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Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
Goodwill
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:
(In millions)
U.S. Pharmaceutical and Specialty Solutions
 
European Pharmaceutical Solutions
 
Medical-Surgical Solutions
 
Other
 
Total
Balance, March 31, 2018
$
4,110

 
$
1,850

 
$
2,070

 
$
2,894

 
$
10,924

Goodwill acquired
17

 
52

 
360

 
13

 
442

Acquisition accounting, transfers and other adjustments
13

 
(5
)
 
21

 
6

 
35

Impairment charges
—

 
(1,776
)
 
—

 
(21
)
 
(1,797
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net
(62
)
 
(121
)
 
—

 
(63
)
 
(246
)
Balance, March 31, 2019
4,078

 
—

 
2,451

 
2,829

 
9,358

Goodwill acquired
—

 
62

 
—

 
14

 
76

Acquisition accounting, transfers and other adjustments
1

 
4

 
7

 
—

 
12

Other changes/disposals
(1
)
 
—

 
(5
)
 
—

 
(6
)
Impairment charges
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net
(11
)
 
(3
)
 
—

 
(64
)
 
(78
)
Balance, March 31, 2020
$
4,067

 
$
63

 
$
2,453

 
$
2,777

 
$
9,360


Goodwill Impairment Charges
The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment on an annual basis each year and at an interim date, if indicators of potential impairment exist. On October 1, 2019, the Company voluntarily changed its annual goodwill impairment testing date from January 1 to October 1 to better align with the timing of the Company’s annual long-term planning process. Accordingly, management determined that the change in accounting principle is preferable under the circumstance. This change has been applied prospectively from October 1, 2019 as retrospective application is deemed impracticable due to the inability to objectively determine the assumptions and significant estimates used in earlier periods without the benefit of hindsight. This change was not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements as it did not delay, accelerate, or avoid any potential goodwill impairment charge.
Goodwill impairment testing is conducted at the reporting unit level, which is generally defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (also known as a component), for which discrete financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results of that reporting unit.
The fair value of the reporting unit was determined using a combination of an income approach based on a DCF model and a market approach based on appropriate valuation multiples observed for the reporting unit’s guideline public companies. Fair value estimates result from a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and rely heavily on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management as of the measurement date. Any material changes in key assumptions, including failure to improve operations of certain retail pharmacy stores, additional government reimbursement reductions, deterioration in the financial markets, an increase in interest rates or an increase in the cost of equity financing by market participants within the industry, or other unanticipated events and circumstances, may affect such estimates. The discount rates are the weighted average cost of capital measuring the reporting unit’s cost of debt and equity financing weighted by the percentage of debt and percentage of equity in a company’s target capital. The unsystematic risk premium is an input factor used in calculating discount rate that specifically addresses uncertainty related to the reporting unit’s future cash flow projections. Fair value assessments of the reporting unit are considered a Level 3 measurement due to the significance of unobservable inputs developed using company specific information.
Goodwill charges listed below were recorded under the caption, “Goodwill impairment charges” in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Most of the goodwill impairment for these reporting units were generally not deductible for income tax purposes.
Fiscal 2020
The impairment testing performed in 2020 did not indicate any material impairment of goodwill.
Fiscal 2019
(In millions, except rates)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter Ended
 
Reporting Unit
 
Segment
 
Discount Rate
 
Terminal Growth Rate
 
Goodwill Impairment
(1) 
June 2018
 
PD
 
European Pharmaceutical Solutions
 
8.0
%
 
1.25
%
 
$
238

(2) 
June 2018
 
RP
 
European Pharmaceutical Solutions
 
8.5
%
 
1.25
%
 
251

(3) 
June 2018
 
PD
 
European Pharmaceutical Solutions
 
8.0
%
 
1.25
%
 
81

(3) 
March 2019
 
RP
 
European Pharmaceutical Solutions
 
10.0
%
 
1.25
%
 
465

(4) 
March 2019
 
PD
 
European Pharmaceutical Solutions
 
9.0
%
 
1.25
%
 
741

(4) 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,776

 
(1)
Represents pre-tax and after-tax amounts, except for an aggregate $20 million of tax charges related to the March 2019 Retail Pharmacy impairment. Total goodwill impairment for 2019 also includes $21 million related to the Company’s Rexall Health business within Other recorded in the third quarter of 2019.
(2)
Prior to implementing its new segment reporting structure in the first quarter of 2019, the Company’s European operations were considered a single reporting unit. Following the change in reportable segments, its European Pharmaceutical Solutions segment was divided into two distinct reporting units, Retail Pharmacy (“RP”), formerly Consumer Solutions, and Pharmaceutical Distribution (“PD”), formerly Pharmacy Solutions, for the purposes of goodwill impairment testing. This change required performance of a goodwill impairment test for these two new reporting units which resulted in a goodwill impairment charge as PD’s estimated fair value was lower than its reassigned carrying value.
(3)
Both RP and PD projected a decline in the estimated future cash flows primarily triggered by additional U.K. government actions which were announced on June 29, 2018. An interim goodwill impairment test for these reporting units identified that their carrying values exceeded their estimated fair value and resulted in an impairment charge.
(4)
As a result of the annual goodwill impairment test, the carrying values of the PD and RP reporting units exceeded their estimated fair value which required the Company to record impairment charges for the reporting units. These additional impairments were primarily due to declines in the reporting units’ estimated future cash flows and the selection of higher discount rates. The declines in estimated future cash flows were primarily attributed to additional government reimbursement reductions and competitive pressures within the U.K. The risk of successfully achieving certain business initiatives was the primary factor in the use of a higher discount rate. As of March 31, 2019 the entire remaining goodwill balances of both reporting units were impaired.

