Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Statement of Income


(Unaudited) (Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)
  
For the three months ended
 
 
For the nine months ended
 
  
  
            July 31,
2023
 
 
            April 30,
2023
 
  
            July 31,
2022
 
 
            July 31,
2023
 
 
            July 31,
2022
 
Interest, Dividend and Fee Income
                                           
Loans
  
$
10,693
 
   $ 10,005      $ 5,311    
$
28,892
 
   $ 13,589  
Securities (Notes 2 and 12)
  
 
3,099
 
     2,895        1,505    
 
8,132
 
     3,824  
Deposits with banks
  
 
1,029
 
     882        228    
 
2,950
 
     360  
    
 
14,821
 
     13,782        7,044    
 
39,974
 
     17,773  
Interest Expense
                                           
Deposits
  
 
7,102
 
     6,262        1,743    
 
18,647
 
     3,302  
Subordinated debt
  
 
109
 
     103        57    
 
313
 
     153  
Other liabilities
  
 
2,705
 
     2,603        1,047    
 
7,274
 
     2,200  
    
 
9,916
 
     8,968        2,847    
 
26,234
 
     5,655  
Net Interest Income
  
 
4,905
 
     4,814        4,197    
 
13,740
 
     12,118  
Non-Interest
Revenue
                                           
Securities commissions and fees
  
 
253
 
     258        262    
 
774
 
     825  
Deposit and payment service charges
  
 
404
 
     395        338    
 
1,115
 
     999  
Trading revenues (Note 12)
  
 
400
 
     340        (975  
 
(543
)
 
     3,453  
Lending fees
  
 
388
 
     383        351    
 
1,153
 
     1,070  
Card fees
  
 
126
 
     173        131    
 
446
 
     405  
Investment management and custodial fees
  
 
476
 
     462        432    
 
1,377
 
     1,339  
Mutual fund revenues
  
 
316
 
     307        315    
 
936
 
     1,003  
Underwriting and advisory fees
  
 
253
 
     269        220    
 
730
 
     962  
Securities gains, other than trading (Note 2)
  
 
36
 
     36        85    
 
147
 
     309  
Foreign exchange gains, other than trading
  
 
67
 
     59        47    
 
180
 
     128  
Insurance revenue
  
 
166
 
     726        542    
 
2,223
 
     61  
Share of profit in associates and joint ventures
  
 
(2
)
 
     66        99    
 
133
 
     215  
Other
  
 
141
 
     152        55    
 
428
 
     253  
    
 
3,024
 
     3,626        1,902    
 
9,099
 
     11,022  
Total Revenue
  
 
7,929
 
     8,440        6,099    
 
22,839
 
     23,140  
Provision for Credit Losses (Notes 3 and 12)
  
 
492
 
     1,023        136    
 
1,732
 
     87  
Insurance Claims, Commissions and Changes in Policy Benefit Liabilities
  
 
4
 
     591        413    
 
1,788
 
     (314
Non-Interest
Expense
                                           
Employee compensation
  
 
3,065
 
     2,975        2,135    
 
8,606
 
     6,521  
Premises and equipment
  
 
1,216
 
     1,261        918    
 
3,432
 
     2,596  
Amortization of intangible assets
  
 
286
 
     280        151    
 
729
 
     448  
Advertising and business development
  
 
219
 
     195        135    
 
554
 
     356  
Communications
  
 
95
 
     91        67    
 
260
 
     206  
Professional fees
  
 
280
 
     312        182    
 
824
 
     517  
Other
  
 
477
 
     459        271    
 
1,227
 
     774  
    
 
5,638
 
     5,573        3,859    
 
15,632
 
     11,418  
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes
  
 
1,795
 
     1,253        1,691    
 
3,687
 
     11,949  
Provision for income taxes (Note 10)
  
 
341
 
     194        326    
 
927
 
     2,895  
Net Income
  
$
1,454
 
   $ 1,059      $ 1,365    
$
2,760
 
   $ 9,054  
Attributable to:
                                           
Bank shareholders
  
 
1,452
 
     1,056        1,365    
 
2,755
 
     9,054  
Non-controlling
interest in subsidiaries
  
 
2
 
     3        -    
 
5
 
     -  
Net Income
  
$
1,454
 
   $ 1,059      $ 1,365    
$
2,760
 
   $ 9,054  
Earnings Per Common Share (Canadian $) (Note 9)
                                           
Basic
  
$
1.97
 
   $ 1.31      $ 1.96    
$
3.61
 
   $ 13.49  
Diluted
  
 
1.97
 
     1.30        1.95    
 
3.60
 
     13.45  
Dividends per common share
  
 
1.47
 
     1.43        1.39    
 
4.33
 
     4.05  
  The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim consolidated financial
statements.
 
54
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

 

(Unaudited) (Canadian $ in millions)
 
For the three months ended
 
 
For the nine months ended
 
  
 
        July 31,
2023
 
 
        April 30,
2023
 
 
        July 31,
2022
 
 
        July 31,
2023
 
 
        July 31,
2022
 
Net Income
 
$
1,454
 
  $ 1,059     $ 1,365    
$
2,760
 
  $ 9,054  
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of taxes
                                       
Items that may subsequently be reclassified to net income
                                       
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on fair value through OCI debt securities
                                       
Unrealized gains (losses) on fair value through OCI debt securities arising during the period (1)
 
 
4
 
    23       (2  
 
169
 
    (302
Reclassification to earnings of (gains) during the period (2)
 
 
(4
)
    (17     (8  
 
(27
)
    (30
   
 
-
 
    6       (10  
 
142
 
    (332
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges
                                       
Gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges arising during the period (3)
 
 
(1,722
)
 
    (144     546    
 
(742
)
 
        (2,365
Reclassification to earnings/goodwill of (gains) losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
 
during
the period (Note 12) (4)
 
 
334
 
    26       (80  
 
595
 
    (329
   
 
(1,388
)
    (118     466    
 
(147
)
    (2,694
Net gains (losses) on translation of net foreign operations
                                       
Unrealized gains (losses) on translation of net foreign operations
 
 
(1,498
)
    937       (77  
 
(1,411
)
    1,053  
Unrealized gains (losses) on hedges of net foreign operations (5)
 
 
262
 
    (174     (25  
 
111
 
    (217
Reclassification to earnings of net losses related to divestitures (6)
 
 
-
 
    -       -    
 
-
 
    29  
   
 
(1,236
)
    763       (102  
 
(1,300
    865  
Items that will not be reclassified to net income
                                       
Net unrealized gains (losses) on fair value through OCI equity securities arising during the period (7)
 
 
-
 
    -       (1  
 
-
 
    1  
Net gains (losses) on remeasurement of pension and other employee future benefit plans (8)
 
 
48
 
    5       (95  
 
(11
)
    511  
Net gains (losses) on remeasurement of own credit risk on financial liabilities designated at fair value (9)
 
 
(89
)
    174       415    
 
(325
)
    1,019  
     
(41

)
    179       319      
(336

)
    1,531  
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of taxes
 
 
(2,665
)
    830       673    
 
(1,641
)
    (630
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
$
(1,211
)
  $ 1,889     $ 2,038    
$
1,119
 
  $ 8,424  
Attributable to:
                                       
Bank shareholders
 
 
(1,213
)
    1,886       2,038    
 
1,114
 
    8,424  
Non-controlling
interest in subsidiaries
 
 
2
 
    3       -    
 
5
 
    -  
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
$
(1,211
)
  $ 1,889     $ 2,038    
$
1,119
 
  $ 8,424  
 
 (1)
Net of income tax (provision) recovery of $nil million, $(7) million, $
nil
million for the three months ended, and $(55) million, $105 million for the nine months ended, respectively.
 (2)
Net of income tax provision of $2 million, $7 million, $3 million for the three months ended, and $11 million, $11 million for the nine months ended, respectively.
 (3)
Net of income tax (provision) recovery of $635 million, $49 million, $(208) million for the three months ended, and $367 million, $842 million for the nine months ended, respectively.
 (4)
Net of income tax provision (recovery) of $(126) million, $7 million, $29 million for the three months ended, and $(223) million, $119 million for the nine months ended, respectively.
 (5)
Net of income tax (provision) recovery of $(104) million, $67 million, $12 million for the three months ended, and $(96) million, $83 million for the nine months ended, respectively.
 (6)
Net of income tax (provision) of na, na
, na
for the three months ended, and
na
, $
nil
million for the nine months ended, respectively.
 (7)
Net of income tax recovery of $nil million, $
nil
million, $1 million for the three months ended, and $nil million, $
nil
million for the nine months ended, respectively.
 (8)
Net of income tax (provision) recovery of $(19) million, $(2) million, $35 million for the three months ended, and $(19) million, $(185) million for the nine months ended, respectively.
 (9)
Net of income tax (provision) recovery of $42 million, $(67) million, and $(152) million for the three months ended, and $114 million, $(370) million for the nine months ended, respectively.
  The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim consolidated financial
statements.
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
55

Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheet

 

(Unaudited) (Canadian $ in millions)
  
            As at
 
  
  
            July 31,
2023
 
 
            April 30,
2023
 
 
            October 31,
2022
 
Assets
                         
Cash and Cash Equivalents
  
$
81,262
 
   $             68,495     $             87,466  
Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks
  
 
4,658
 
     5,275       5,734  
Securities (Notes 2 and 12)
                         
Trading
  
 
124,600
 
     119,081       108,177  
Fair value through profit or loss
  
 
16,512
 
     16,764       13,641  
Fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
53,831
 
     56,519       43,561  
Debt securities at amortized cost
  
 
115,509
 
     122,102       106,590  
Investments in associates and joint ventures
  
 
1,378
 
     1,490       1,293  
    
 
311,830
 
     315,956       273,262  
Securities Borrowed or Purchased Under Resale Agreements
  
 
113,442
 
     118,575       113,194  
Loans (Notes 3 and 12)
                         
Residential mortgages
  
 
171,863
 
     166,733       148,880  
Consumer instalment and other personal
  
 
103,569
 
     104,357       86,103  
Credit cards
  
 
11,700
 
     11,063       9,663  
Business and government
  
 
347,225
 
     355,972       309,310  
      
634,357
       638,125       553,956  
Allowance for credit losses (Notes 3 and 12)
  
 
(3,520
)
 
     (3,350     (2,617
    
 
630,837
 
     634,775       551,339  
Other Assets
                         
Derivative instruments
  
 
33,153
 
     31,960       48,160  
Customers’ liability under acceptances
  
 
9,554
 
     10,591       13,235  
Premises and equipment
  
 
6,012
 
     6,111       4,841  
Goodwill (Note 12)
  
 
15,913
 
     16,025       5,285  
Intangible assets (Note 12)
  
 
5,121
 
     5,158       2,193  
Current tax assets
  
 
1,925
 
     2,127       1,421  
Deferred tax assets
  
 
2,880
 
     2,369       1,175  
Other
  
 
31,967
 
     33,474       31,894  
    
 
106,525
 
     107,815       108,204  
Total Assets
  
$
1,248,554
 
   $ 1,250,891     $ 1,139,199  
Liabilities and Equity
                         
Deposits (Notes 4 and 12)
  
$
883,569
 
   $ 875,443     $ 769,478  
Other Liabilities
                         
Derivative instruments
  
 
43,276
 
     41,802       59,956  
Acceptances
  
 
9,554
 
     10,591       13,235  
Securities sold but not yet purchased
  
 
46,442
 
     45,302       40,979  
Securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements
  
 
96,149
 
     105,179       103,963  
Securitization and structured entities’ liabilities
  
 
26,667
 
     25,759       27,068  
Other
  
 
60,641
 
     62,535       45,332  
    
 
282,729
 
     291,168       290,533  
Subordinated Debt (Note 4)
  
 
8,062
 
     8,195       8,150  
Total Liabilities
  
$
1,174,360
 
   $ 1,174,806     $ 1,068,161  
Equity
                         
Preferred shares and other equity instruments (Note 5)
  
 
6,958
 
     6,958       6,308  
Common shares (Note 5)
  
 
22,474
 
     22,062       17,744  
Contributed surplus
  
 
330
 
     327       317  
Retained earnings
  
 
44,500
 
     44,143       45,117  
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
  
 
(89
)
     2,576       1,552  
Total shareholders’ equity
  
 
74,173
 
     76,066       71,038  
Non-controlling
interest in subsidiaries (Note 5)
  
 
21
 
     19       -  
Total Equity
  
 
74,194
 
     76,085       71,038  
Total Liabilities and Equity
  
$
1,248,554
 
   $ 1,250,891     $ 1,139,199  
  The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim consolidated financial statements.
 
56
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity


(Unaudited) (Canadian $ in millions)
 
For the three months ended
 
 
For the nine months ended
 
  
 
        July 31,
2023
 
 
        July 31,
2022
 
 
        July 31,
2023
 
 
        July 31,
2022
 
Preferred Shares and Other Equity Instruments (Note 5)
                               
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
6,958
 
  $ 5,708    
$
6,308
 
  $ 5,558  
Issued during the period
 
 
-
 
    500    
 
650
 
    1,250  
Redeemed during the period
 
 
-
 
    (500  
 
-
 
    (1,100
Balance at End of Period
 
 
6,958
 
    5,708    
 
6,958
 
    5,708  
Common Shares (Note 5)
                               
Balance at beginning of period
 
 
22,062
 
    17,038    
 
17,744
 
    13,599  
Issued under the Shareholder Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan
 
 
405
 
    346    
 
1,170
 
    647  
Issued under the Stock Option Plan
 
 
8
 
    12    
 
47
 
    55  
Repurchased for cancellation and/or treasury shares sold/purchased
 
 
(1
)
 
    (4  
 
-
 
    (15
Issued to align capital position with increased regulatory requirements as announced by OSFI (Note 5)
 
 
-
 
    -    
 
3,360
 
    -  
Issued for acquisitions (Notes 5 and 12)
 
 
-
 
    -    
 
153
 
    3,106  
Balance at End of Period
 
 
22,474
 
    17,392    
 
22,474
 
    17,392  
Contributed Surplus
                               
Balance at beginning of period
 
 
327
 
    318    
 
317
 
    313  
Stock option expense, net of options exercised
 
 
2
 
    (3  
 
12
 
    2  
Other
 
 
1
 
    -    
 
1
 
    -  
Balance at End of Period
 
 
330
 
    315    
 
330
 
    315  
Retained Earnings
                               
Balance at beginning of period
 
 
44,143
 
    41,275    
 
45,117
 
    35,497  
Net income attributable to bank shareholders
 
 
1,452
 
    1,365    
 
2,755
 
    9,054  
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions payable on other equity instruments
 
 
(41
)
    (47  
 
(206
)
 
    (154
Dividends on common shares
 
 
(1,054
)
    (938  
 
(3,089
)
    (2,694
Equity issue expense and premium paid on redemption of preferred shares
 
 
-
 
    (2  
 
(73
)
    (50
Net discount on sale of treasury shares
 
 
-
 
    -    
 
(4
)
    -  
Balance at End of Period
 
 
44,500
 
    41,653    
 
44,500
 
    41,653  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) on Fair Value through OCI Securities, net of taxes
                               
Balance at beginning of period
 
 
(217
)
    (149  
 
(359
)
    171  
Unrealized gains (losses) on fair value through OCI debt securities arising during the period
 
 
4
 
    (2  
 
169
 
    (302
Unrealized gains (losses) on fair value through OCI equity securities arising during the period
 
 
-
 
    (1  
 
-
 
    1  
Reclassification to earnings of (gains) during the period
 
 
(4
)
    (8  
 
(27
)
    (30
Balance at End of Period
 
 
(217
)
    (160  
 
(217
)
    (160
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges, net of taxes
                               
Balance at beginning of period
 
 
(3,888
)
    (2,975  
 
(5,129
)
    185  
Gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges arising during the period
 
 
(1,722
)
    546    
 
(742
)
    (2,365
Reclassification to earnings/goodwill of (gains) losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges during the period (Note 12)
 
 
334
 
    (80  
 
595
 
    (329
Balance at End of Period
 
 
(5,276
)
    (2,509  
 
(5,276
)
    (2,509
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Translation of Net Foreign Operations, net of taxes
                               
Balance at beginning of period
 
 
5,104
 
    3,236    
 
5,168
 
    2,269  
Unrealized gains (losses) on translation of net foreign operations
 
 
(1,498
)
    (77  
 
(1,411
)
    1,053  
Unrealized gains (losses) on hedges of net foreign operations
 
 
262
 
    (25  
 
111
 
    (217
Reclassification to earnings of net losses related to divestitures
 
 
-
 
    -    
 
-
 
    29  
Balance at End of Period
 
 
3,868
 
    3,134    
 
3,868
 
    3,134  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Pension and Other Employee Future Benefit Plans, net of taxes
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
 
