(2) Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aspen Technology, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain line items in prior period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to currently reported presentations.

(b) Management Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments with remaining maturities of three months or less when purchased.

(d) Marketable Securities

The following table summarizes the fair value, the amortized cost and unrealized holding gains (losses) on our marketable securities as of June 30, 2015 and 2014:

	Fair Value		Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses
	(Dollars in Thousands)
June 30, 2015:
U.S. corporate bonds	$	59,197	$	59,223	$	8	$	(34	)

Total short-term marketable securities	$	59,197	$	59,223	$	8	$	(34	)


U.S. corporate bonds	$	3,047	$	3,055	$	—	$	(8	)

Total long-term marketable securities	$	3,047	$	3,055	$	—	$	(8	)


June 30, 2014:
U.S. corporate bonds	$	67,619	$	67,587	$	39	$	(7	)

Total short-term marketable securities	$	67,619	$	67,587	$	39	$	(7	)


U.S. corporate bonds	$	31,270	$	31,290	$	1	$	(21	)

Total long-term marketable securities	$	31,270	$	31,290	$	1	$	(21	)

Our marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. Net unrealized gains (losses) are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. Realized gains and losses on investments are recognized in earnings as incurred. Our investments consist primarily of investment grade fixed income corporate debt securities with maturity dates ranging from July 2015 through August 2016 as of June 30, 2015 and from July 2014 through May 2016 as of June 30, 2014, respectively.

We review our marketable securities for impairment at each reporting period to determine if any of our securities have experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 320, Investments—Debt and Equity Securities. We consider factors, such as the length of time and extent to which the market value has been less than the cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, our intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not we will be required to sell the investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If we believe that an other-than-temporary decline in fair value has occurred, we write down the investment to fair value and recognize the credit loss in earnings and the non-credit loss in accumulated other comprehensive income. During fiscal 2015 and 2014, our marketable securities were not considered other-than-temporarily impaired and, as such, we did not recognize impairment losses during the periods then ended. Unrealized losses are attributable to changes in interest rates.

(e) Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. We provide for depreciation and amortization, primarily computed using the straight-line method, by charges to operations in amounts estimated to allocate the cost of the assets over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

Asset Classification		Estimated Useful Life
Computer equipment		3 years
Purchased software		3 - 5 years
Furniture and fixtures		3 - 10 years
Leasehold improvements		Life of lease or asset, whichever is shorter

Depreciation expense was $4.7 million, $3.3 million and $3.4 million for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

(f) Revenue Recognition

Transition to the aspenONE Licensing Model

Prior to fiscal 2010, we offered term or perpetual licenses to specific products, or specifically defined sets of products, which we refer to as point products. The majority of our license revenue was recognized under an "upfront revenue model," in which the net present value of the aggregate license fees was recognized as revenue upon shipment of the point products. Customers typically received one year of post-contract software maintenance and support, or SMS, with their license agreements and then could elect to renew SMS annually. Revenue from SMS was recognized ratably over the period in which the SMS was delivered.

In fiscal 2010, we introduced the following changes to our licensing model:


	(i)	We began offering our software on a subscription basis, allowing our customers access to all products within a licensed suite (aspenONE Engineering or aspenONE Manufacturing and Supply Chain). SMS is included for the entire term of the arrangement and customers are entitled to any software products or updates introduced into the licensed suite. We refer to this license arrangement as our aspenONE licensing model.
	(ii)	We began to include SMS for the entire term on our point product term arrangements.

In fiscal 2012, we introduced Premier Plus SMS. As part of this offering, customers receive 24x7 support, faster response times, dedicated technical advocates and access to web-based training modules. Premier Plus SMS is exclusively available as a component of our term contract arrangements and we are unable to establish VSOE for this deliverable because we don't offer it on a stand-alone basis.

Revenue related to our aspenONE licensing model and point product arrangements with Premier Plus SMS are both recognized over the term of the arrangement on a ratable basis. The changes to our licensing model resulted in a significant reduction to license revenue in fiscal 2010, as compared to fiscal periods preceding our licensing model changes. From fiscal 2010 through fiscal 2015, as customer license arrangements previously executed under the upfront revenue model reached the end of their terms, and were renewed under the aspenONE licensing model, we recognized increasing amounts of subscription revenue and deferred revenue. The value of our installed base of software licenses was also growing during this period which further contributed to growth in subscription and deferred revenue. Many of our license arrangements were five or six years in duration when the aspenONE licensing model was introduced at the start of fiscal 2010, and consequently, a number of arrangements executed under the upfront revenue model did not reach the end of their original term until the end of fiscal 2015. For fiscal 2016 and beyond, we do not expect the changes to our licensing model to have any material impact on subscription revenue or deferred revenue.

