-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, BeWt7Fq8J+cUlYGdPGKxYMa5U+ssjHEYjPlDXxh3/liD/rzt9Gjm4UPKZj59q2tu Ej9gv2lHZAeCIEkTWwvycw== 0001362310-08-006471.txt : 20081031 0001362310-08-006471.hdr.sgml : 20081031 20081031155642 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001362310-08-006471 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 6 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20080930 FILED AS OF DATE: 20081031 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20081031 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: AIMCO PROPERTIES LP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000926660 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: OPERATORS OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS [6513] IRS NUMBER: 841275621 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-24497 FILM NUMBER: 081154581 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4582 S ULSTER ST PARKWAY STREET 2: SUITE 1100 CITY: DENVER STATE: CO ZIP: 80237 BUSINESS PHONE: 3037578101 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 4582 S ULSTER ST PARKWAY STREET 2: SUITE 1100 CITY: DENVER STATE: CO ZIP: 80237 10-Q 1 c76501e10vq.htm FORM 10-Q Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File Number 0-24497
 
AIMCO Properties, L.P.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware   84-1275621
(State or other jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)   Identification No.)
     
4582 South Ulster Street Parkway, Suite 1100    
Denver, Colorado   80237
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)
(303) 757-8101
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
             
Large accelerated filer o   Accelerated filer þ   Non-accelerated filer o   Smaller reporting company o
        (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
 
The number of Partnership Common Units outstanding as of October 27, 2008: 98,136,520
 
 

 

 


 

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FORM 10-Q
         
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 Exhibit 31.1
 Exhibit 31.2
 Exhibit 32.1
 Exhibit 32.2
 Exhibit 99.1

 

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements
AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
                 
    September 30,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
ASSETS
               
Real estate:
               
Buildings and improvements
  $ 8,752,890     $ 8,302,059  
Land
    2,440,154       2,397,070  
 
           
Total real estate
    11,193,044       10,699,129  
Less accumulated depreciation
    (2,821,540 )     (2,526,888 )
 
           
Net real estate
    8,371,504       8,172,241  
Cash and cash equivalents
    219,047       210,461  
Restricted cash
    306,999       314,890  
Accounts receivable, net
    91,703       71,463  
Accounts receivable from affiliates, net
    32,842       34,958  
Deferred financing costs, net
    61,782       68,548  
Notes receivable from unconsolidated real estate partnerships, net
    30,326       35,186  
Notes receivable from non-affiliates, net
    150,460       143,054  
Notes receivable from Aimco
    15,353       14,765  
Investment in unconsolidated real estate partnerships
    113,362       116,086  
Other assets
    201,955       207,783  
Deferred income tax assets, net
    12,706       14,426  
Assets held for sale
    303,829       1,216,736  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 9,911,868     $ 10,620,597  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
               
Property tax-exempt bond financing
  $ 792,280     $ 779,737  
Property loans payable
    5,511,840       5,271,044  
Term loans
    475,000       475,000  
Credit facility
    5,100        
Other borrowings
    81,511       75,057  
 
           
Total indebtedness
    6,865,731       6,600,838  
 
           
Accounts payable
    36,477       56,792  
Accrued liabilities and other
    395,110       449,485  
Deferred income
    190,617       200,714  
Security deposits
    45,840       42,912  
Liabilities related to assets held for sale
    267,890       951,046  
 
           
Total liabilities
    7,801,665       8,301,787  
 
           
 
               
Minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships
    402,389       442,804  
 
               
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
               
 
               
Partners’ capital:
               
Preferred units
    775,209       803,593  
General Partner and Special Limited Partner
    716,565       853,615  
Limited Partners
    250,204       253,652  
High Performance Units
    (28,772 )     (28,703 )
Investment in Aimco Class A Common Stock
    (5,392 )     (6,151 )
 
           
Total partners’ capital
    1,707,814       1,876,006  
 
           
Total liabilities and partners’ capital
  $ 9,911,868     $ 10,620,597  
 
           
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per unit data)
(Unaudited)
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
REVENUES:
                               
Rental and other property revenues
  $ 361,996     $ 345,197     $ 1,070,604     $ 1,023,390  
Property management revenues, primarily from affiliates
    1,227       1,824       4,746       5,192  
Asset management and tax credit revenues
    32,755       12,747       83,782       39,554  
 
                       
Total revenues
    395,978       359,768       1,159,132       1,068,136  
 
                       
 
                               
OPERATING EXPENSES:
                               
Property operating expenses
    172,705       162,829       506,546       473,446  
Property management expenses
    1,560       1,333       4,018       5,268  
Investment management expenses
    5,842       5,812       15,859       15,799  
Depreciation and amortization
    120,771       110,946       343,636       318,691  
General and administrative expenses
    27,332       20,663       75,820       66,763  
Other (income) expenses, net
    (3,944 )     (4,953 )     7,316       (5,776 )
 
                       
Total operating expenses
    324,266       296,630       953,195       874,191  
 
                       
 
                               
Operating income
    71,712       63,138       205,937       193,945  
 
                               
Interest income
    5,546       10,954       14,836       31,112  
(Provision for) recoveries of losses on notes receivable, net
    (2,093 )     153       (3,786 )     (2,124 )
Interest expense
    (94,611 )     (92,699 )     (285,723 )     (271,461 )
Deficit distributions to minority partners, net
    (17,798 )     (11,640 )     (22,981 )     (13,998 )
Equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated real estate partnerships
    (1,559 )     348       (3,431 )     (1,710 )
Provision for real estate impairment losses
    (2,319 )           (2,319 )      
Gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other
    100,359       5,841       100,345       26,919  
 
                       
 
                               
Income (loss) before minority interests and discontinued operations
    59,237       (23,905 )     2,878       (37,317 )
 
                               
Minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships
    11,354       371       15,551       (1,896 )
 
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    70,591       (23,534 )     18,429       (39,213 )
Income from discontinued operations, net
    122,866       21,028       432,927       86,367  
 
                       
Net income (loss)
    193,457       (2,506 )     451,356       47,154  
Net income attributable to preferred unitholders
    14,186       20,802       45,771       57,061  
 
                       
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders
  $ 179,271     $ (23,308 )   $ 405,585     $ (9,907 )
 
                       
 
                               
Earnings (loss) per common unit — basic:
                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations (net of preferred distributions)
  $ 0.57     $ (0.38 )   $ (0.26 )   $ (0.83 )
Income from discontinued operations
    1.24       0.18       4.20       0.74  
 
                       
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders
  $ 1.81     $ (0.20 )   $ 3.94     $ (0.09 )
 
                       
Earnings (loss) per common unit — diluted:
                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations (net of preferred distributions)
  $ 0.57     $ (0.38 )   $ (0.26 )   $ (0.83 )
Income from discontinued operations
    1.23       0.18       4.20       0.74  
 
                       
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders
  $ 1.80     $ (0.20 )   $ 3.94     $ (0.09 )
 
                       
 
                               
Weighted average common units outstanding
    99,169       115,913       103,046       116,653  
 
                       
Weighted average common units and equivalents outstanding
    99,785       115,913       103,046       116,653  
 
                       
Distributions declared per common unit
  $ 2.83     $ 0.54     $ 3.40     $ 1.08  
 
                       
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
                 
    Nine Months  
    Ended September 30,  
    2008     2007  
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
               
Net income
  $ 451,356     $ 47,154  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    343,636       318,691  
Gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate
    (98,875 )     (169 )
Discontinued operations
    (405,244 )     (17,276 )
Other adjustments
    33,158       (34,082 )
Net changes in operating assets and operating liabilities
    11,196       3,116  
 
           
Net cash provided by operating activities
    335,227       317,434  
 
           
 
               
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
               
Purchases of real estate
    (75,907 )     (198,998 )
Capital expenditures
    (476,030 )     (456,377 )
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate
    1,419,909       356,943  
Change in funds held in escrow from tax-free exchanges
    (3,791 )     25,957  
Purchases of partnership interests and other assets
    (22,940 )     (41,819 )
Originations of notes receivable from unconsolidated real estate partnerships
    (5,887 )     (9,774 )
Proceeds from repayment of notes receivable
    7,037       14,418  
Distributions from investments in unconsolidated real estate partnerships
    86,279       2,909  
Other investing activities
    8,749       18,694  
 
           
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    937,419       (288,047 )
 
           
 
               
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
Proceeds from property loans
    522,564       1,315,111  
Principal repayments on property loans
    (853,435 )     (823,639 )
Proceeds from tax exempt bond financing
    21,988       82,350  
Principal repayments on tax-exempt bond financing
    (89,287 )     (68,443 )
Net borrowings on revolving credit facility
    5,100       10,000  
Repurchase of preferred units
    (24,840 )      
Repurchases of common OP units
    (452,297 )     (185,708 )
Proceeds from Aimco Class A Common Stock option exercises
    706       53,717  
Payment of distributions to minority interest
    (137,562 )     (48,495 )
Payment of distributions to General Partner and Special Limited Partner
    (159,589 )     (174,698 )
Payment of distributions to Limited Partners
    (43,734 )     (14,170 )
Payment of distributions on High Performance Units
    (14,536 )     (4,282 )
Payment of distributions to preferred units
    (47,269 )     (54,630 )
Other financing activities
    8,131       (8,830 )
 
           
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
    (1,264,060 )     78,283  
 
           
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
    8,586       107,670  
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD
    210,461       229,824  
 
           
 
               
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD
  $ 219,047     $ 337,494  
 
           
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2008
(Unaudited)
Note 1 — Organization
AIMCO Properties, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, or the Partnership, and together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the Company, was formed on May 16, 1994 to conduct the business of acquiring, redeveloping, leasing, and managing multifamily apartment properties. Our securities include Partnership Common Units, or common OP Units, Partnership Preferred Units, or preferred OP Units, and High Performance Partnership Units, or High Performance Units, which are collectively referred to as “OP Units.” Apartment Investment and Management Company, or Aimco, is the owner of our general partner, AIMCO-GP, Inc., or the General Partner, and special limited partner, AIMCO-LP Trust, or the Special Limited Partner. The General Partner and Special Limited Partner hold common OP Units and are the primary holders of outstanding preferred OP Units. “Limited Partners” refers to individuals or entities that are our limited partners, other than Aimco, the General Partner or the Special Limited Partner, and own common OP Units or preferred OP Units. Generally, after holding the common OP Units for one year, the Limited Partners have the right to redeem their common OP Units for cash, subject to our prior right to acquire some or all of the common OP Units tendered for redemption in exchange for shares of Aimco Class A Common Stock. Common OP Units redeemed for Aimco Class A Common Stock are generally on a one-for-one basis (subject to antidilution adjustments). Preferred OP Units and High Performance Units may or may not be redeemable based on their respective terms, as provided for in the Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AIMCO Properties, L.P. as amended, or the Partnership Agreement.
We, through our operating divisions and subsidiaries, hold substantially all of Aimco’s assets and manage the daily operations of Aimco’s business and assets. Aimco is required to contribute all proceeds from offerings of its securities to us. In addition, substantially all of Aimco’s assets must be owned through the Partnership; therefore, Aimco is generally required to contribute all assets acquired to us. In exchange for the contribution of offering proceeds or assets, Aimco receives additional interests in us with similar terms (e.g., if Aimco contributes proceeds of a preferred stock offering, Aimco (through the General Partner and Special Limited Partner) receives preferred OP Units with terms substantially similar to the preferred securities issued by Aimco).
Aimco frequently consummates transactions for our benefit. For legal, tax or other business reasons, Aimco may hold title or ownership of certain assets until they can be transferred to us. However, we have a controlling financial interest in substantially all of Aimco’s assets in the process of transfer to us. Except as the context otherwise requires, “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to the Partnership and the Partnership’s consolidated entities, collectively. Except as the context otherwise requires, “Aimco” refers to Aimco and Aimco’s consolidated entities, collectively.
As of September 30, 2008, we:
   
owned an equity interest in and consolidated 130,913 units in 573 properties (which we refer to as “consolidated”), of which 129,422 units were also managed by us;
 
   
owned an equity interest in and did not consolidate 10,172 units in 90 properties (which we refer to as “unconsolidated”), of which 5,009 units were also managed by us; and
 
   
provided services for or managed 36,998 units in 404 properties, primarily pursuant to long-term agreements (including 33,839 units in 370 properties for which we provide asset management services only, and not also property management services). In certain cases we may indirectly own generally less than one percent of the operations of such properties through a partnership syndication or other fund.
At September 30, 2008, we had outstanding 97,375,572 common OP Units, 28,200,280 preferred OP Units and 2,344,719 High Performance Units (excluding High Performance Units for which the applicable measurement period has not ended — see Note 6).

 

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In December 2007 and July 2008, we declared special distributions payable on January 30, 2008 and August 29, 2008, respectively, to holders of record of common OP Units and High Performance Units on December 31, 2007 and July 28, 2008, respectively. The special distributions were paid on common OP Units and High Performance Units in the amounts listed below. We distributed to Aimco common OP Units equal to the number of shares issued pursuant to Aimco’s corresponding special dividends (discussed below) in addition to approximately $0.60 per unit in cash. Holders of common OP Units other than Aimco and holders of High Performance Units received the distributions entirely in cash, in the amounts noted below.
Also in December 2007 and July 2008, Aimco’s board of directors declared corresponding special dividends payable on January 30, 2008 and August 29, 2008, respectively, to holders of record of Aimco Class A Common Stock on December 31, 2007 and July 28, 2008, respectively. A portion of the special dividends in the amounts of $0.60 per share represented payment of the regular dividend for the quarters ended December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008, and the remaining amount per share represented additional dividends associated with taxable gains from property dispositions. The special dividends were paid in the amounts listed in the table below. Portions of the special dividends were paid through the issuance of shares of Aimco’s Class A Common Stock, determined based on the average closing price of Aimco’s Class A Common Stock as previously disclosed.
                 