885
 
    891    
 
944
 
    285  
Gains (losses) on remeasurement of pension and other employee future benefit plans
 
 
48
 
    (95  
 
(11
)
    511  
Balance at End of Period
 
 
933
 
    796    
 
933
 
    796  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Own Credit Risk on Financial Liabilities Designated at Fair Value, net of taxes
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
 
692
 
    250    
 
928
 
    (354
Gains (losses) on remeasurement of own credit risk on financial liabilities designated at fair value
 
 
(89
)
    415    
 
(325
)
    1,019  
Balance at End of Period
 
 
603
 
    665    
 
603
 
    665  
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
(89
)
    1,926    
 
(89
)
    1,926  
Total Shareholders’ Equity
 
 
74,173
 
    66,994    
 
74,173
 
    66,994  
Non-Controlling
Interest in Subsidiaries
                               
Balance at beginning of period
 
 
19
 
    -    
 
-
 
    -  
Acquisition (Note 12)
 
 
-
 
    -    
 
16
 
    -  
Net income attributable to
non-controlling
interest
 
 
2
 
    -    
 
5
 
    -  
Balance at End of Period
 
 
21
 
    -    
 
21
 
    -  
Total Equity
 
$
74,194
 
  $ 66,994    
$
74,194
 
  $ 66,994  
  The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim consolidated financial statements.
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
57

Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
 
(Unaudited) (Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)
  
For the three months ended
 
 
For the nine months ended
 
  
  
            July 31,
2023
 
 
            July 31,
2022
 
 
            July 31,
2023
 
 
            July 31,
2022
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
  
 
 
 
Net Income
  
$
1,454
 
   $          1,365    
$
2,760
 
   $          9,054  
Adjustments to determine net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities:
                                  
Securities (gains), other than trading (Note 2)
  
 
(36
)
     (85  
 
(147
)
     (309
Depreciation of premises and equipment
  
 
252
 
     192    
 
724
 
     579  
Depreciation of other assets
  
 
14
 
     24    
 
50
 
     74  
Amortization of intangible assets
  
 
286
 
     151    
 
729
 
     448  
Provision for credit losses (Note 3)
  
 
492
 
     136    
 
1,732
 
     87  
Deferred taxes
  
 
(586
)
 
     (79  
 
(655
)
 
     530  
Net loss on divestitures
  
 
-
 
     -    
 
-
 
     29  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                                  
Net (increase) in trading securities
  
 
(7,607
)
     (10,729  
 
(18,622
)
     (3,983
Change in derivative instruments – (increase) decrease in derivative asset
  
 
(564
)
     4,647    
 
20,820
 
     (4,356
– increase (decrease) in derivative liability
  
 
1,359
 
     2,437    
 
(19,324
)
     11,711  
Net (increase) decrease in current tax asset
  
 
85
 
     (293  
 
(611
)
     137  
Net increase (decrease) in current tax liability
  
 
(31
)
     154    
 
(421
)
     (8
Change in accrued interest – (increase) decrease in interest receivable
  
 
284
 
     (129  
 
(355
)
     (509
– increase in interest payable
  
 
618
 
     380    
 
2,607
 
     490  
Changes in other items and accruals, net
  
 
617
 
     12    
 
3,495
 
     (6,671
Net increase in deposits
  
 
19,164
 
     16,443    
 
35,157
 
     28,736  
Net (increase) in loans
  
 
(4,347
)
     (20,938  
 
(14,203
)
     (58,680
Net increase in securities sold but not yet purchased
  
 
1,980
 
     1,968    
 
6,162
 
     8,896  
Net increase (decrease) in securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements
  
 
(7,088
)
     3,970    
 
(11,734
)
     1,255  
Net (increase) decrease in securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements
  
 
3,242
 
     (1,925  
 
(1,963
)
     255  
Net increase (decrease) in securitization and structured entities’ liabilities
  
 
1,090
 
     333    
 
(170
)
     (667
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
  
 
10,678
 
     (1,966  
 
6,031
 
     (12,902
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
                                  
Net increase (decrease) in liabilities of subsidiaries
  
 
(2,347
)
     3,161    
 
2,456
 
     6,927  
Proceeds from issuance of covered bonds
    
2,916
       3,203      
8,027
       10,486  
Redemption/buyback of covered bonds
  
 
-
 
     (2,252  
 
(8,175
)
     (4,474
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt
  
 
-
 
     -    
 
-
 
     1,587  
Repayment of subordinated debt (Note 4)
  
 
-
 
     (850  
 
-
 
     (850
Proceeds from issuance of preferred shares, net of issuance costs (Note 5)
  
 
-
 
     498    
 
648
 
     1,247  
Redemption of preferred shares (Note 5)
  
 
-
 
     (500  
 
-
 
     (1,100
Net proceeds from issuance of common shares (Note 5)
  
 
6
 
     15    
 
3,324
 
     3,112  
Net purchases of treasury shares
  
 
(1
)
     (4  
 
-
 
     (15
Cash dividends and distributions paid
  
 
(742
)
     (599  
 
(2,047
)
     (1,962
Repayment of lease liabilities
  
 
(92
)
     (79  
 
(259
)
     (215
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
  
 
(260
)
     2,593    
 
3,974
 
     14,743  
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
                                  
Net decrease in interest bearing deposits with banks
  
 
489
 
     376    
 
924
 
     1,281  
Purchases of securities, other than trading
  
 
(7,645
)
     (12,131  
 
(35,096
)
     (78,054
Maturities of securities, other than trading
  
 
5,669
 
     4,545    
 
15,595
 
     16,793  
Proceeds from sales of securities, other than trading
  
 
5,896
 
     6,444    
 
19,318
 
     33,594  
Premises and equipment – net purchases
  
 
(190
)
     (175  
 
(566
)
     (476
Purchased and developed software – net purchases
  
 
(178
)
     (188  
 
(572
)
     (484
Acquisitions (1) (Note 12)
  
 
(155
)
     -    
 
(15,107
)
     -  
Net proceeds from divestitures
  
 
-
 
     -    
 
-
 
     1,226  
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
  
 
3,886
 
     (1,129  
 
(15,504
)
     (26,120
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents
  
 
(1,537
)
     (198  
 
(705
)
     604  
Net increase (decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
  
 
12,767
 
     (700  
 
(6,204
)
     (23,675
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
  
 
68,495
 
     70,286    
 
87,466
 
     93,261  
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
  
$
81,262
 
   $ 69,586    
$
81,262
 
   $ 69,586  
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
                                  
Net cash provided by operating activities includes:
                                  
Interest paid in the period (2)
  
$
9,313
 
   $ 2,445    
$
23,493
 
   $ 5,086  
Income taxes paid in the period
  
$
319
 
   $ 788    
$
2,302
 
   $ 1,779  
Interest received in the period
  
$
14,571
 
   $ 6,519    
$
37,729
 
   $ 16,013  
Dividends received in the period
  
$
698
 
   $ 537    
$
1,777
 
   $ 1,407  
 
 (1)
This amount is net of $63 million and $3,646 million cash and cash equivalents acquired as part of acquisitions for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023. To mitigate changes in the Canadian dollar equivalent of the Bank of the West purchase price on close, we entered into forward contracts, which qualified for hedge accounting.
 (2)
Includes dividends paid on securities sold but not yet purchased.
  The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim consolidated financial statements.
  Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform with the current period’s presentation.
 
58
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
July 31, 2023 (Unaudited)
Note 1: Basis of Presentation
Bank of Montreal (the bank or BMO) is a chartered bank under the
Bank Act (Canada)
and is a public company incorporated in Canada. We are a highly diversified financial services company, providing a broad range of personal and commercial banking, wealth management and investment banking products and services. The bank’s head office is at 129 rue Saint Jacques, Montreal, Quebec. Our executive offices are at 100 King Street West, 1 First Canadian Place, Toronto, Ontario. Our common shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and the New York Stock Exchange.
These condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34,
Interim Financial Reporting
as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) using the same accounting policies as disclosed in our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022, with the addition of purchased loan accounting in Note 3 and
non-controlling
interests, described below, as a result of our acquisition of Bank of the West and its subsidiaries (Bank of the West) in the second quarter. Refer to Note 12 for more details. These condensed interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022. We also comply with interpretations of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by our regulator, the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions of Canada (OSFI). These interim consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on August 29, 2023.
Non-Controlling
Interest in Subsidiaries
Non-controlling
interest in subsidiaries is presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as a separate component of equity that is distinct from our shareholders’ equity. The net income attributable to
non-controlling
interest in subsidiaries is presented separately in our Consolidated Statement of Income.
Interbank Offered Rate (IBOR) Reform
BMO has transitioned all USD LIBOR exposure settings to alternative reference rates. The transition of CDOR settings is in progress, and expected to be completed before June 28, 2024. For additional details regarding interest rate benchmarks, refer to Note 1 of our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.
Use of Estimates and Judgments
The preparation of the interim consolidated financial statements requires management to use estimates and assumptions that affect the carrying amounts of certain assets and liabilities, certain amounts reported in net income and other related disclosures.
The most significant assets and liabilities for which we must make estimates and judgments include the allowance for credit losses; financial instruments measured at fair value; pension and other employee future benefits; impairment of securities; income taxes and deferred tax assets; goodwill and intangible assets; insurance-related liabilities; provisions including legal proceedings and severance charges; transfer of financial assets and consolidation of structured entities. We make judgments in assessing the business model for financial assets as well as whether substantially all risks and rewards have been transferred in respect of transfers of financial assets and whether we control structured entities. If actual results were to differ from the estimates, the impact would be recorded in future periods.
The economic outlook is subject to several risks that could lead to a more severe contraction of the North American economy, including persistent high inflation leading to significant further increases in interest rates, potential renewed stress in the U.S. regional banking sector, an escalation of geopolitical risks, and an increase in trade tensions between the U.S. and China. The impact on our business, results of operations, reputation, financial performance and condition, including the potential for credit, counterparty and
mark-to-market
losses, our credit ratings and regulatory capital and liquidity ratios, as well as impacts to our customers and competitors, will depend on future developments, which remain uncertain. By their very nature, the judgments and estimates we make for the purposes of preparing our consolidated financial statements relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. However, we have detailed policies and internal controls that are intended to ensure the judgments made in estimating these amounts are well controlled and independently reviewed, and that our policies are consistently applied from period to period. We believe that our estimates of the value of our assets and liabilities are appropriate as at July 31, 2023.
Allowance for Credit Losses
As detailed further in Note 1 of our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022, the allowance for credit losses (ACL) consists of allowances on impaired loans, which represent estimated losses related to impaired loans in the portfolio provided for but not yet written off, and allowances on performing loans, which is our best estimate of impairment in the existing portfolio for loans that have not yet been individually identified as impaired.
The expected credit loss (ECL) model requires the recognition of credit losses generally based on 12 months of expected losses for performing loans and the recognition of lifetime losses on performing loans that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk since origination.
The determination of a significant increase in credit risk takes into account many different factors and varies by product and risk segment. The bank’s methodology for determining significant increase in credit risk is based on the change in probability of default between origination, and reporting date, assessed using probability-weighted scenarios as well as certain other criteria, such as
30-day
past due and watchlist status. The assessment of a significant increase in credit risk requires experienced credit judgment.
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
59

In determining whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk and in calculating the amount of expected credit losses, we must rely on estimates and exercise judgment regarding matters for which the ultimate outcome is unknown. These judgments include changes in circumstances that may cause future assessments of credit risk to be materially different from current assessments, which could require an increase or decrease in the allowance for credit losses. The calculation of expected credit losses includes the explicit incorporation of forecasts of future economic conditions. We have developed models incorporating specific macroeconomic variables that are relevant to each portfolio. Key economic variables for our retail portfolios include primary operating markets of Canada, the United States (U.S.) and regional markets, where considered significant. Forecasts are developed internally by our Economics group, considering external data and our view of future economic conditions. We exercise experienced credit judgment to incorporate multiple economic forecasts, which are probability-weighted, in the determination of the final expected credit loss. The allowance is sensitive to changes in both economic forecasts and the probability-weight assigned to each forecast scenario.
Additional information regarding the allowance for credit losses is included in Note 3.
Acquisition of Bank of the West - Valuation of Assets and Liabilities
Significant judgment and assumptions were used to determine the fair value of the Bank of the West assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including the loan portfolio, core-deposit and other relationship intangible assets and fixed-maturity deposits.
For loans, the determination of fair value involved estimating the cash flows which are expected to be received on all purchased loans and discounting these back to their present value. We estimated expected cash flows based on models that incorporate management’s best estimate of current key assumptions such as default rates, loss severity, timing of prepayments and collateral. In determining the discount rate, we considered various factors, including our cost to raise funds in the current market, the risk premium associated with the loans and the cost to service the portfolios.
For core-deposit intangible assets, fair value was determined using a discounted cash flow approach, comparing the present value of the cost to maintain the acquired deposits and to the cost of alternative funding. The present value of the cost to maintain the acquired deposits includes an estimate of future interest costs and operating expenses for the core deposits acquired. Core deposits are those that we considered to be a stable, below-market sources of funding. Deposit
run-off
was estimated using historical attrition data, comparing this to market sources at the date of acquisition.
We calculated the fair value of wealth management and credit card customer relationships acquired based on the excess of estimated future cash inflows (i.e. revenue from the acquired relationships) over the related estimated cash outflows (i.e. operating costs and contributory asset charges) over the estimated useful life of the customer base.
The determination of the fair value of fixed-maturity deposits involved estimating the cash flows to be paid and discounting these back to their present value. The timing and amount of cash flows include significant management judgment regarding the likelihood of early redemption and the timing of withdrawal by the customer. Discount rates were based on the prevailing rates we were paying on similar deposits at the date of acquisition.
The fair value of all other assets and liabilities, including real estate properties, was calculated using market data where possible, as well as management judgment to determine the price that would be obtained in an arms-length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties.
Additional information regarding the accounting for the acquisition is included in Note 3 and Note 12.
Future Changes in IFRS
Insurance Contracts
IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (IFRS 17) will be effective for our fiscal year beginning November 1, 2023 and replaces the existing IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts (IFRS 4) standard. The new standard changes the fundamental principles used to recognize and measure insurance contracts, including life insurance contracts, reinsurance contracts and investment contracts with discretionary participation features. IFRS 17 requires us to measure groups of contracts based on our estimates of the present value of future cash flows that are expected to arise as we fulfill the contracts, an explicit risk adjustment for insurance-specific risk and a contractual service margin (CSM) which represents unearned profits. The CSM component of the insurance contract liability will be amortized into income as services/insurance coverage is provided. Groups of onerous contracts that experience losses record these losses in income immediately.
 
In July 2023, OSFI released regulatory guidance to allow the inclusion of the CSM in calculating CET1 capital and related ratios. We do not expect a material impact to the bank’s capital ratios resulting from transition to IFRS 17. 
The discount rate we use under IFRS 4 is related to the net yield of the assets held to support insurance contract liabilities. Under IFRS 17, the discount rate will reflect the characteristics of the insurance contract liabilities. We have elected the accounting policy choice under IFRS 17 to recognize changes in the discount rate on insurance contract liabilities, through the Consolidated Statement of Income.
On transition, we are required to apply a full retrospective approach where we restate prior periods as if we had always applied IFRS 17, unless impracticable, in which case we will apply either a modified retrospective approach where we apply specific modifications to the full retrospective application, or a full fair value method where we measure the contracts at fair value to determine a value for the CSM. We have substantially completed our assessment of IFRS 17 and will apply the full retrospective approach to our creditor business and the fair value method to all other
products.
 