The changes to our licensing model introduced in fiscal 2010 did not change the method or timing of customer billings or cash collections. In addition, the changes to our licensing model did not impact the incurrence or timing of our expenses. Since there was no corresponding expense reduction to offset the lower revenue during fiscal years 2010-2015, operating income was lower than what would have been reported under a fully transitioned revenue model, and during fiscal 2010, 2011 and 2012, the lower revenue resulted in operating losses.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenue from the following sources: (1) licensing software products; (2) providing SMS and training; and (3) providing professional services. We sell our software products to end users under fixed-term and perpetual licenses. As a standard business practice, we offer extended payment term options for our fixed-term license arrangements, which are generally payable on an annual basis. Certain of our fixed-term license agreements include product mixing rights that allow customers the flexibility to change or alternate the use of multiple products included in the license arrangement after those products are delivered to the customer. We refer to these arrangements as token arrangements. Tokens are fixed units of measure. The amount of software usage is limited by the number of tokens purchased by the customer.

Four basic criteria must be satisfied before software license revenue can be recognized: persuasive evidence of an arrangement between us and an end user; delivery of our product has occurred; the fee for the product is fixed or determinable; and collection of the fee is probable.

Persuasive evidence of an arrangement—We use a signed contract as evidence of an arrangement for software licenses and SMS. For professional services we use a signed contract and a work proposal to evidence an arrangement. In cases where both a signed contract and a purchase order are required by the customer, we consider both taken together as evidence of the arrangement.

Delivery of our product—Software and the corresponding access keys are generally delivered to customers via disk media with standard shipping terms of Free Carrier, our warehouse (i.e., FCA, named place). Our software license agreements do not contain conditions for acceptance.

Fee is fixed or determinable—We assess whether a fee is fixed or determinable at the outset of the arrangement. Significant judgment is involved in making this assessment.

Under our upfront revenue model, we are able to demonstrate that the fees are fixed or determinable for all arrangements, including those for our term licenses that contain extended payment terms. We have an established history of collecting under the terms of these contracts without providing concessions to customers. In addition, we also assess whether a contract modification to an existing term arrangement constitutes a concession. In making this assessment, significant analysis is performed to ensure that no concessions are given. Our software license agreements do not include a right of return or exchange. For license arrangements executed under the upfront revenue model, we recognize license revenue upon delivery of the software product, provided all other revenue recognition requirements are met.

We cannot assert that the fees under our aspenONE licensing model and point product arrangements with Premier Plus SMS are fixed or determinable because the rights provided to customers, and the economics of the arrangements, are not comparable to our transactions with other customers under the upfront revenue model. As a result, the amount of revenue recognized for these arrangements is limited by the amount of customer payments that become due.

Collection of fee is probable—We assess the probability of collecting from each customer at the outset of the arrangement based on a number of factors, including the customer's payment history, its current creditworthiness, economic conditions in the customer's industry and geographic location, and general economic conditions. If in our judgment collection of a fee is not probable, revenue is recognized as cash is collected, provided all other conditions for revenue recognition have been met.

Vendor-Specific Objective Evidence of Fair Value

We have established VSOE for certain SMS offerings, professional services, and training, but not for our software products or our Premier Plus SMS offering. We assess VSOE for SMS, professional services, and training, based on an analysis of standalone sales of the offerings using the bell-shaped curve approach. We do not have a history of selling our Premier Plus SMS offering to customers on a standalone basis, and as a result are unable to establish VSOE for this deliverable. As of July 1, 2014, we are no longer able to establish VSOE for legacy SMS offerings sold with our perpetual license arrangements. As a result, all perpetual license agreements that include legacy SMS entered into subsequent to June 30, 2014 will be recognized ratably over the legacy SMS service period. Loss of VSOE on legacy SMS offerings sold with our perpetual license arrangements did not have a material impact on our revenue in fiscal 2015 and is not expected to have a material impact on our revenue in future periods.

