Asset-Backed Securities Issued

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

ABS issued represents securities issued by non-recourse securitization entities we consolidate under GAAP. The majority of our ABS issued is carried at fair value under the CFE election (see Note 4 for additional detail), with the remainder carried at amortized cost. The carrying values of ABS issued by our consolidated securitization entities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 along with other selected information, are summarized in the following table.

Table 15.1 – Asset-Backed Securities Issued


	December 31, 2023
(Dollars in Thousands)	Legacy Sequoia		Sequoia		CAFL (1)		Freddie Mac SLST (2)		Freddie Mac K-Series			HEI		Total

Certificates with principal balance	$	151,106	$	5,000,540	$	3,472,825	$	1,328,657	$	402,400		$	233,131	$	10,588,659
Interest-only certificates at fair value	162		52,112		101,828		13,856		4,562			—		172,520
Market valuation adjustments	(12,738)		(622,522)		(209,740)		(72,742)		(14,985)			(10,643)		(943,370)
Unamortized debt discount and deferred debt issuance costs	—		—		(1,935)		(3,994)		—			—		(5,929)
ABS Issued, Net	$	138,530	$	4,430,130	$	3,362,978	$	1,265,777	$	391,977		$	222,488	$	9,811,880
Range of weighted average interest rates, by series(3)	3.59% to 6.66%		2.67% to 6.24%		2.34% to 7.89%		3.50% to 7.5%		3.55		%	3.86% to 6.70%
Stated maturities(3)	2024-2036		2047-2053		2027-2033		2028-2059		2025			2052-2053
Number of series	20		22		21		3		1			2


	December 31, 2022
(Dollars in Thousands)	Legacy Sequoia		Sequoia		CAFL (1)		Freddie Mac SLST (2)		Freddie Mac K-Series		HEI			Total
Certificates with principal balance	$	200,047	$	3,595,715	$	3,322,250	$	1,306,652	$	410,725	$	108,962		$	8,944,351
Interest-only certificates at fair value	180		57,871		124,928		15,328		7,379		—			205,686
Market valuation adjustments	(16,036)		(682,477)		(323,995)		(99,072)		(25,319)		(8,252)			(1,155,151)
Unamortized debt discount and deferred debt issuance costs	—		—		(7,376)		(758)		—		—			(8,134)
ABS Issued, Net	$	184,191	$	2,971,109	$	3,115,807	$	1,222,150	$	392,785	$	100,710		$	7,986,752
Range of weighted average interest rates, by series(3)	2.69% to 5.19%		2.57% to 6.13%		2.34% to 5.92%		3.50% to 4.75%		3.41%		3.78		%
Stated maturities(3)	2024 - 2036		2047-2052		2027-2032		2028-2059		2025		2052
Number of series	20		17		19		3		1		1

(1)Includes $485 million (principal balance) of ABS issued by two CAFL bridge securitization trusts sponsored by Redwood and accounted for at amortized cost at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(2)Includes $182 million and $86 million (principal balance) of ABS issued by re-securitization trusts sponsored by Redwood and accounted for at amortized cost at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(3)Certain ABS issued by CAFL and HEI securitization entities are subject to early redemption and interest rate step-ups as described below.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, we consolidated the assets and liabilities of a securitization entity formed in connection with the securitization of CoreVest BPL bridge loans (presented within CAFL in Table 15.1 above), which we determined was a VIE and for which we determined we are the primary beneficiary. At issuance, we sold $231 million (principal balance) of ABS issued to third parties and retained the remaining beneficial ownership interests in the trust. We elected to account for the entity under the CFE election and account for the ABS issued at fair value, with the entire change in fair value of the ABS issued recorded through Investment fair value changes, net on our consolidated statements of income. At December 31, 2023, the principal balance of the ABS issued was $231 million, and the net carrying value was $232 million. The weighted average stated coupon of the ABS issued was 7.89% at issuance. The ABS issued by the CAFL bridge entity are subject to an optional redemption in December 2025, and beginning in July 2026, the interest rate on the ABS issued increases by 1.5% through final maturity in December 2030. The ABS issued by this securitization were collateralized by $250 million of BPL bridge loans, $2 million of restricted cash and $3 million of other assets at December 31, 2023. The securitization is structured with $250 million of total funding capacity and a feature to allow reinvestment of loan payoffs for the first 24 months of the transaction (through December 2025), unless an amortization event occurs prior to the expiration of the 24-month reinvestment period. Amortization trigger events include, among other events, delinquency rates or default rates exceeding specified thresholds for three consecutive periods, or the effective advance rate exceeding a specified threshold.

During the second quarter of 2022, we consolidated the assets and liabilities of a securitization entity formed in connection with the securitization of CoreVest BPL bridge loans (presented within CAFL in Table 15.1 above), which we determined was a VIE and for which we determined we are the primary beneficiary. At issuance, we sold $215 million (principal balance) of ABS issued to third parties and retained the remaining beneficial ownership interest in the trust. The ABS were issued at a discount and we have elected to account for the ABS issued at amortized cost. At December 31, 2023, the principal balance of the ABS issued was $215 million, and the unamortized debt discount and deferred issuance costs were $2 million in total, for a net carrying value of $213 million. The weighted average stated coupon of the ABS issued was 4.32% at issuance. The ABS issued by the CAFL bridge entity are subject to an optional redemption in May 2024, and beginning in June 2025, the interest rate on the ABS issued increases by 2% through final maturity in May 2029. The ABS issued by this securitization were collateralized by $225 million of BPL bridge loans, $15 million of restricted cash and $11 million other assets at December 31, 2023. The securitization is structured with $250 million of total funding capacity and a feature to allow reinvestment of loan payoffs for the first 24 months of the transaction (through May 2024), unless an amortization event occurs prior to the expiration of the 24-month reinvestment period. Amortization trigger events include, among other events, delinquency rates or default rates exceeding specified thresholds for three consecutive periods, or the effective advance rate exceeding a specified threshold.