Fiscal 2018
(In millions, except rates)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter Ended
 
Reporting Unit
 
Segment (3)
 
Discount Rate
 
Terminal Growth Rate
 
Goodwill Impairment
(1) 
September 2017
 
McKesson Europe (2)
 
European Pharmaceutical Solutions
 
7.5
%
 
1.25
%
 
$
350

(4) 
March 2018
 
McKesson Europe
 
European Pharmaceutical Solutions
 
8.0
%
 
1.25
%
 
933

(5) 
March 2018
 
Rexall
 
Other
 
10.0
%
 
2.00
%
 
455

(6) 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,738

 
(1)
Represents pre-tax and after-tax amounts.
(2)
This reporting unit was divided into two reporting units in the first quarter of 2019 upon a change in segment reporting structure. See above for more information.
(3)
The impairment charges recorded in 2018 were attributable to the former McKesson Distribution Solutions segment. The segment reporting structure which included McKesson Distribution Solutions was reorganized in the first quarter of 2019. The segments presented above for 2018 reflect the revised segment reporting structure.
(4)
The reporting unit projected a decline in its estimated future cash flows primarily triggered by government reimbursement reductions in its retail business in the U.K. Accordingly, the Company performed an interim one-step goodwill impairment test prior to its annual impairment test. As a result, the Company determined that the carrying value of this reporting unit exceeded its estimated fair value and recorded a goodwill impairment charge.
(5)
As a result of the Company’s annual impairment test, it was determined that the carrying value of the reporting unit further exceeded its estimated fair value and recorded a goodwill impairment charge. This reporting unit had a further decline in its estimated future cash flows driven by weakening script growth outlook in the Company’s U.K. business and by a more competitive environment in France.
(6)
As a result of the Company’s annual impairment test, it was determined that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeded its estimated fair value and recorded a goodwill impairment charge. The impairment was the result of a decline in estimated future cash flows primarily driven by significant generics reimbursement reductions across Canada and minimum wage increases in multiple provinces which could only be partially mitigated through the business’ cost saving efforts. As of March 31, 2018, the entire remaining goodwill balance related to the Company’s acquisition of Rexall Health was impaired.
Refer to Financial Note 19, “Fair Value Measurements,” for more information on these nonrecurring fair value measurements. As of March 31, 2020, accumulated goodwill impairment losses were $3.1 billion in the Company’s European Pharmaceutical Solutions segment and $478 million in Other. As of March 31, 2019, accumulated goodwill impairment losses were $3.1 billion in the Company’s European Pharmaceutical Solutions segment and $476 million in Other.

Intangible Assets
Information regarding intangible assets is as follows:
 
March 31, 2020
 
March 31, 2019
(Dollars in millions)
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Amortization
Period
(Years)
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Customer relationships
11
 
$
3,650

 
$
(1,950
)
 
$
1,700

 
$
3,818

 
$
(1,801
)
 
$
2,017

Service agreements
10
 
994

 
(480
)
 
514

 
1,017

 
(430
)
 
587

Pharmacy licenses
26
 
492

 
(232
)
 
260

 
513

 
(209
)
 
304

Trademarks and trade names
13
 
808

 
(242
)
 
566

 
887

 
(232
)
 
655

Technology
3
 
175

 
(111
)
 
64

 
141

 
(94
)
 
47

Other
5
 
273

 
(221
)
 
52

 
288

 
(209
)
 
79

Total
 
 
$
6,392

 
$
(3,236
)
 
$
3,156

 
$
6,664

 
$
(2,975
)
 
$
3,689


Amortization expense of intangible assets was $462 million, $485 million and $503 million for 2020, 2019 and 2018. Estimated annual amortization expense of intangible assets is as follows: $451 million, $351 million, $251 million, $236 million and $233 million for 2021 through 2025, and $1.6 billion thereafter. All intangible assets were subject to amortization as of March 31, 2020 and 2019.
Refer to Financial Note 4, “Restructuring, Impairment and Related Charges,” for more information on intangible asset impairment charges recorded in 2020, 2019 and 2018.