Special Distributions   January 2008     August 2008  
Distribution per unit
  $ 2.51     $ 3.00  
Total distribution
  $ 257.2 million     $ 285.5 million  
Common OP Units and High Performance Units outstanding on record date
    102,478,510       95,151,333  
Common OP Units held by Aimco
    92,795,891       85,619,144  
Total distribution on Aimco common OP Units
  $ 232.9 million     $ 256.9 million  
Cash distribution to Aimco
  $ 55.0 million     $ 51.4 million  
Portion of distribution paid to Aimco through issuance of common OP Units
  $ 177.9 million     $ 205.5 million  
Common OP Units issued to Aimco pursuant to distribution
    4,594,074       5,731,310  
Effective increase in outstanding common OP Units and High Performance units on record date
    4.48%       6.02%  
Cash distributed to holders of common OP Units and High Performance Units other than Aimco
  $ 24.3 million     $ 28.6 million  
 
               
Amounts after elimination of the effects of units held by us and our consolidated subsidiaries:
               
Common OP Units and High Performance Units outstanding on record date
    102,062,370       94,714,854  
Common OP Units held by Aimco
    92,379,751       85,182,665  
Total distribution
  $ 256.2 million     $ 284.1 million  
Total distribution on Aimco common OP units
  $ 231.9 million     $ 255.5 million  
Cash distribution to Aimco
  $ 54.8 million     $ 51.1 million  
Portion of dividend paid through issuance of shares
  $ 177.1 million     $ 204.4 million  
Common OP Units issued pursuant to distribution
    4,573,735       5,703,265  
The effect of the issuance of additional units pursuant to the special distributions has been retroactively reflected in each of the historical periods presented as if those units were issued and outstanding at the beginning of the earliest period presented; accordingly, all activity prior to the ex-dividend date of the special distributions, including unit issuances, repurchases and forfeitures, have been adjusted to reflect the effective increases in the number of units, except in limited instances where noted otherwise.
Note 2 — Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP, have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations, although management believes the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2008.

 

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The balance sheet at December 31, 2007, has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. Certain 2007 financial statement amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2008 presentation.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Partnership and its consolidated entities. Pursuant to a Management and Contribution Agreement between the Partnership and Aimco, we have acquired, in exchange for interests in the Partnership, the economic benefits of subsidiaries of Aimco in which we do not have an interest, and Aimco has granted us a right of first refusal to acquire such subsidiaries’ assets for no additional consideration. Pursuant to the agreement, Aimco has also granted us certain rights with respect to assets of such subsidiaries. We consolidate all variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary. Generally, we consolidate real estate partnerships and other entities that are not variable interest entities when we own, directly or indirectly, a majority voting interest in the entity or are otherwise able to control the entity.
Interests held in consolidated real estate partnerships by limited partners other than us are reflected as minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The assets of consolidated real estate partnerships owned or controlled by Aimco or us generally are not available to pay creditors of Aimco or the Partnership.
As used herein, and except where the context otherwise requires, “partnership” refers to a limited partnership or a limited liability company and “partner” refers to a partner in a limited partnership or a member in a limited liability company.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts included in the financial statements and accompanying notes thereto. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
We test for the recoverability of real estate assets that do not currently meet all conditions to be classified as held for sale, but are expected to be disposed of prior to the end of their estimated useful lives. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a property may not be recoverable, we make an assessment of its recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to our estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows of the property, excluding interest charges. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated aggregate undiscounted future cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the property. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, based on the shortened anticipated holding period for certain properties classified as held for use, we recognized impairment losses of $2.3 million. We recognized no such impairment losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007.
If an impairment loss is not required to be recorded under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, or SFAS 144, the recognition of depreciation is adjusted prospectively, as necessary, to reduce the carrying amount of the real estate to its estimated disposition value over the remaining period that the real estate is expected to be held and used. We also may adjust depreciation prospectively to reduce to zero the carrying amount of buildings that we plan to demolish in connection with a redevelopment project. These depreciation adjustments decreased net income by $3.1 million and $11.4 million, and resulted in a decrease in basic and diluted earnings per unit of $0.03 and $0.10, for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, these depreciation adjustments decreased net income by $9.6 million and $34.4 million, and resulted in a decrease in basic and diluted earnings per unit of $0.09 and $0.29, respectively.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we evaluated the recoverability of our $6.3 million equity investment in a group purchasing organization and a related $3.4 million note receivable. We initiated our evaluation as a result of information concerning its relationships with significant vendors. Based on our evaluation, we recorded impairments of $2.5 million in equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated real estate partnerships and $1.4 million in (provision for) recoveries of losses on notes receivable to adjust the carrying amounts of our equity investment and note receivable, respectively, to their estimated fair values. We did not recognize any such impairments during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.

 

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we reassessed our approach to communication technology needs at our properties, which resulted in the discontinuation of an infrastructure project and a $4.8 million write-off of related hardware and capitalized internal and consulting costs included in other assets. The write-off, which is net of estimated sales proceeds totaling $2.1 million, is included in other (income) expenses, net. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we additionally recorded a $1.0 million write-off of certain software and hardware assets that are no longer consistent with our information technology strategy. This write-off is included in depreciation and amortization. During the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we abandoned certain internal-use software development projects and recorded a $1.8 million write-off of the capitalized costs of such projects in depreciation and amortization.
Income Taxes
In March 2008, we were notified by the Internal Revenue Service that it intended to examine our 2006 Federal tax return. During June 2008, the IRS issued AIMCO-GP, Inc., our general and tax matters partner, a summary report including the government’s proposed adjustments to our 2006 Federal tax return. We do not expect the proposed adjustments to have any material effect on our unrecognized tax benefits, financial condition or results of operations.
Adoption of SFAS 157
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or SFAS 157. SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. SFAS 157 applies whenever other standards require assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value and does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. SFAS 157 establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes the information used in developing fair value estimates and requires disclosure of fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable data (Level 3 measurements), such as the reporting entity’s own data. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157, which deferred the effective date of SFAS 157 for all nonrecurring fair value measurements of non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities until fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The provisions of SFAS 157 are applicable to recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements of financial assets and liabilities for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted the provisions of SFAS 157 effective January 1, 2008, and at that time determined no transition adjustment was required.
Basis of Fair Value Measurement (Valuation Hierarchy)
SFAS 157 establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
       
 
Level 1 –
 
Unadjusted quoted prices for identical and unrestricted assets or liabilities in active markets
 
 
Level 2 –
 
Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument
 
 
Level 3 –
 
Unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement
A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for our significant financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Although some of the valuation methodologies use observable market inputs in limited instances, the majority of inputs we use are unobservable and are therefore classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

 

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Fair Value    
Measurement   Valuation Methodologies
Notes receivable
 
We assess the collectibility of notes receivable on a periodic basis, which assessment consists primarily of an evaluation of cash flow projections of the borrower to determine whether estimated cash flows are sufficient to repay principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of the note. We recognize impairments on notes receivable when it is probable that principal and interest will not be received in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. The amount of the impairment to be recognized generally is based on the fair value of the real estate, the collateral for the loan, which represents the primary source of loan repayment. The fair value of the collateral, such as real estate or interests in real estate partnerships, is estimated through income and market valuation approaches using information such as broker estimates, purchase prices for recent transactions on comparable assets and net operating income capitalization analyses using observable and unobservable inputs such as capitalization rates, asset quality grading, geographic location analysis, and local supply and demand observations.
 
   
Total rate of return swaps
 
Our total rate of return swaps have contractually-defined termination values generally equal to the difference between the fair value and the counterparty’s purchased value of the underlying borrowings. Upon termination, we are required to pay the counterparty the difference if the fair value is less than the purchased value, and the counterparty is required to pay us the difference if the fair value is greater than the purchased value. The underlying borrowings are generally callable, at our option, at face value prior to maturity and with no prepayment penalty. Due to our control of the call features in the underlying borrowings, we believe the inherent value of any differential between the fixed and variable cash payments due under the swaps would be significantly discounted by a market participant willing to purchase or assume any rights and obligations under these contracts.
 
   
 
 
The swaps are generally cross-collateralized with other swap contracts with the same counterparty and do not allow transfer or assignment, thus there is no alternate or secondary market for these instruments. Accordingly, our assumptions of the fair value that a willing market participant would assign in valuing these instruments are based on a hypothetical market in which the highest and best use of these contracts is in-use in combination with the related borrowings, similar to how we utilize the contracts. Based on these assumptions, we believe the termination value, or exit value, of the swaps approximates the fair value that would be assigned by a willing market participant. We calculate the termination value using a market approach by reference to estimates of the fair value of the underlying borrowings, which are discussed below, and an evaluation of potential changes in the credit quality of the counterparties to these arrangements. We compare our estimates of fair value of the swaps and related borrowings to valuations provided by the counterparties on a quarterly basis.
 
   
 
 
Our method for calculating fair value of the swaps generally results in changes in fair value equal to the changes in fair value of the related borrowings. We believe these instruments are highly effective in offsetting the changes in fair value of the borrowings during the hedging period.

 

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Changes in fair value of borrowings subject to total rate of return swaps
 
We recognize changes in the fair value of certain borrowings subject to total rate of return swaps, which we have designated as fair value hedges in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, or SFAS 133.
 
   
 
 
We estimate the fair value of debt instruments using an income and market approach, including comparison of the contractual terms to observable and unobservable inputs such as market interest rate risk spreads, collateral quality and loan-to-value ratios on similarly encumbered assets within our portfolio. These borrowings are collateralized and non-recourse to us; therefore, we believe changes in our credit rating will not materially affect a market participant’s estimate of the borrowings’ fair value.
The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, although we believe our valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.
Amounts reported at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2008, all of which are based on significant unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, are summarized below (in thousands):
         
    Assets (Liabilities)  
Total rate of return swaps
  $ (22,836 )
Cumulative reduction of carrying amount of debt instruments subject to total rate of return swaps
  $ 22,836  
Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The table below presents the balance sheet amounts at December 31, 2007, and September 30, 2008 (and the changes in fair value between such dates) for fair value measurements classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy (in thousands). When a determination is made to classify a fair value measurement within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable factors to the overall fair value measurement. However, Level 3 fair value measurements typically include, in addition to the unobservable or Level 3 components, observable components that can be validated to observable external sources; accordingly, the changes in fair value in the table below are due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology.
                                 
            Unrealized     Realized        
    Fair value at     Gains (Losses)     gains (losses)     Fair value at  
    December 31,     included in     included in     September 30,  
    2007     earnings (1)     earnings (2)     2008  
 
Total rate of return swaps
                  $            
 
  $ (9,420 )   $ (13,416 )(3)         $ (22,836 )
Changes in fair value of debt instruments subject to total rate of return swaps
    9,420       13,416  (3)           22,836  
 
                       
Total
  $     $     $     $  
 
                       
     
(1)  
Unrealized gains (losses) relate to periodic revaluations of fair value and have not resulted from the settlement of a swap position.
 
(2)  
For total rate of return swaps, realized gains (losses) occur upon the settlement, resulting from the repayment of the underlying borrowings or the early termination of the swap, and include any net amounts paid or received upon such settlement. During the three months ended September 30, 2008, we terminated total rate of return swaps with notional amounts totaling $47.4 million in connection with the sale of two properties and repayment of the related hedged debt. The debt was repaid at the swap counterparty’s purchased value and accordingly we incurred no termination payment upon termination of the related swaps.
 
