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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
In addition to commitments and obligations in the ordinary course of business, we are subject to various claims, including claims with customers and vendors, pending and potential legal actions for damages, investigations relating to governmental laws and regulations and other matters arising out of the normal conduct of our business. As described below, many of these proceedings are at preliminary stages and many seek an indeterminate amount of damages.
When a loss is considered probable and reasonably estimable, we record a liability in the amount of our best estimate for the ultimate loss. However, the likelihood of a loss with respect to a particular contingency is often difficult to predict and determining a meaningful estimate of the loss or a range of loss may not be practicable based on the information available and the potential effect of future events and decisions by third parties that will determine the ultimate resolution of the contingency. Moreover, it is not uncommon for such matters to be resolved over many years, during which time relevant developments and new information must be reevaluated at least quarterly to determine both the likelihood of potential loss and whether it is possible to reasonably estimate a range of possible loss. When a loss is probable but a reasonable estimate cannot be made, disclosure of the proceeding is provided.
Disclosure is also provided when it is reasonably possible that a loss will be incurred or when it is reasonably possible that the amount of a loss will exceed the recorded provision. We review all contingencies at least quarterly to determine whether the likelihood of loss has changed and to assess whether a reasonable estimate of the potential loss or range of loss can be made. As discussed above, development of a meaningful estimate of loss or a range of potential loss is complex when the outcome is directly dependent on negotiations with or decisions by third parties, such as regulatory agencies, the court system and other interested parties. Such factors bear directly on whether it is possible to reasonably estimate a range of potential loss and boundaries of high and low estimates.
We are party to the legal proceedings described below. Unless otherwise stated, we are currently unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible losses for the unresolved proceedings described below. Should any one or a combination of more than one of these proceedings be successful, or should we determine to settle any or a combination of these matters, we may be required to pay substantial sums, become subject to the entry of an injunction or be forced to change the manner in which we operate our business, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial position or results of operations.
I. Litigation and Claims
On September 7, 2007, McKesson Specialty Arizona Inc. was served with a complaint filed in the New York Supreme Court, New York County by PSKW, LLC, alleging that McKesson Specialty Arizona misappropriated trade secrets and confidential information in launching its LoyaltyScript® program, PSKW, LLC v. McKesson Specialty Arizona Inc., Index No. 602921/07.  PSKW later amended its complaint twice to add additional, but related claims. On March 9, 2017, the court entered judgment after trial in McKesson Specialty Arizona’s favor on all claims. On April 6, 2017, PSKW appealed the trial court’s judgment. The appeal was dismissed on March 27, 2018.
On April 16, 2013, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, U.S. Oncology, Inc. (“USON”), was served with a third amended qui tam complaint filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York by two relators, purportedly on behalf of the United States, 21 states and the District of Columbia, against USON and five other defendants, alleging that USON solicited and received illegal “kickbacks” from Amgen in violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute, the False Claims Act, and various state false claims statutes, and seeking damages, treble damages, civil penalties, attorneys’ fees and costs of suit, all in unspecified amounts, United States ex rel. Piacentile v. Amgen Inc., et al., CV 04-3983 (SJ). Previously, the United States declined to intervene in the case as to all allegations and defendants except for Amgen. On February 5, 2013, the United States filed a motion to dismiss the claims pled against Amgen. On September 30, 2013, the court granted the United States’ motion to dismiss. On April 4, 2014, USON filed a motion to dismiss the claims pled against it. The court has not yet ruled on USON’s motion.
On May 17, 2013, the Company was served with a complaint filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California by True Health Chiropractic Inc., alleging that McKesson sent unsolicited marketing faxes in violation of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (“TCPA”), as amended by the Junk Fax Protection Act of 2005 or JFPA, True Health Chiropractic Inc., et al. v. McKesson Corporation, et al., CV-13-02219 (HG). True Health Chiropractic later amended its complaint, adding McLaughlin Chiropractic Associates as an additional named plaintiff and McKesson Technologies Inc. as a defendant. On August 22, 2016, the court denied plaintiffs’ motion for class certification. On November 18, 2016, plaintiffs were granted leave to appeal that ruling to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Oral argument was heard on the appeal, which has been fully briefed, on October 17, 2017. Separately, in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (“D.C. Circuit”), certain third parties challenged the Federal Communications Commission’s (“FCC”) authority to require opt-out language on solicited faxes. Simultaneously, other third parties challenged the FCC’s authority to grant waivers, like those granted to the Company, of opt-out language requirements on solicited faxes. On March 31, 2017, the D.C. Circuit vacated the FCC order requiring opt-out language on solicited faxes and dismissed as moot the challenge relating to waivers. On February 20, 2018, the United States Supreme Court denied a petition for certiorari seeking review of the D.C. Circuit’s ruling.
