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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

Note 7:  Income Taxes

Management estimates the annual effective income tax rate quarterly, based on current annual forecasted results. Items unrelated to current year ordinary income are recognized entirely in the period identified as a discrete item of tax. The quarterly income tax (benefit) provision is comprised of tax on ordinary income provided at the most recent estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”), increased or decreased for the tax effect of discrete items.

For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, our estimated annual effective tax rates applied to ordinary (losses) income were 20.7% and 44.0%, respectively.  The difference between the statutory rate and the projected annual ETR of 20.7%, for 2017, is primarily due to the research and development credit.

Including the effect of discrete items, our effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 were 17.7% and 44.0%, respectively.  The difference between the annual ETR of 20.7% and the quarterly rate of 17.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 is primarily the result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which now requires tax expense to be recognized as discrete items in the quarter that stock options expire, or are forfeited.