(3)  
Included in interest expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

 

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Adoption of SFAS 159
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Asset and Financial Liabilities, or SFAS 159. SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. The objective is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. SFAS 159 also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between entities that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We implemented SFAS 159 on January 1, 2008, and at that time did not elect the fair value option for any of our financial instruments or other items within the scope of SFAS 159.
Note 3 — Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions
Real Estate Acquisitions
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we acquired two conventional properties with a total of 328 units, located in San Jose, California and Brighton, Massachusetts. The aggregate purchase price of $75.0 million, excluding transaction costs, was funded using $35.0 million in proceeds from mortgage loans, $27.9 million in tax-free exchange proceeds (provided by 2008 real estate dispositions) and the remainder in cash. During the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we acquired 15 conventional properties with 1,305 units for an aggregate purchase price of $206.8 million, including transaction costs. Of the 15 properties acquired, nine are located in New York City; two in Daytona Beach, Florida; one in Park Forest, Illinois; one in Poughkeepsie, New York; one in Redwood City, California and one property in North San Diego, California. The purchase included the assumption of $16.0 million of mortgage debt, and the remainder of the purchase price was funded using $46.1 million in proceeds from mortgage loans, cash of $57.5 million and tax free exchange proceeds of $87.2 million.
Real Estate Dispositions (Discontinued Operations)
We are currently marketing for sale certain real estate properties that are inconsistent with our long-term investment strategy. At the end of each reporting period, we evaluate whether such properties meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale, including whether such properties are expected to be sold within twelve months. Additionally, certain properties that do not meet all of the criteria to be classified as held for sale at the balance sheet date may nevertheless be sold and included in discontinued operations in the subsequent twelve months; thus the number of properties that may be sold during the subsequent twelve months could exceed the number classified as held for sale. At September 30, 2008, we had 25 properties, with an aggregate of 6,039 units, classified as held for sale. Amounts classified as held for sale in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows (in thousands):
                 
    September 30,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
Real estate, net
  $ 299,653     $ 1,200,748  
Other assets
    4,176       15,988  
 
           
Assets held for sale
  $ 303,829     $ 1,216,736  
 
           
 
               
Property debt
  $ 240,837     $ 942,560  
Other liabilities
    27,053       8,486  
 
           
Liabilities related to assets held for sale
  $ 267,890     $ 951,046  
 
           

 

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we sold 88 properties with an aggregate of 23,551 units. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we sold 73 properties with an aggregate of 11,588 units. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, discontinued operations includes the results of operations for the periods prior to the date of sale for all properties sold or classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2008.
The following is a summary of the components of income from discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
Rental and other property revenues
  $ 31,044     $ 76,902     $ 167,450     $ 246,806  
Property operating expenses
    (13,882 )     (41,210 )     (81,695 )     (124,201 )
Depreciation and amortization
    (7,238 )     (18,773 )     (39,397 )     (59,936 )
Other expenses, net
    (4,967 )     (1,771 )     (6,502 )     (4,099 )
 
                       
 
                               
Operating income
    4,957       15,148       39,856       58,570  
Interest income
    420       517       974       1,662  
Interest expense
    (6,194 )     (15,038 )     (31,453 )     (49,467 )
Gain on extinguishment of debt
                      22,852  
Minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships
    298       2,126       855       (1,427 )
 
                       
Income (loss) before gain on dispositions of real estate, impairment losses, deficit distributions to minority partners and income tax
    (519 )     2,753       10,232       32,190  
Gain on dispositions of real estate, net of minority partners’ interest
    128,301       17,406       443,795       57,296  
Real estate impairment losses, net
    (1,798 )           (8,334 )     (783 )
Recovery of deficit distributions (deficit distributions) to minority partners
    909       (282 )     8,325       (726 )
Income tax arising from dispositions
    (4,027 )     1,151       (21,091 )     (1,610 )
 
                       
Income from discontinued operations, net
  $ 122,866     $ 21,028     $ 432,927     $ 86,367  
 
                       
Gain on dispositions of real estate is reported net of incremental direct costs incurred in connection with the transaction, including any prepayment penalties incurred upon repayment of mortgage loans collateralized by the property being sold. Such prepayment penalties totaled $20.8 million and $45.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, and $5.1 million and $10.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, we recorded impairment losses totaling $1.8 million and $8.3 million on assets held for sale to reduce the carrying amounts for those properties to their estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell. During the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we recorded impairment losses totaling $0.8 million. We classify interest expense related to property level debt within discontinued operations when the related real estate asset is sold or classified as held for sale.

 

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Dispositions of Unconsolidated Real Estate
During the three months ended September 30, 2008, unconsolidated real estate partnerships disposed of two properties with 671 units. Our interest in the net gain on dispositions totaled $98.4 million and is included in gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other in the accompanying statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Note 4 — Other Significant Transactions
Common Stock Repurchases
Aimco’s board of directors has, from time to time, authorized Aimco to repurchase shares of its outstanding capital stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, Aimco repurchased 12,654,526 and 3,830,740 shares of its Class A Common Stock for cash totaling $423.5 million and $175.4 million, respectively. Concurrently, we repurchased from Aimco a corresponding number of common OP Units. We also paid cash totaling $28.7 million and $10.3 million in January 2008 and 2007, respectively, to settle Aimco’s repurchases of its Class A Common Stock in December 2007 and 2006. As of September 30, 2008, Aimco was authorized to repurchase approximately 21.3 million additional shares. In the event of any future repurchases by Aimco of shares of its Class A Common Stock, it is expected that the Partnership would repurchase an equal number of common OP Units owned by Aimco.
Partial Repurchase of Series A Community Reinvestment Act Perpetual Preferred Units
During September 2008, Aimco repurchased 54 shares, or $27.0 million in liquidation preference, of its Series A Community Reinvestment Act Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, for cash totaling $24.8 million. Concurrent with this redemption we repurchased from Aimco an equivalent number of outstanding Series A Community Reinvestment Act Perpetual OP Preferred Units. In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Topic D-42, The Effect on the Calculation of Earnings Per Share for the Redemption or Induced Conversion of Preferred Stock, or EITF Topic D-42, the $2.2 million excess of the carrying value over the redemption price, offset by $0.7 million of issuance costs previously recorded as a reduction of partners capital, is reflected as a reduction of net income attributable to preferred unitholders for purposes of calculating earnings per unit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Redemption of Convertible Preferred Units
On September 30, 2007, Aimco redeemed all 1,904,762 outstanding shares of its privately held 8.1% Class W Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Class W”). The redemption price per share was approximately $54.61, (which includes a redemption price per share of $53.55 (which is 102% of the $52.50 per share liquidation preference) plus approximately $1.06, (which is the per share amount of accumulated, accrued and unpaid dividends on the Class W through the redemption date), or an aggregate redemption price of approximately $104.0 million. Concurrent with this redemption we redeemed the outstanding Class W Partnership Preferred Units. In accordance with EITF Topic D-42, the $2.0 million excess of the redemption price over the carrying value (the 2% redemption premium) and $0.6 million of issuance costs previously recorded as a reduction of partners capital are reflected as an increase of net income attributable to preferred unitholders for purposes of calculating earnings per unit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007.
Casualty Loss Related to Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricane Ike
During the three months ended September 30, 2008, Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricane Ike caused severe damage to certain of our properties located primarily in Florida and Texas, respectively. We estimated total losses of approximately $29.6 million, including property damage replacement cost and clean-up cost. After consideration of estimated third party insurance proceeds and the minority interest partners’ share of losses for consolidated real estate partnerships, the net effect of these casualties on net income was a loss of approximately $5.3 million.

 

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Transactions Involving VMS National Properties Joint Venture
In January 2007, VMS National Properties Joint Venture, or VMS, a consolidated real estate partnership in which we held a 22% equity interest, refinanced mortgage loans secured by its 15 apartment properties. The existing loans had an aggregate carrying amount of $110.0 million and an aggregate face amount of $152.2 million. The $42.2 million difference between the face amount and carrying amount resulted from a 1997 bankruptcy settlement in which the lender agreed to reduce the principal amount of the loans subject to VMS’s compliance with the terms of the restructured loans. Because the reduction in the loan amount was contingent on future compliance, recognition of the inherent debt extinguishment gain was deferred. Upon refinancing of the loans in January 2007, the existing lender accepted the reduced principal amount in full satisfaction of the loans, and VMS recognized the $42.2 million debt extinguishment gain in earnings.
During 2007, VMS sold eight properties to third parties and we acquired its seven remaining properties. Approximately $22.8 million of the $42.2 million debt extinguishment gain relates to the mortgage loans that were secured by the eight properties sold to third parties and is reported in discontinued operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The remaining $19.4 million portion of the debt extinguishment gain relates to the mortgage loans that were secured by the seven VMS properties we purchased and is reported in our continuing operations as gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other. The eight properties sold to third parties were sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2007, at an aggregate gain of $22.8 million. Although 78% of the equity interests in VMS were held by unrelated minority partners, no minority interest share of the gains on debt extinguishment and sale of the properties was recognized in our earnings. As required by GAAP, we had in prior years recognized the minority partners’ share of VMS losses in excess of the minority partners’ capital contributions. The amounts of those previously recognized losses exceeded the minority partners’ share of the gains on debt extinguishment and sale of the properties; accordingly, no minority interest in such gains has been recognized in our earnings. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, the aggregate effect of the gains on extinguishment of VMS debt and sale of VMS properties was to decrease loss from continuing operations by $19.4 million ($0.17 per diluted unit) and increase net income by $65.0 million ($0.56 per diluted unit).
Flamingo South Beach Property
The Flamingo South Beach property consists of three towers. In connection with sale of the South Tower in 2006, the buyer paid to us a $5.0 million non-refundable fee for the option to purchase the 614-unit North Tower between September 1, 2006 and February 28, 2007 and the 513-unit Central Tower between December 1, 2007 and May 31, 2008. Pursuant to the purchase and sale agreement, the buyer paid to us an additional $1.0 million non-refundable fee to extend the option period for the buyer’s purchase of the North Tower from February 28, 2007 to October 31, 2007. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 66, Accounting for Sales of Real Estate, we deferred the recognition of the non-refundable fees. In September 2007, the buyer terminated its rights under the option agreement and we recognized income of $6.0 million, or $5.5 million, net of tax, during the three months ended September 30, 2007, which is presented in gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other in the accompanying statements of income.
Note 5 — Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
In connection with our redevelopment and capital improvement activities, we have commitments of approximately $104.6 million related to construction projects, most of which we expect to incur within one year. Additionally, we enter into certain commitments for future purchases of goods and services in connection with the operations of our properties. Those commitments generally have terms of one year or less and reflect expenditure levels comparable to our historical expenditures.
We have committed to fund an additional $5.5 million in second mortgage loans on certain properties in West Harlem, in New York City. In certain circumstances, we also could be required to acquire the properties for cash and/or assumption of first mortgage debt totaling approximately $149.0 million to $216.0 million, in addition to amounts funded and committed under the related loan agreement.
Tax Credit Arrangements
We are required to manage certain consolidated real estate partnerships in compliance with various laws, regulations and contractual provisions that apply to our historic and low-income housing tax credit syndication arrangements. In some instances, noncompliance with applicable requirements could result in projected tax benefits not being realized and require a refund or reduction of investor capital contributions, which are reported as deferred income in our consolidated balance sheet, until such time as our obligation to deliver tax benefits is relieved. The remaining compliance periods for our tax credit syndication arrangements range from less than one year to 15 years. At September 30, 2008, we do not anticipate that any material refunds or reductions of investor capital contributions will be required in connection with these arrangements.

 

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Legal Matters
In addition to the matters described below, we are a party to various legal actions and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are covered by our general liability insurance program, and none of which we expect to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Limited Partnerships
In connection with our acquisitions of interests in real estate partnerships, we are sometimes subject to legal actions, including allegations that such activities may involve breaches of fiduciary duties to the partners of such real estate partnerships or violations of the relevant partnership agreements. We may incur costs in connection with the defense or settlement of such litigation. We believe that we comply with our fiduciary obligations and relevant partnership agreements. Although the outcome of any litigation is uncertain, we do not expect any such legal actions to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Environmental
Various Federal, state and local laws subject property owners or operators to liability for management, and the costs of removal or remediation, of certain hazardous substances present on a property. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release or presence of the hazardous substances. The presence of, or the failure to manage or remedy properly, hazardous substances may adversely affect occupancy at affected apartment communities and the ability to sell or finance affected properties. In addition to the costs associated with investigation and remediation actions brought by government agencies, and potential fines or penalties imposed by such agencies in connection therewith, the presence of hazardous substances on a property could result in claims by private plaintiffs for personal injury, disease, disability or other infirmities. Various laws also impose liability for the cost of removal, remediation or disposal of hazardous substances through a licensed disposal or treatment facility. Anyone who arranges for the disposal or treatment of hazardous substances is potentially liable under such laws. These laws often impose liability whether or not the person arranging for the disposal ever owned or operated the disposal facility. In connection with the ownership, operation and management of properties, we could potentially be liable for environmental liabilities or costs associated with our properties or properties we acquire or manage in the future.
We have determined that our legal obligations to remove or remediate hazardous substances may be conditional asset retirement obligations, as defined in FASB Interpretation No. 47, Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations. Except in limited circumstances where the asset retirement activities are expected to be performed in connection with a planned construction project or property casualty, we believe that the fair value of our asset retirement obligations cannot be reasonably estimated due to significant uncertainties in the timing and manner of settlement of those obligations. Asset retirement obligations that are reasonably estimable as of September 30, 2008, are immaterial to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Mold
Aimco has been named as a defendant in lawsuits that have alleged personal injury and property damage as a result of the presence of mold. In addition, we are aware of lawsuits against owners and managers of multifamily properties asserting claims of personal injury and property damage caused by the presence of mold, some of which have resulted in substantial monetary judgments or settlements. We have only limited insurance coverage for property damage loss claims arising from the presence of mold and for personal injury claims related to mold exposure. We have implemented policies, procedures, third-party audits and training, and include a detailed moisture intrusion and mold assessment during acquisition due diligence. We believe these measures will prevent or eliminate mold exposure from our properties and will minimize the effects that mold may have on our residents. To date, we have not incurred any material costs or liabilities relating to claims of mold exposure or to abate mold conditions. Because the law regarding mold is unsettled and subject to change, we can make no assurance that liabilities resulting from the presence of or exposure to mold will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

 