On December 29, 2017, two investment funds holding shares in Celesio AG filed a complaint against McKesson Europe Holdings (formerly known as “Dragonfly GmbH & Co KGaA”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, in a German court in Stuttgart, Germany, Polygon European Equity Opportunity Master Fund et al. v. McKesson Europe Holdings GmbH & Co. KGaA, No. 18 O 455/17 (the “Polygon” matter). The complaint alleges that the public tender offer document published by McKesson Europe in its acquisition of Celesio AG incorrectly stated that McKesson Europe’s acquisition of convertible bonds would not be treated as a relevant acquisition of shares for the purposes of triggering minimum pricing considerations under Section 4 of the German Takeover Offer Ordinance. On December 30, 2017, four additional investment funds which allegedly entered into swap transactions regarding shares in Celesio AG that would have enabled them to decide whether to accept the takeover offer filed a substantively identical claim, Davidson Kempner International (BVI) Ltd. et al. v. McKesson Europe Holdings GmbH & Co. KGaA, No.16 O 475/17 (the “Davidson” matter). On March 9, 2018, McKesson Europe filed its statement of defense in the Polygon matter. On May 11, 2018, the court in the Polygon matter dismissed the claims against McKesson Europe. McKesson Europe filed its statement of defense in the Davidson matter on April 12, 2018.
On June 17, 2014, U.S. Oncology Specialty, LP (“USOS”) was served with a fifth amended qui tam complaint filed in July 2008 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York by a relator against USOS, among others, alleging that USOS solicited and received illegal “kickbacks” from Amgen in violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute, the False Claims Act, and various state false claims statutes, and seeking damages, treble damages, civil penalties, attorneys’ fees and costs of suit, all in unspecified amounts, United States ex rel. Hanks v. Amgen, Inc., et al., CV-08-03096 (SJ). Previously, the United States declined to intervene in the case as to all allegations and defendants except for Amgen. On August 1, 2014, USOS filed a motion to dismiss the claims pled against it and the hearing occurred on October 7, 2014. The court has not yet ruled on USOS’s motion.
On January 26, 2016, the Company was served with an amended complaint filed in the Circuit Court of Boone County, West Virginia, by the State of West Virginia, including the Attorney General of West Virginia, alleging that since 2007, the Company has oversupplied controlled substances to West Virginia and failed to report suspicious orders of controlled substances in violation of the West Virginia Controlled Substances Act, the West Virginia Consumer and Protection Act, as well as common law claims for negligence, public nuisance and unjust enrichment, and seeking injunctive relief, monetary damages and civil penalties, all in unspecified amounts, State of West Virginia ex rel. Morrisey v. McKesson Corporation, Civil Action No.: 16-C-1. Following removal to the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia (Civil Action No.: 2:16-cv-01772), the court remanded the matter to state court in January 2017. On July 7, 2017, the Company again removed the matter to the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia (Civil Action No. 2:16-cv-03555.) On February 15, 2018, the court remanded the matter to state court. The trial of the matter is scheduled to begin on April 30, 2019. The Company’s motion for judgment on the pleadings is fully briefed.
On May 2, 2017, the Company was served with a complaint filed in the District Court of the Cherokee Nation by the Cherokee Nation against the Company and five other defendants, alleging that the defendants oversupplied controlled substances to the Cherokee Nation in violation of the Cherokee National Unfair and Deceptive Practices Act, as well as common law claims for nuisance, negligence, unjust enrichment and civil conspiracy, and seeking injunctive relief, civil penalties, compensatory damages, restitution, punitive damages, and attorneys’ fees and costs, all in unspecified amounts, Cherokee Nation v. AmerisourceBergen, et al., CV-2017-203. On June 8, 2017, the Company and the other defendants in this action filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma, seeking a declaratory judgment that the Cherokee Nation District Court has no jurisdiction over the claims asserted by the Cherokee Nation in its suit, McKesson Corporation, et al. v. Todd Hembree, et al., No.4:17-cv-00323. On January 9, 2018, the court granted the motion for preliminary injunction enjoining the defendants from taking any action in the case pending in the tribal court. On January 19, 2018, the Cherokee Nation refiled its suit against the Company and the five other original defendants in the district court of Sequoyah County, Oklahoma, The Cherokee Nation v. McKesson Corporation, et al., Case no. CT-2081-11. On February 26, 2018, the Company and the other defendants removed this case to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma (Case No. 6:18-cv-00056). On March 1, 2018, the Cherokee Nation filed a motion to remand the matter to state court.