60
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

Note 2: Securities
Classification of Securities
The bank’s fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) securities of $16,512 million ($13,641 million as at October 31, 2022) are comprised of $6,417 million mandatorily measured at fair value and $10,095 million investment securities held by insurance subsidiaries designated at fair value ($4,410 million and $9,231 million, respectively, as at October 31, 2022).
Our fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) securities totalling $53,831 million ($43,561 million as at October 31, 2022), are net of an allowance for credit losses of $3 million ($3 million as at October 31, 2022).
Amortized cost securities totalling $115,509 million ($106,590 million as at October 31, 2022), are net of an allowance for credit losses of $3 million ($3 million as at October 31, 2022).
Amortized Cost Securities
The following table summarizes the carrying value and fair value for amortized cost debt securities:
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
  
July 31, 2023
     October 31, 2022  
     
Carrying value
    
Fair value
     Carrying value      Fair value  
Issued or guaranteed by:
                                   
Canadian federal government
  
 
5,785
 
  
 
5,779
 
     7,136        7,129  
Canadian provincial and municipal governments
  
 
4,906
 
  
 
4,915
 
     5,588        5,583  
U.S. federal government
  
 
55,285
 
  
 
50,119
 
     59,245        51,717  
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies
  
 
182
 
  
 
178
 
     109        105  
Other governments
  
 
1,096
 
  
 
1,091
 
     1,387        1,377  
NHA MBS, U.S. agency MBS and CMO (1)
  
 
46,552
 
  
 
42,124
 
     31,013        26,864  
Corporate debt
  
 
1,703
 
  
 
1,654
 
     2,112        2,057  
Total
  
 
115,509
 
  
 
105,860
 
     106,590        94,832  
 
 (1)
These amounts are either supported by insured mortgages or issued by U.S. agencies and government-sponsored enterprises. NHA refers to the National Housing Act, MBS refers to mortgage-backed securities and CMO refers to collateralized mortgage obligations.
  The carrying value of securities that are part of fair value hedging relationships are adjusted for related gains (losses) on hedge contracts.
Unrealized Gains and Losses on FVOCI Securities
The following table summarizes the unrealized gains and losses:
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
  
July 31, 2023
     October 31, 2022  
     
Cost/
Amortized
cost
    
Gross
unrealized
gains
    
Gross
unrealized
losses
    
Fair value
     Cost/
Amortized
cost
     Gross
unrealized
gains
     Gross
unrealized
losses
     Fair value  
Issued or guaranteed by:
                                                                       
Canadian federal government
  
 
16,335
 
  
 
11
 
  
 
396
 
  
 
15,950
 
     12,498        11        208        12,301  
Canadian provincial and municipal governments
  
 
4,469
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
170
 
  
 
4,299
 
     4,724        6        159        4,571  
U.S. federal government
  
 
4,064
 
  
 
15
 
  
 
204
 
  
 
3,875
 
     3,403        -        293        3,110  
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies
  
 
5,315
 
  
 
8
 
  
 
106
 
  
 
5,217
 
     3,863        5        154        3,714  
Other governments
  
 
7,007
 
  
 
5
 
  
 
93
 
  
 
6,919
 
     6,532        4        125        6,411  
NHA MBS, U.S. agency MBS and CMO
  
 
14,464
 
  
 
8
 
  
 
333
 
  
 
14,139
 
     9,572        13        317        9,268  
Corporate debt
  
 
3,393
 
  
 
4
 
  
 
124
 
  
 
3,273
 
     4,203        25        195        4,033  
Corporate equity
  
 
129
 
  
 
30
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
159
 
     122        31        -        153  
Total
  
 
55,176
 
  
 
81
 
  
 
1,426
 
  
 
53,831
 
     44,917        95        1,451        43,561  
  Unrealized gains (losses) may be offset by related (losses) gains on hedge contracts.
Interest Income on Debt Securities
The following table presents interest income calculated using the effective interest method:

 
(Canadian $ in millions)
  
For the three months ended
 
 
For the nine months ended
 
  
  
July 31, 2023
 
  
July 31, 2022
 
 
July 31, 2023
 
  
July 31, 2022
 
FVOCI
  
 
689
 
     153     
 
1,812
 
     343  
 
Amortized cost
  
 
991
 
     365     
 
2,406
 
     837  
Total
  
 
1,680
 
     518     
 
4,218
 
     1,180  
Non-Interest
Revenue
Net gains and losses from securities, excluding gains and losses on trading securities, have been included in our Consolidated Statement of Income as follows:

 
(Canadian $ in millions)
  
For the three months ended
 
 
For the nine months ended
 
  
  
July 31, 2023
 
  
July 31, 2022
 
 
July 31, 2023
 
  
July 31, 2022
 
FVTPL securities
  
 
34
 
     75    
 
111
 
     272  
FVOCI securities - net realized gains (1)
  
 
2
 
     12    
 
36
 
     39  
Impairment loss
  
 
-
 
     (2  
 
-
 
     (2
Securities gains, other than trading
  
 
36
 
     85    
 
147
 
     309  
 
 (1)
Gains are net of (losses) on hedge contracts.
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
61

Interest and dividend income and gains (losses) on securities held in our Insurance business are recorded in
non-interest
revenue, insurance revenue, in our Consolidated Statement of Income. These include:
 
Interest and dividend income of $117 million and $334 million for the three months and nine months ended July 31, 2023, respectively ($103 million and $293 million for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2022, respectively). Interest income is calculated using the effective interest method;
 
Gains (losses) from securities designated as FVTPL of $(280) million and $329 million for the three months and nine months ended July 31, 2023, respectively ($51 million and $(1,303) million for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2022, respectively); and
 
Realized gains from FVOCI securities were $nil million and $1 million for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023, respectively ($nil million for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2022, respectively).
 
 
Note 3: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
Purchased Loans
Purchased loans are initially measured at fair value and identified as either purchased performing loans (those that continued to make timely principal and interest payments), or purchased credit impaired loans (those for which the timely collection of interest and principal is no longer reasonably assured). These loans are subsequently measured at amortized cost or fair value, depending on the business model.
Purchased Performing Loans
For loans with fixed terms, the fair value mark is amortized into net interest income over the expected life of the loan using the effective interest method. For loans with revolving terms, the fair value mark is amortized into net interest income on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the loans. As loans are repaid, the remaining unamortized fair value mark related to those loans is recorded in net interest income in the period the loan is repaid. All purchased performing loans were initially recorded in Stage 1 for purposes of determining expected credit losses.
On February 1, 2023, we recognized purchased performing loans with a fair value of $76,068 million. Fair value reflected estimates of expected future credit losses at the acquisition date of $1,047 million as well as interest rate premiums or discounts relative to prevailing market rates. Gross contractual receivables amounted to $78,931 million. As at July 31, 2023, purchased performing loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheet totalled $63,536 million, including a remaining fair value mark of $(2,394) million.
Purchased Credit Impaired (PCI) Loans
We regularly
re-evaluate
what we expect to collect on the purchased credit impaired loans. Increases in expected cash flows result in a recovery of the provision for credit losses and either a reduction in any previously recorded allowance for credit losses or, if no allowance exists, an increase in the current carrying value of the purchased loans. Decreases in expected cash flows result in a charge to the provision for credit losses and an increase to the allowance for credit losses. We record interest income using the effective interest method over the expected life of the loan. PCI loans are presented within Stage 3.
On February 1, 2023, we recognized purchased credit impaired loans with a total fair value of $415 million, including a fair value mark of $(168) million.
The following table provides further details of the acquired Bank of the West PCI loans:
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
  
July 31, 2023
    April 30, 2023  
     
Total
    Total  
Unpaid principal balance (1)
  
 
369
 
    491  
Fair value adjustment
  
 
(121
    (152
Carrying value
  
 
248
 
    339  
Stage 3 allowance
  
 
20
 
    2  
Carrying value net of related allowance
  
 
268
 
    341  
 
 (1)
Excludes loans that were fully written off prior to acquisition date.
Commitments and Letters of Credit Acquired
As part of our acquisition of Bank of the West, we recorded a liability related to unfunded commitments and letters of credit. The total fair value mark associated with unfunded commitments and letters of credit is amortized into net interest income on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the acquired commitments. All purchased commitments and letters of credit were initially included in Stage 1 for purposes of determining expected credit losses. ECL is recorded on these commitments in normal course.
On February 1, 2023 we recorded a fair value mark on unfunded commitments and letters of credit of $(37) million in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As at July 31, 2023, the remaining fair value mark
on
these commitments was $(31) million.
 
62
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

Credit Risk Exposure
The following table sets out our credit risk exposure for all loans carried at amortized cost, FVOCI or FVTPL as at July 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022. Stage 1 represents those performing loans carried with up to a
12-month
expected credit loss, Stage 2 represents those performing loans carried with a lifetime expected credit loss, and Stage 3 represents those loans with a lifetime expected credit loss that are credit impaired.
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
  
July 31, 2023
     October 31, 2022  
     
Stage 1
    
Stage 2
    
Stage 3 
(1)
    
Total
     Stage 1      Stage 2      Stage 3      Total  
Loans: Residential mortgages
                                                                       
Exceptionally low
  
 
            3
 
  
 
            -
 
  
 
            -
 
  
 
            3
 
     7        -        -        7  
Very low
  
 
83,187
 
  
 
342
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
83,529
 
     94,743        81        -        94,824  
Low
  
 
49,613
 
  
 
10,981
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
60,594
 
     31,617        3,134        -        34,751  
Medium
  
 
5,647
 
  
 
5,196
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
10,843
 
     13,474        3,871        -        17,345  
High
  
 
213
 
  
 
1,899
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
2,112
 
     138        341        -        479  
Not rated (2)
  
 
14,268
 
  
 
133
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
14,401
 
     1,126        53        -        1,179  
Impaired
  
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
381
 
  
 
381
 
     -        -        295        295  
Gross residential mortgages
  
 
152,931
 
  
 
18,551
 
  
 
381
 
  
 
171,863
 
     141,105        7,480        295        148,880  
Allowance for credit losses
  
 
78
 
  
 
159
 
  
 
5
 
  
 
242
 
     59        66        10        135  
Carrying amount
  
 
152,853
 
  
 
18,392
 
  
 
376
 
  
 
171,621
 
     141,046        7,414        285        148,745  
Loans: Consumer instalment and other personal
                                                                       
Exceptionally low
  
 
1,471
 
  
 
5
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
1,476
 
     1,792        35        -        1,827  
Very low
  
 
37,897
 
  
 
56
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
37,953
 
     33,554        83        -        33,637  
Low
  
 
21,083
 
  
 
1,079
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
22,162
 
     24,369        1,307        -        25,676  
Medium
  
 
8,265
 
  
 
6,525
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
14,790
 
     13,536        4,633        -        18,169  
High
  
 
696
 
  
 
1,984
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
2,680
 
     873        1,525        -        2,398  
Not rated (2)
  
 
23,769
 
  
 
282
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
24,051
 
     4,052        32        -        4,084  
Impaired
  
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
457
 
  
 
457
 
     -        -        312        312  
Gross consumer instalment and other personal
  
 
93,181
 
  
 
9,931
 
  
 
457
 
  
 
103,569
 
     78,176        7,615        312        86,103  
Allowance for credit losses
  
 
227
 
  
 
380
 
  
 
141
 
  
 
748
 
     101        288        102        491  
Carrying amount
  
 
92,954
 
  
 
9,551
 
  
 
316
 
  
 
102,821
 
     78,075        7,327        210        85,612  
Loans: Credit cards
(3)
                                                                       
Exceptionally low
  
 
1,631
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
1,631
 
     2,920        -        -        2,920  
Very low
  
 
1,898
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
1,899
 
     442        1        -        443  
Low
  
 
1,771
 
  
 
44
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
1,815
 
     1,569        51        -        1,620  
Medium
  
 
3,568
 
  
 
865
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
4,433
 
     2,918        792        -        3,710  
High
  
 
478
 
  
 
699
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
1,177
 
     316        563        -        879  
Not rated (2)
  
 
670
 
  
 
75
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
745
 
     90        1        -        91  
Impaired
  
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
     -        -        -        -  
Gross credit cards
  
 
10,016
 
  
 
1,684
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
11,700
 
     8,255        1,408        -        9,663  
Allowance for credit losses
  
 
116
 
  
 
241
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
357
 
     69        207        -        276  
Carrying amount
  
 
9,900
 
  
 
1,443
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
11,343
 
     8,186        1,201        -        9,387  
Loans: Business and government
(4)
                                                                       
Acceptable
                                                                       
Investment grade
  
 
195,266
 
  
 
4,046
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
199,312
 
     187,245        6,765        -        194,010  
Sub-investment
grade
  
 
119,666
 
  
 
26,260
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
145,926
 
     98,451        22,390        -        120,841  
Watchlist
  
 
918
 
  
 
8,617
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
9,535
 
     -        6,310        -        6,310  
Impaired
  
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
2,006
 
  
 
2,006
 
     -        -        1,384        1,384  
Gross business and government
  
 
315,850
 
  
 
38,923
 
  
 
2,006
 
  
 
356,779
 
     285,696        35,465        1,384        322,545  
Allowance for credit losses
  
 
875
 
  
 
868
 
  
 
430
 
  
 
2,173
 
     608        675        432        1,715  
Carrying amount
  
 
314,975
 
  
 
38,055
 
  
 
1,576
 
  
 
354,606
 
     285,088        34,790        952        320,830  
Gross total loans and acceptances
  
 
571,978
 
  
 
69,089
 
  
 
2,844
 
  
 
643,911
 
     513,232        51,968        1,991        567,191  
Net total loans and acceptances
  
 
570,682
 
  
 
67,441
 
  
 
2,268
 
  
 
640,391
 
     512,395        50,732        1,447        564,574  
Commitments and financial guarantee contracts
                                                                       
Acceptable
                                                                       
Investment grade
  
 
188,120
 
  
 
1,332
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
189,452
 
     182,153        5,134        -        187,287  
Sub-investment
grade
  
 
50,414
 
  
 
13,259
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
63,673
 
     45,920        14,047        -        59,967  
Watchlist
  
 
287
 
  
 
2,821
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
3,108
 
     2        2,176        -        2,178  
Impaired
  
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
310
 
  
 
310
 
     -        -        292        292  
Gross commitments and financial guarantee contracts
  
 
238,821
 
  
 
17,412
 
  
 
310
 
  
 
256,543
 
     228,075        21,357        292        249,724  
Allowance for credit losses
  
 
269
 
  
 
187
 
  
 
10
 
  
 
466
 
     194        174        13        381  
Carrying amount (5)(6)
  
 
238,552
 
  
 
17,225
 
  
 
300
 
  
 
256,077
 
     227,881        21,183        279        249,343  
 
 (1)
Includes Bank of the West PCI loans. As at July 31, 2023, PCI loan balances were $32 million in residential mortgages, $51 million in consumer instalment and other personal loans and $165 million in business and government loans.
 (2)
Includes purchased portfolios and certain cases where an internal risk rating is not assigned. Alternative credit risk assessments, rating methodologies, policies and tools are used to manage credit risk for these portfolios.
 (3)
Credit card loans are immediately written off when principal or interest payments are 180 days past due, and as a result are not reported as impaired in Stage 3.
 (4)
Includes customers’ liability under acceptances.
 (5)
Represents the total contractual amounts of undrawn credit facilities and other
off-balance
sheet exposures, excluding personal lines of credit and credit cards that are unconditionally cancellable at our discretion.
 (6)
Certain commercial borrower commitments are conditional and may include recourse to counterparties.
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
63

Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses recorded in our Consolidated Balance Sheet is maintained at a level we consider adequate to absorb credit-related losses on our loans and other credit instruments. The allowance for credit losses amounted to $3,986 million at July 31, 2023 ($2,998 million as at October 31, 2022) of which
$3,520 million ($2,617 million as at October 31, 2022) was recorded in loans and $466 million ($381 million as at October 31, 2022) was recorded in other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Significant changes in gross balances, including originations, maturities and repayments in the normal course of operations, impact the allowance for credit losses. In addition, the purchased performing loans we acquired in the Bank of the West acquisition were subject to ECL on acquisition date, consistent with the process followed for originated loans. An initial provision for credit losses of $705 million was recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income in the second quarter.
The following tables show the continuity in the loss allowance by product type for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 and July 31, 2022. Transfers represent the amount of ECL that moved between stages during the period, for example, moving from a
12-month
(Stage 1) to lifetime (Stage 2) ECL measurement basis. Net remeasurements represent the ECL impact due to transfers between stages, as well as changes in economic forecasts and credit quality. Model changes include new calculation models or methodologies.
 