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FLSA Litigation
As previously disclosed, we and NHP Management Company (“NHPMN”), our subsidiary, were defendants in a lawsuit, filed as a collective action in August 2003 in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, alleging that they willfully violated the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) by failing to pay maintenance workers overtime for time worked in excess of 40 hours per week (“overtime claims”). The plaintiffs also contended that we and NHPMN failed to compensate maintenance workers for time that they were required to be “on-call” (“on-call claims”). In March 2007, the court in the District of Columbia decertified the collective action. In July 2007, plaintiffs’ counsel filed individual cases in Federal court in 22 different jurisdictions. In the second quarter 2008, we settled the overtime cases involving 652 plaintiffs and established a framework for resolving the 88 remaining “on-call” claims and the attorneys’ fees claimed by plaintiffs’ counsel. As a result, the lawsuits asserted in the 22 Federal courts will be dismissed.
Note 6 — Earnings per Unit
We calculate earnings per unit based on the weighted average number of common OP Units, common OP Unit equivalents and dilutive convertible securities outstanding during the period. We consider both common OP Units and Class I HPUs, which have identical rights to distributions and undistributed earnings, to be common units for purposes of the earnings per unit data presented here. The following table illustrates the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per unit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands, except per unit data):
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
Numerator:
                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ 70,591     $ (23,534 )   $ 18,429     $ (39,213 )
Less net income attributable to preferred unitholders
    (14,186 )     (20,802 )     (45,771 )     (57,061 )
 
                       
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per unit — Income (loss) from continuing operations (net of income attributable to preferred unitholders)
  $ 56,405     $ (44,336 )   $ (27,342 )   $ (96,274 )
 
                       
 
                               
Income from discontinued operations
  $ 122,866     $ 21,028     $ 432,927     $ 86,367  
 
                       
 
                               
Net income (loss)
  $ 193,457     $ (2,506 )   $ 451,356     $ 47,154  
Less net income attributable to preferred unitholders
    (14,186 )     (20,802 )     (45,771 )     (57,061 )
 
                       
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per unit — Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders
  $ 179,271     $ (23,308 )   $ 405,585     $ (9,907 )
 
                       
Denominator:
                               
Denominator for basic earnings per unit — weighted average number of shares of common units outstanding
                               
Common OP Units
    96,801       113,534       100,671       114,274  
Class I HPUs
    2,368       2,379       2,375       2,379  
 
                       
Total common units
    99,169       115,913       103,046       116,653  
Effect of dilutive securities:
                               
Dilutive potential common units
    616                    
 
                       
Denominator for diluted earnings per unit
    99,785       115,913       103,046       116,653  
 
                       
Earnings (loss) per common unit:
                               
Basic earnings (loss) per common unit:
                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations (net of income attributable to preferred unitholders)
  $ 0.57     $ (0.38 )   $ (0.26 )   $ (0.83 )
Income from discontinued operations
    1.24       0.18       4.20       0.74  
 
                       
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders
  $ 1.81     $ (0.20 )   $ 3.94     $ (0.09 )
 
                       
Diluted earnings (loss) per common unit:
                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations (net of income attributable to preferred unitholders)
  $ 0.57     $ (0.38 )   $ (0.26 )   $ (0.83 )
Income from discontinued operations
    1.23       0.18       4.20       0.74  
 
                       
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders
  $ 1.80     $ (0.20 )   $ 3.94     $ (0.09 )
 
                       
Weighted average common OP Units outstanding, dilutive potential common shares and earnings (loss) per common unit for each of the periods presented have been retroactively adjusted for the effect of the special distributions discussed in Note 1.

 

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Prior to its redemption on September 30, 2007, the Class W Partnership Preferred Units that were convertible into common OP Units were anti-dilutive on an “if converted” basis. Therefore, we deducted all of the distributions payable on the convertible preferred OP Units to arrive at the numerator and no additional units were included in the denominator when calculating basic and diluted earnings per common unit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007. As of September 30, 2008 and 2007, the common unit equivalents that could potentially dilute basic earnings per unit in future periods totaled 9.7 million and 10.1 million, respectively. These securities, including stock options, restricted stock awards and officer loan shares, have been excluded from the earnings per unit computations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three months ended September 30, 2008, dilutive potential common units of 616 related to these securities have been included in earnings per unit computations.
We consider the High Performance Units for which the applicable measurement period has not ended to be potential common OP Unit equivalents. As of September 30, 2008, the related performance benchmarks for the Class IX High Performance Units would not have been achieved if the related measurement period had ended on that date. As of September 30, 2007, the related performance benchmarks for the Class VIII and Class IX High Performance Units would not have been achieved if the related measurement period had ended on that date.
Note 7 — Recent Accounting Developments
In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141(R), Business Combinations — a replacement of FASB Statement No. 141, or SFAS 141(R). SFAS 141(R) applies to all transactions or events in which an entity obtains control of one or more businesses, including those effected without the transfer of consideration, for example, by contract or through a lapse of minority veto rights. SFAS 141(R) requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize the full fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction (whether a full or partial acquisition); establishes the acquisition-date fair value as the measurement objective for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed; requires expensing of most transaction and restructuring costs; and requires the acquirer to disclose to investors and other users all of the information needed to evaluate and understand the nature and financial effect of the business combination. SFAS 141(R) is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and early adoption is not permitted. We have not yet determined the effect that SFAS 141(R) will have on our financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an amendment of ARB No. 51, or SFAS 160. SFAS 160 clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in a consolidated entity which should be reported as equity in the parent’s consolidated financial statements. SFAS 160 requires a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests and disclosure, on the face of the consolidated income statements, of those amounts of consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests, eliminating the past practice of reporting these amounts as an adjustment in arriving at consolidated net income. SFAS 160 requires a parent to recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated and requires the parent to attribute to noncontrolling interests their share of losses even if such attribution results in a deficit noncontrolling interests balance within the parent’s equity accounts. SFAS 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008 and requires retroactive application of the presentation and disclosure requirements for all periods presented. Early adoption is not permitted. We have not yet determined the effect that SFAS 160 will have on our financial statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133, or SFAS 161. SFAS 161 expands the disclosure requirements of SFAS 133 to require qualitative disclosures about the objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about the fair value of gains and losses on derivative instruments and disclosures on credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative contracts. SFAS 161 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, with early adoption encouraged. At initial adoption, SFAS 161 also encourages, but does not require, comparative disclosures for earlier periods. We do not anticipate SFAS 161 will have a material effect on our financial statements.
In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP EITF 03-6-1, Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions are Participating Securities, or the FSP. The FSP clarifies that unvested share-based payment awards that participate in dividends similar to shares of common stock or common partnership units should be treated as participating securities. The FSP may affect the computation of basic earnings per share for unvested restricted stock awards and shares purchased pursuant to officer stock loans, which serve as collateral for such loans, both of which entitle the holders to dividends. The FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and quarters within those years. We do not anticipate the FSP will have a material effect on our financial statements.

 

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Note 8 — Business Segments
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, or SFAS 131, requires that segment disclosures present the measure(s) used by the chief operating decision maker for purposes of assessing such segments’ performance. Our chief operating decision maker is comprised of several members of our executive management team who use several generally accepted industry financial measures to assess the performance of the business, including net asset value, which is the estimated fair value of our assets, net of debt, or NAV; funds from operations, or FFO; adjusted funds from operations, which is FFO less spending for capital replacements; same store property operating results; net operating income; free cash flow, which is net operating income less spending for capital replacements; economic income, which represents changes in NAV plus cash dividends; financial coverage ratios; and leverage as shown on our balance sheet. The chief operating decision maker emphasizes net operating income as a key measurement of segment profit or loss. Net operating income is generally defined as segment revenues less direct segment operating expenses.
We have two reportable segments: real estate and investment management.
Real Estate Segment
Our real estate segment owns and operates properties that generate rental and other property-related income through the leasing of apartment units to a diverse base of residents. Our real estate segment’s net operating income also includes income from property management services performed for unconsolidated partnerships and unrelated parties.
Investment Management Segment
Our investment management segment includes portfolio strategy, capital allocation, joint ventures, tax credit syndication, acquisitions, dispositions and other transaction activities. Within our owned portfolio, we refer to these activities as “Portfolio Management,” and their benefit is seen in property operating results and in investment gains. For affiliated partnerships, we refer to these activities as “Asset Management,” for which we are separately compensated through fees paid by third party investors. The expenses of this segment consist primarily of the costs of departments that perform these activities. These activities are conducted in part by our taxable subsidiaries, and the related net operating income may be subject to income taxes. Our investment management segment’s operating results also include gains on dispositions of non-depreciable assets, accretion of loan discounts resulting from transactional activities and certain other income in arriving at income (loss) from continuing operations for the segment.
The following tables present the revenues, net operating income (loss) and income (loss) from continuing operations of our real estate and investment management segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
                                 
            Investment     Corporate        
    Real Estate     Management     (Not Allocated        
    Segment     Segment     to Segments)     Total  
Three Months Ended September 30, 2008:
                               
Rental and other property revenues
  $ 361,996     $     $     $ 361,996  
Property management revenues, primarily from affiliates
    1,227                   1,227  
Asset management and tax credit revenues
          32,755             32,755  
 
                       
Total revenues
    363,223       32,755             395,978  
 
                       
 
                               
Property operating expenses
    172,705                   172,705  
Property management expenses
    1,560                   1,560  
Investment management expenses
          5,842             5,842  
Depreciation and amortization (1)
                120,771       120,771  
General and administrative expenses
                27,332       27,332  
Other income, net
                (3,944 )     (3,944 )
 
                       
Total operating expenses
    174,265       5,842       144,159       324,266  
 
                       
Net operating income (loss)
    188,958       26,913       (144,159 )     71,712  
Other items included in continuing operations (2)
          4,418       (5,539 )     (1,121 )
 
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ 188,958     $ 31,331     $ (149,698 )   $ 70,591  
 
                       

 

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            Investment     Corporate        
    Real Estate     Management     (Not Allocated        
    Segment     Segment     to Segments)     Total  
Three Months Ended September 30, 2007:
                               
Rental and other property revenues
  $ 345,197     $     $     $ 345,197  
Property management revenues, primarily from affiliates
    1,824                   1,824  
Asset management and tax credit revenues
          12,747             12,747  
 
                       
Total revenues
    347,021       12,747             359,768  
 
                       
 
                               
Property operating expenses
    162,829                   162,829  
Property management expenses
    1,333                   1,333  
Investment management expenses
          5,812             5,812  
Depreciation and amortization (1)
                110,946       110,946  
General and administrative expenses
                20,663       20,663  
Other income, net
                (4,953 )     (4,953 )
 
                       
Total operating expenses
    164,162       5,812       126,656       296,630  
 
                       
Net operating income (loss)
    182,859       6,935       (126,656 )     63,138  
Other items included in continuing operations (2)
          9,812       (96,484 )     (86,672 )
 
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ 182,859     $ 16,747     $ (223,140 )   $ (23,534 )
 
                       
                                 
            Investment     Corporate        
    Real Estate     Management     (Not Allocated        
    Segment     Segment     to Segments)     Total  
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008:
                               
Rental and other property revenues
  $ 1,070,604     $     $     $ 1,070,604  
Property management revenues, primarily from affiliates
    4,746                   4,746  
Asset management and tax credit revenues
          83,782             83,782  
 
                       
Total revenues
    1,075,350       83,782             1,159,132  
 
                       
 
                               
Property operating expenses
    506,546                   506,546  
Property management expenses
    4,018                   4,018  
Investment management expenses
          15,859             15,859  
Depreciation and amortization (1)
                343,636       343,636  
General and administrative expenses
                75,820       75,820  
Other expenses, net
                7,316       7,316  
 
                       
Total operating expenses
    510,564       15,859       426,772       953,195  
 
                       
Net operating income (loss)
    564,786       67,923       (426,772 )     205,937  
Other items included in continuing operations (2)
          6,231       (193,739 )     (187,508 )
 
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ 564,786     $ 74,154     $ (620,511 )   $ 18,429  
 
                       

 

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            Investment     Corporate        
    Real Estate     Management     (Not Allocated        
    Segment     Segment     to Segments)     Total  
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007:
                               
Rental and other property revenues
  $ 1,023,390     $     $     $ 1,023,390  
Property management revenues, primarily from affiliates
    5,192                   5,192  
Asset management and tax credit revenues
          39,554             39,554  
 
                       
Total revenues
    1,028,582       39,554             1,068,136  
 
                       
 
                               
Property operating expenses
    473,446                   473,446  
Property management expenses
    5,268                   5,268  
Investment management expenses
          15,799             15,799  
Depreciation and amortization (1)
                318,691       318,691  
General and administrative expenses
                66,763       66,763  
Other income, net
                (5,776 )     (5,776 )
 
                       
Total operating expenses
    478,714       15,799       379,678       874,191  
 
                       
Net operating income (loss)
    549,868       23,755       (379,678 )     193,945  
Other items included in continuing operations (2)
          14,611       (247,769 )     (233,158 )
 
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ 549,868     $ 38,366     $ (627,447 )   $ (39,213 )
 
                       
     
(1)  
Our chief operating decision maker assesses the performance of real estate using, among other measures, net operating income, excluding depreciation and amortization. Accordingly, we do not allocate depreciation and amortization to the real estate segment.
 
