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Stock-Based Compensation Plans - Weighted Average Assumptions used to Value Stock Options Granted (Details) (Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Incentive Plan)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2012
Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Incentive Plan
     
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology [Abstract]      
Dividend yield (percent) 1.74%us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= cof_StockIncentivePlan2004Member
2.29%us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= cof_StockIncentivePlan2004Member
1.70%us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= cof_StockIncentivePlan2004Member
Volatility (percent) 26.00%us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= cof_StockIncentivePlan2004Member
32.00%us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= cof_StockIncentivePlan2004Member
35.00%us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRate
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= cof_StockIncentivePlan2004Member
Risk-free interest rate (percent) 1.92%us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= cof_StockIncentivePlan2004Member
1.07%us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= cof_StockIncentivePlan2004Member
0.74%us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRate
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= cof_StockIncentivePlan2004Member
Expected option lives (in years) 6 years 1 month 5 years 7 months 6 days 5 years