64
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

(Canadian $ in millions)
       
For the three months ended
  
July 31, 2023
    July 31, 2022  
     
Stage 1
   
Stage 2
   
Stage 3
 (1)
   
Total
    Stage 1     Stage 2     Stage 3     Total  
Loans: Residential mortgages
                
Balance as at beginning of period
  
 
            77
 
 
 
            133
 
 
 
            8
 
 
 
            218
 
    37       36       16       89  
Transfer to Stage 1
  
 
25
 
 
 
(25
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    9       (8     (1     -  
Transfer to Stage 2
  
 
(4
 
 
7
 
 
 
(3
 
 
-
 
    (1     2       (1     -  
Transfer to Stage 3
  
 
-
 
 
 
(2
 
 
2
 
 
 
-
 
    -       (1     1       -  
Net remeasurement of loss allowance
  
 
(26
 
 
59
 
 
 
9
 
 
 
42
 
    (13     11       1       (1
Loan originations
  
 
8
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
8
 
    9       -       -       9  
Loan purchases
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    -       -       -       -  
Derecognitions and maturities
  
 
(1
 
 
(3
 
 
-
 
 
 
(4
    (1     (2     -       (3
Model changes
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    2       5       -       7  
Total Provision for Credit Losses (PCL) (2)
  
 
2
 
 
 
36
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
46
 
    5       7       -       12  
Write-offs (3)
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(1
 
 
(1
    -       -       (1     (1
Recoveries of previous write-offs
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
2
 
    -       -       3       3  
Foreign exchange and other
  
 
(1
 
 
(2
 
 
(7
 
 
(10
    -       (1     (3     (4
Balance as at end of period
  
 
78
 
 
 
167
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
255
 
    42       42       15       99  
Loans: Consumer instalment and other personal
                
Balance as at beginning of period
  
 
257
 
 
 
364
 
 
 
130
 
 
 
751
 
    106       306       92       504  
Transfer to Stage 1
  
 
66
 
 
 
(63
 
 
(3
 
 
-
 
    54       (52     (2     -  
Transfer to Stage 2
  
 
(15
 
 
27
 
 
 
(12
 
 
-
 
    (8     16       (8     -  
Transfer to Stage 3
  
 
(3
 
 
(27
 
 
30
 
 
 
-
 
    (2     (18     20       -  
Net remeasurement of loss allowance
  
 
(68
 
 
111
 
 
 
86
 
 
 
129
 
    (59     73       29       43  
Loan originations
  
 
17
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
20
 
    24       -       -       24  
Loan purchases
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    -       -       -       -  
Derecognitions and maturities
  
 
(7
 
 
(12
 
 
-
 
 
 
(19
    (4     (9     -       (13
Model changes
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    2       (12     -       (10
Total PCL (2)
  
 
(10
 
 
39
 
 
 
101
 
 
 
130
 
    7       (2     39       44  
Write-offs (3)
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(98
 
 
(98
    -       -       (52     (52
Recoveries of previous write-offs
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
19
 
 
 
19
 
    -       -       20       20  
Foreign exchange and other
  
 
(5
 
 
(3
 
 
(11
 
 
(19
    1       (1     (5     (5
Balance as at end of period
  
 
242
 
 
 
400
 
 
 
141
 
 
 
783
 
    114       303       94       511  
Loans: Credit cards
                
Balance as at beginning of period
  
 
156
 
 
 
270
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
426
 
    98       203       -       301  
Transfer to Stage 1
  
 
41
 
 
 
(41
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    29       (29     -       -  
Transfer to Stage 2
  
 
(12
 
 
12
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    (8     8       -       -  
Transfer to Stage 3
  
 
-
 
 
 
(43
 
 
43
 
 
 
-
 
    -       (27     27       -  
Net remeasurement of loss allowance
  
 
(33
 
 
88
 
 
 
54
 
 
 
109
 
    (18     51       22       55  
Loan originations
  
 
20
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
21
 
    13       -       -       13  
Loan purchases
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    -       -       -       -  
Derecognitions and maturities
  
 
(2
 
 
(6
 
 
-
 
 
 
(8
)
 
    (1     (6     -       (7
Model changes
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    (8     26       -       18  
Total PCL (2)
  
 
14
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
97
 
 
 
122
 
    7       23       49       79  
Write-offs (3)
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(115
 
 
(115
    -       -       (63     (63
Recoveries of previous write-offs
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
28
 
 
 
28
 
    -       -       18       18  
Foreign exchange and other
  
 
(2
 
 
-
 
 
 
(10
 
 
(12
    1       (1     (4     (4
Balance as at end of period
  
 
168
 
 
 
281
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
449
 
    106       225       -       331  
Loans: Business and government
                
Balance as at beginning of period
  
 
1,162
 
 
 
871
 
 
 
405
 
 
 
2,438
 
    736       752       412       1,900  
Transfer to Stage 1
  
 
74
 
 
 
(65
 
 
(9
 
 
-
 
    59       (51     (8     -  
Transfer to Stage 2
  
 
(52
 
 
61
 
 
 
(9
 
 
-
 
    (40     45       (5     -  
Transfer to Stage 3
  
 
(2
 
 
(58
 
 
60
 
 
 
-
 
    (1     (8     9       -  
Net remeasurement of loss allowance
  
 
(94
 
 
236
 
 
 
85
 
 
 
227
 
    39       (7     20       52  
Loan originations
  
 
58
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
58
 
    91       -       -       91  
Loan purchases
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    -       -       -       -  
Derecognitions and maturities
  
 
(27
 
 
(54
 
 
-
 
 
 
(81
    (111     (33     -       (144
Model changes
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    18       (26     -       (8
Total PCL (2)
  
 
(43
 
 
120
 
 
 
127
 
 
 
204
 
    55       (80     16       (9
Write-offs (3)
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(91
 
 
(91
    -       -       (40     (40
Recoveries of previous write-offs
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
10
 
    -       -       8       8  
Foreign exchange and other
  
 
(42
 
 
(4
 
 
(16
 
 
(62
    3       -       (9     (6
Balance as at end of period
  
 
1,077
 
 
 
987
 
 
 
435
 
 
 
2,499
 
    794       672       387       1,853  
Total as at end of period
  
 
1,565
 
 
 
1,835
 
 
 
586
 
 
 
3,986
 
    1,056       1,242       496       2,794  
Comprised of: Loans
  
 
1,296
 
 
 
1,648
 
 
 
576
 
 
 
3,520
 
    835       1,095       482       2,412  
Other credit instruments (4)
  
 
269
 
 
 
187
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
466
 
    221       147       14       382  
 
 (1)
Includes changes in the allowance for PCI loans of $(18) million for the three months ended July 31, 2023. The total amount of expected credit losses at initial recognition on PCI loans was $79 million.
 (2)
Excludes PCL on other assets of $(10) million for the three months ended July 31, 2023 ($10 million for the three months ended July 31, 2022).
 (3)
Generally, we continue to seek recovery on amounts that were written off during the year, unless the loan is sold, we no longer have the right to collect or we have exhausted all reasonable efforts to collect.
 (4)
Other credit instruments, including
off-balance
sheet items, are recorded in other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
65

(Canadian $ in millions)
       
For the nine months ended
  
July 31, 2023
    July 31, 2022  
     
Stage 1
   
Stage 2
   
Stage 3
 (1)
   
Total
    Stage 1     Stage 2     Stage 3     Total  
Loans: Residential mortgages
                
Balance as at beginning of period
  
 
            59
 
 
 
            67
 
 
 
            16
 
 
 
            142
 
    46       40       19       105  
Transfer to Stage 1
  
 
64
 
 
 
(64
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    29       (27     (2     -  
Transfer to Stage 2
  
 
(15
 
 
22
 
 
 
(7
 
 
-
 
    (3     8       (5     -  
Transfer to Stage 3
  
 
(1
 
 
(8
 
 
9
 
 
 
-
 
    -       (5     5       -  
Net remeasurement of loss allowance
  
 
(58
 
 
93
 
 
 
9
 
 
 
44
 
    (51     27       5       (19
Loan originations
  
 
21
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
21
 
    24       -       -       24  
Loan purchases
  
 
31
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
31
 
    -       -       -       -  
Derecognitions and maturities
  
 
(3
 
 
(5
 
 
-
 
 
 
(8
    (4     (6     -       (10
Model changes
  
 
(19
 
 
63
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
44
 
    2       5       -       7  
Total Provision for Credit Losses (PCL) (2)
  
 
20
 
 
 
101
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
132
 
    (3     2       3       2  
Write-offs (3)
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(6
 
 
(6
    -       -       (5     (5
Recoveries of previous write-offs
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
5
 
 
 
5
 
    -       -       6       6  
Foreign exchange and other
  
 
(1
 
 
(1
 
 
(16
 
 
(18
    (1     -       (8     (9
Balance as at end of period
  
 
78
 
 
 
167
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
255
 
    42       42       15       99  
Loans: Consumer instalment and other personal
                
Balance as at beginning of period
  
 
111
 
 
 
304
 
 
 
102
 
 
 
517
 
    128       357       91       576  
Transfer to Stage 1
  
 
193
 
 
 
(185
 
 
(8
 
 
-
 
    183       (176     (7     -  
Transfer to Stage 2
  
 
(40
 
 
72
 
 
 
(32
 
 
-
 
    (30     51       (21     -  
Transfer to Stage 3
  
 
(16
 
 
(71
 
 
87
 
 
 
-
 
    (4     (61     65       -  
Net remeasurement of loss allowance
  
 
(177
 
 
313
 
 
 
209
 
 
 
345
 
    (199     173       62       36  
Loan originations
  
 
44
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
48
 
    60       -       -       60  
Loan purchases
  
 
179
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
179
 
    -       -       -       -  
Derecognitions and maturities
  
 
(20
 
 
(26
 
 
-
 
 
 
(46
    (16     (30     -       (46
Model changes
  
 
(26
 
 
(8
 
 
-
 
 
 
(34
    (9     (13     -       (22
Total PCL (2)
  
 
137
 
 
 
99
 
 
 
256
 
 
 
492
 
    (15     (56     99       28  
Write-offs (3)
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(242
 
 
(242
    -       -       (144     (144
Recoveries of previous write-offs
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
48
 
 
 
48
 
    -       -       59       59  
Foreign exchange and other
  
 
(6
 
 
(3
 
 
(23
 
 
(32
    1       2       (11     (8
Balance as at end of period
  
 
242
 
 
 
400
 
 
 
141
 
 
 
783
 
    114       303       94       511  
Loans: Credit cards
                
Balance as at beginning of period
  
 
115
 
 
 
250
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
365
 
    114       245       -       359  
Transfer to Stage 1
  
 
126
 
 
 
(126
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    114       (114     -       -  
Transfer to Stage 2
  
 
(32
 
 
32
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    (25     25       -       -  
Transfer to Stage 3
  
 
(2
 
 
(116
 
 
118
 
 
 
-
 
    (1     (83     84       -  
Net remeasurement of loss allowance
  
 
(116
 
 
258
 
 
 
135
 
 
 
277
 
    (125     151       48       74  
Loan originations
  
 
59
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
60
 
    38       -       -       38  
Loan purchases
  
 
25
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
25
 
    -       -       -       -  
Derecognitions and maturities
  
 
(5
 
 
(17
 
 
-
 
 
 
(22
    (4     (17     -       (21
Model changes
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
    (6     18       -       12  
Total PCL (2)
  
 
55
 
 
 
32
 
 
 
253
 
 
 
340
 
    (9     (20     132       103  
Write-offs (3)
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(299
 
 
(299
    -       -       (177     (177
Recoveries of previous write-offs
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
70
 
 
 
70
 
    -       -       58       58  
Foreign exchange and other
  
 
(2
 
 
(1
 
 
(24
 
 
(27
    1       -       (13     (12
Balance as at end of period
  
 
168
 
 
 
281
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
449
 
    106       225       -       331  
Loans: Business and government
                
Balance as at beginning of period
  
 
746
 
 
 
789
 
 
 
439
 
 
 
1,974
 
    662       855       401       1,918  
Transfer to Stage 1
  
 
212
 
 
 
(199
 
 
(13
 
 
-
 
    226       (188     (38     -  
Transfer to Stage 2
  
 
(124
 
 
180
 
 
 
(56
 
 
-
 
    (96     147       (51     -  
Transfer to Stage 3
  
 
(19
 
 
(109
 
 
128
 
 
 
-
 
    (1     (40     41       -  
Net remeasurement of loss allowance
  
 
(286
 
 
449
 
 
 
193
 
 
 
356
 
    (266     23       124       (119
Loan originations
  
 
199
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
202
 
    383       -       -       383  
Loan purchases
  
 
470
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
470
 
    -       -       -       -  
Derecognitions and maturities
  
 
(105
)
 
 
 
(147
 
 
-
 
 
 
(252
    (184     (124     -       (308
Model changes
  
 
-
 
 
 
(1
 
 
-
 
 
 
(1
    19       (32     -       (13
Total PCL (2)
  
 
347
 
 
 
176
 
 
 
252
 
 
 
775
 
    81       (214     76       (57
Write-offs (3)
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(234
 
 
(234
    -       -       (96     (96
Recoveries of previous write-offs
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
35
 
 
 
35
 
    -       -       26       26  
Foreign exchange and other
  
 
(16
 
 
22
 
 
 
(57
 
 
(51
    51       31       (20     62  
Balance as at end of period
  
 
1,077
 
 
 
987
 
 
 
435
 
 
 
2,499
 
    794       672       387       1,853  
Total as at end of period
  
 
1,565
 
 
 
1,835
 
 
 
586
 
 
 
3,986
 
    1,056       1,242       496       2,794  
Comprised of: Loans
  
 
1,296
 
 
 
1,648
 
 
 
576
 
 
 
3,520
 
    835       1,095       482       2,412  
Other credit instruments (4)
  
 
269
 
 
 
187
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
466
 
    221       147       14       382  
 
 (1)
Includes changes in the allowance for PCI loans of $(20) million for the nine months ended July 31, 2023. The total amount of expected credit losses at initial recognition on PCI loans was $79 million.
 (2)
Excludes PCL on other assets of $(7) million for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 ($11 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2022).
 (3)
Generally, we continue to seek recovery on amounts that were written off during the year, unless the loan is sold, we no longer have the right to collect or we have exhausted all reasonable efforts to collect.
 (4)
Other credit instruments, including
off-balance
sheet items, are recorded in other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
 
66
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

Loans and allowance for credit losses by geographic region as at July 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022 are as follows:
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
 
July 31, 2023
    October 31, 2022  
    
Gross
amount
   
Allowance for credit losses
on impaired loans
(2)
   
Allowance for credit losses
on performing loans
(3)
   
Net
amount
    Gross
amount
    Allowance for credit losses
on impaired loans (2)
    Allowance for credit losses
on performing loans (3)
    Net
amount
 
By geographic region (1):
                                                               
Canada
 
 
359,509
 
 
 
412
 
 
 
1,247
 
 
 
357,850
 
    342,430       363       1,102       340,965  
United States
 
 
264,006
 
 
 
164
 
 
 
1,677
 
 
 
262,165
 
    200,439       176       959       199,304  
Other countries
 
 
10,842
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
20
 
 
 
10,822
 
    11,087       5       12       11,070  
Total
 
 
634,357
 
 
 
576
 
 
 
2,944
 
 
 
630,837
 
    553,956       544       2,073       551,339  
 
 (1)
Geographic region is based upon the country of ultimate risk.
 (2)
Excludes allowance for credit losses on impaired loans of $10 million for other credit instruments, which is included in other liabilities ($13 million as at October 31, 2022).
 (3)
Excludes allowance for credit losses on performing loans of $456 million for other credit instruments, which is included in other liabilities ($368 million as at October 31, 2022).
Impaired (Stage 3) loans, including the related allowances, as at July 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022 are as follows:
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
               
July 31, 2023
                  October 31, 2022  
    
Gross impaired
amount
   
Allowance for credit losses on
impaired loans
(3)
   
Net impaired
amount
    Gross impaired
amount
    Allowance for credit losses
on impaired loans (3)
    Net impaired
amount
 
Residential mortgages
 
 
381
 
 
 
5
 
 
 
376
 
    295       10       285  
Consumer instalment and other personal
 
 
457
 
 
 
141
 
 
 
316
 
    312       102       210  
Business and government (1)
 
 
2,006
 
 
 
430
 
 
 
1,576
 
    1,384       432       952  
Total
 
 
2,844
 
 
 
576
 
 
 
2,268
 
    1,991       544       1,447  
By geographic region (2):
                                               
Canada
 
 
1,360
 
 
 
412
 
 
 
948
 
    1,158       363       795  
United States
 
 
1,479
 
 
 
164
 
 
 
1,315
 
    820       176       644  
Other countries
 
 
5
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
5
 
    13       5       8  
Total
 
 
2,844
 
 
 
576
 
 
 
2,268
 
    1,991       544       1,447  
 
 (1)
Includes customers’ liability under acceptances.
 (2)
Geographic region is based upon the country of ultimate risk.
 (3)
Excludes allowance for credit losses on impaired loans of $10 million for other credit instruments, which is included in other liabilities ($13 million as at October 31, 2022).
Loans Past Due Not Impaired
Loans that are past due but not classified as impaired are loans where our customers have failed to make payments when contractually due but for which we expect the full amount of principal and interest payments to be collected, or loans which are held at fair value. The following table presents loans that are past due but not classified as impaired as at July 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022. Loans less than 30 days past due are excluded as they are not generally representative of the borrower’s ability to meet their payment obligations.
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
          
July 31, 2023
             October 31, 2022  
     
30 to 89 days
    
90 days or more
    
Total
     30 to 89 days      90 days or more      Total  
Residential mortgages
  
 
548
 
  
 
7
 
  
 
555
 
     411        19        430  
Credit card, consumer instalment and other personal
  
 
620
 
  
 
104
 
  
 
724
 
     392        84        476  
Business and government
  
 
319
 
  
 
11
 
  
 
330
 
     198        38        236  
Total
  
 
1,487
 
  
 
122
 
  
 
1,609
 
     1,001        141        1,142  
  Fully secured loans with amounts between 90 and 180 days past due that we have not classified as impaired totalled $9 million and $43 million as at July 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, respectively.
ECL Sensitivity and Key Economic Variables
The expected credit loss model requires the recognition of credit losses generally based on 12 months of expected losses for performing loans and the recognition of lifetime losses on performing loans that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk since origination.
The allowance for performing loans is sensitive to changes in both economic forecasts and the probability-weight assigned to each forecast scenario. Many of the factors have a high degree of interdependency, although there is no single factor to which loan impairment allowances as a whole are sensitive.
The benign scenario as at July 31, 2023 involves a materially stronger economic environment than the base case forecast, with a considerably lower unemployment rate.
As at July 31, 2023, our base case scenario depicts a mild economic downturn in the near-term largely in response to higher interest rates and tighter lending conditions, and a moderate economic recovery over the medium-term as inflation is expected to ease and lead to lower interest rates in 2024. Our base case economic forecast as at
October 31, 2022 depicted
a slightly milder economic environment in the projection period.
If we assumed a 100% base case economic forecast and included the impact of loan migration by restaging, with other assumptions held constant, including the application of experienced credit judgment, the allowance on performing loans would be approximately $2,425 million as at July 31, 2023 ($1,900 million as at October 31, 2022), compared to the reported allowance for performing loans of $3,400 million ($2,441 million as at October 31,
2022).
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
67

As
at July 31, 2023, our adverse economic scenario depicts a sizeable contraction in the Canadian and U.S. economy in the near-term. The adverse case as at October 31, 2022 depicted a broadly similar economic environment over the projection period. If we assumed a 100% adverse economic forecast and included the impact of loan migration by restaging, with other assumptions held constant, including the application of experienced credit judgment, the allowance on performing loans would be approximately $5,500 million as at July 31, 2023 ($3,250 million as at October 31, 2022), compared to the reported allowance for performing loans of $3,400 million ($2,441 million as at October 31,
2022).
Actual
results in a recession will differ as our portfolio will change through time due to migration, growth, risk mitigation actions and other factors. In addition, our allowance will reflect the three economic scenarios used in assessing the allowance, with weightings attached to adverse and benign scenarios often unequally weighted and the weightings will change through time.
The following table shows the key economic variables used to estimate the allowance on performing loans forecast over the next 12 months or lifetime measurement period. While the values disclosed below are national variables, we use regional variables in the underlying models and consider factors impacting particular industries where appropriate.
 