(2)  
Other items in continuing operations for the investment management segment include accretion income recognized on discounted notes receivable and other income items associated with transactional activities. Other items in continuing operations not allocated to segments include: (i) interest income and expense; (ii) recoveries of, or provisions for, losses on notes receivable and impairment of real estate, net; (iii) deficit distributions to minority partners; (iv) equity in losses of unconsolidated real estate partnerships; (v) gains on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other; and (vi) minority interests.
Note 9 — Subsequent Events
Between October 1, 2008 and October 30, 2008, Aimco repurchased 2,018,471 shares of its Class A Common Stock for cash totaling $50.0 million, or an average price of $24.77 per share (including commissions). Concurrently, we repurchased an equal number of common OP Units from Aimco.
On October 16, 2008, we declared a special distribution of $1.80 per unit payable on December 1, 2008, to holders of record of common OP Units and High Performance Units on October 27, 2008. The special distribution, totaling approximately $176.7 million will be paid on 98,136,520 common OP Units and High Performance Units, including 88,650,980 common OP Units held by Aimco. We plan to distribute to Aimco common OP Units equal to the number of shares issued pursuant to Aimco’s corresponding $159.6 million special dividend (discussed below), in addition to approximately $53.2 million in cash. Holders of common OP Units other than Aimco and holders of High Performance Units will receive the special distribution entirely in cash, which totals $17.1 million. Unit and per unit amounts disclosed in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have not been retroactively adjusted for the effect of units to be issued pursuant to this special distribution as the number of units is not presently determinable. Such retroactive adjustments will be reflected in consolidated financial statements prepared subsequent to the payment date.
Also on October 16, 2008, Aimco’s board of directors declared a corresponding special dividend of $1.80 per share payable on December 1, 2008, to holders of record of Class A Common Stock on October 27, 2008. A portion of the special dividend in the amount of $0.60 per share represents payment of the regular dividend for the quarter ended September 30, 2008, and a portion in the amount of $1.20 per share represents an additional dividend associated with taxable gains from property dispositions in 2008. Aimco stockholders may elect to receive payment of the special dividend in cash or shares, except that the aggregate amount of cash payable to all stockholders in the special dividend is limited to approximately $53.2 million plus cash paid in lieu of fractional shares. The special dividend, totaling approximately $159.6 million, will be paid on 88,650,980 shares issued and outstanding on the record date, which includes 464,524 shares held by us and our consolidated subsidiaries. Aimco expects to pay approximately $106.4 million of the special dividend through the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock, which will be determined based on the average closing price of Aimco’s Class A Common Stock on November 20 and 21, 2008.

 

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward Looking Statements
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements in certain circumstances. Certain information included in this Report contains or may contain information that is forward-looking, including, without limitation, statements regarding the effect of acquisitions and redevelopments, our future financial performance, including our ability to maintain current or meet projected occupancy, rent levels and same store results, and the effect of government regulations. Actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements and, in addition, will be affected by a variety of risks and factors that are beyond our control including, without limitation: natural disasters and severe weather such as hurricanes; national and local economic conditions; the general level of interest rates; energy costs; the terms of governmental regulations that affect us and interpretations of those regulations; the competitive environment in which we operate; financing risks, including the risk that our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest; real estate risks, including fluctuations in real estate values and the general economic climate in local markets and competition for residents in such markets; insurance risks; acquisition and development risks, including failure of such acquisitions to perform in accordance with projections; the timing of acquisitions and dispositions; litigation, including costs associated with prosecuting or defending claims and any adverse outcomes; and possible environmental liabilities, including costs, fines or penalties that may be incurred due to necessary remediation of contamination of properties presently owned or previously owned by us. In addition, Aimco’s current and continuing qualification as a real estate investment trust involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and depends on its ability to meet the various requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Code, through actual operating results, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership. Readers should carefully review our financial statements and the notes thereto, as well as the section entitled “Risk Factors” described in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, and the other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. As used herein and except as the context otherwise requires, “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to the Partnership and the Partnership’s consolidated corporate subsidiaries and consolidated real estate partnerships, collectively.
Executive Overview
We are a limited partnership engaged in the acquisition, ownership, management and redevelopment of apartment properties. We are the operating partnership for Aimco, which is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT. Our property operations are characterized by diversification of product, location and price point. As of September 30, 2008, we owned or managed 1,067 apartment properties containing 178,083 apartment units located in 46 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Our primary sources of income and cash are rents associated with apartment leases.
The key financial indicators that we use in managing our business and in evaluating our financial condition and operating performance are: Net Asset Value, which is the estimated fair value of our assets, net of debt, or NAV; Funds From Operations, or FFO; FFO less spending for Capital Replacements, or AFFO; same store property operating results; net operating income; net operating income less spending for Capital Replacements, or Free Cash Flow; Economic Income, which represents changes in NAV plus cash dividends, financial coverage ratios; and leverage as shown on our balance sheet. FFO and Capital Replacements are defined and further described in the sections captioned “Funds From Operations” and “Capital Expenditures” below. The key macro-economic factors and non-financial indicators that affect our financial condition and operating performance are: rates of job growth; single-family and multifamily housing starts; interest rates; and availability of financing.
Because our operating results depend primarily on income from our properties, the supply and demand for apartments influences our operating results. Additionally, the level of expenses required to operate and maintain our properties, the pace and price at which we redevelop, acquire and dispose of our apartment properties, and the volume and timing of fee transactions affect our operating results. Our cost of capital is affected by the conditions in the capital and credit markets and the terms that we negotiate for our equity and debt financings.
For the remainder of 2008, we recognize that the environment has become more challenging. Accordingly, we are focused on: serving and retaining residents; controlling costs and increasing efficiency through improved business processes and automation; controlling capital spending; minimizing our cost of capital, building cash and reducing leverage; and upgrading the quality of our portfolio through portfolio management.

 

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Our portfolio management strategy includes property acquisitions and dispositions to concentrate our portfolio in the 20 largest U.S. markets as measured by total market capitalization. Over time and subject to market conditions, we expect to sell properties representing approximately 20% of our current asset value, which properties are primarily located outside the 20 largest U.S. markets.
The following discussion and analysis of the results of our operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1.
Results of Operations
Overview
Three months ended September 30, 2008 compared to three months ended September 30, 2007
We reported net income of $193.5 million and net income attributable to common unitholders of $179.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to net loss of $2.5 million and net loss attributable to common unitholders of $23.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, which were increases of $196.0 million and $202.6 million, respectively. These increases were principally due to the following items, all of which are discussed in further detail below:
   
an increase in income from discontinued operations, primarily related to higher net gains on sales of real estate;
 
   
an increase in gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other, primarily related to higher net gains on disposition of real estate by our unconsolidated real estate partnerships; and
 
   
an increase in asset management and tax credit revenues, including increases in promote income resulting from asset disposition activities.
The effects of these items on our operating results were partially offset by an increase in depreciation and amortization expense, primarily related to completed redevelopments.
Nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2007
We reported net income of $451.4 million and net income attributable to common unitholders of $405.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to net income of $47.2 million and net loss attributable to common unitholders of $9.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, which were increases of $404.2 million and $415.5 million, respectively. These increases were principally due to the following items, all of which are discussed in further detail below:
   
an increase in income from discontinued operations, primarily related to higher net gains on sales of real estate;
 
   
an increase in gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other, primarily related to higher net gains on disposition of real estate by our unconsolidated real estate partnerships; and
 
   
an increase in asset management and tax credit revenues, which is primarily attributed to increases in promote income resulting from asset disposition activities.
The effects of these items on our operating results were partially offset by:
   
an increase in interest expense, reflecting higher loan principal balances resulting from refinancings;
 
   
a decrease in interest income, primarily related to an adjustment of accretion of discounted notes receivable, and lower cash balances and interest rates;
 
   
an increase in depreciation and amortization expense, primarily related to completed redevelopments; and
 
   
the recognition in 2007 of deferred debt extinguishment gains in connection with the refinancing of certain mortgage loans that had been restructured in a 1997 bankruptcy settlement.

 

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The following paragraphs discuss these and other items affecting the results of our operations in more detail.
Business Segment Operating Results
We have two reportable segments: real estate (owning, operating and redeveloping apartments) and investment management (portfolio strategy, capital allocation, joint ventures, tax credit syndication, acquisitions, dispositions and other transaction activities). Our chief operating decision maker is comprised of several members of our executive management team who use several generally accepted industry financial measures to assess the performance of the business, including NAV, Economic Income, Free Cash Flow, net operating income, FFO, and AFFO. The chief operating decision maker emphasizes net operating income as a key measurement of segment profit or loss. Segment net operating income is generally defined as segment revenues less direct segment operating expenses.
Real Estate Segment
Our real estate segment involves the ownership and operation of properties that generate rental and other property-related income through the leasing of apartment units. Our real estate segment’s net operating income also includes income from property management services performed for unconsolidated partnerships and unrelated parties.
The following table summarizes our real estate segment’s net operating income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
Real estate segment revenues:
                               
Rental and other property revenues
  $ 361,996     $ 345,197     $ 1,070,604     $ 1,023,390  
Property management revenues, primarily from affiliates
    1,227       1,824       4,746       5,192  
 
                       
 
    363,223       347,021       1,075,350       1,028,582  
 
                               
Real estate segment expenses:
                               
Property operating expenses
    172,705       162,829       506,546       473,446  
Property management expenses
    1,560       1,333       4,018       5,268  
 
                       
 
    174,265       164,162       510,564       478,714  
 
                       
Real estate segment net operating income
  $ 188,958     $ 182,859     $ 564,786     $ 549,868  
 
                       
Consolidated Conventional Same Store Property Operating Results
Same store operating results is a key indicator we use to assess the performance of our property operations and to understand the period over period operations of a consistent portfolio of properties. We define “consolidated same store” properties as our conventional properties (i) that we manage, (ii) in which our ownership interest exceeds 10%, (iii) the operations of which have been stabilized, and (iv) that have not been sold or classified as held for sale, in each case, throughout all periods presented. The following tables summarize the operations of our consolidated conventional rental property operations:
                         
    Three Months Ended September 30,        
    2008     2007     Change  
Consolidated same store revenues
  $ 228,582     $ 223,137       2.4 %
Consolidated same store expenses
    90,861       93,730       -3.1 %
 
                   
Same store net operating income
    137,721       129,407       6.4 %
Reconciling items (1)
    51,237       53,452       -4.1 %
 
                   
Real estate segment net operating income
  $ 188,958     $ 182,859       3.3 %
 
                   
 
                       
Same store operating statistics:
                       
Properties
    254       254          
Apartment units
    78,142       78,142          
Average physical occupancy
    95.1 %     94.7 %     0.4 %
Average rent/unit/month
  $ 939     $ 926       1.4 %
     
(1)  
Reflects property revenues and property operating expenses related to consolidated properties other than same store properties (e.g., affordable, acquisition, redevelopment and newly consolidated properties) and casualty gains and losses.

 

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For the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007, consolidated same store net operating income increased by $8.3 million, or 6.4%. Revenues increased by $5.4 million, or 2.4%, primarily due to higher average rent (up $13 per unit). Property operating expenses decreased by $2.9 million, or 3.1%, primarily due to decreases in personnel, repairs and maintenance, marketing, and administrative expenses.
For the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007, consolidated real estate segment net operating income related to consolidated properties other than same store properties decreased by $2.2 million, or 4.1%. Increases in casualty losses, including $3.9 million related to Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricane Ike during the three months ended September 30, 2008, contributed to the decrease, and were partially offset by increases in net operating income attributable to affordable and redevelopment properties.
                         
    Nine Months Ended September 30,        
    2008     2007     Change  
Consolidated same store revenues
  $ 672,179     $ 656,005       2.5 %
Consolidated same store expenses
    268,001       268,725       -0.3 %
 
                   
Same store net operating income
    404,178       387,280       4.4 %
Reconciling items (1)
    160,608       162,588       -1.2 %
 
                   
Real estate segment net operating income
  $ 564,786     $ 549,868       2.7 %
 
                   
 
                       
Same store operating statistics:
                       
Properties
    250       250          
Apartment units
    77,153       77,153          
Average physical occupancy
    94.9 %     94.7 %     0.2 %
Average rent/unit/month
  $ 935     $ 916       2.1 %
     
(1)  
Reflects property revenues and property operating expenses related to consolidated properties other than same store properties (e.g., affordable, acquisition, redevelopment and newly consolidated properties) and casualty gains and losses.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, consolidated same store net operating income increased by $16.9 million, or 4.4%. Revenues increased by $16.2 million, or 2.5%, primarily due to higher average rent (up $19 per unit). Property operating expenses decreased by $0.7 million, or 0.3%, primarily due to decreases in personnel and repairs and maintenance expenses, offset by increases in utility and property tax expenses.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, consolidated real estate segment net operating income related to consolidated properties other than same store properties decreased by $2.0 million, or 1.2%. Increases in casualty losses of $9.4 million, including $3.9 million related to Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricane Ike during the three months ended September 30, 2008, contributed to the decrease, and were partially offset by increases in net operating income attributable to affordable, acquisition and redevelopment properties.
Investment Management Segment
Our investment management segment includes portfolio strategy, capital allocation, joint ventures, tax credit syndication, acquisitions, dispositions and other transaction activities. Within our owned portfolio, we refer to these activities as “Portfolio Management,” and their benefit is seen in property operating results and in investment gains. For affiliated partnerships, we refer to these activities as “Asset Management,” for which we are separately compensated through fees paid by third party investors. The expenses of this segment consist primarily of the costs of departments that perform these activities. These activities are conducted in part by our taxable subsidiaries, and the related net operating income may be subject to income taxes.
Transactions occur on varying timetables; thus, the income varies from period to period. We have affiliated real estate partnerships for which we have identified a pipeline of transactional opportunities. As a result, we view asset management fees as a predictable part of our core business strategy. Asset management revenue includes certain fees that were earned in a prior period, but not recognized at that time because collectibility was not reasonably assured. Those fees may be recognized in a subsequent period upon occurrence of a transaction or a high level of the probability of occurrence of a transaction within twelve months, or improvement in operations that generates sufficient cash to pay the fees.

