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Income Taxes (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Reconciliation of effective tax rate to the U.S. federal statutory tax rate
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:
 
Three months ended June 30,

Six months ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
U.S. federal statutory tax rate
21.0
 %
 
21.0
 %
 
21.0
 %
 
21.0
 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit
1.7

 
1.0

 
1.0

 
(0.3
)
Non-U.S. income taxed at different rates
0.7

 
(3.5
)
 
1.0

 
0.3

Reduction in tax benefit related to stock-based awards
(1.1
)
 
6.5

 
(1.8
)
 
(1.5
)
Non-deductible expenses

 
(9.5
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(9.3
)
Research and development credit
0.4

 
(3.9
)
 
0.6

 
0.6

Increase in valuation allowance
(20.7
)
 
(42.2
)
 
(17.9
)
 
(36.0
)
Other
(0.4
)
 

 
(0.3
)
 

Effective income tax rate
1.6
 %
 
(30.6
)%
 
3.3
 %
 
(25.2
)%