Common Stock and Share-Based Compensation

Our authorized shares of capital stock include one million shares of preferred stock and 250 million shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share.

Cash Dividends — In November 2013, we announced that our Board of Directors had adopted a cash dividend policy. Under the policy, holders of our common stock will receive dividends when and as declared by our Board of Directors. Beginning in 2015, all awards of restricted stock units, performance stock units and phantom shares provide for cash dividend equivalent units, which vest in cash at the same time as the underlying award. Quarterly dividends of $0.09 per share were paid in March of 2017 and 2016, totaling approximately $8.2 million and $8.3 million for the first three months of 2017 and 2016, respectively. We expect to pay quarterly dividends of $0.09 per share ($0.36 per share annually) in 2017. Our cash dividend policy is subject to modification, suspension or cancellation in any manner and at any time. Dividends are presented as a reduction to retained earnings in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity unless we have an accumulated deficit as of the end of the period, in which case they are reflected as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.

Stock Repurchase Program — Since 1998, our Board of Directors has from time to time authorized the repurchase of our common stock up to an aggregate of $2.38 billion, excluding fees and commissions. We made no share repurchases during each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. As of March 31, 2017, $197.1 million remained available for repurchases under this program (excluding fees and commissions). Our management is authorized to purchase shares from time to time through open market transactions at prevailing prices or in privately-negotiated transactions, subject to market conditions and other factors. Shares, when repurchased, are retired.

Restricted Stock Units — We issue restricted stock units ("RSUs") to certain senior employees and non-employee directors as part of our long-term incentive compensation program. An RSU represents the right to receive one share of common stock in the future. RSUs have no exercise price. RSUs granted to employees generally vest ratably over three years, subject to certain accelerated vesting provisions based primarily on a change of control, or in certain cases upon death or qualified disability. RSUs granted to non-employee directors vest ratably over three years.

The following table summarizes RSU activity during the three months ended March 31, 2017:



	Employees			Non-Employee Directors			Total
RSUs outstanding at January 1, 2017	872,785			80,207			952,992
RSUs granted	374,918			45,528			420,446
Shares issued upon vesting of RSUs	(213,451		)	(37,204		)	(250,655		)
RSUs canceled or forfeited(1)	(125,218		)	(2,112		)	(127,330		)
RSUs outstanding at March 31, 2017	909,034			86,419			995,453
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	18.00		$	18.46		$	18.04


(1)	Pursuant to the terms of our plans, employees have the option of forfeiting RSUs to cover their minimum statutory tax withholding when shares are issued. Any RSUs surrendered or canceled in satisfaction of participants’ tax withholding obligations are not available for future grants under the plans.

Performance Stock Units — Beginning in 2016, performance share units ("PSUs") were granted as part of our long-term incentive compensation program. PSUs will cliff vest and be settled in shares of our common stock at the end of a three-year performance period contingent upon the achievement of specific performance goals established for each calendar year during the respective performance periods. The number of shares that may be earned at the end of the vesting period may range from zero to 200 percent of the target award amount based on the achievement of the performance goals. The fair value of PSUs is estimated using the market price of our common stock on the date of grant, and we recognize compensation expense ratably over the vesting period for the portion of the awards that are expected to vest. The following table summarizes PSU activity during the three months ended March 31, 2017:



	PSUs	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017	90,583	$	19.13
Granted	158,402	18.84
Vested	—	—
Forfeited	—	—
Outstanding at March 31, 2017	248,985	$	18.94

Phantom Shares — We grant phantom shares as part of our long-term incentive compensation program, which are similar to RSUs in that they are based on the price of our stock and vest ratably over a three-year period, but are cash-settled based upon the value of our stock at each vesting date. The fair value of the awards is remeasured at each reporting period. Compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding liability, which is recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table summarizes the phantom share activity during the three months ended March 31, 2017:



	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2017	1,361,062		$	17.78
Granted	750,893		18.45
Converted/paid	(570,113	)	16.97
Forfeited	(51,959	)	18.08
Outstanding at March 31, 2017	1,489,883		$	18.42

Stock Options — The following table summarizes stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2017:



	Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding and exercisable at January 1, 2017	2,038,829		$	19.78
Forfeited and canceled	(487,971	)	26.07
Exercised	(31,567	)	17.26
Options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2017	1,519,291		$	17.81	1.99	$	4,957,607

We recognize share-based compensation expense for stock options ratably over the vesting period. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes valuation model. We did not grant any stock options during 2016 or in the first quarter of 2017, nor do we currently plan to in the future. At March 31, 2017, there was no remaining unrecognized stock option expense related to unvested awards.

Share-Based Compensation Expense — The following table summarizes the share-based compensation expense recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended March 31
	2017		2016
	(In thousands)
RSUs	$	1,608	$	1,369
PSUs	500		387
Phantom shares	1,849		4,311
Total	$	3,957	$	6,067