 

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The following table summarizes the net operating income from our investment management segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
                                 
    Three Months Ended,     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
Asset management and tax credit revenues
  $ 32,755     $ 12,747     $ 83,782     $ 39,554  
 
                               
Investment management expenses
    5,842       5,812       15,859       15,799  
 
                       
 
                               
Investment segment net operating income (1)
  $ 26,913     $ 6,935     $ 67,923     $ 23,755  
 
                       
     
(1)  
Excludes certain items of income and expense, which are included in other (income) expenses, net, interest expense, interest income and gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other in our consolidated statements of income.
For the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007, net operating income from investment management increased by $20.0 million. This increase is primarily attributable to increases in promote income of $11.1 million, which is related to increases in joint venture asset dispositions, other general partner transactional fees of $6.2 million, and income from tax credit arrangements of $2.1 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, net operating income from investment management increased by $44.2 million. This increase is attributable to increases in promote income of $38.6 million, which is related to increases in joint venture asset dispositions, other general partner transactional fees of $5.1 million, and income from tax credit arrangements of $1.6 million, offset by a decrease of $1.1 million in asset management fees.
Other Operating Expenses (Income)
Depreciation and Amortization
For the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007, depreciation and amortization increased $9.8 million, or 8.9%. This increase reflects depreciation of $17.3 million for newly acquired properties, completed redevelopments, and other capital projects recently placed in service. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $8.4 million in depreciation adjustments necessary to reduce the carrying amount of buildings and improvements to their estimated disposition value or zero in the case of a planned demolition (see Use of Estimates in Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1).
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, depreciation and amortization increased $24.9 million, or 7.8%. This increase reflects depreciation of $51.5 million for newly acquired properties, completed redevelopments, and other capital projects recently placed in service. This increase was offset by a decrease of $24.2 million in depreciation adjustments necessary to reduce the carrying amount of buildings and improvements to their estimated disposition value or zero in the case of a planned demolition (see Use of Estimates in Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1) as well as a $2.4 million decrease in depreciation related to corporate assets, primarily related to internal use software becoming fully depreciated in 2007.
General and Administrative Expenses
For the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007, general and administrative expenses increased $6.7 million. This increase is primarily attributable to higher personnel and related expenses.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, general and administrative expenses increased $9.1 million. This increase is primarily attributable to higher personnel and related expenses and increases in information technology communications costs.

 

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Other (Income) Expenses, Net
Other (income) expenses, net includes income tax provision/benefit, franchise taxes, risk management activities, partnership administration expenses and certain non-recurring items.
For the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007, other (income) expenses, net changed unfavorably by $1.0 million. The net unfavorable change includes a $1.1 million decrease in income tax benefit during 2008 due to improved results of our taxable subsidiaries and a $0.8 million increase in expenses of our self insurance activities (including $2.2 million of costs in 2008 related to Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricane Ike). The net unfavorable change also reflects $1.3 million of income recognized in the three months ended September 30, 2007, related to the transfer of certain property rights to an unrelated party. These unfavorable changes were partially offset by a favorable change of $2.4 million related to the settlement of certain litigation matters.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, other (income) expenses, net changed unfavorably by $13.1 million. The net unfavorable change includes a $4.8 million write-off of certain communications hardware and capitalized costs during 2008 (see Use of Estimates in Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1) and a $1.2 million write-off of redevelopment costs associated with a change in the planned use of a property during 2008. The net unfavorable change also reflects $3.6 million of income recognized in 2007 related to the transfer of certain property rights to an unrelated party and a $7.9 million decrease in income tax benefit during 2008 due to improved results of our taxable subsidiaries. These unfavorable changes were partially offset by a $2.0 million reduction in expenses of our self insurance activities (net of $2.2 million of costs in 2008 related to Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricane Ike) and a net decrease of $2.0 million in costs related to certain litigation matters.
Interest Income
Interest income consists primarily of interest on notes receivable from non-affiliates and unconsolidated real estate partnerships, interest on cash and restricted cash accounts, and accretion of discounts on certain notes receivable from unconsolidated real estate partnerships. Transactions that result in accretion occur infrequently and thus accretion income may vary from period to period.
For the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007, interest income decreased $5.4 million. The decrease is primarily attributable to a decrease of $4.6 million due to lower interest rates on notes receivable and cash and restricted cash balances and lower average balances, and a $0.7 decrease in accretion on discounted notes receivable.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, interest income decreased $16.3 million. The decrease is primarily attributable to a decrease of $9.9 million due to lower interest rates on notes receivable and cash and restricted cash balances and lower average balances. The decrease also includes the effect of a $4.4 million net adjustment to accretion on certain discounted notes during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, resulting from a change in the estimated timing and amount of collection, and $1.5 million of accretion income recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2007, related to the prepayment of principal on certain discounted loans collateralized by properties in West Harlem in New York City, which were funded in November 2006.
Interest Expense
For the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007, interest expense, which includes the amortization of deferred financing costs, increased $1.9 million, or 2.1%. Interest on property loans payable increased $3.1 million due to higher balances resulting primarily from refinancing activities offset by lower average interest rates. Interest expense also increased by $2.7 million due to decreases in capitalized interest related to redevelopment activities. These increases were partially offset by a $3.9 million decrease in corporate interest expense primarily due to lower average interest rates.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, interest expense, which includes the amortization of deferred financing costs, increased $14.3 million, or 5.3%. Interest on property loans payable increased $17.4 million due to higher balances resulting primarily from refinancing activities, offset by lower average interest rates. Interest expense also increased by $2.5 million due to decreases in capitalized interest related to redevelopment activities. These increases were partially offset by a $5.7 million decrease in corporate interest expense primarily due to lower average interest rates.

 

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Deficit Distributions to Minority Partners
When real estate partnerships that are consolidated in our financial statements disburse cash to partners in excess of the carrying amount of the minority interest, we record a charge equal to the excess amount, even though there is no economic effect or cost.
For the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007, deficit distributions to minority partners increased $6.2 million. This increase reflects higher levels of distributions to minority interests during the three months ended September 30, 2008, including distributions in connection with debt refinancing transactions.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, deficit distributions to minority partners increased $9.0 million. This increase reflects higher levels of distributions to minority interests during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, including distributions in connection with debt refinancing transactions.
Provision for Real Estate Impairment Losses
At times we may anticipate selling a property within twelve months or less, but for various reasons the property may not currently meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a property may not be recoverable, we make an assessment of its recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to our estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows, excluding interest charges, of the property. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated aggregate undiscounted future cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the property.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, based on the shortened anticipated holding period for certain properties, we recognized impairment losses of $2.3 million. We recognized no such impairment losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, related to properties included in continuing operations.
Gain on Dispositions of Unconsolidated Real Estate and Other
Gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other includes our share of gains related to dispositions of real estate by unconsolidated real estate partnerships, gains on dispositions of land and other non-depreciable assets and costs related to asset disposal activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other also includes a gain on extinguishment of debt. Changes in the level of gains recognized from period to period reflect the changing level of disposition activity from period to period. Additionally, gains on properties sold are determined on an individual property basis or in the aggregate for a group of properties that are sold in a single transaction, and are not comparable period to period.
For the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007, gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other increased $94.5 million. This increase is attributable to a $98.4 million gain on the disposition of two properties by unconsolidated real estate partnerships and a $1.7 million gain on the sale of an undeveloped land parcel during the three months ended September 30, 2008. During 2007, we recognized a $6.0 million non-refundable option and extension fee resulting from the termination of rights under an option agreement to sell the North and Central towers of our Flamingo South Beach property.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other increased $73.4 million. This increase is attributable to a $98.4 million gain on the disposition of two properties by unconsolidated real estate partnerships and a $1.7 million gain on the sale of an undeveloped land parcel during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. During 2007, we recognized a $6.0 million non-refundable option and extension fee resulting from the termination of rights under an option agreement to sell the North and Central towers of our Flamingo South Beach property, and a $19.4 million gain on debt extinguishment related to seven properties in the VMS partnership (see Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1).
Minority Interest in Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships
Minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships reflects minority partners’ share of operating results of consolidated real estate partnerships. This generally includes the minority partners’ share of property management fees, interest on notes and other amounts eliminated in consolidation that we charge to such partnerships. However, we generally do not recognize a benefit for the minority interest share of partnership losses for partnerships that have deficits in partners’ equity.

 

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For the three months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007, minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships changed favorably by $11.0 million. The change includes a $1.9 million favorable change relating to the minority interest share of losses for real estate partnerships consolidated during the fourth quarter of 2007, and the remainder relates to increases in the minority partners’ share of losses of our other consolidated real estate partnerships.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, minority interest in consolidated real estate partnerships changed favorably by $17.4 million. The change includes a $10.5 million favorable change relating to the minority interest share of losses for real estate partnerships consolidated during the fourth quarter of 2007, and the remainder relates to increases in the minority partners’ share of losses of our other consolidated real estate partnerships.
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net
The results of operations for properties sold during the period or designated as held for sale at the end of the period are generally required to be classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The components of net earnings that are classified as discontinued operations include all property-related revenues and operating expenses, depreciation expense recognized prior to the classification as held for sale, property-specific interest expense and debt extinguishment gains and losses to the extent there is secured debt on the property, and any related minority interest. In addition, any impairment losses on assets held for sale and the net gain on the eventual disposal of properties held for sale are reported in discontinued operations.
For the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, income from discontinued operations, net totaled $122.9 million and $21.0 million, respectively. The increase of $101.9 million was principally due to a $105.7 million increase in gain on dispositions of real estate, net of minority partners’ interest and income taxes and an $8.8 million decrease in interest expense, partially offset by a $10.2 million decrease in operating income.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, income from discontinued operations, net totaled $432.9 million and $86.4 million, respectively. The increase of $346.5 million was principally due to a $367.0 million increase in gain on dispositions of real estate, net of minority partners’ interest and income taxes, an $18.0 million decrease in interest expense and a $9.1 million increase in recovery of deficit distributions to minority partners, partially offset by a $18.7 million decrease in operating income, a $7.6 million increase in real estate impairment losses and a decrease of $22.8 million attributable to a 2007 gain on debt extinguishment related to eight properties in the VMS partnership.
During the three months ended September 30, 2008, we sold 43 consolidated properties, resulting in a net gain on sale of approximately $124.3 million (which includes $4.0 million of related income taxes). During the three months ended September 30, 2007, we sold 15 properties, resulting in a net gain on sale of approximately $18.6 million (including $1.2 million of related income tax benefit). Additionally, in 2008, we recognized $1.8 million of impairment losses on assets sold or held for sale and $0.9 million of recoveries of deficit distributions to minority partners.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we sold 88 consolidated properties, resulting in a net gain on sale of approximately $422.7 million (which includes $21.1 million of related income taxes). During the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we sold 55 properties resulting in a net gain on sale of approximately $55.7 million (which includes $1.6 million of related income taxes). Additionally, in 2008, we recognized $8.3 million of impairment losses on assets sold or held for sale and $8.3 million of recoveries of deficit distributions to minority partners.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, income from discontinued operations included the operating results of the properties sold or classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2008.
Changes in the level of gains recognized from period to period reflect the changing level of our disposition activity from period to period. Additionally, gains on properties sold are determined on an individual property basis or in the aggregate for a group of properties that are sold in a single transaction, and are not comparable period to period. See Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 for more information on discontinued operations.