We allocate the arrangement consideration among the elements included in our multi-element arrangements using the residual method. Under the residual method, the VSOE of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is recognized as revenue upon delivery of the software, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met. If VSOE does not exist for an undelivered element in an arrangement, revenue is deferred until such evidence does exist for the undelivered elements, or until all elements are delivered, whichever is earlier. Under the upfront revenue model, the residual license fee is recognized upon delivery of the software provided all other revenue recognition criteria were met. Arrangements that qualified for upfront recognition during fiscal 2014 and prior periods included sales of perpetual licenses, amendments to existing legacy term arrangements and renewals of legacy term arrangements.

Subscription and Software Revenue

Subscription and software revenue consists of product and related revenue from our (i) aspenONE licensing model; (ii) point product arrangements with our Premier Plus SMS offering included for the contract term; (iii) legacy arrangements including (a) amendments to existing legacy term arrangements, (b) renewals of legacy term arrangements and (c) legacy arrangements that are being recognized over time as a result of not previously meeting one or more of the requirements for recognition under the upfront revenue model; (iv) legacy SMS arrangements; and (v) perpetual arrangements.

When a customer elects to license our products under our aspenONE licensing model, our Premier Plus SMS offering is included for the entire term of the arrangement and the customer receives, for the term of the arrangement, the right to any new unspecified future software products and updates that may be introduced into the licensed aspenONE software suite. Due to our obligation to provide unspecified future software products and updates, we are required to recognize revenue ratably over the term of the arrangement, once the other revenue recognition criteria noted above have been met.

Our point product arrangements with Premier Plus SMS include SMS for the term of the arrangement. Since we do not have VSOE for our Premier Plus SMS offering, the SMS element of our point product arrangements is not separable. As a result, revenue associated with point product arrangements with Premier Plus SMS included for the contract term is recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement, once the other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Perpetual and legacy term license arrangements do not include the same rights as those provided to customers under the aspenONE licensing model and point product arrangements with Premier Plus SMS. Legacy SMS revenue is generated from legacy SMS offerings provided in support of perpetual and legacy term license arrangements. Customers typically receive SMS for one year and then can elect to renew SMS annually. During fiscal 2014 and prior periods, we had VSOE for certain legacy SMS offerings sold with perpetual and term license arrangements and could therefore separate the undelivered elements. Accordingly, license fee revenue for perpetual and legacy term license arrangements was recognized upon delivery of the software products using the residual method, provided all other revenue recognition requirements were met. VSOE of fair value for the undelivered SMS component sold with our perpetual and term license arrangements was deferred and subsequently amortized into revenue ratably over the contractual term of the SMS arrangement. As of July 1, 2014, we are no longer able to establish VSOE for our legacy SMS offerings sold with our perpetual license arrangements. As a result, all perpetual license agreements that include legacy SMS entered into subsequent to June 30, 2014 will be recognized ratably over the legacy SMS service period. Loss of VSOE on legacy SMS offerings sold with our perpetual license arrangements did not have a material impact on our revenue in fiscal 2015 and is not expected to have a material impact on our revenue in future periods.

Revenue Reclassification

Prior to fiscal 2014, legacy SMS revenue was classified within services and other revenue in our consolidated statements of operations. Cost of legacy SMS revenue was included within cost of services and other revenue. Beginning with fiscal 2014, legacy SMS revenue is included within subscription and software revenue in our consolidated statements of operations. We reclassified legacy SMS revenue into subscription and software revenue in our consolidated statements of operations based on the following rationale:


	i)	Legacy SMS revenue had decreased since fiscal 2010, and been offset by a corresponding increase in subscription and software revenue as customers transitioned to our aspenONE licensing model and to point product arrangements with Premier Plus SMS.
	ii)	Legacy SMS revenue was no longer significant in relation to our total revenue due to the number of our term license arrangements that had been converted to the aspenONE licensing model.
	iii)	We expected legacy SMS revenue to continue to decrease as expiring license arrangements were renewed on the aspenONE licensing model.
	iv)	We manage legacy SMS as a part of our broader software licensing business. The distinction between legacy SMS revenue and revenue from aspenONE licensing and point product arrangements with Premier Plus SMS included for the full contract term no longer represents a meaningful difference from a line of business standpoint since we assess business performance on a combined basis.
	v)	Legacy SMS revenue and revenue from our aspenONE license arrangements share the same revenue recognition methodology and are both recognized on a ratable basis.