    
As at July 31, 2023
        As at October 31, 2022  
All figures are average annual values
 
Benign scenario
   
Base scenario
   
Adverse scenario
        Benign scenario     Base scenario     Adverse scenario  
    
First 12
Months
   
Remaining
horizon
(1)
   
First 12
Months
   
Remaining
horizon
(1)
   
First 12
Months
   
Remaining
horizon
(1)
        First 12
Months
    Remaining
horizon (1)
    First 12
Months
    Remaining
horizon (1)
    First 12
Months
    Remaining
horizon (1)
 
Real GDP growth rates (2)
                                                                                                   
Canada
 
 
3.4
 
 
2.5
 
 
0.6
 
 
1.8
 
 
(3.6)
 
 
1.2
        3.7     2.2     1.5     1.1     (2.3)     0.4
United States
 
 
3.2
 
 
2.5
 
 
0.5
 
 
2.0
 
 
(3.6)
 
 
1.4
        2.4     2.1     0.2     1.3     (3.3)     0.6
Corporate BBB
10-year
spread
                                                                                                   
Canada
 
 
1.8
 
 
1.8
 
 
2.4
 
 
2.0
 
 
4.2
 
 
3.5
        1.9     1.9     2.4     2.2     3.7     3.9
United States
 
 
1.5
 
 
1.8
 
 
2.3
 
 
2.1
 
 
4.6
 
 
3.4
        1.8     1.9     2.2     2.2     4.2     3.9
Unemployment rates
                                                                                                   
Canada
 
 
4.0
 
 
3.5
 
 
5.6
 
 
5.1
 
 
8.9
 
 
9.7
        4.3     3.6     5.9     6.5     8.0     9.9
United States
 
 
2.9
 
 
2.5
 
 
4.3
 
 
4.1
 
 
7.4
 
 
8.2
        3.2     2.6     4.2     4.8     6.5     8.4
Housing Price Index (2)
                                                                                                   
Canada (3)
 
 
6.7
 
 
7.4
 
 
2.4
 
 
4.9
 
 
(23.5)
 
 
(5.0)
        (6.7)     2.1     (10.0)     (1.0)     (13.6)     (8.0)
United States (4)
 
 
0.5
 
 
3.8
 
 
(2.6)
 
 
2.4
 
 
(20.3)
 
 
(4.3)
        1.6     (0.7)     (0.9)     (2.6)     (7.5)     (8.4)
 
 (1)
The remaining forecast period is two years.
 (2)
Real gross domestic product and housing price index are averages of quarterly year-over-year growth rates.
 (3)
In Canada, we use the HPI Benchmark Composite.
 (4)
In the United States, we use the National Case-Shiller House Price Index.
The ECL approach requires the recognition of credit losses generally based on 12 months of expected losses for performing loans (Stage 1) and the recognition of lifetime expected losses for performing loans that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk since origination (Stage 2). Under our current probability-weighted scenarios, if all our performing loans were in Stage 1, our models would generate an allowance for performing loans of approximately $2,675 million ($1,850 million as at October 31, 2022), compared to the reported allowance for performing loans of $3,400 million ($2,441 million as at October 31, 2022).
 
 
Note 4: Deposits and Subordinated
D
ebt
Deposits
 
    
Payable on demand
                             
(Canadian $ in millions)
  
Interest bearing
    
Non-interest

bearing
    
Payable
after notice
    
Payable on
a fixed date 
(2)(3)
    
July 31, 2023
     October 31, 2022  
Deposits by:
                                                     
Banks (1)
  
 
4,069
 
  
 
1,698
 
  
 
1,582
 
  
 
22,394
 
  
 
29,743
 
     30,901  
Business and government
  
 
54,025
 
  
 
62,587
 
  
 
157,947
 
  
 
278,929
 
  
 
553,488
 
     495,831  
Individuals
  
 
14,022
 
  
 
40,951
 
  
 
125,311
 
  
 
120,054
 
  
 
300,338
 
     242,746  
Total (4)
  
 
72,116
 
  
 
105,236
 
  
 
284,840
 
  
 
421,377
 
  
 
883,569
 
     769,478  
Booked in:
                                                     
Canada
  
 
50,828
 
  
 
69,847
 
  
 
126,098
 
  
 
301,232
 
  
 
548,005
 
     515,290  
United States
  
 
21,165
 
  
 
35,380
 
  
 
156,567
 
  
 
79,038
 
  
 
292,150
 
     217,720  
Other countries
  
 
123
 
  
 
9
 
  
 
2,175
 
  
 
41,107
 
  
 
43,414
 
     36,468  
Total
  
 
72,116
 
  
 
105,236
 
  
 
284,840
 
  
 
421,377
 
  
 
883,569
 
     769,478  
 
 (1)
Includes regulated and central banks.
 (2)
Includes $62,624 million of senior unsecured debt as at July 31, 2023 subject to the Bank Recapitalization
(Bail-In)
regime ($51,746 million as at October 31, 2022). The
Bail-In
regime provides certain statutory powers to the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, including the ability to convert specified eligible shares and liabilities into common shares if the bank becomes
non-viable.
 (3)
Deposits totalling $29,621 million as at July 31, 2023 ($29,966 million as at October 31, 2022) can be early redeemed, either fully or partially, by customers without penalty. These are classified as payable on a fixed date, based on their remaining contractual maturities.
 (4)
Includes $471,171 million of deposits denominated in U.S. dollars as at July 31, 2023 ($384,080 million as at October 31, 2022), and $56,134 million of deposits
denominated
in other foreign currencies ($46,830 million as at October 31, 2022).
 
68
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

The following table presents deposits payable on a fixed date and greater than one hundred thousand dollars:
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
  
Canada
    
      United States
    
                      Other
    
    Total
 
As at July 31, 2023
  
 
261,405
 
  
 
70,619
 
  
 
41,104
 
  
 
373,128
 
As at October 31, 2022
     230,475        50,542        34,241        315,258  
The following table presents the maturity schedule for deposits payable on a fixed date greater than one hundred thousand dollars, which are booked in Canada:
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
  
Less than 3 months
    
3 to 6 months
    
6 to 12 months
    
Over 12 months
    
    Total
 
As at July 31, 2023
  
 
53,207
 
  
 
35,888
 
  
 
59,169
 
  
 
113,141
 
  
 
261,405
 
As at October 31, 2022
     46,792        28,826        55,288        99,569        230,475  
Subordinated Debt
On August 8, 2023, we announced our intention to redeem all of our outstanding
US$850 million 4.338% Subordinated
Notes
(non-viability contingent capital (NVCC)) 
at par, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date on
 
October 5, 2023
.
 
 
Note 5: Equity
Preferred and Common Shares Outstanding and Other Equity Instruments
(1)

 
(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)
 
July 31, 2023
 
 
  
 
 
October 31, 2022
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
Number
of shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Dividends declared
per share
(6)
 
 
Number
of shares
 
 
Amount
 
 
Dividends declared
per share (6)
 
 
Convertible into
 
 
  
 
Preferred Shares - Classified as Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class B – Series 27
 
 
20,000,000
 
 
 
500
 
 
 
0.72
 
 
 
20,000,000
 
 
 
500
 
 
 
0.96
 
 
 
Class B - Series 28
 
 
 
(2)(3)
 
Class B – Series 29
 
 
16,000,000
 
 
 
400
 
 
 
0.68
 
 
 
16,000,000
 
 
 
400
 
 
 
0.91
 
 
 
Class B - Series 30
 
 
 
(2)(3)
 
Class B – Series 31
 
 
12,000,000
 
 
 
300
 
 
 
0.72
 
 
 
12,000,000
 
 
 
300
 
 
 
0.96
 
 
 
Class B - Series 32
 
 
 
(2)(3)
 
Class B – Series 33
 
 
8,000,000
 
 
 
200
 
 
 
0.57
 
 
 
8,000,000
 
 
 
200
 
 
 
0.76
 
 
 
Class B - Series 34
 
 
 
(2)(3)
 
Class B – Series 44
 
 
16,000,000
 
 
 
400
 
 
 
0.91
 
 
 
16,000,000
 
 
 
400
 
 
 
1.21
 
 
 
Class B - Series 45
 
 
 
(2)(3)
 
Class B – Series 46
 
 
14,000,000
 
 
 
350
 
 
 
0.96
 
 
 
14,000,000
 
 
 
350
 
 
 
1.28
 
 
 
Class B - Series 47
 
 
 
(2)(3)
 
Class B – Series 50
 
 
500,000
 
 
 
500
 
 
 
36.87
 
 
 
500,000
 
 
 
500
 
 
 
24.64
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(3)
 
Class B – Series 52 (12)
 
 
650,000
 
 
 
650
 
 
 
22.23
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(3)
 
Preferred Shares - Classified as Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,300
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,650
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
Recourse to
 
 
  
 
Other Equity Instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.800% Additional Tier 1 Capital Notes (AT1 Notes)
 
 
 
658
 
 
 
 
 
658
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
(3)(5)
 
4.300% Limited Recourse Capital Notes, Series 1 (Series 1 LRCNs)
 
 
 
1,250
 
 
 
 
 
1,250
 
 
 
 
Preferred Shares Series 48
 
 
 
(3)(4)(5)
 
5.625% Limited Recourse Capital Notes, Series 2 (Series 2 LRCNs)
 
 
 
750
 
 
 
 
 
750
 
 
 
 
Preferred Shares Series 49
 
 
 
(3)(4)(5)
 
7.325% Limited Recourse Capital Notes, Series 3 (Series 3 LRCNs)
 
 
 
1,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred Shares Series 51
 
 
 
(3)(4)(5)
 
Other Equity Instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,658
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,658
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred Shares and Other Equity Instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,958
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,308
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Shares
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
 
 
716,672,738
 
 
 
22,474
 
 
 
4.33
 
 
 
677,106,878
 
 
 
17,744
 
 
 
5.44
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (1)
For additional information refer to Notes 16 and 20 of our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.
 (2)
If converted, the holders have the option to convert back to the original preferred shares on subsequent redemption dates, subject to certain conditions.
 (3)
The instruments issued include a NVCC provision, which is necessary for the preferred shares, AT1 Notes and by virtue of the recourse to the Preferred Shares Series 48, Preferred Shares Series 49 and Preferred Shares Series 51 (collectively, the LRCN Preferred Shares) for Series 1, Series 2 and Series 3 LRCNs (collectively, the LRCNs), respectively, to qualify as regulatory capital under Basel III, (see (4) below). As such, they are convertible into a variable number of our common shares if OSFI announces that the bank is, or is about to become,
non-viable
or if a federal or provincial government in Canada publicly announces that the bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection, or equivalent support, to avoid
non-viability.
In such an event, each preferred share, including the LRCN Preferred Shares and AT1 Notes, is convertible into common shares pursuant to an automatic conversion formula and a conversion price based on the greater of: (i) a floor price of $5.00 and (ii) the current market price of our common shares based on the volume weighted average trading price of our common shares on the TSX. The number of common shares issued is determined by dividing the value of the preferred share or other equity instrument, including declared and unpaid dividends, by the conversion price and then applying the multiplier.
 (4)
Non-deferrable
interest is payable semi-annually on the LRCNs at the bank’s discretion.
Non-payment
of interest will result in a recourse event, with the noteholders’ sole remedy being the holders’ proportionate share of trust assets comprised of the LRCN Preferred Shares, each series of which is issued concurrently with the corresponding LRCNs and are eliminated on consolidation. In such an event, the delivery of the trust assets will represent the full and complete extinguishment of our obligations under the LRCNs. In circumstances where the LRCN Preferred Shares are converted into common shares of the bank under the NVCC provision, the LRCNs would be redeemed and the noteholders’ sole remedy would be their proportionate share of trust assets, then comprised of common shares of the bank received by the trust on conversion.
 (5)
The rates represent the annual interest rate percentage applicable to the notes issued as at the reporting date.
 (6)
Represents
year-to-date
dividends declared per share as at reporting date.
Non-cumulative
dividends on preferred shares are payable quarterly as and when declared by the Board of Directors, except for Class B – Series 50 and 52 preferred share dividends, which are payable semi-annually.
 (7)
The stock options issued under the Stock Option Plan are convertible into 6,693,527 common shares as at July 31, 2023 (5,976,870 common shares as at October 31, 2022) of which 2,970,813 are exercisable as at July 31, 2023 (2,648,426 as at October 31, 2022).
 (8)
During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023, we issued 3,561,234 and 9,492,623 common shares, under the Shareholder Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan (2,675,927 and 4,792,102 common shares during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2022) and we issued 100,379 and 588,018 common shares, under the Stock Option Plan (155,300 and 710,897 common shares during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2022).
 (9)
Common shares are net of 183,408 treasury shares as at July 31, 2023 (174,689 treasury shares as at October 31, 2022).
(10)
On December 1, 2022, we issued 1,162,711 shares for $153 million for the acquisition of Radicle Group Inc. Refer to Note 12 for further information.
(11)
On December 16, 2022, we issued 13,575,750 common shares for $1,610 million through public offering and 8,431,700 common shares for $1,000 million under private placement. On January 25, 2023, we issued an additional 6,323,777 common shares for $750 million to BNP Paribas S.A. under private placement. In total we issued 28,331,227 common shares for $3,360 million to align our capital position with increased regulatory requirements as announced by OSFI on December 8, 2022 (refer to Note 7).
(12)
On January 31, 2023, we issued Class B - Series 52 Preferred Shares for $650 million.
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
69

Other Equity Instruments
The AT1 Notes and LRCNs are compound financial instruments that have both equity and liability features. On the date of issuance, we assigned an insignificant value to the liability components of both instruments and, as a result, the full amount of proceeds has been classified as equity and form part of our additional Tier 1
non-viability
contingent capital (NVCC). Semi-annual distributions are recognized as a reduction in equity when payable. The AT1 Notes and LRCNs are subordinate to the claims of the depositors and certain other creditors in right of payment.
Preferred Shares
On January 31, 2023, we issued 650,000
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Fixed Rate Reset Class B Preferred Shares Series 52 (NVCC) at a price of $1,000 per share for gross proceeds of $650 million. For the initial fixed rate period to, but excluding May 26, 2028, the shares pay
non-cumulative
preferential fixed semi-annual cash dividends, as and when declared, in the amount of $70.57 per share per annum, to yield 7.057% annually. The dividend rate will reset on May 26, 2028 and every fifth year thereafter at a rate equal to the
5-year
Government of Canada bond yield plus 4.250%.
Common Shares
On December 1, 2022, we issued 1,162,711 shares for $153 million for the acquisition of Radicle Group Inc. Refer to Note 12 for further information.
On December 16, 2022, we issued 13,575,750 common shares for $1,610 million through public offering and 8,431,700 common shares for $1,000 million under private placement. On January 25, 2023, we issued an additional 6,323,777 common shares for $750 million to BNP Paribas S.A. under private placement. In total, we issued 28,331,227 common shares for $3,360 million to align our capital position with increased regulatory requirements as announced by OSFI on December 8, 2022.
Shareholder Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan
Until further notice, common shares under the Shareholder Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan (the Plan) are issued by the bank from treasury with a 2% discount, calculated in accordance with the terms of the Plan. We issued 3,561,234 and 9,492,623 common shares, respectively, under the Plan for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 (2,675,927 and 4,792,102 common shares for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2022).
Non-Controlling
Interest
Non-controlling
interest in subsidiaries, relating to our acquisition of Bank of the West, was $21 million as at July 31, 2023 ($nil million as at October 31, 2022). Refer to Note 12 for further information.
 