 

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions. We believe that the following critical accounting policies involve our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Real estate and other long-lived assets to be held and used are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, unless the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a property may not be recoverable, we make an assessment of its recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to our estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows, excluding interest charges, of the property. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated aggregate undiscounted future cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the property.
From time to time, we have non-revenue producing properties that we hold for future redevelopment. We assess the recoverability of the carrying amount of these redevelopment properties by comparing our estimate of undiscounted future cash flows based on the expected service potential of the redevelopment property upon completion to the carrying amount. In certain instances, we use a probability-weighted approach to determine our estimate of undiscounted future cash flows when alternative courses of action are under consideration.
At September 30, 2008, we evaluated our Lincoln Place property in Venice, California and determined that the carrying amount of $201.0 million was recoverable based on an assessment of undiscounted cash flows. Plans to develop Lincoln Place have been the subject of controversy and litigation, which reduces its market value. In the current market environment and in consideration of ongoing litigation related to Lincoln Place, the current fair value of the property is likely less than the carrying amount. However, as the impairment analysis for assets classified as held for use requires the use of undiscounted cash flows over the assumed holding period for the asset, an impairment may not be recognized even if the fair value is less than the carrying amount.
Real estate investments are subject to varying degrees of risk. Several factors may adversely affect the economic performance and value of our real estate investments. These factors include:
   
the general economic climate;
 
   
competition from other apartment communities and other housing options;
 
   
local conditions, such as loss of jobs or an increase in the supply of apartments, that might adversely affect apartment occupancy or rental rates;
 
   
changes in governmental regulations and the related cost of compliance;
 
   
increases in operating costs (including real estate taxes) due to inflation and other factors, which may not be offset by increased rents;
 
   
changes in tax laws and housing laws, including the enactment of rent control laws or other laws regulating multifamily housing;
 
   
availability and cost of financing;
 
   
changes in market capitalization rates; and
 
   
the relative illiquidity of such investments.
Any adverse changes in these and other factors could cause an impairment in our long-lived assets, including real estate and investments in unconsolidated real estate partnerships. Based on periodic tests of recoverability of long-lived assets, we recorded a $2.3 million impairment loss during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, related to certain properties we anticipate selling within 12 months but that do not otherwise meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale. We did not record any impairment losses related to properties classified as held and used during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007.
Notes Receivable and Interest Income Recognition
Notes receivable from unconsolidated real estate partnerships consist primarily of notes receivable from partnerships in which we are the general partner. Notes receivable from non-affiliates consist of notes receivable from unrelated third parties. The ultimate repayment of these notes is subject to a number of variables, including the performance and value of the underlying real estate and the claims of unaffiliated mortgage lenders. Our notes receivable include loans extended by us that we carry at the face amount plus accrued interest, which we refer to as “par value notes,” and loans extended by predecessors, some of whose positions we generally acquired at a discount, which we refer to as “discounted notes.”

 

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We record interest income on par value notes as earned in accordance with the terms of the related loan agreements. We discontinue the accrual of interest on such notes when the notes are impaired, as discussed below, or when there is otherwise significant uncertainty as to the collection of interest. We record income on such nonaccrual loans using the cost recovery method, under which we apply cash receipts first to the recorded amount of the loan; thereafter, any additional receipts are recognized as income.
We recognize interest income on discounted notes receivable based upon whether the amount and timing of collections are both probable and reasonably estimable. We consider collections to be probable and reasonably estimable when the borrower has entered into certain closed or pending transactions (which include real estate sales, refinancings, foreclosures and rights offerings) that provide a reliable source of repayment. In such instances, we recognize accretion income, on a prospective basis using the effective interest method over the estimated remaining term of the loans, equal to the difference between the carrying amount of the discounted notes and the estimated collectible value. We record income on all other discounted notes using the cost recovery method. Accretion income recognized in any given period is based on our ability to complete transactions to monetize the notes receivable and the difference between the carrying amount and the estimated collectible amount of the notes; therefore, accretion income varies on a period-by-period basis and could be lower or higher than in prior periods.
Allowance for Losses on Notes Receivable
We assess the collectibility of notes receivable on a periodic basis, which assessment consists primarily of an evaluation of cash flow projections of the borrower to determine whether estimated cash flows are sufficient to repay principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of the note. We recognize impairments on notes receivable when it is probable that principal and interest will not be received in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. The amount of the impairment to be recognized generally is based on the fair value of the partnership’s real estate that represents the primary source of loan repayment. In certain instances where other sources of cash flow are available to repay the loan, the impairment is measured by discounting the estimated cash flows at the loan’s original effective interest rate.
We recorded net provisions for losses on notes receivable of $2.1 million and $3.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively. We recorded a net recovery of impairment losses on notes receivable of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, and a net provision for losses on notes receivable of $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. We will continue to evaluate the collectibility of these notes, and we will adjust related allowances in the future due to changes in market conditions and other factors.
Capitalized Costs
We capitalize costs, including certain indirect costs, incurred in connection with our capital expenditure activities, including redevelopment and construction projects, other tangible property improvements, and replacements of existing property components. Included in these capitalized costs are payroll costs associated with time spent by site employees in connection with the planning, execution and control of all capital expenditure activities at the property level. We characterize as “indirect costs” an allocation of certain department costs, including payroll, at the regional operating center and corporate levels that clearly relate to capital expenditure activities. We capitalize interest, property taxes and insurance during periods in which redevelopment and construction projects are in progress. We charge to expense as incurred costs that do not relate to capital expenditure activities, including ordinary repairs, maintenance, resident turnover costs and general and administrative expenses.
For the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, for continuing and discontinued operations, we capitalized $5.9 million and $8.8 million of interest costs, respectively, and $18.8 million and $21.0 million of site payroll and indirect costs, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, for continuing and discontinued operations, we capitalized $19.9 million and $22.7 million of interest costs, respectively, and $57.5 million and $58.0 million of site payroll and indirect costs, respectively.

 

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Funds From Operations
FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe, when considered with the financial statements determined in accordance with GAAP, is helpful to investors in understanding our performance because it captures features particular to real estate performance by recognizing that real estate generally appreciates over time or maintains residual value to a much greater extent than do other depreciable assets such as machinery, computers or other personal property. The Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, defines FFO as net income (loss), computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains from sales of depreciable property, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. We compute FFO for all periods presented in accordance with the guidance set forth by NAREIT’s April 1, 2002 White Paper, which we refer to as the White Paper. We calculate FFO (diluted) by subtracting redemption related preferred OP Unit issuance costs and distributions on preferred OP Units and adding back distributions on dilutive preferred securities. FFO should not be considered an alternative to net income or net cash flows from operating activities, as determined in accordance with GAAP, as an indication of our performance or as a measure of liquidity. FFO is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund future cash needs. In addition, although FFO is a measure used for comparability in assessing the performance of real estate investment trusts, there can be no assurance that our basis for computing FFO is comparable with that of other real estate investment trusts.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, our FFO is calculated as follows (in thousands):
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders (1)
  $ 179,271     $ (23,308 )   $ 405,585     $ (9,907 )
Adjustments:
                               
Depreciation and amortization
    120,771       110,946       343,636       318,691  
Depreciation and amortization related to non-real estate assets
    (4,189 )     (3,491 )     (13,041 )     (14,782 )
Depreciation of rental property related to minority partners’ interest and unconsolidated entities (2) (3)
    (15,005 )     (6,230 )     (27,334 )     (17,353 )
Gain on dispositions of unconsolidated real estate and other
    (100,359 )     (5,841 )     (100,345 )     (26,919 )
Gain on dispositions of non-depreciable assets and debt extinguishment gain
    1,669       6,000       1,669       25,373  
Deficit distributions to minority partners, net (4)
    17,798       11,640       22,981       13,998  
Discontinued operations:
                               
Gain on dispositions of real estate, net of minority partners’ interest (2)
    (128,301 )     (17,406 )     (443,795 )     (57,296 )
Depreciation of rental property, net of minority partners’ interest (2) (3)
    6,229       17,089       34,592       32,595  
Deficit distributions (recovery of deficit distributions) to minority partners (4)
    (909 )     282       (8,325 )     726  
Income tax arising from disposals
    4,027       (1,151 )     21,091       1,610  
Preferred OP unit distributions
    15,668       18,167       47,253       54,426  
Preferred OP unit redemption related (gains) costs (5)
    (1,482 )     2,635       (1,482 )     2,635  
 
                       
Funds From Operations
  $ 95,188     $ 109,332     $ 282,485     $ 323,797  
Preferred OP unit distributions
    (15,668 )     (18,167 )     (47,253 )     (54,426 )
Preferred OP unit redemption related gains (costs) (5)
    1,482       (2,635 )     1,482       (2,635 )
Distributions on dilutive preferred securities
    1,758       58       4,850       116  
 
                       
Funds From Operations attributable to common unitholders — diluted
  $ 82,760     $ 88,588     $ 241,564     $ 266,852  
 
                       
Weighted average number of common units, common unit equivalents and dilutive preferred securities outstanding (6) (7):
                               
Common units and equivalents
    99,785       117,239       103,531       119,739  
Dilutive preferred securities
    2,506       96       2,341       60  
 
                       
Total
    102,291       117,335       105,872       119,799  
 
                       
     
Notes:
 
(1)  
Represents the numerator for earnings per common unit, calculated in accordance with GAAP (see Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1).
 
(2)  
“Minority partners’ interest” means minority interest in our consolidated real estate partnerships.
 
(3)  
Adjustments related to minority partners’ share of depreciation of rental property for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, include the subtraction of $15.1 million and $17.8 million for continuing operations and discontinued operations, respectively, related to the VMS debt extinguishment gains (see Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1). These subtractions are required because we added back the minority partners’ share of depreciation related to rental property in determining FFO in prior periods. Accordingly, the net effect of the VMS debt extinguishment gains on our FFO for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, was an increase of $9.3 million.

 

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(4)  
In accordance with GAAP, deficit distributions to minority partners are charges recognized in our income statement when cash is distributed to a non-controlling partner in a consolidated real estate partnership in excess of the positive balance in such partner’s capital account, which is classified as minority interest on our balance sheet. We record these charges for GAAP purposes even though there is no economic effect or cost. Deficit distributions to minority partners occur when the fair value of the underlying real estate exceeds its depreciated net book value because the underlying real estate has appreciated or maintained its value. As a result, the recognition of expense for deficit distributions to minority partners represents, in substance, either (a) our recognition of depreciation previously allocated to the non-controlling partner or (b) a payment related to the non-controlling partner’s share of real estate appreciation. Based on White Paper guidance that requires real estate depreciation and gains to be excluded from FFO, we add back deficit distributions and subtract related recoveries in our reconciliation of net income to FFO.
 
(5)  
Preferred OP unit redemption related costs and gains include a redemption discount, net of issuance costs, of $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, and a redemption premium and issuance costs of $2.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007.
 
(6)  
Represents the denominator for earnings per common unit — diluted, calculated in accordance with GAAP, plus additional common unit equivalents that are dilutive for FFO.
 
(7)  
Weighted average common units, common unit equivalents and dilutive preferred securities amounts for the periods presented have been retroactively adjusted for the effect of common OP Units issued to Aimco pursuant to the special distributions discussed in Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is the ability to meet present and future financial obligations. Our primary source of liquidity is cash flow from our operations. Additional sources are proceeds from property sales and proceeds from refinancings of existing mortgage loans and borrowings under new mortgage loans.
Our principal uses for liquidity include normal operating activities, payments of principal and interest on outstanding debt, capital expenditures, distributions paid to unitholders and distributions paid to partners, repurchases of common OP Units from Aimco in connection with Aimco's concurrent repurchase of shares of its Class A Common Stock, and acquisitions of, and investments in, properties. We use our cash and cash equivalents and our cash provided by operating activities to meet short-term liquidity needs. In the event that our cash and cash equivalents and cash provided by operating activities are not sufficient to cover our short-term liquidity demands, we have additional means, such as short-term borrowing availability and proceeds from property sales and refinancings, to help us meet our short-term liquidity demands. We use our revolving credit facility for general corporate purposes and to fund investments on an interim basis. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements, such as debt maturities and property acquisitions, through long-term borrowings, both secured and unsecured, the issuance of debt or equity securities (including OP Units), the sale of properties and cash generated from operations.
The current state of credit markets and related effect on the overall economy may have an adverse affect on our liquidity, both through increases in interest rates and credit risk spreads and access to financing. As further discussed in Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, we are subject to interest rate risk associated with certain variable rate liabilities, preferred units and assets. Based on our net variable rate liabilities, preferred units and assets outstanding at September 30, 2008, a 1.0 % increase in 30-day LIBOR would reduce our income attributable to common unitholders by approximately $6.2 million on an annual basis. From June 30, 2008 to September 30, 2008, both the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association Municipal Swap Index, or SIFMA (previously the Bond Market Association index), and 30-day LIBOR rates, the predominant interest rates to which our variable rate debt obligations are indexed, increased, with the SIFMA rate increasing from 1.55% to 7.96% and the 30-day LIBOR rate increasing from 2.46% to 3.93%. In addition to increases in base interest rates, the tightening of credit markets has also affected the credit risk spreads charged over base interest rates on, and the availability of, mortgage loan financing. For future refinancing activities, our liquidity and cost of funds may be affected by higher base interest rates or higher credit risk spreads. If timely property financing options are not available for maturing debt, we may consider alternative sources of liquidity, such as reductions in certain capital spending or proceeds from asset dispositions.
At September 30, 2008, we had swap positions with two financial institutions for a total swap exposure of $464.7 million. The swap positions with one counterparty are comprised of $452.4 million of fixed rate debt effectively converted to variable rates using total rate of return swaps, including $380.4 million of tax-exempt bonds indexed to SIFMA and $72.0 million of taxable second mortgage notes indexed to LIBOR. We have one swap position with another counterparty that is comprised of $12.3 million of fixed rate tax-exempt bonds indexed to SIFMA. We periodically evaluate counterparty credit risk associated with these arrangements. At the current time, we have concluded we do not have material exposure. In the event either counterparty were to default under these arrangements, loss of the net interest benefit we generally receive under these arrangements, which is equal to the difference between the fixed rate we receive and the variable rate we pay, may adversely impact our operating cash flows.