The following table summarizes the impact of revenue and cost of revenue reclassifications for fiscal 2013:

	Classification in Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Year Ended June 30,		Year Ended June 30,
	2015 and 2014	2013	2015		2014		2013
			(Dollars in Thousands)
Legacy SMS revenue	Subscription and software	Services and other	$	20,467	$	30,341	$	36,931
Cost of Legacy SMS revenue	Subscription and software	Services and other	$	4,036	$	5,571	$	7,360

Prior to fiscal 2014, services and other revenue included revenue related to professional services, training, legacy SMS and other revenue. Beginning with fiscal 2014, legacy SMS revenue is included within subscription and software revenue in our consolidated statements of operations.

The following tables summarize the impact of legacy SMS revenue and cost of revenue reclassification on our previously presented consolidated statements of operations for fiscal 2013:

	Impact on Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Year Ended June 30, 2013
	As Previously Reported		Reclassifications			As Currently Reported
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Subscription and software revenue:
Legacy SMS	$	—	$	36,931		$	36,931
Subscription and software		239,654		—			239,654

	$	239,654	$	36,931		$	276,585


Services and other revenue:
Legacy SMS	$	—	$	(36,931	)	$	(36,931	)
Professional services, training and other		71,733		—			71,733

	$	71,733	$	(36,931	)	$	34,802


Cost of subscription and software revenue:
Cost of legacy SMS revenue	$	—	$	7,360		$	7,360
Cost of subscription and software revenue		12,788		—			12,788

	$	12,788	$	7,360		$	20,148


Cost of services and other revenue:
Cost of legacy SMS revenue	$	—	$	(7,360	)	$	(7,360	)
Cost of professional services, training and other revenue		37,560		—			37,560

	$	37,560	$	(7,360	)	$	30,200

Services and Other

Professional Services Revenue

Professional services are provided to customers on a time-and-materials (T&M) or fixed-price basis. We recognize professional services fees for our T&M contracts based upon hours worked and contractually agreed-upon hourly rates. Revenue from fixed-price engagements is recognized using the proportional performance method based on the ratio of costs incurred to the total estimated project costs. Project costs are typically expensed as incurred. The use of the proportional performance method is dependent upon our ability to reliably estimate the costs to complete a project. We use historical experience as a basis for future estimates to complete current projects. Additionally, we believe that costs are the best available measure of performance. Out-of-pocket expenses which are reimbursed by customers are recorded as revenue.

In certain circumstances, professional services revenue may be recognized over a longer time period than the period over which the services are performed. If the costs to complete a project are not estimable or the completion is uncertain, the revenue is recognized upon completion of the services. In circumstances in which professional services are sold as a single arrangement with, or in contemplation of, a new aspenONE license or point product arrangement with Premier Plus SMS, revenue is deferred and recognized on a ratable basis over the longer of (i) the period the services are performed, or (ii) the license term. When we provide professional services considered essential to the functionality of the software, we recognize the combined revenue from the sale of the software and related services using the completed contract or percentage-of-completion method.

We have occasionally been required to commit unanticipated additional resources to complete projects, which resulted in losses on those contracts. Provisions for estimated losses on contracts are made during the period in which such losses become probable and can be reasonably estimated.

Training Revenue

We provide training services to our customers, including on-site, Internet-based, public and customized training. Revenue is recognized in the period in which the services are performed. In circumstances in which training services are sold as a single arrangement with, or in contemplation of, a new aspenONE license or point product arrangement with Premier Plus SMS, revenue is deferred and recognized on a ratable basis over the longer of (i) the period the services are performed or (ii) the license term.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue includes amounts billed or collected in advance of revenue recognition, including arrangements under the aspenONE licensing model, point product arrangements with Premier Plus SMS, legacy SMS arrangements, professional services, and training. Under the aspenONE licensing model and for point product arrangements with Premier Plus SMS, VSOE does not exist for the undelivered elements, and as a result, the arrangement fees are recognized ratably (i.e., on a subscription basis) over the term of the license. Deferred revenue is recorded as each invoice becomes due.

For arrangements under the upfront revenue model, a portion of the arrangement fee is generally recorded as deferred revenue due to the inclusion of an undelivered element, typically certain of our legacy SMS offerings or professional services. The amount of revenue allocated to undelivered elements is based on the VSOE for those elements using the residual method, and is earned and recognized as revenue as each element is delivered.

