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Convertible Preferred Stock and Stock Warrants
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2013
Warrants and Rights Note Disclosure [Abstract]  
Convertible Preferred Stock and Stock Warrants
Convertible Preferred Stock and Stock Warrants
In August 2009, the Company sold 16,000 units (the “Units”), consisting of preferred stock and warrants for $1,000 per Unit. Each Unit consisted of one share of Series A cumulative convertible preferred stock (“Convertible Preferred Stock”), detachable warrants to purchase up to 155 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $2.31 per share (“Exercisable Warrants”) and detachable contingent warrants to purchase up to 500 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $2.45 per share (“Contingent Warrants”).
The gross proceeds from issuance of the Units were allocated, at the date of the transaction, based upon the preferred stock and warrants relative fair values. The Company obtained third-party valuations to assist in quantifying the relative fair value of the Unit's debt and equity components. The fair value of the warrants was determined with the Black-Scholes option-pricing model assuming a five-year term, a volatility rate of 54%, a risk-free rate of return of 2.7%, and an assumed dividend rate of zero. The fair value of the preferred stock component was determined based upon a valuation of the beneficial conversion right and the host contract. The fair value of the beneficial conversion right was estimated based upon a Monte Carlo simulation of the Company’s possible future stock price to assess the likelihood of conversion. Due to a lack of comparable transactions by companies with similar credit ratings, the value of the host contract was determined by applying a risk-adjusted rate of return to the annual dividend. At the date of the transaction, the Company recorded approximately 68% of the proceeds or $10.8 million (net of the discount recognized upon the allocation of proceeds to the detachable warrants) as preferred stock in stockholders' equity. The fair value of the detachable warrants was assessed at $5.2 million and recorded as a warrant liability. The Company determined that the conversion option embedded within the preferred stock had intrinsic value beneficial to the holders of the preferred stock. The intrinsic value was determined to be $5.2 million and was recorded as a beneficial conversion discount with an offset to additional paid-in capital at the date of the transaction. The preferred stock conversion period was estimated to be thirty-six months based upon an evaluation of the conversion options.
Preferred Stock
Each share of Convertible Preferred Stock was convertible at any time, at the holder’s option, into 434.782 shares of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate represented an equivalent conversion price of approximately $2.30 per share of common stock.
Each share of Convertible Preferred Stock had a liquidation preference of $1,000. Dividends accrued at a rate of 15% of the liquidation preference per year and accumulated, if not paid quarterly. Subsequent to February 11, 2010, the Company had the ability to convert the preferred shares into common shares if the closing price of the common stock met certain price criteria. In the event any Convertible Preferred Stock was converted, the Company was obligated to pay an amount, in cash or common stock, equal to eight quarterly dividend payments less any dividends previously paid.
On January 6, 2011, the Company paid all accumulated and unpaid dividends on the outstanding shares of Convertible Preferred Stock in shares of the Company’s common stock. The payment, at an annual rate of 15% of the liquidation preference, covered the period from issuance, August 12, 2009, through December 31, 2010. Dividends per share were paid in shares of commons stock valued at $4.81, based upon the prior ten business day volume-weighted average price per share. Fractional shares were paid in cash.
On February 4, 2011, the Company exercised its contractual right to mandatorily convert all outstanding shares of Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of common stock at the prevailing conversion rate of 434.782 shares of common stock for each share of preferred stock. The Company issued 4,871,719 shares of common stock for preferred share conversions during 2011, including those mandatorily converted. Holders of preferred shares subject to mandatory conversion were entitled to eight quarterly dividend payments. On February 4, 2011, dividends per share of $91.67 were paid in shares of common stock valued at $6.63, based upon the prior ten business day volume-weighted average price per share. Fractional shares were paid in cash.
Stock Warrants
Exercisable Warrants were exercisable upon issuance and expire August 12, 2014, if not exercised. Contingent Warrants became exercisable on November 9, 2009, and expire November 9, 2014, if not exercised. Prior to June 14, 2012, the warrants contained anti-dilution price protection in the event the Company issued shares of common stock or securities exercisable for, or convertible into, common stock at a price per share less than the warrants’ exercise price. In accordance with these contractual anti-dilution price adjustment provisions, the warrants were re-priced as a result of a payment of a portion of the initial and deferred commitment fees related to the Company’s term loan with common stock on March 31, 2010 and September 30, 2010.
Due to the anti-dilution price adjustment provisions established at the issuance date, the warrants were deemed to be a liability and were recorded at fair value at the date of issuance. The warrant liability was adjusted to fair value at the end of each reporting period through the statement of operations during the period the anti-dilution price adjustment provisions were in effect. On June 14, 2012, contractual provisions within the Company’s Exercisable and Contingent Warrant agreements were modified to eliminate the anti-dilution price adjustment provisions of the warrants and remove the cash settlement provisions in the event of a change of control. The amended warrants now qualify to be classified as equity. Accordingly, the Company revalued the warrants as of June 14, 2012, the date of contractual amendment. The change in fair value of the warrant liability compared to the fair value on December 31, 2011, $2.6 million, was recognized in income during 2012. The revalued warrant liability of $14.0 million was reclassified to additional-paid-in-capital on June 14, 2012. There will no longer be fair value adjustments as long as the warrants continue to meet the criteria for equity classification.
The Company used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of the warrant liability for each reporting period. On June 14, 2012, the date the warrants were amended, inputs into the fair value calculation included the actual remaining term of the warrants, a volatility rate of 58.1%, a risk-free rate of return of 0.36%, and an assumed dividend rate of zero.
At September 30, 2013, Exercisable and Contingent Warrants to purchase up to 1,277,250 shares of common stock at $1.21 per share remain outstanding.