 
Note 6: Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value on the Balance Sheet
Set out in the following table are the amounts that would be reported if all financial assets and liabilities not currently carried at fair value were reported at their fair values. Refer to Note 17 of our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022 for further discussion on the determination of fair value.

 
(Canadian $ in millions)
  
July 31, 2023
 
  
October 31, 2022
 
  
  
Carrying value
 
  
Fair value
 
  
Carrying value
 
  
Fair value
 
Securities
(1)
                                   
Amortized cost
  
 
115,509
 
  
 
105,860
 
     106,590        94,832  
         
Loans
(1)(2)
                                   
Residential mortgages
  
 
170,230
 
  
 
163,837
 
     148,569        142,526  
Consumer instalment and other personal
  
 
102,821
 
  
 
100,614
 
     85,612        83,948  
Credit cards
  
 
11,343
 
  
 
11,343
 
     9,387        9,387  
Business and government
  
 
339,637
 
  
 
338,216
 
     302,079        300,173  
    
 
624,031
 
  
 
614,010
 
     545,647        536,034  
         
Deposits
(3)
  
 
847,067
 
  
 
844,201
 
     742,419        739,339  
Securitization and structured entities’ liabilities
(4)
  
 
24,290
 
  
 
23,480
 
     25,816        24,989  
Other liabilities
(5)
  
 
3,953
 
  
 
3,239
 
     4,088        3,181  
Subordinated debt
  
 
8,062
 
  
 
7,800
 
     8,150        7,743  
  This table excludes financial instruments with a carrying value approximating fair value, such as cash and cash equivalents, interest bearing deposits with banks, securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements,   customers’ liability under acceptances, certain other assets, certain other liabilities, acceptances and securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements.
 
 (1)
Carrying value is net of allowances for credit losses.
 (2)
Excludes $1,391 million of residential mortgages classified as FVTPL, $5,378 million of business and government loans classified as FVTPL and $58 million of business and government loans classified as FVOCI ($176 million, $5,496 million and $60 million, respectively, as at October 31, 2022).
 (3)
Excludes $35,759 million of structured note liabilities ($26,305 million as at October 31, 2022), $573 million of structured deposits ($536 million as at October 31, 2022) and $170 million of metals deposits ($218 million as at October 31, 2022) measured at fair value.
 (4)
Excludes $2,377 million of securitization and structured note entities’ liabilities classified as FVTPL ($1,252 million as at October 31, 2022).
 (5)
Other liabilities include certain other liabilities of subsidiaries, other than deposits.
 
70
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

Fair Value Hierarchy
We use a fair value hierarchy to categorize financial instruments according to the inputs we use in valuation techniques to measure fair value.
Valuation Techniques and Significant Inputs
We determine the fair value of publicly traded fixed maturity debt and equity securities using quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) when these are available. When quoted prices in active markets are not available, we determine the fair value of financial instruments using models such as discounted cash flows with observable market data for inputs, such as yields or broker quotes and other third-party vendor quotes (Level 2). Fair value may also be determined using models where significant market inputs are not observable due to inactive markets or minimal market activity (Level 3). We maximize the use of observable market inputs to the extent possible.
Our Level 2 trading securities are primarily valued using discounted cash flow models with observable spreads or broker quotes. The fair value of Level 2 FVOCI securities is determined using discounted cash flow models with observable spreads or third-party vendor quotes. Level 2 structured note liabilities are valued using models with observable market information. Level 2 derivative assets and liabilities are valued using industry standard models and observable market information.
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
71

The extent of our use of actively quoted market prices (Level 1), internal models using observable market information as inputs (Level 2) and models without observable market information as inputs (Level 3) in the valuation of securities, residential mortgages, business and government loans classified as FVTPL and FVOCI, other assets, fair value liabilities, derivative assets and derivative liabilities is presented in the following table:
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
                  
July 31, 2023
     October 31, 2022  
     
Valued using
quoted
market
prices
    
Valued using
models (with
observable
inputs)
    
Valued using
models (without
observable
inputs)
    
Total
     Valued using
quoted
market
prices
     Valued using
models (with
observable
inputs)
     Valued using
models (without
observable
inputs)
     Total  
Trading Securities
                                                                       
Issued or guaranteed by:
                                                                       
Canadian federal government
  
 
4,440
 
  
 
5,595
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
10,035
 
     6,981        3,955        -        10,936  
Canadian provincial and municipal governments
  
 
1,577
 
  
 
5,255
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
6,832
 
     1,120        4,990        -        6,110  
U.S. federal government
  
 
17,440
 
  
 
4,062
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
21,502
 
     7,326        9,373        -        16,699  
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies
  
 
-
 
  
 
628
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
628
 
     56        83        -        139  
Other governments
  
 
831
 
  
 
1,657
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
2,488
 
     1,085        2,885        -        3,970  
NHA MBS, and U.S. agency MBS and CMO
  
 
-
 
  
 
20,640
 
  
 
757
 
  
 
21,397
 
     -        13,327        985        14,312  
Corporate debt
  
 
3,243
 
  
 
8,462
 
  
 
19
 
  
 
11,724
 
     1,445        8,144        3        9,592  
Trading loans
  
 
-
 
  
 
292
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
292
 
     -        346        -        346  
Corporate equity
  
 
49,702
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
49,702
 
     46,073        -        -        46,073  
    
 
77,233
 
  
 
46,591
 
  
 
776
 
  
 
124,600
 
     64,086        43,103        988        108,177  
FVTPL Securities
                                                                       
Issued or guaranteed by:
                                                                       
Canadian federal government
  
 
107
 
  
 
119
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
226
 
     319        174        -        493  
Canadian provincial and municipal governments
  
 
57
 
  
 
1,201
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
1,258
 
     36        1,044        -        1,080  
U.S. federal government
  
 
1
 
  
 
1,981
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
1,982
 
     -        4        -        4  
Other governments
  
 
-
 
  
 
48
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
48
 
     -        87        -        87  
NHA MBS, and U.S. agency MBS and CMO
  
 
-
 
  
 
20
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
20
 
     -        8        -        8  
Corporate debt
  
 
189
 
  
 
7,029
 
  
 
11
 
  
 
7,229
 
     62        6,409        8        6,479  
Corporate equity
  
 
1,743
 
  
 
5
 
  
 
4,001
 
  
 
5,749
 
     1,440        6        4,044        5,490  
    
 
2,097
 
  
 
10,403
 
  
 
4,012
 
  
 
16,512
 
     1,857        7,732        4,052        13,641  
FVOCI Securities
                                                                       
Issued or guaranteed by:
                                                                       
Canadian federal government
  
 
4,605
 
  
 
11,345
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
15,950
 
     3,544        8,757        -        12,301  
Canadian provincial and municipal governments
  
 
845
 
  
 
3,454
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
4,299
 
     972        3,599        -        4,571  
U.S. federal government
  
 
1,438
 
  
 
2,437
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
3,875
 
     1,443        1,667        -        3,110  
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies
  
 
2
 
  
 
5,215
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
5,217
 
     -        3,713        1        3,714  
Other governments
  
 
1,273
 
  
 
5,646
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
6,919
 
     1,795        4,616        -        6,411  
NHA MBS, and U.S. agency MBS and CMO
  
 
-
 
  
 
14,139
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
14,139
 
     -        9,268        -        9,268  
Corporate debt
  
 
350
 
  
 
2,923
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
3,273
 
     355        3,678        -        4,033  
Corporate equity
  
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
159
 
  
 
159
 
     -        -        153        153  
    
 
8,513
 
  
 
45,159
 
  
 
159
 
  
 
53,831
 
     8,109        35,298        154        43,561  
Loans
                                                                       
Residential mortgages
  
 
-
 
  
 
1,391
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
1,391
 
     -        176        -        176  
Business and government loans
  
 
-
 
  
 
5,301
 
  
 
135
 
  
 
5,436
 
     -        5,536        20        5,556  
    
 
-
 
  
 
6,692
 
  
 
135
 
  
 
6,827
 
     -        5,712        20        5,732  
Other Assets
(1)
  
 
7,122
 
  
 
64
 
  
 
61
 
  
 
7,247
 
     4,148        60        49        4,257  
Fair Value Liabilities
                                                                       
Securities sold but not yet purchased
  
 
31,626
 
  
 
14,816
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
46,442
 
     18,465        22,514        -        40,979  
Structured note liabilities (2)
  
 
-
 
  
 
35,759
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
35,759
 
     -        26,305        -        26,305  
Structured deposits (3)
  
 
-
 
  
 
573
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
573
 
     -        536        -        536  
Other liabilities (4)
  
 
1,373
 
  
 
3,333
 
  
 
7
 
  
 
4,713
 
     1,179        2,298        2        3,479  
    
 
32,999
 
  
 
54,481
 
  
 
7
 
  
 
87,487
 
     19,644        51,653        2        71,299  
Derivative Assets
                                                                       
Interest rate contracts
  
 
44
 
  
 
10,858
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
10,902
 
     80        12,682        -        12,762  
Foreign exchange contracts
  
 
4
 
  
 
14,974
 
  
 
9
 
  
 
14,987
 
     21        22,475        26        22,522  
Commodity contracts
  
 
895
 
  
 
1,311
 
  
 
14
 
  
 
2,220
 
     1,514        4,810        -        6,324  
Equity contracts
  
 
83
 
  
 
4,921
 
  
 
3
 
  
 
5,007
 
     939        5,552        -        6,491  
Credit default swaps
  
 
-
 
  
 
37
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
37
 
     -        61        -        61  
    
 
1,026
 
  
 
32,101
 
  
 
26
 
  
 
33,153
 
     2,554        45,580        26        48,160  
Derivative Liabilities
                                                                       
Interest rate contracts
  
 
38
 
  
 
14,618
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
14,656
 
     58        16,540        -        16,598  
Foreign exchange contracts
  
 
12
 
  
 
13,452
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
13,464
 
     2        25,108        -        25,110  
Commodity contracts
  
 
910
 
  
 
923
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
1,833
 
     1,523        2,066        -        3,589  
Equity contracts
  
 
318
 
  
 
12,970
 
  
 
-
 
  
 
13,288
 
     1,203        13,381        -        14,584  
Credit default swaps
  
 
12
 
  
 
21
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
35
 
     -        73        2        75  
    
 
1,290
 
  
 
41,984
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
43,276
 
     2,786        57,168        2        59,956  
 
 (1)
Other assets include precious metals, segregated fund assets in our insurance business, certain receivables and other items measured at fair value.
 (2)
These structured note liabilities included in deposits have been designated at FVTPL.
 (3)
This represents certain embedded options related to structured deposits carried at amortized cost.
 (4)
Other liabilities include investment contract liabilities and segregated fund liabilities in our insurance business, certain payables and metals deposits that have been designated at FVTPL as well as certain securitization and structured entities’ liabilities measured at FVTPL
.
 
72
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The table below presents the fair values of our significant Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the valuation techniques used to determine their fair values and the value ranges of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuations. We have not applied any other reasonably possible alternative assumptions to the significant Level 3 categories of private equity investments, as the net asset values are provided by the investment or fund managers.

 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
Range of input values 
(1)
 
As at July 31, 2023
(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)
  
Reporting line in fair
value hierarchy table
  
Fair value
of assets
 
  
Valuation techniques
  
Significant
unobservable inputs
  
  
  
Low
 
  
High
 
Private equity
   Corporate equity   
 
4,001
 
   Net asset value    Net asset value        
 
na
 
  
 
na
 
                   EV/EBITDA    Multiple        
 
3x
 
  
 
19x
 
NHA MBS, U.S. agency MBS and CMO
   NHA MBS, U.S. agency MBS and CMO   
 
757
 
   Discounted cash flows    Prepayment rate        
 
3%
    
 
65%
 
                   Market Comparable    Comparability Adjustment (
2
)
       
 
(3.37)
    
 
5.20
 
 
 (1)
The low and high input values represent the lowest and highest actual level of inputs used to value a group of financial instruments in a particular product category. These input ranges do not reflect the level of input uncertainty, but are affected by the specific underlying instruments within each product category. The input ranges will therefore vary from period to period based on the characteristics of the underlying instruments held at each balance sheet date.
 (2)
Range of input values represents price per security adjustment (Canadian $).
  na – not applicable
Significant Transfers
Our policy is to record transfers of assets and liabilities between fair value hierarchy levels at their fair values as at the end of each reporting period, consistent with the date of the determination of fair value. Transfers between the various fair value hierarchy levels reflect changes in the availability of quoted market prices or observable market inputs that result from changes in market conditions. Transfers from Level 1 to Level 2 were due to reduced observability of the inputs used to value the securities. Transfers from Level 2 to Level 1 were due to increased availability of quoted prices in active markets.
The following tables present significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 and July 31, 2022:

 
(Canadian $ in millions)
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
For the three months ended
  
  
 
  
July 31, 2023
 
  
  
 
  
July 31, 2022
 
  
  
Level 1 to Level 2
 
  
Level 2 to Level 1
 
  
Level 1 to Level 2
 
  
Level 2 to Level 1
 
Trading securities
  
 
550
 
  
 
8,446
 
     589        7,994  
FVTPL securities
  
 
32
 
  
 
175
 
     17        489  
FVOCI securities
  
 
469
 
  
 
2,981
 
     343        6,480  
Securities sold but not yet purchased
  
 
185
 
  
 
8,357
 
     990        10,845  
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
                               
For the nine months ended
          
July 31, 2023
             July 31, 2022  
     
Level 1 to Level 2
    
Level 2 to Level 1
     Level 1 to Level 2      Level 2 to Level 1  
Trading securities
  
 
6,594
 
  
 
14,437
 
     5,377        10,661  
FVTPL securities
  
 
343
 
  
 
486
 
     158        506  
FVOCI securities
  
 
4,406
 
  
 
5,074
 
     9,222        10,138  
Securities sold but not yet purchased
  
 
3,255
 
  
 
12,177
 
     2,721        11,999  
Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The tables below present a reconciliation of all changes in Level 3 financial instruments for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 and July 31, 2022, including realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and other comprehensive income as well as transfers into and out of Level 3. Transfers from Level 2 into Level 3 were due to an increase in unobservable market inputs used in pricing the securities. Transfers out of Level 3 into Level 2 were due to an increase in observable market inputs used in pricing the securities.
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
73

           
Change in fair value
           
Movements
   
Transfers
                
For the three months ended July 31, 2023
(Canadian $ in millions)
   Balance
April 30,
2023
    
Included in
earnings
   
Included
in other
comprehensive
income
(1)
   
Issuances/
Purchases
    
Sales
   
Maturities/
Settlement
   
Transfers
into
Level 3
    
Transfers
out of
Level 3
   
Fair Value
as at July 31,
2023
    
Change in
unrealized gains
(losses) recorded
in income
for instruments
still held
(2)
 
Trading Securities
                                                                                    
NHA MBS and U.S. agency MBS and CMO
     786     
 
(80
)
 
 
 
(20
)
 
 
 
140
 
  
 
(105
)
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
88
 
  
 
(52
)
 
 
 
757
 
  
 
(73
)
 
Corporate debt
     12     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
11
 
  
 
(1
)
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
  
 
(5
)
 
 
 
19
 
  
 
-
 
Total trading securities
     798     
 
(80
)
 
 
 
(20
)
 
 
 
151
 
  
 
(106
)
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
90
 
  
 
(57
)
 
 
 
776
 
  
 
(73
)
 
FVTPL Securities
                                                                                    
Corporate debt
     11     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
11
 
  
 
-
 
Corporate equity
     6,089     
 
(89
)
 
 
 
(45
)
 
 
 
179
 
  
 
(36
)
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
(2,097
)
 
 
4,001
 
  
 
(7
)
 
Total FVTPL securities
     6,100     
 
(89
)
 
 
 
(45
)
 
 
 
179
 
  
 
(36
)
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
(2,097
)
 
 
4,012
 
  
 
(7
)
 
FVOCI Securities
                                                                                    
Issued or guaranteed by:
                                                                                    
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies
     -     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
na
 
Corporate equity
     157     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
159
 
  
 
na
 
Total FVOCI securities
     157     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
159
 
  
 
na
 
Business and Government Loans
     201     
 
-
 
 
 
(5
)
 
 
21
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
(82
)
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
135
 
  
 
-
 
Other Assets
     60     
 
1
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
1
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
61
 
  
 
1
 
Derivative Assets
                                                                                    
Foreign exchange contracts
     -     
 
9
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
9
 
  
 
9
 
Commodity contracts
     10     
 
4
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
14
 
  
 