During the third quarter of 2021, we consolidated the assets and liabilities of a securitization entity formed in connection with the securitization of CoreVest BPL bridge loans (presented within CAFL in Table 15.1 above), which we determined was a VIE and for which we determined we are the primary beneficiary. At issuance, we sold $270 million (principal balance) of ABS issued to third parties and retained the remaining beneficial ownership interest in the trust. The ABS were issued at a discount and we have elected to account for the ABS issued at amortized cost. At December 31, 2023, the principal balance of the ABS issued was $270 million, and the unamortized debt discount and deferred issuance costs were $0.3 million, for a net carrying value of $270 million. The weighted average stated coupon of the ABS issued was 2.34% at issuance. The ABS issued by the CAFL bridge entity are subject to an optional redemption in March 2024, and beginning in March 2025 the interest rate on the ABS issued increases by 2% through final maturity in March 2029. The ABS issued by this securitization were backed by assets including $287 million of BPL bridge loans, $17 million of restricted cash and $6 million of other assets at December 31, 2023. The securitization is structured with $300 million of total funding capacity and a feature to allow reinvestment of loan payoffs for the first 30 months of the transaction (through March 2024), unless an amortization event occurs prior to the expiration of the 30-month reinvestment period. Amortization trigger events include, among other events, delinquency rates or default rates exceeding specified thresholds for three consecutive periods, or the effective advance rate exceeding a specified threshold.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, we consolidated the assets and liabilities of a HEI securitization entity formed in connection with the securitization of HEI, which we determined was a VIE and for which we determined we are the primary beneficiary. At issuance, we sold $139 million (principal balance) of ABS issued to third parties and retained a portion of the remaining beneficial ownership interest in the trust. We elected to account for the entity under the CFE election and account for the ABS issued at fair value, with the entire change in fair value of the ABS issued (including accrued interest) recorded through HEI income, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). The ABS issued by the HEI securitization entity are subject to an optional redemption in October 2025, and beginning in October 2026, the interest rate on the ABS issued increases by 3% through final maturity in 2053.

During the third quarter of 2021, we consolidated the assets and liabilities of the HEI securitization entity formed in connection with the securitization of HEI, which we determined was a VIE and for which we determined we are the primary beneficiary. At issuance, we sold $146 million (principal balance) of ABS issued to third parties and retained a portion of the remaining beneficial ownership interest in the trust. We elected to account for the entity under the CFE election and account for the ABS issued at fair value, with the entire change in fair value of the ABS issued (including accrued interest) recorded through HEI income, net on our consolidated statements of income (loss). The ABS issued by the HEI securitization entity became subject to an optional redemption in September 2023, and beginning in September 2024 the interest rate on the ABS issued increases by 2% through final maturity in 2052.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, we transferred all of the subordinate securities we owned from two consolidated re-performing loan securitization VIEs sponsored by Freddie Mac SLST to a re-securitization trust, which we determined was a VIE and for which we determined we are the primary beneficiary. At issuance, we sold $184 million (principal balance) of ABS issued to third parties and retained 100% of the remaining beneficial ownership interest in the trust through ownership of a subordinate security issued by the trust. The ABS was issued at a discount and we have elected to account for the ABS issued at amortized cost. At December 31, 2023, the principal balance of the ABS issued was $182 million and the unamortized debt discount and deferred issuance costs totaled $4 million, for a net carrying value of $178 million. The stated coupon of the ABS issued was 7.50% at issuance and the final stated maturity occurs in July 2059. The ABS issued are subject to an optional redemption through November 2025, at which time, if the redemption right has not been exercised, the ABS interest rate steps up to 10.50%.

During the third quarter of 2020, we transferred all of the subordinate securities we owned from two consolidated re-performing loan securitization VIEs sponsored by Freddie Mac SLST to a re-securitization trust, which we determined was a VIE and for which we determined we are the primary beneficiary. During the first quarter of 2023, we called the Freddie Mac SLST re-securitization and paid off the associated outstanding ABS.

The actual maturity of each class of ABS issued is primarily determined by the rate of principal prepayments on the assets of the issuing entity. Each series is also subject to redemption prior to the stated maturity according to the terms of the respective governing documents of each ABS issuing entity. As a result, the actual maturity of ABS issued may occur earlier than the stated maturity. At December 31, 2023, the majority of the ABS issued and outstanding had contractual maturities beyond five years. See Note 4 for detail on the carrying value components of the collateral for ABS issued and outstanding. The following table summarizes the accrued interest payable on ABS issued at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Interest due on consolidated ABS issued is payable monthly.

Table 15.2 – Accrued Interest Payable on Asset-Backed Securities Issued


(In Thousands)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Legacy Sequoia	$	303	$	282
Sequoia	15,990		8,880
CAFL	11,537		10,918
Freddie Mac SLST (1)	4,496		3,561
Freddie Mac K-Series	1,190		1,167
Total Accrued Interest Payable on ABS Issued	$	33,516	$	24,808

(1)Includes accrued interest payable on ABS issued by a re-securitization trust sponsored by Redwood.