Other Licensing Matters

Our standard licensing agreements include a product warranty provision. We have not experienced significant claims related to software warranties beyond the scope of SMS support, which we are already obligated to provide, and consequently, we have not established reserves for warranty obligations.

Our agreements with our customers generally require us to indemnify the customer against claims that our software infringes third-party patent, copyright, trademark or other proprietary rights. Such indemnification obligations are generally limited in a variety of industry-standard respects, including our right to replace an infringing product. As of June 30, 2015 and 2014, we had not experienced any material losses related to these indemnification obligations and no claims with respect thereto were outstanding. We do not expect significant claims related to these indemnification obligations, and consequently, have not established any related reserves.

(g) Installments Receivable

Installments receivable resulting from product sales under the upfront revenue model are discounted to present value at prevailing market rates at the date the contract is signed, taking into consideration the customer's credit rating. The finance element is recognized using the effective interest method over the relevant license term and is classified as interest income. Installments receivable are classified as current and non-current in our consolidated balance sheets based on the maturity date of the related installment. Non-current installments receivable consist of receivables with a due date greater than one year from the period-end date. Current installments receivable consist of invoices with a due date of less than one year but greater than 45 days from the period-end date. Once an installments receivable invoice becomes due within 45 days, it is reclassified as a trade accounts receivable in our consolidated balance sheets. As a result, we did not have any past due installments receivable as of June 30, 2015.

Our non-current installments receivable are within the scope of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2010-20, Receivables (Topic 310): Disclosures about the Credit Quality of Financing Receivables and the Allowance for Credit Losses. As our portfolio of financing receivables arises from the sale of our software licenses, the methodology for determining our allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the collective population of receivables and is not stratified by class or portfolio segment. We consider factors such as existing economic conditions, country risk, customers' credit rating and past payment history in determining our allowance for doubtful accounts. We reserve against our installments receivable when the related trade accounts receivable have been past due for over a year, or when there is a specific risk of uncollectability. Our specific reserve reflects the full value of the related installments receivable for which collection has been deemed uncertain. We transfer an installment receivable reserve balance into a trade accounts receivable allowance when an installment receivable ages into a trade account receivable.

We write-off receivables when they are considered uncollectable based on our judgment. In instances when we write-off specific customers' trade accounts receivable, we also write off any related current and non-current installments receivable balances.

As of June 30, 2015, our current and non-current installments receivable of $1.6 million and $0.3 million are presented net of unamortized discounts of less than $0.1 million each, respectively.

As of June 30, 2014, our gross current and non-current installments receivable of $0.7 million and $0.9 million are presented net of unamortized discounts and allowance for doubtful accounts of less than $0.1 million each, respectively.

Under the aspenONE licensing model and for point product arrangements with Premier Plus SMS included for the contract term, the installment payments are not considered fixed or determinable and, as a result, are not included as installments receivable on our consolidated balance sheet.

(h) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Discounts

We make judgments as to our ability to collect outstanding receivables and provide allowances for the portion of receivables when a loss is reasonably expected to occur. The allowance for doubtful accounts is established to represent the best estimate of the net realizable value of the outstanding accounts receivable. The development of the allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a review of past due amounts, historical write-off and recovery experience, as well as aging trends affecting specific accounts and general operational factors affecting all accounts. In addition, factors are developed utilizing historical trends in bad debts and allowances.

We consider current economic trends when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. If circumstances relating to specific customers change or unanticipated changes occur in the general business environment, our estimates of the recoverability of receivables could be further adjusted.

The following table presents our allowance for doubtful accounts activity for accounts receivable in fiscal 2015 and 2014, respectively:

	Year Ended June 30,
	2015			2014
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance, beginning of year	$	3,465		$	1,615
Provision for bad debts		(1,032	)		1,922
Write-offs		(797	)		(72	)

Balance, end of year	$	1,636		$	3,465

The following table summarizes our accounts receivable, net of the related allowance for doubtful accounts, as of June 30, 2015 and 2014:

	Gross		Allowance		Net
	(Dollars in Thousands)
June 30, 2015:
Accounts Receivable	$	32,357	$	1,636	$	30,721

	$	32,357	$	1,636	$	30,721


June 30, 2014:
Accounts Receivable	$	41,997	$	3,465	$	38,532

	$	41,997	$	3,465	$	38,532

(i) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We determine fair value of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities in accordance with provisions of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820). ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs—Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for an asset or a liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for an asset or a liability (such as interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.), or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 Inputs—Unobservable inputs for determining fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity's own assumptions in pricing assets or liabilities.

