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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
 
The effective tax rate for the periods presented was primarily the result of income earned in the U.S., taxed at U.S. federal and state statutory income tax rates, income earned in foreign tax jurisdictions taxed at the applicable rates, as well as the impact of permanent differences between book and tax income.
 
On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law Public Law No. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), following its passage by the United States Congress. The Tax Act will make significant changes to U.S. federal income tax laws, including reduction of the corporate tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%, limitation of the tax deduction for interest expense to 30.0% of earnings (except for certain small businesses), limitation of the deduction for net operating losses to 80.0% of current year taxable income and elimination of net operating loss carrybacks, one time taxation of offshore earnings at reduced rates regardless of whether they are repatriated, elimination of U.S. tax on foreign earnings (subject to certain important exceptions), immediate deductions for certain new investments instead of deductions for depreciation expense over time, and modifying or repealing many business deductions.

As a result of the Tax Act, we have revised our estimated annual effective rate to reflect a change in the federal statutory rate from 35.0% to 21.0%. The rate change is administratively effective as of January 1, 2018. As a result, the blended statutory tax rate for our fiscal year is 28.1%.

Our effective tax rate was 28.2% and 30.4% for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively, and 33.9% and 35.0% for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, respectively. Our effective tax rate decreased for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 compared to the same periods in 2016 due to a reduction in the federal corporate tax rate from 35.0% to the blended rate of 28.1%, partially offset by a discrete tax expense of $4.3 million due to the revaluation of the net deferred tax assets as of the enactment date of the Tax Act on December 22, 2017 due to the reduction in the tax rate. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our income tax expense was driven primarily by pre-tax profitability in our domestic and foreign operations and the impact of permanent items. The permanent items are predominantly a U.S. domestic production activity deduction and tax credits for research expenditures.

The Tax Act has several significant changes that impacts all taxpayers, including a transition tax, which is a one-time tax charge on accumulated, undistributed foreign earnings. The calculation of accumulated foreign earnings requires an analysis of each foreign entity’s financial results going back to 1986. We are currently estimating that we will not be subject to the transition tax associated with our accumulated, undistributed foreign earnings. We will continue to evaluate this area and expect to finalize our conclusions by the end of fiscal 2018.

We adopted ASU No. 2016-09 effective July 1, 2017. As a result of adopting the new standard, excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation are now reflected in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of the provision for income taxes, whereas they were previously a component of stockholders’ deficit. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 resulted in a decrease in our provision for income taxes of $0.4 million and $1.0 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively. This represents a decrease in our effective tax rate of approximately 1.0 percentage point for both the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, due to the recognition of excess tax benefits for options exercised and the vesting of equity awards.

Deferred income taxes are recognized based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the statutory tax rates and laws expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided against net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income and the timing of the temporary differences becoming deductible.  Management considers, among other available information, scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, limitations of availability of net operating loss carryforwards, and other matters in making this assessment.

We do not provide deferred taxes on unremitted earnings of our foreign subsidiaries as we intend to indefinitely reinvest those earnings.  We are also estimating that the transition tax on any undistributed earnings that existed as of December 31, 2017 will be zero.