Intangible Assets

We include in our amortizable intangible assets those intangible assets acquired in our business and asset acquisitions. We amortize acquired intangible assets with finite lives over their estimated economic lives, generally using the straight-line method. Each period, we evaluate the estimated remaining useful lives of acquired intangible assets to determine whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. Acquired intangibles are removed from the accounts when fully amortized and no longer in use.

Intangible assets consisted of the following as of December 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018:



	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Effect of Currency Translation			Net Carrying Amount
	(Dollars in Thousands)
December 31, 2018:
Technology and patents	$	35,644	$	(7,002	)	$	(108	)	$	28,534
Customer relationships	4,979		(688		)	(90		)	4,201
Non-compete agreements	553		(399		)	—			154
Total	$	41,176	$	(8,089	)	$	(198	)	$	32,889
June 30, 2018:
Technology and patents	$	35,898	$	(5,182	)	$	(254	)	$	30,462
Customer relationships	5,181		(377		)	(202		)	4,602
Non-compete agreements	553		(307		)	—			246
Total	$	41,632	$	(5,866	)	$	(456	)	$	35,310

Total amortization expense related to intangible assets is included in cost of license revenue and operating expenses and amounted to approximately $1.2 million and $2.2 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, respectively, and approximately $0.5 million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively.

Future amortization expense as of December 31, 2018 is expected to be as follows:



Year Ended June 30,	Amortization Expense
	(Dollars in Thousands)
2019	$	2,309
2020	4,688
2021	4,733
2022	4,672
2023	4,587
Thereafter	11,900
Total	$	32,889