4
 
Equity contracts
     4     
 
(1
)
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
3
 
  
 
(1
)
 
Total derivative assets
     14     
 
12
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
26
 
  
 
12
 
Other Liabilities
     5     
 
(1
)
 
 
-
 
 
 
3
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
7
 
  
 
(1
)
Derivative Liabilities
                                                                                    
Foreign exchange contracts
     -     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
Credit default swaps
     2     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
  
 
-
 
Total derivative liabilities
     2     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
  
 
-
 
               
           
Change in fair value
           
Movements
   
Transfers
                
For the nine months ended July 31, 2023
(Canadian $ in millions)
   Balance
October 31,
2022
    
Included in
earnings
   
Included
in other
comprehensive
income
(1)
   
Issuances/
Purchases 
(3)
    
Sales
   
Maturities/
Settlement
   
Transfers
into
Level 3
    
Transfers
out of
Level 3
   
Fair Value
as at July 31,
2023
    
Change in
unrealized gains
(losses) recorded
in income
for instruments
still held
(2)
 
Trading Securities
                                                                                    
NHA MBS and U.S. agency MBS and CMO
     985     
 
(96
)
 
 
 
(31
)
 
 
 
406
 
  
 
(353
)
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
310
 
  
 
(464
)
 
 
 
757
 
  
 
(74
)
 
Corporate debt
     3     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
21
 
  
 
(1
)
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
3
 
  
 
(7
)
 
 
 
19
 
  
 
-
 
Total trading securities
     988     
 
(96
)
 
 
 
(31
)
 
 
 
427
 
  
 
(354
)
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
313
 
  
 
(471
)
 
 
 
776
 
  
 
(74
)
 
FVTPL Securities
                                                                                    
Corporate debt
     8     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
3
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
11
 
  
 
-
 
Corporate equity
     4,044     
 
(127
)
 
 
 
(41
)
 
 
 
2,507
 
  
 
(284
)
 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
(2,097
)
 
 
4,001
 
  
 
28
 
Total FVTPL securities
     4,052     
 
(127
)
 
 
 
(41
)
 
 
 
2,510
 
  
 
(284
)
 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
(2,097
)
 
 
4,012
 
  
 
28
 
FVOCI Securities
                                                                                    
Issued or guaranteed by:
                                                                                    
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies
     1     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
na
 
Corporate equity
     153     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
7
 
  
 
(1
)
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
159
 
  
 
na
 
Total FVOCI securities
     154     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
7
 
  
 
(1
)
 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
159
 
  
 
na
 
Business and Government Loans
     20     
 
-
 
 
 
(3
)
 
 
215
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
(97
)
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
135
 
  
 
-
 
Other Assets
     49     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
23
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
(11
)
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
61
 
  
 
-
 
Derivative Assets
                                                                                    
Foreign exchange contracts
     26     
 
(17
)
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
9
 
  
 
9
 
Commodity contracts
     -     
 
1
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
13
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
14
 
  
 
1
 
Equity contracts
     -     
 
2
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
1
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
3
 
  
 
2
 
Total derivative assets
     26     
 
(14
)
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
13
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
1
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
26
 
  
 
12
 
Other Liabilities
     2     
 
(1
)
 
 
-
 
 
 
6
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
7
 
  
 
(1
)
Derivative Liabilities
                                                                                    
Foreign exchange contracts
     -     
 
12
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
(12
)
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
(38
)
 
Credit default swaps
     2     
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
  
 
-
 
Total derivative liabilities
     2     
 
12
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
(12
)
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
  
 
(38
)
 
 
 (1)
Foreign exchange translation on assets and liabilities held by foreign operations is included in other comprehensive income, net foreign operations.
 (2)
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on Trading and FVTPL securities still held on July 31, 2023 are included in earnings for the period.
 (3)
FVTPL securities includes $969 million of Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank equity and $587 million of investments in Low Income Housing Tax Credit entities, acquired as a result of our acquisition of Bank of the West.
  Unrealized gains (losses) recognized on Level 3 financial instruments may be offset by (losses) gains on economic hedge contracts.
  na – not applicable
 
74
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

           
Change in fair value
           
Movements
    
Transfers
                
For the three months ended July 31, 2022
(Canadian $ in millions)
   Balance
April 30,
2022
    
Included in
earnings
   
Included
in other
comprehensive
income
(1)
   
Issuances/
Purchases
    
Sales
   
Maturities/
Settlement
    
Transfers
into
Level 3
    
Transfers
out of
Level 3
   
Fair Value
as at July 31,
2022
    
Change in
unrealized gains
(losses) recorded
in income
for instruments
still held
(2)
 
Trading Securities
                         
NHA MBS and U.S. agency MBS and CMO
     721        (60     (1     216        (146     -        95        (70     755        (11
Corporate debt
     4        -       -       -        -       -        1        -       5        -  
Total trading securities
     725        (60     (1     216        (146     -        96        (70     760        (11
FVTPL Securities
                         
Corporate debt
     -        -       -       8        -       -        -        -       8        -  
Corporate equity
     3,397        45       (3     321        (89     -        56        -       3,727        61  
Total FVTPL securities
     3,397        45       (3     329        (89     -        56        -       3,735        61  
FVOCI Securities
                         
Issued or guaranteed by:
                         
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies
     1        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       1        na  
Corporate equity
     151        -       (2     4        (1     -        -        -       152        na  
Total FVOCI securities
     152        -       (2     4        (1     -        -        -       153        na  
Business and Government Loans
     6        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       6        -  
Other Assets
     -        -       -       9        -       -        -        -       9        -  
Derivative Assets
                         
Foreign exchange contracts
     -        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       -        -  
Commodity contracts
     -        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       -        -  
Equity contracts
     -        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       -        -  
Total derivative assets
     -        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       -        -  
Other Liabilities
     1        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       1        -  
Derivative Liabilities
                         
Foreign exchange contracts
     -        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       -        -  
Credit default swaps
     1        -       -       -        -       -        3        -       4        -  
Total derivative liabilities
     1        -       -       -        -       -        3        -       4        -  
           
Change in fair value
           
Movements
    
Transfers
                
For the nine months ended July 31, 2022
(Canadian $ in millions)
   Balance
October 31,
2021
    
Included in
earnings
   
Included
in other
comprehensive
income
(1)
   
Issuances/
Purchases
    
Sales
   
Maturities/
Settlement
    
Transfers
into
Level 3
    
Transfers
out of
Level 3
   
Fair Value
as at July 31,
2022
    
Change in
unrealized gains
(losses) recorded
in income
for instruments
still held
(2)
 
Trading Securities
                         
NHA MBS and U.S. agency MBS and CMO
     675        (158     29       818        (555     -        251        (305     755        (18
Corporate debt
     7        (2     (1     11        (4     -        1        (7     5        (1
Total trading securities
     682        (160     28       829        (559     -        252        (312     760        (19
FVTPL Securities
                         
Corporate debt
     -        -       -       8        -       -        -        -       8        -  
Corporate equity
     2,442        197       50       1,238        (256     -        56        -       3,727        223  
Total FVTPL securities
     2,442        197       50       1,246        (256     -        56        -       3,735        223  
FVOCI Securities
                         
Issued or guaranteed by:
                         
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies
     1        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       1        na  
Corporate equity
     132        -       -       15        (1     -        6        -       152        na  
Total FVOCI securities
     133        -       -       15        (1     -        6        -       153        na  
Business and Government Loans
     6        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       6        -  
Other Assets
     -        -       -       9        -       -        -        -       9        -  
Derivative Assets
                         
Foreign exchange contracts
     -        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       -        -  
Commodity contracts
     -        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       -        -  
Equity contracts
     -        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       -        -  
Total derivative assets
     -        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       -        -  
Other Liabilities
     -        -       -       1        -       -        -        -       1        -  
Derivative Liabilities
                         
Foreign exchange contracts
     -        -       -       -        -       -        -        -       -        -  
Credit default swaps
     2        -       -       -        -       -        3        (1     4        -  
Total derivative liabilities
     2        -       -       -        -       -        3        (1     4        -  
 
 {1)
Foreign exchange translation on assets and liabilities held by foreign operations is included in other comprehensive income, net foreign operations.
 {2)
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on Trading and FVTPL securities still held on July 31, 2022 are included in earnings for the period.
  Unrealized gains (losses) recognized on Level 3 financial instruments may be offset by (losses) gains on economic hedge contracts.
  na – not applicable
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
75

Note 7: Capital Management
Our objective is to maintain a strong capital position in a cost-effective structure that: is appropriate given our target regulatory capital ratios and internal assessment of required economic capital; underpins our operating groups’ business strategies; supports depositor, investor and regulator confidence, while building long-term shareholder value; and is consistent with our target credit ratings.
As at July 31, 2023, we met OSFI’s target capital ratio requirements, which include a 2.5% Capital Conservation Buffer, a 1.0% Common Equity Surcharge for Domestic Systemically Important Banks
(D-SIBs),
a Countercyclical Buffer and a 3.0% Domestic Stability Buffer (DSB) applicable to
D-SIBs.
In December 2022, the DSB level was set at 3% of total Risk-Weighted Assets (RWA) effective February 1, 2023. In addition, OSFI increased the DSB’s range from 0% to 2.5%, to 0% to 4%. In June 2023, OSFI announced that the DSB level will be increased to 3.5% of total RWA effective November 1, 2023. Our capital position as at July 31, 2023 is further detailed in the Capital Management section of our interim Management’s Discussion and Analysis.
The domestic implementation of Basel III Reforms related to capital, leverage, liquidity and disclosure requirements were effective in the second quarter of 2023. Capital changes under these reforms include revised rules for credit risk and operational risk. Effective February 1, 2023,
D-SIBs
are required to meet a 0.5% buffer requirement for the Leverage and Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (TLAC) Leverage Ratios in addition to the minimum requirements. Revisions related to market risk and credit valuation adjustment risk will become effective in the first quarter of 2024.
Regulatory Capital and Total Loss Absorbing Capacity Measures, Risk-Weighted Assets and Leverage Exposures
(1)
 
(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)
  
July 31, 2023
     October 31, 2022  
CET1 Capital
  
 
50,895
 
     60,891  
Tier 1 Capital
  
 
57,767
 
     67,121  
Total Capital
  
 
66,504
 
     75,309  
TLAC
  
 
110,810
 
     120,663  
Risk-Weighted Assets
  
 
412,943
 
     363,997  
Leverage Exposures
  
 
1,369,745
 
     1,189,990  
CET1 Ratio
  
 
12.3%
 
     16.7%  
Tier 1 Capital Ratio
  
 
14.0%
 
     18.4%  
Total Capital Ratio
  
 
16.1%
 
     20.7%  
TLAC Ratio
  
 
26.8%
 
     33.1%  
Leverage Ratio
  
 
4.2%
 
     5.6%  
TLAC Leverage Ratio
  
 
8.1%
 
     10.1%  
 
 (1)
Calculated in accordance with OSFI’s Capital Adequacy Requirements Guideline, Leverage Requirements Guideline and Total Loss Absorbing Capacity Guideline.
 
 
Note 8: Employee Compensation
Stock Options
We did not grant any stock options during the three months ended July 31, 2023 or 2022. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, we granted a total of 1,322,817 stock options (1,028,255 stock options during the nine months ended July 31, 2022) with a weighted-average fair value of $18.94 per option ($14.17 per option for the nine months ended July 31, 2022).
To determine the fair value of the stock option tranches (i.e. the portion that vests each year) on the grant date, the following ranges of values were used for each option pricing assumption:
 
For stock options granted during the nine months ended
  
July 31, 2023
     July 31, 2022  
Expected dividend yield
  
 
4.5% - 4.6%
 
     4.2%  
Expected share price volatility
  
 
20.9%
 
     16.8%  
Risk-free rate of return
  
 
3.2%
 
    
1.8% - 1.9%
 
Expected period until exercise (in years)
  
 
6.5 - 7.0
 
     6.5 - 7.0  
Exercise price ($)
  
 
122.31
 
     135.58  
  Changes to the input assumptions can result in different fair value estimates.
 
76
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

Pension and Other Employee Future Benefit Expenses
Pension and other employee future benefit expenses are determined as follows:
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
                             
      Pension benefit plans     Other employee future benefit plans  
For the three months ended
  
July 31, 2023
    July 31, 2022    
July 31, 2023
     July 31, 2022  
Current service cost
  
 
40
 
    60    
 
1
 
     2  
Net interest (income) expense on net defined benefit (asset) liability
  
 
(17
    (7  
 
11
 
     8  
Past service cost (income)
  
 
-
 
    (1  
 
-
 
     -  
Gain on settlement
  
 
-
 
    -    
 
-
 
     -  
Administrative expenses
  
 
3
 
    1    
 
-
 
     -  
Benefits expense
  
 
26
 
    53    
 
12
 
     10  
Government pension plans expense (1)
  
 
94
 
    61    
 
-
 
     -  
Defined contribution expense
  
 
63
 
    37    
 
-
 
     -  
Total pension and other employee future benefit expenses
recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income
  
 
183
 
    151    
 
12
 
     10  
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
                             
      Pension benefit plans     Other employee future benefit plans  
For the nine months ended
  
July 31, 2023
    July 31, 2022    
July 31, 2023
     July 31, 2022  
Current service cost
  
 
122
 
    178    
 
4
 
     6  
Net interest (income) expense on net defined benefit (asset) liability
  
 
(49
    (21  
 
32
 
     26  
Past service cost (income)
  
 
(1
    (1  
 
-
 
     -  
Gain on settlement
  
 
-
 
    (1  
 
-
 
     -  
Administrative expenses
  
 
7
 
    3    
 
-
 
     -  
Benefits expense
  
 
79
 
    158    
 
36
 
     32  
Government pension plans expense (1)
  
 
291
 
    201    
 
-
 
     -  
Defined contribution expense
  
 
207
 
    138    
 
-
 
     -  
Total pension and other employee future benefit expenses
recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income
  
 
577
 
    497    
 
36
 
     32  
 
 (1)
Includes Canada Pension Plan, Quebec Pension Plan and U.S. Federal Insurance Contributions Act.
 
 
Note 9: Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income, after deducting dividends payable on preferred shares and distributions payable on other equity instruments, by the daily average number of fully paid common shares outstanding throughout the period.
Diluted earnings per share is calculated in the same manner, with further adjustments made to reflect the dilutive impact of instruments convertible into our common shares.
The following tables present our basic and diluted earnings per share:
Basic Earnings Per Common Share
 
(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)
  
For the three months ended
 
 
For the nine months ended
 
  
  
July 31, 2023
 
 
July 31, 2022
 
 
July 31, 2023
 
 
July 31, 2022
 
Net income attributable to bank shareholders
  
 
1,452
 
     1,365    
 
2,755
 
     9,054  
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions on other equity instruments
  
 
(41
)
     (47  
 
(206
)
     (154
Net income available to common shareholders
  
 
1,411
 
     1,318    
 
2,549
 
     8,900  
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in thousands)
  
 
715,432
 
     673,301    
 
706,044
 
     659,909  
Basic earnings per common share (Canadian $)
  
 
1.97
 
     1.96    
 
3.61
 
     13.49  
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share
 
(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)
  
For the three months ended
 
 
For the nine months ended
 
  
  
July 31, 2023
 
 
July 31, 2022
 
 
July 31, 2023
 
 
July 31, 2022
 
Net income available to common shareholders adjusted for impact of dilutive instruments
  
 
1,411
 
     1,318    
 
2,549
 
     8,900  
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in thousands)
  
 
715,432
 
     673,301    
 
706,044
 
     659,909  
Effect of dilutive instruments
                                  
Stock options potentially exercisable (1)
  
 
4,320
 
     5,032    
 
4,531
 
     5,252  
Common shares potentially repurchased
  
 
(3,375
)
     (3,529  
 
(3,299
)
     (3,420
Weighted-average number of diluted common shares outstanding (in thousands)
  
 
716,377
 
     674,804    
 
707,276
 
     661,741  
Diluted earnings per common share (Canadian $)
  
 
1.97
 
     1.95    
 
3.60
 
     13.45  
 
 (1)
In computing diluted earnings per share, we excluded average stock options outstanding of 2,270,156 and 2,178,439 with a weighted-average exercise price of $135.00 and $136.27, respectively, for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 (1,028,255 and 915,260 with a weighted-average exercise price of $142.54 and $143.28, respectively, for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2022) as the average share price for the period did not exceed the exercise price.
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
77

Note 10: Income Taxes
Canadian tax authorities have reassessed us for additional income tax and interest in an amount of approximately $1,465 million in respect of certain 2011-2018 Canadian corporate dividends. These reassessments denied certain dividend deductions on the basis that the dividends were received as part of a “dividend rental arrangement.” In general, the tax rules raised by the Canadian tax authorities were prospectively addressed in the 2015 and 2018 Canadian Federal Budgets. We filed Notices of Appeal with the Tax Court of Canada and the matter is in litigation. We remain of the view that our tax filing positions were appropriate and intend to challenge all reassessments. However, if such challenges are unsuccessful, the additional expense would negatively impact our net income.
On December 15, 2022, the Canadian government enacted legislation related to certain tax measures that are applicable to certain Canadian companies in a bank or life insurer group, including a
one-time
15% tax (referred to as the Canada Recovery Dividend, or CRD), based on the average taxable income for fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2021, less a $1 billion exemption, payable in equal instalments over five years. The legislation also included a permanent 1.5% increase in the tax rate, based on taxable income above $100 million (effective for taxation years that end after April 7, 2022 and
pro-rated
for the first year). In the first quarter of 2023, we recorded a
one-time
tax expense of $371 million in income tax expense, including $312 million relating to the CRD, and $59 million relating to the
pro-rated
fiscal 2022 impact of the 1.5% increase in tax rate, net of a related remeasurement of our net deferred tax asset.
 