The Company is also a defendant in many cases alleging claims related to the distribution of controlled substances to pharmacies, often together with other pharmaceutical wholesale distributors and pharmaceutical manufacturers and retail pharmacy chains named as defendants. The plaintiffs in these actions include state attorneys general, county and city municipalities, hospitals, Indian tribes, pension funds, and third-party payors. The Company has been served with 394 complaints filed in state and federal courts in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming. Since December 5, 2017, nearly all the cases pending in federal district courts have been transferred to a multi-district litigation proceeding in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio captions In re: National Prescription Opiate Litigation, Case No. 17-md-28-04. On April 11, 2018, the court issued a case management order setting forth a briefing schedule to resolve legal issues across several bellwether states and a discovery schedule and March 9, 2019 trial date for three Ohio cases, The County of Summit, Ohio v. Purdue Pharma L.P., et al., Case No. 18-OP-45090 (N.D. Ohio); The County of Cuyahoga v. Purdue Pharma, L.P., et al., Case No. 17-OP-45004 (N.D. Ohio); and City of Cleveland v. AmerisourceBergen Drug Corp., et al., Case No. 18-OP-4532 (N.D. Ohio.)
On April 3, 2017, Eli Inzlicht, a purported shareholder, filed a shareholder derivative complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against certain officers and directors of the Company and the Company as a nominal defendant, alleging violations of fiduciary duties relating to the Company’s previously disclosed agreement with the Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”) and the Department of Justice and various United States Attorneys’ offices to settle all potential administrative and civil claims relating to investigations about the Company’s suspicious order reporting practices for controlled substances, and seeking restitution and disgorgement of all profits, benefits and other compensation obtained by the defendants from the Company and attorneys’ fees, all in unspecified amounts, Inzlicht v. McKesson Corporation, et.al., No. 5:17-cv-01850. On July 26, 2017, Vladimir Gusinsky, as trustee for the Vladimir Gusinsky Living Trust, a purported shareholder, filed a shareholder derivative complaint in the same court based on similar allegations, Vladimir Gusinsky, as Trustee for the Vladimir Gusinsky Living Trust v. McKesson Corporation, et.al., No. 5:17-cv-4248.  On October 9, 2017, the court consolidated the two matters, In re McKesson Corporation Derivative Litigation, No. 4:17-cv-1850. On January 5, 2018, the defendants moved to dismiss the consolidated suit. On May 14, 2018, the court denied in part and granted in part the motions to dismiss.
On October 17, 2017, Chaile Steinberg, a purported shareholder, filed a shareholder derivative complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery against certain officers and directors of the Company and the Company as a nominal defendant, alleging violations of fiduciary duties relating to the Company’s previously disclosed agreement with the DEA and the Department of Justice and various United States Attorneys’ offices to settle all potential administrative and civil claims relating to investigations about the Company’s suspicious order reporting practices for controlled substances, and seeking damages and disgorgement of all profits, benefits and other compensation obtained by the defendants from the Company and attorneys’ fees, all in unspecified amounts, Steinberg v. McKesson Corporation, et.al., No. 2017-0736. Three similar suits were thereafter filed by purported shareholders in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, including Police & Fire Ret. Sys. of the City of Detroit v. McKesson Corporation, et al., No. 2017-0803, Amalgamated Bank v. McKesson Corporation, et al., No. 2017-0881, and Greene v. McKesson Corporation, et al., No. 2018-0042. The court ordered that all four actions be consolidated, and the plaintiffs designated the complaint in the Steinberg action as the operative complaint. The consolidated matter is captioned In re McKesson Corporation Stockholder Derivative Litigation, No. 2017-0736. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on January 18, 2018, and a hearing on that motion took place on March 7, 2018.
On March 5, 2018, Rxc Acquisition Company (d/b/a RxCrossroads) was served with a qui tam complaint filed in July 2017 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois by a relator against Rxc Acquisition Company, among others, alleging that UCB, Inc., provided illegal “kickbacks” to providers, including nurse educator services and reimbursement assistance services provided through Rxc Acquisition Company, in violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute, the False Claims Act, and various state false claims statutes. United States ex rel. CIMZNHCA, LLC v. UCB, Inc., et al., No. 17-cv-00765. The complaint seeks treble damages, civil penalties, and further relief, all in unspecified amounts. The United States and the states named in the complaint have declined to intervene in the suit. The response of Rxc Acquisition Company is due on May 25, 2018.