Cash Equivalents. Cash equivalents are reported at fair value utilizing quoted market prices in identical markets, or "Level 1 Inputs." Our cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments with remaining maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Marketable Securities. Marketable securities are reported at fair value calculated in accordance with the market approach, utilizing market consensus pricing models with quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable, or "Level 2 Inputs".

Financial instruments not measured or recorded at fair value in the accompanying consolidated financial statements consist of accounts receivable, installments receivable and accounts payable. The estimated fair value of these financial instruments approximates their carrying value.

The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2015 and 2014, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:

	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using,
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1 Inputs)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2 Inputs)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
June 30, 2015:
Cash equivalents	$	130,232	$	—
Marketable securities		—		62,244
June 30, 2014:
Cash equivalents	$	175,875	$	—
Marketable securities		—		98,889

At June 30, 2015 and 2014, we did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs ("Level 3 Inputs").

Certain non-financial assets, including goodwill, finite-lived intangible assets and other non-financial long-lived assets, are measured at fair value using market and income approaches on a non-recurring basis when there is an indication of impairment.

(j) Computer Software Development Costs

Certain computer software development costs are capitalized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Capitalization of computer software development costs begins upon establishing technological feasibility defined as meeting specifications determined by the program design. Amortization of capitalized computer software development costs is provided on a product-by-product basis using the greater of (a) the amount computed using the ratio that current gross revenue for a product bears to total of current and anticipated future gross revenue for that product or (b) the straight-line method, beginning upon commercial release of the product, and continuing over the remaining estimated economic life of the product, not to exceed three years.

Total computer software costs capitalized were $0.4 million, $0.7 million and $1.2 million during the years ended June 30, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Total amortization expense charged to operations was approximately $0.7 million, $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the years ended June 30, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Computer software development accumulated amortization totaled $73.3 million and $72.7 million as of June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Weighted average remaining useful life of computer software development costs was 1.1 years and 1.9 years at June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

At each balance sheet date, we evaluate the unamortized capitalized software costs for potential impairment by comparing the balance to the net realizable value of the products. During the years ending June 30, 2015, 2014 and 2013, our computer software development costs were not considered impaired and as such, we did not recognize impairment losses during the periods then ended.

(k) Foreign Currency Translation

The determination of the functional currency of subsidiaries is based on the subsidiaries' financial and operational environment and is the local currency of the subsidiary. Gains and losses from foreign currency translation related to entities whose functional currency is their local currency are credited or charged to accumulated other comprehensive income included in stockholders' equity in the consolidated balance sheets. In all instances, foreign currency transaction and remeasurement gains or losses are credited or charged to the consolidated statements of operations as incurred as a component of other income (expense), net. Foreign currency transaction and remeasurement losses were $0.8 million, $2.3 million and $1.2 million in fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

(l) Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic income (loss) per share is determined by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share is determined by dividing net income (loss) by diluted weighted average shares outstanding during the period. Diluted weighted average shares reflect the dilutive effect, if any, of potential common shares. To the extent their effect is dilutive, employee equity awards and other commitments to be settled in common stock are included in the calculation of diluted income (loss) per share based on the treasury stock method.

For the years ended June 30, 2015, 2014 and 2013, certain employee equity awards were anti-dilutive based on the treasury stock method. The calculations of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share and basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding are as follows:

	Year Ended June 30,
	2015		2014		2013
	(Dollars and Shares in Thousands, Except per Share Data)
Net income (loss)	$	118,407	$	85,783	$	45,262


Weighted average shares outstanding		88,398		92,648		93,586
Dilutive impact from:
Employee equity awards		618		1,017		1,824
Dilutive weighted average shares outstanding		89,016		93,665		95,410
Income (loss) per share
Basic	$	1.34	$	0.93	$	0.48
Dilutive	$	1.33	$	0.92	$	0.47

The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of dilutive weighted average shares outstanding because their effect would be anti-dilutive at the balance sheet date:

	Year Ended June 30,
	2015		2014		2013
	(Shares in Thousands)
Employee equity awards		587		291		443

(m) Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk are principally cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable and installments receivable. Our cash is held in financial institutions, and our cash equivalents are invested in money market mutual funds that we believe to be of high credit quality. At June 30, 2015, our investments in marketable securities consist primarily of investment grade fixed income corporate debt securities with maturities ranging from less than 1 month to 14 months. We diversify our investment portfolio by investing in multiple types of investment-grade securities and attempt to mitigate a risk of loss by using a third-party investment manager.