 
Note 11: Operating Segmentation
Operating Groups
We conduct our business through three operating groups, each of which has a distinct mandate. Our operating groups are Personal and Commercial Banking (P&C) (comprised of Canadian Personal and Commercial Banking (Canadian P&C) and U.S. Personal and Commercial Banking (U.S. P&C)), BMO Wealth Management (BMO WM) and BMO Capital Markets (BMO CM), along with a Corporate Services unit. The acquisition of Bank of the West has been reflected in the U.S. P&C and BMO WM reporting segments.
For additional information refer to Note 25 of our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.
Our results and average assets, grouped by operating segment, are as follows:
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
                                           
For the three months ended July 31, 2023
  
Canadian
P&C
   
U.S. P&C
    
BMO WM
   
BMO CM
   
Corporate
Services 
(1)
   
Total
 
Net interest income (2)
  
 
2,129
 
 
 
2,066
 
  
 
367
 
 
 
587
 
 
 
(244
)
 
 
4,905
 
Non-interest
revenue
  
 
656
 
 
 
419
 
  
 
1,055
 
 
 
891
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
3,024
 
Total Revenue
  
 
2,785
 
 
 
2,485
 
  
 
1,422
 
 
 
1,478
 
 
 
(241
)
 
 
7,929
 
Provision for credit losses on impaired loans
  
 
209
 
 
 
119
 
  
 
1
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
333
 
Provision for credit losses on performing loans
  
 
60
 
 
 
84
 
  
 
6
 
 
 
9
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
159
 
Total provision for credit losses
  
 
269
 
 
 
203
 
  
 
7
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
492
 
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
  
 
4
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
4
 
Depreciation and amortization
  
 
143
 
 
 
252
 
  
 
73
 
 
 
84
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
552
 
Non-interest
expense
  
 
1,113
 
 
 
1,313
 
  
 
938
 
 
 
992
 
 
 
730
 
 
 
5,086
 
Income (loss) before taxes and
non-controlling
interest in subsidiaries
  
 
1,260
 
 
 
717
 
  
 
400
 
 
 
392
 
 
 
(974
)
 
 
1,795
 
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes
  
 
345
 
 
 
141
 
  
 
97
 
 
 
82
 
 
 
(324
)
 
 
341
 
Reported net income (loss)
  
 
915
 
 
 
576
 
  
 
303
 
 
 
310
 
 
 
(650
)
 
 
1,454
 
Non-controlling
interest in subsidiaries
  
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
Net income (loss) attributable to bank shareholders
  
 
915
 
 
 
574
 
  
 
303
 
 
 
310
 
 
 
(650
)
 
 
1,452
 
Average assets (3)
  
 
319,405
 
 
 
235,909
 
  
 
60,671
 
 
 
410,667
 
 
 
238,980
 
 
 
1,265,632
 
             
For the three months ended July 31, 2022
   Canadian
P&C
    U.S. P&C      BMO WM     BMO CM     Corporate
Services (1)
    Total  
Net interest income (2)
     1,938       1,278        314       750       (83     4,197  
Non-interest
revenue
     591       298        1,391       514       (892     1,902  
Total Revenue
     2,529       1,576        1,705       1,264       (975     6,099  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans
     104       22        2       (22     (2     104  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans
     (15     46        (12     15       (2     32  
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses
     89       68        (10     (7     (4     136  
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities
     -       -        413       -       -       413  
Depreciation and amortization
     131       105        63       68       -       367  
Non-interest
expense
     1,003       667        818       852       152       3,492  
Income (loss) before taxes
     1,306       736        421       351       (1,123     1,691  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes
     341       168        97       89       (369     326  
Reported net income (loss)
     965       568        324       262       (754     1,365  
Average assets (3)
     296,941       144,043        50,774       384,257       193,009       1,069,024  
 
78
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

(Canadian $ in millions)
                                          
For the nine months ended July 31, 2023
  
Canadian
P&C
   
U.S. P&C
   
BMO WM
   
BMO CM
   
Corporate
Services 
(1)
   
Total
 
Net interest income (2)
  
 
6,142
 
 
 
5,711
 
 
 
1,052
 
 
 
1,907
 
 
 
(1,072
)
 
 
13,740
 
Non-interest
revenue
  
 
1,818
 
 
 
1,162
 
 
 
4,834
 
 
 
2,875
 
 
 
(1,590
)
 
 
9,099
 
Total Revenue
  
 
7,960
 
 
 
6,873
 
 
 
5,886
 
 
 
4,782
 
 
 
(2,662
)
 
 
22,839
 
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans
  
 
536
 
 
 
233
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
(2
)
 
 
2
 
 
 
772
 
Provision for credit losses on performing loans
  
 
125
 
 
 
101
 
 
 
14
 
 
 
19
 
 
 
701
 
 
 
960
 
Total provision for credit losses
  
 
661
 
 
 
334
 
 
 
17
 
 
 
17
 
 
 
703
 
 
 
1,732
 
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities
  
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
1,788
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
1,788
 
Depreciation and amortization
  
 
413
 
 
 
622
 
 
 
219
 
 
 
249
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
1,503
 
Non-interest
expense
  
 
3,086
 
 
 
3,315
 
 
 
2,731
 
 
 
2,978
 
 
 
2,019
 
 
 
14,129
 
Income (loss) before taxes and
non-controlling
interest in subsidiaries
  
 
3,800
 
 
 
2,602
 
 
 
1,131
 
 
 
1,538
 
 
 
(5,384
)
 
 
3,687
 
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes
  
 
1,044
 
 
 
539
 
 
 
267
 
 
 
345
 
 
 
(1,268
)
 
 
927
 
Reported net income (loss)
  
 
2,756
 
 
 
2,063
 
 
 
864
 
 
 
1,193
 
 
 
(4,116
)
 
 
2,760
 
Non-controlling
interest in subsidiaries
  
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
3
 
 
5
 
Net income (loss) attributable to bank shareholders
  
 
2,756
 
 
 
2,061
 
 
 
864
 
 
 
1,193
 
 
 
(4,119
)
 
 
2,755
 
Average assets (3)
  
 
315,554
 
 
 
211,515
 
 
 
58,022
 
 
 
414,043
 
 
 
236,382
 
 
 
1,235,516
 
             
For the nine months ended July 31, 2022
   Canadian
P&C
    U.S. P&C     BMO WM     BMO CM     Corporate
Services (1)
    Total  
Net interest income (2)
     5,488       3,575       864       2,419       (228     12,118  
Non-interest
revenue
     1,833       974       2,730       2,348       3,137       11,022  
Total Revenue
     7,321       4,549       3,594       4,767       2,909       23,140  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans
     290       60       2       (37     (5     310  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans
     (123     (105     (7     12       -       (223
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses
     167       (45     (5     (25     (5     87  
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities
     -       -       (314     -       -       (314
Depreciation and amortization
     382       314       193       212       -       1,101  
Non-interest
expense
     2,836       1,895       2,470       2,678       438       10,317  
Income before taxes
     3,936       2,385       1,250       1,902       2,476       11,949  
Provision for income taxes
     1,027       548       297       487       536       2,895  
Reported net income
     2,909       1,837       953       1,415       1,940       9,054  
Average assets (3)
     287,326       141,294       50,008       384,065       192,557       1,055,250  
 
 (1)
Corporate Services includes Technology and Operations.
 (2)
Operating groups report on a taxable equivalent basis (teb). Revenue and the provision for income taxes are increased on
tax-exempt
securities to an equivalent
before-tax
basis to facilitate comparisons of income between taxable and
tax-exempt
sources. The offset to the groups’ teb adjustments is reflected in Corporate Services revenue and provision for income taxes.
 (3)
Included within average assets are average earning assets, which are comprised of deposits with other banks, deposits at central banks, reverse repos, loans and securities. Total average earning assets for three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 are $1,161,226 million and $1,134,802 million, including $305,354 million and $301,594 million for Canadian P&C, $215,960 million and $196,237 million for U.S. P&C, and $639,912 million and $636,971 million for all other operating segments including Corporate Services (for three and nine months ended July 31, 2022 - Total: $972,879 million and $965,120 million, Canadian P&C: $282,781 million and $273,270 million, U.S. P&C: $137,169 million and $134,175 million and all other operating segments: $552,929 million and $557,675 million).
 
  Certain
comparative figures have been reclassified to conform with the current period’s presentation.
 
 
Note 12: Acquisitions
AIR MILES Reward Program
On June 1, 2023, we completed the acquisition of AIR MILES Reward Program (AIR MILES) business of LoyaltyOne Co., a subsidiary of Loyalty Ventures Inc. pursuant to a process under the Companies Creditors Arrangement Act for a cash purchase price of US$160 million
. The AIR MILES business operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of BMO. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, and the acquired business and corresponding goodwill are included in our Canadian P&C reporting segment.
We acquired intangible assets of $152 million and goodwill of $239 million. Customer relationship and software intangible assets
are being
amortized to income over 5 to 14 years.
The
t
rade name intangible asset has indefinite life and will not be amortized to income. Goodwill related to this acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes.
The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition are as follows:

 
(Canadian $ in millions)
  
  
 
  
  
June 1, 2023
 
Goodwill and intangible assets
  
 
391
 
Securities
  
 
668
 
Other assets
  
 
139
 
Total assets
  
 
1,198
 
Deferred revenue (1)
  
 
916
 
Other liabilities
  
 
64
 
Total liabilities
  
 
980
 
Purchase price
  
 
218
 
 
 (1)
Deferred revenue reflects our obligation to fulfil the redemption of miles that were outstanding at the acquisition date and is included in other liabilities
in
the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
  The purchase price allocation for AIR MILES is subject to refinement as we complete the valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
79

Bank of the West
On February 1, 2023, we completed the acquisition of Bank of the West, including its subsidiaries, from BNP Paribas for a cash purchase price of US$13.8 billion. Bank of the West provides a broad range of banking products and services primarily in the Western and Midwestern parts of the U.S. The merger enables BMO’s market extension in Bank of the West’s primary markets, including California, and accelerates BMO’s commercial banking expansion. The acquisition
is
reflected in our results as a business combination, in the U.S. P&C and BMO WM reporting segments.
As part of the acquisition, we acquired a 51% interest in its subsidiary CLAAS Financial Services, LLC which provides lease and loan financing to commercial entities acquiring agricultural equipment. The bank is the primary beneficiary of this LLC, and it is consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. We have recorded the ownership interests of the other partners in CLAAS Financial Services LLC as
non-controlling
interest in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
We acquired intangible assets of $2,892 million and goodwill of $10,568 million. Core-deposit and customer relationship intangible assets
are being
amortized to income over the period during which we believe the assets will benefit us, on an accelerated basis, over a period not to exceed 15 years. Goodwill consists largely of the synergy and economies of scale expected from the combined operations of BMO and Bank of the West. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
We recorded the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value as at the date of acquisition, as shown in the table below. The purchase price allocation is subject to refinement as we finalize the valuation of the assets acquired.
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
       
     
February 1, 2023
 
Purchase consideration
  
 
18,382
 
Impact of forward contracts (1)
  
 
(269
Net purchase consideration
  
 
18,113
 
Fair value of identifiable assets acquired
        
Securities
  
 
28,437
 
Loans
        
Residential mortgages
  
 
11,912
 
Consumer installment and other personal
  
 
20,268
 
Credit card
  
 
885
 
Business and government
  
 
43,418
 
Total loans
  
 
76,483
 
Other assets (2)
  
 
9,155
 
Intangible assets
  
 
2,892
 
Total fair value of identifiable assets acquired
  
 
116,967
 
Fair value of liabilities assumed
        
Deposits
  
 
91,711
 
Other liabilities (2)
  
 
17,695
 
Total fair value of identifiable liabilities assumed
  
 
109,406
 
Non-controlling
interest
  
 
16
 
Goodwill
  
 
10,568
 
Net purchase consideration
  
 
18,113
 
 
 (1)
To mitigate changes in the Canadian dollar equivalent of the purchase price between announcement and close, we entered into forward contracts, which qualified for hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of these forward contracts of $269 million
(after-tax)
were recorded as a reduction to the Canadian dollar equivalent of the purchase price. 
 (2)
The net deferred tax asset recorded in the opening balance sheet is $1,265 million.
  The purchase price allocation for Bank of the West is subject to refinement as we complete the valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
The accounting for purchased loans, including the initial provision for credit losses, is discussed in Note 3.
Since the acquisition date, Bank of the West contributed revenue of $2,123 million and net income of $244 million to our consolidated results. Net income of $244 million excludes the initial allowance for credit losses of $705 million ($517 million
after-tax)
and integration and acquisition related costs of $1,209 million ($908 million
after-tax).
If we assume the acquisition occurred on November 1, 2022 and the same fair values were applied, we estimate that our combined consolidated
year-to-date
revenue and net income would have been $24 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively.
Impact of Fair Value Management Actions
The fair value of fixed rate loans, securities and deposits is largely dependent on interest rates. As interest rates increased between announcement of the acquisition and close, the fair value of the acquired fixed rate instruments (in particular, loans, securities and deposits) decreased, resulting in higher goodwill on close as compared to our estimates on the announcement date. Conversely, the fair value of floating rate assets (liabilities) and
non-maturity
deposits approximates par. Changes in goodwill relative to our original assumptions announced on December 20, 2021 impacted capital ratios on close because goodwill is treated as a deduction from capital under OSFI Basel III rules.
Upon announcement of the agreement to acquire Bank of the West, we entered into pay fixed/receive float interest rate swaps and purchased a portfolio of matched duration U.S. Treasuries and other balance sheet instruments to economically hedge the impact of changes in interest rates on our capital ratios at close. We recorded net interest income and
mark-to-market
gains of $5.7 billion on these instruments, in interest income and
non-interest
revenue between December 20, 2021 and February 1, 2023, at which time the interest rate swaps were settled. The gains provided additional capital to offset the impact of higher goodwill on close.
 
80
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023

On close, we placed the majority of these U.S. Treasuries and other balance sheet instruments, which were in an unrealized loss position, in fair value hedge relationships with new pay fixed/receive float interest rate swaps. The fair value hedges, coupled with other actions taken to manage our interest rate risk profile to its target position, crystallized a $5.7 billion loss on these instruments, which will be recognized as a reduction in interest income over their remaining life through accounting for the new fair value hedges. We recorded a $295 million and $584 million reduction in interest, dividend and fee income – securities related to the fair value hedge in our Consolidated Statement of Income, for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023, respectively.
Conversely, the fair values of the loans, securities and deposits we acquired are below par. This discount will accrete to interest income in our Consolidated Statement of Income over the remaining term of these instruments. We recorded $239 million and $491 million related to these purchased loans and $132 million and $272 million related to these purchased securities in our Consolidated Statement of Income in
net-interest
income for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023, respectively. More information on the purchased loans is included in Note 3.
Leasing Solutions Canada Inc.
On February 1, 2023, we acquired Leasing Solutions Canada Inc. from BNP Paribas. The acquisition was reflected in our results beginning in the second quarter of 2023 as a business combination, in the Canadian P&C reporting segment and was not material to the bank.
Radicle Group Inc.
On December 1, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Radicle Group Inc. (Radicle), a Calgary-based leader in sustainability advisory services and solutions, and technology-driven emissions measurement and management, for 1.2 million BMO common shares for a total value of $153 million plus cash consideration of $42 million. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, and the acquired business and corresponding goodwill are included in our BMO Capital Markets reporting segment.
As part of this acquisition, we acquired intangible assets of $61 million and goodwill of $89 million. The
intangible
assets are being amortized over 3 to 15 years. Goodwill related to this acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes.
The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition are as follows:
 
(Canadian $ in millions)
       
     
December 1, 2022
 
Goodwill and intangible assets
  
 
150
 
Other assets
  
 
85
 
Total assets
  
 
235
 
Liabilities
  
 
40
 
Purchase price
  
 
195
 
  The purchase price allocation for Radicle is subject to refinement as we complete the valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
 
BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2023
81