On April 3, 2018, a second amended qui tam complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York by a relator, purportedly on behalf of the United States, 30 states, the District of Columbia, and two cities against McKesson Corporation, McKesson Specialty Care Distribution Corporation, McKesson Specialty Distribution LLC, McKesson Specialty Care Distribution Joint Venture, L.P., Oncology Therapeutics Network Corporation, Oncology Therapeutics Network Joint Venture, L.P., US Oncology, Inc. and US Oncology Specialty, L.P., alleging that from 2001 through 2010 the defendants repackaged and sold single-dose syringes of oncology medications in a manner that violated the federal False Claims Act and various state and local false claims statutes, and seeking damages, treble damages, civil penalties, attorneys’ fees and costs of suit, all in unspecified amounts, United States ex rel. Omni Healthcare Inc. v. McKesson Corporation, et al., 12-CV-06440 (NG).  On April 16, 2018, the United States filed a notice declining to intervene in the case. On May 9, 2018, the states filed a notice also declining to intervene in the case.
II. Government Subpoenas and Investigations
From time to time, the Company receives subpoenas or requests for information from various government agencies. The Company generally responds to such subpoenas and requests in a cooperative, thorough and timely manner. These responses sometimes require time and effort and can result in considerable costs being incurred by the Company. For example, in May 2017, the Company was served with a Civil Investigative Demand by the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of New York relating to the certification it obtained for a software product under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Electronic Health Record Incentive Program.  Also in May 2017, the Company received a request for information from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania relating to the use of a Company pharmacy management software system to process partially-filled prescriptions. In September 2017, the Company received a request for information and documents from a group of approximately 40 state attorneys general related to an investigation into the factors contributing to the increasing number of opioid-related hospitalizations and deaths in the United States. The Company has also received civil investigative demands, subpoenas or requests for information from several other state attorneys general on the same issues. The Company is currently responding to these requests. Such subpoenas and requests also can lead to the assertion of claims or the commencement of civil or criminal legal proceedings against the Company and other members of the health care industry, as well as to settlements.
In 2015, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $150 million relating to the Company’s previously disclosed agreement with the DEA and the Department of Justice and various United States Attorneys’ offices to settle all potential administrative and civil claims relating to investigations about the Company’s suspicious order reporting practices for controlled substances. In January 2017, the Company finalized the settlements and paid $150 million in cash.
III. Environmental Matters
Primarily as a result of the operation of the Company’s former chemical businesses, which were fully divested by 1987, the Company is involved in various matters pursuant to environmental laws and regulations. The Company has received claims and demands from governmental agencies relating to investigative and remedial actions purportedly required to address environmental conditions alleged to exist at five sites where it, or entities acquired by it, formerly conducted operations and the Company, by administrative order or otherwise, has agreed to take certain actions at those sites, including soil and groundwater remediation.
Based on a determination by the Company’s environmental staff, in consultation with outside environmental specialists and counsel, the current estimate of the Company’s probable loss associated with the remediation costs for these five sites is $9.5 million, net of amounts anticipated from third parties. The $9.5 million is expected to be paid out between April 2018 and March 2048. The Company’s estimated probable loss for these environmental matters has been entirely accrued for in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
In addition, the Company has been designated as a Potentially Responsible Party (“PRP”) under the Superfund law for environmental assessment and cleanup costs as the result of its alleged disposal of hazardous substances at 14 sites. With respect to these sites, numerous other PRPs have similarly been designated and while the current state of the law potentially imposes joint and several liability upon PRPs, as a practical matter, costs of these sites are typically shared with other PRPs. At one of these sites, the United States Environmental Protection Agency has selected a preferred remedy with an estimated cost of approximately $1.38 billion. It is not certain at this point in time what proportion of this estimated liability will be borne by the Company or by the numerous other PRPs. Accordingly, the Company’s estimated probable loss at those 14 sites is approximately $21.6 million, which has been entirely accrued for in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. However, it is possible that the ultimate costs of these matters may exceed or be less than the reserves.
IV. Value Added Tax Assessments
We operate in various countries outside the United States which collect value added taxes (“VAT”).  The determination of the manner in which a VAT applies to our foreign operations is subject to varying interpretations arising from the complex nature of the tax laws. We have received assessments for VAT which are in various stages of appeal. We disagree with these assessments and believe that we have strong legal arguments to defend our tax positions.  Certain VAT assessments relate to years covered by an indemnification agreement.  Due to the complex nature of the tax laws, it is not possible to estimate the outcome of these matters.  However, based on currently available information, we believe the ultimate outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations.
V. Other Matters
The Company is involved in various other litigation, governmental proceedings and claims, not described above, that arise in the normal course of business. While it is not possible to determine the ultimate outcome or the duration of such litigation, governmental proceedings or claims, the Company believes, based on current knowledge and the advice of counsel, that such litigation, proceedings and claims will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.