Concentration of credit risk with respect to receivables is limited to certain customers to which we make substantial sales. To reduce risk, we assess the financial strength of our customers. We do not require collateral or other security in support of our receivables. As of June 30, 2015, one customer receivable balance represented approximately 11% of our total receivables. The balance was collected subsequent to June 30, 2015.

(n) Intangible Assets, Goodwill, Computer Software Developed for Internal Use and Long-Lived Assets

Intangible Assets:

We include in our amortizable intangible assets those intangible assets acquired in our business and asset acquisitions. We amortize acquired intangible assets with finite lives over their estimated economic lives, generally using the straight-line method. Each period, we evaluate the estimated remaining useful lives of acquired intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. Acquired intangibles are removed from the accounts when fully amortized and no longer in use.

Intangible assets consist of the following as of June 30, 2015 and 2014:

	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Effect of currency translation		Net Carrying Amount		Weighted Average Remaining Life (in Years)
	(Dollars in Thousands)
June 30, 2015:
Technology and patents	$	2,596	$	(2,646	)	$	197	$	147		0.4

Total	$	2,596	$	(2,646	)	$	197	$	147		0.4


June 30, 2014:
Technology and patents	$	2,596	$	(1,899	)	$	197	$	894		1.1

Total	$	2,596	$	(1,899	)	$	197	$	894		1.1

Amortization expense for technology and patents is included in operating expenses and amounted to $0.7 million, $0.9 million and $0.7 million in fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Amortization expense is expected to approximate $0.1 million for fiscal 2016.

Goodwill:

During fiscal 2014, we re-aligned our reporting units to reflect our revised operating and reportable segment structure (refer to Note 10). As a result of this re-alignment, goodwill previously assigned to our SMS, training and other reporting unit was combined with goodwill in our license reporting unit, which is currently known as the subscription and software reporting unit. The carrying amount of goodwill of our professional services reporting unit, currently known as the services reporting unit, was zero at June 30, 2015 and 2014 and consisted of gross goodwill of $5.1 million offset by accumulated impairment losses of $(5.1) million as of the end of each period.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for our subscription and software reporting unit during fiscal years ending June 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

	Amount
	(Dollars in Thousands)
Balance as of June 30, 2013:
Goodwill	$	84,701
Accumulated impairment losses		(65,569	)

	$	19,132

Effect of currency translation		144

Balance as of June 30, 2014:
Goodwill	$	84,845
Accumulated impairment losses		(65,569	)

	$	19,276


Effect of currency translation		(1,916	)

Balance as of June 30, 2015:
Goodwill	$	82,929
Accumulated impairment losses		(65,569	)

	$	17,360

We test goodwill for impairment annually (or more often if impairment indicators arise), at the reporting unit level. We first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine based on this assessment that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step requires us to determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount, including goodwill, of such reporting unit. If the fair value exceeds the carrying amount, no impairment loss is recognized. However, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the goodwill of the unit may be impaired. The amount of impairment, if any, is measured based upon the implied fair value of goodwill at the valuation date.

Fair value of a reporting unit is determined using a combined weighted average of a market-based approach (utilizing fair value multiples of comparable publicly traded companies) and an income-based approach (utilizing discounted projected cash flows). In applying the income-based approach, we would be required to make assumptions about the amount and timing of future expected cash flows, growth rates and appropriate discount rates. The amount and timing of future cash flows would be based on our most recent long-term financial projections. The discount rate we would utilize would be determined using estimates of market participant risk-adjusted weighted-average costs of capital and reflect the risks associated with achieving future cash flows.

We have elected December 31st as the annual impairment assessment date and perform additional impairment tests if triggering events occur. We performed our annual impairment test for the subscription and software reporting unit as of December 31, 2014 and, based upon the results of our qualitative assessment, determined that it was not likely that its fair value was less than its carrying amount. As such, we did not perform the two-step goodwill impairment test and did not recognize impairment losses as a result of our analysis. If an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value, goodwill will be evaluated for impairment between annual tests. No triggering events indicating goodwill impairment occurred during fiscal 2015 and 2014.

Computer Software Developed for Internal Use:

Computer software developed for internal use is capitalized in accordance with ASC Topic 350-40, Intangibles Goodwill and Other—Internal Use Software. We capitalize direct labor costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage after determining software technological requirements and obtaining management approval for funding projects probable of completion.

In fiscal 2015, 2014, and 2013, we capitalized direct labor costs of $0.3 million, $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively associated with our development of software for internal use. These costs are included within property, plant and equipment in our consolidated balance sheets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets:

We evaluate our long-lived assets, which include finite-lived intangible assets, property and leasehold improvements for impairment as events and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or a group of assets may not be recoverable. We assess the recoverability of the asset or a group of assets based on the undiscounted future cash flows the asset is expected to generate, and recognize an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset are less than its carrying value. If an asset or a group of assets are deemed to be impaired, the amount of the impairment loss, if any, represents the excess of the asset's or a group of assets' carrying value compared to their estimated fair values.

(o) Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Comprehensive income (loss) and its components for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013 are disclosed in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

As of June 30, 2015, 2014 and 2013, accumulated other comprehensive income is comprised of foreign translation adjustments of $6.5 million, $9.4 million $7.3 million, respectively, and net unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities of less than ($0.1) million, $0.1 million and ($0.1) million, respectively.

(p) Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the vesting period.

(q) Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes are recognized based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the statutory tax rates and laws expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided against net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income and the timing of the temporary differences becoming deductible. Management considers, among other available information, scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, limitations of availability of net operating loss carryforwards, and other matters in making this assessment.

We do not provide deferred taxes on unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries since we intend to indefinitely reinvest either currently or sometime in the foreseeable future. Unrecognized provisions for taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries, which are considered indefinitely reinvested, are not material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations. We are continuously subject to examination by the IRS, as well as various state and foreign jurisdictions. The IRS and other taxing authorities may challenge certain deductions and credits reported by us on our income tax returns. In accordance with provisions of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740), an entity should recognize a tax benefit when it is more-likely-than-not, based on the technical merits, that the position would be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. The amount to be recognized, if the more-likely-than-not threshold was passed, should be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Furthermore, any change in the recognition, de-recognition or measurement of a tax position should be recorded in the period in which the change occurs. We account for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of the provision for (benefit from) income taxes.

(r) Loss Contingencies

We accrue estimated liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation and other sources when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the claim assessment or damages can be reasonably estimated. We believe that we have sufficient accruals to cover any obligations resulting from claims, assessments or litigation that have met these criteria. Refer to Note 8 for discussion of these matters and related liability accruals.

(s) Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are classified as sales and marketing expenses. We incurred advertising expenses of $2.9 million, $2.1 million and $2.9 million during fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We had less than $0.1 million in prepaid advertising costs included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2015 and 2014.

(t) Research and Development Expense

We charge research and development expenditures to expense as the costs are incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses related to the creation of new products, enhancements and engineering changes to existing products and costs of acquired technology prior to establishing technological feasibility.

During fiscal 2015 and 2014, we acquired certain technologies for $3.3 million and $4.9 million, respectively, that we plan to modify and enhance for release as a commercially available product. At the time we acquired the technology, the project to develop a commercially available product did not meet the definition of having reached technological feasibility and as such, the entire cost of the acquired technology was expensed as research and development expense.

(u) Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In fiscal 2015, we adopted ASU 2015-01, Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items, which did not have an impact on our reported financial position or results of operations and cash flows.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU No. 2014-09 was issued by the FASB as a part of the joint project with the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to clarify revenue recognition principles and develop a common revenue standard for the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

ASU No. 2014-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 is not permitted. The amendments included within ASU No. 2014-09 should be applied by using one of the following methods:

Retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented. The entity may elect any of the practical expedients described in ASU No. 2014-09 when applying this method.

Retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying ASU No. 2014-09 recognized at the date of initial application. In the reporting periods that include the date of the initial application of ASU No. 2014-09, the entity should disclose the amount by which each financial statement line item is affected by the application of ASU No. 2014-09 in the current reporting period as compared to the guidance that was in effect before the change.

We will adopt ASU No. 2014-09 during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU No. 2014-09 on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.