 

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As of September 30, 2008, the amount available under the revolving credit facility was $589.0 million (after giving effect to $55.9 million outstanding for undrawn letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility). For the three months ending December 31, 2008, and the year ending December 31, 2009, we have non-recourse property debt maturities of $93.1 million and $401.9 million, respectively, at an average estimated loan-to-value of approximately 36% and 50%, respectively. Of our total outstanding term debt of $475.0 million at September 30, 2008, $75.0 matures in September 2009. Additionally, we have limited obligations to fund redevelopment commitments during the three months ending December 31, 2008 and the year ending December 31, 2009, and no development commitments.
At September 30, 2008, we had $219.0 million in cash and cash equivalents, an increase of $8.6 million from December 31, 2007. At September 30, 2008, we had $307.0 million of restricted cash primarily consisting of reserves and escrows held by lenders for bond sinking funds, capital expenditures, property taxes and insurance. In addition, cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are held by partnerships that are not presented on a consolidated basis. The following discussion relates to changes in cash due to operating, investing and financing activities, which are presented in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows in Item 1.
Operating Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, our net cash provided by operating activities of $335.2 million was primarily from operating income from our consolidated properties, which is affected primarily by rental rates, occupancy levels and operating expenses related to our portfolio of properties. Cash provided by operating activities increased $17.8 million compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The increase in operating cash flow is largely the result of changes in operating assets and liabilities during 2008 relative to 2007.
Investing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, net cash provided by investing activities of $937.4 million consisted primarily of proceeds from disposition of real estate and distributions received from investments in unconsolidated real estate partnerships, partially offset by capital expenditures and purchases of real estate.
Although we hold all of our properties for investment, we sell properties when they do not meet our investment criteria or are located in areas that we believe do not justify our continued investment when compared to alternative uses for our capital. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we sold 88 consolidated properties. These properties were sold for an aggregate sales price of $1,590.6 million and generated proceeds totaling $1,515.0 million, after the payment of transaction costs and debt prepayment penalties. The $1,515.0 million in proceeds is inclusive of promote income which is generated by the disposition of consolidated joint ventures, debt assumed by buyers and sales proceeds placed into escrows for 1031 tax-free exchanges and other purposes. These items are excluded from proceeds from disposition of real estate in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. Sales proceeds were used to repay property level debt, repay borrowings under our revolving credit facility, repurchase common OP Units from Aimco in connection with Aimco’s concurrent repurchase of its Class A Common Stock and for other corporate purposes.
Our portfolio management strategy includes property acquisitions and dispositions to concentrate our portfolio in the 20 largest U.S. markets as measured by total market capitalization. We are currently marketing for sale certain properties that are inconsistent with this long-term investment strategy. Additionally, from time to time, we may market certain properties that are consistent with this strategy but offer attractive returns. We plan to use our share of the net proceeds from such dispositions to reduce debt, fund capital expenditures on existing assets, fund acquisitions, repurchase common OP Units from Aimco in connection with Aimco’s concurrent repurchase of its Class A Common Stock, and for other operating needs and corporate purposes.
Capital Expenditures
We classify all capital spending as Capital Replacements (which we refer to as CR), Capital Improvements (which we refer to as CI), casualties, redevelopment or entitlement. Expenditures other than casualty, redevelopment and entitlement capital expenditures are apportioned between CR and CI based on the useful life of the capital item under consideration and the period we have owned the property.

 

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CR represents the share of capital expenditures that are deemed to replace the portion of acquired capital assets that was consumed during the period we have owned the asset. CI represents the share of expenditures that are made to enhance the value, profitability or useful life of an asset as compared to its original purchase condition. CR and CI exclude capital expenditures for casualties, redevelopment and entitlements. Casualty expenditures represent capitalized costs incurred in connection with casualty losses and are associated with the restoration of the asset. A portion of the restoration costs may be reimbursed by insurance carriers subject to deductibles associated with each loss. Redevelopment expenditures represent expenditures that substantially upgrade the property. Entitlement expenditures represent costs incurred in connection with obtaining local governmental approvals to increase density and add residential units to a site.
The table below details our share of actual spending, on both consolidated and unconsolidated real estate partnerships, for CR, CI, casualties, redevelopment and entitlements for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, on a per unit and total dollar basis. Per unit numbers for CR and CI are based on approximately 128,508 average units during the period, including 111,623 conventional and 16,885 affordable units. Average units are weighted for the portion of the period that we owned an interest in the property, represent ownership-adjusted effective units, and exclude non-managed units. Total capital expenditures are reconciled to our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the same period (in thousands, except per unit amounts).
                 
    Aimco’s     Per  
    Share of     Effective  
    Expenditures     Unit  
Capital Replacements Detail:
               
Building and grounds
  $ 25,323     $ 197  
Turnover related
    36,356       283  
Capitalized site payroll and indirect costs
    10,820       84  
 
           
Our share of Capital Replacements
  $ 72,499     $ 564  
 
           
 
               
Capital Replacements:
               
Conventional
  $ 68,060     $ 610  
Affordable
    4,439     $ 263  
 
             
Our share of Capital Replacements
    72,499     $ 564  
 
             
 
               
Capital Improvements:
               
Conventional
    76,875     $ 689  
Affordable
    8,210     $ 486  
 
             
Our share of Capital Improvements
    85,085     $ 662  
 
             
 
               
Casualties (1):
               
Conventional
    7,818          
Affordable
    1,453          
 
             
Our share of casualties
    9,271          
 
             
 
               
Redevelopment:
               
Conventional projects
    182,185          
Tax credit projects
    73,832          
 
             
Our share of redevelopment
    256,017          
 
             
 
               
Entitlement
    18,226          
 
             
 
               
Our share of capital expenditures
    441,098          
Plus minority partners’ share of consolidated spending
    35,498          
Less our share of unconsolidated spending
    (566 )        
 
             
Total capital expenditures per condensed consolidated statement of cash flows
  $ 476,030          
 
             
     
(1)  
Casualties for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, reflects only the portion of the anticipated spending related to Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricane Ike incurred as of September 30, 2008.
Included in the above spending for CI, casualties, redevelopment and entitlement, was approximately $48.6 million of our share of capitalized site payroll and indirect costs related to these activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.

 

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We funded all of the above capital expenditures with cash provided by operating activities, working capital and property sales, as discussed below.
Financing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, net cash used in financing activities of $1,264.1 million was primarily attributable to debt principal payments, redemption of common OP Units, repurchases of preferred OP Units, payments of distributions to common and preferred unitholders and distributions to minority interests. These cash outflows were partially offset by proceeds from property loans and tax-exempt bond financing.
Mortgage Debt
At September 30, 2008, we had $6.5 billion in consolidated mortgage debt outstanding, including mortgage debt classified within liabilities related to assets held for sale, as compared to $7.0 billion outstanding at December 31, 2007. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we refinanced or closed mortgage loans on 53 consolidated properties, generating $509.1 million of proceeds from borrowings with a weighted average interest rate of 5.45%. Our share of the net proceeds after repayment of existing debt, payment of transaction costs and distributions to limited partners, was $279.4 million. We used these total net proceeds for capital expenditures and other corporate purposes. We intend to continue to refinance mortgage debt to generate proceeds in amounts exceeding our scheduled amortizations and maturities, generally not to increase loan-to-value, but as a means to monetize asset appreciation. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we acquired two properties for which a portion of the purchase price was funded using $35.0 million in mortgage loan proceeds.
Fair Value Measurements
From time to time, we enter into total rate of return swaps on various fixed rate secured tax-exempt bonds payable and fixed rate notes payable to convert these borrowings from a fixed rate to a variable rate and provide an efficient financing product to lower our cost of borrowing. The counterparty to these swap arrangements purchases the debt in the open market and contemporaneously enters into the total rate of return swap with us on the purchased debt. In exchange for our receipt of a fixed rate generally equal to the underlying borrowing’s interest rate, the total rate of return swaps require that we pay a variable rate, equivalent to the SIFMA rate for bonds payable and a LIBOR rate for second mortgage notes payable, plus a credit risk spread. These swaps generally have a second or third lien on the properties collateralized by the related borrowings, and the obligations under certain of these swaps are cross-collateralized with certain of the other swaps with a particular counterparty. The swaps generally have a remaining term from three to four years, which may be extended. The total rate of return swaps have a contractually defined termination value generally equal to the difference between the fair value and the counterparty’s purchased value of the underlying borrowings, which may require payment by us to the counterparty if the fair value is less than the purchased value, or to us from the counterparty if the fair value is greater than the purchased value. The underlying borrowings are generally callable at our option, with no prepayment penalty, with 30 days advance notice.
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, or SFAS 133, we designate total rate of return swaps as hedges of the risk of overall changes in the fair value of the underlying borrowings. At each reporting period, we estimate the fair value of these borrowings and the total rate of return swaps and recognize any changes therein as an adjustment of interest expense.
Effective in the first quarter of 2008, we estimate fair values for these instruments in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or SFAS 157. As the swap instruments are nontransferable, there is no alternate or secondary market for these instruments. Accordingly, our assumptions about the fair value that a willing market participant would assign in valuing these instruments are based on a hypothetical market in which the highest and best use of these contracts is in-use in combination with the related borrowings, similar to how we use the contracts. Based on these assumptions, we believe the termination value, or exit value, of the swaps approximates the fair value that would be assigned by a willing market participant. We calculate the termination value using a market approach by reference to estimates of the fair value of the related underlying borrowings, and an evaluation of potential changes in the credit quality of the counterparties to these arrangements. While these fair value measurements include observable components that can be validated to observable external sources, the primary inputs we use in estimating fair value are unobservable inputs. We classify the inputs to these fair value measurements within Level 3 of the SFAS 157 valuation hierarchy based upon the significance of these unobservable factors to the overall fair value measurements. We compare our estimates of fair value of the swaps and related borrowings to valuations provided by the counterparties on a quarterly basis.

 

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Our method used to calculate the fair value of the total rate of return swaps generally results in changes in fair value that are equal to the changes in fair value of the related borrowings, which is consistent with our hedging strategy. We believe that these financial instruments are highly effective in offsetting the changes in fair value of the related borrowings during the hedging period and, accordingly, changes in the fair value of these instruments have no material impact on our liquidity, results of operations or capital resources.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, changes in the fair values of these financial instruments resulted in decreases of $6.9 million and $13.4 million in the carrying amount of the hedged borrowings and equal increases in accrued liabilities and other for total rate of return swaps. At September 30, 2008, the cumulative recognized changes in the fair value of these financial instruments resulted in a $22.8 million reduction in the carrying amount of the hedged borrowings offset by an equal increase in accrued liabilities and other for total rate of return swaps. The current and cumulative decreases in the fair values of the hedged borrowings and related swaps reflect the recent uncertainty in the credit markets which has decreased demand and increased pricing for similar debt instruments.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, we received net cash receipts of $4.3 million and $12.1 million, respectively, under the total return swaps, which positively impacted our liquidity. To the extent interest rates increase above the fixed rates on the underlying borrowings, our obligations under the total return swaps will negatively impact our liquidity.
See Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 for more information on our total rate of return swaps and related borrowings.
Credit Facility
We have an Amended and Restated Senior Secured Credit Agreement with a syndicate of financial institutions, which we refer to as the Credit Agreement. In September 2008, we entered into a fifth amendment to the Credit Facility that modifies certain provisions related to letters of credit.
The aggregate amount of commitments and loans under the Credit Agreement is $1.125 billion, comprised of $475.0 million in term loans and $650.0 million of revolving loan commitments. The $75.0 million term loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.375%, or, at our option, a base rate (currently at Prime) plus 0.25%, and matures September 2009. The $400.0 million term loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.5%, or, at our option, a base rate (currently at Prime) plus 0.25%, and matures March 2011. Our revolving loan facility matures May 2009, and may be extended for an additional year, subject to a 20.0 basis point fee on the total commitments. Borrowings under the revolver bear interest based on a pricing grid determined by leverage (currently at LIBOR plus 1.375%). We are permitted to increase the aggregate commitments under the credit agreement (which may be revolving or term loan commitments) by an amount not to exceed $175.0 million, subject to receipt of commitments from lenders and other customary conditions.
At September 30, 2008, the term loans had an outstanding principal balance of $475.0 million and a weighted average interest rate of 4.01%. At September 30, 2008, the revolving loans had an outstanding principal balance of $5.1 million and an interest rate of 5.0%. The amount available under the revolving credit facility at September 30, 2008, was $589.0 million (after giving effect to $55.9 million outstanding for undrawn letters of credit issued under the revolving credit facility). The proceeds of revolving loans are generally permitted to be used to fund working capital and for other corporate purposes.
Partner’s Capital Transactions
In December 2007 and July 2008, we declared special distributions payable on January 30, 2008 and August 29, 2008, respectively, to holders of record of common OP Units and High Performance Units on December 31, 2007 and July 28, 2008, respectively. The special distributions were paid on common OP Units and High Performance Units in the amounts listed below. We distributed to Aimco common OP Units equal to the number of shares issued pursuant to Aimco’s corresponding special dividends (discussed below) in addition to approximately $0.60 per unit in cash. Holders of common OP Units other than Aimco and holders of High Performance Units received the distributions entirely in cash, in the amounts noted below.

 

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Also in December 2007 and July 2008, Aimco’s board of directors declared corresponding special dividends payable on January 30, 2008 and August 29, 2008, respectively, to holders of record of Aimco Class A Common Stock on December 31, 2007 and July 28, 2008, respectively. A portion of the special dividends in the amounts of $0.60 per share represented payment of the regular dividend for the quarters ended December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008, and the remaining amount per share represented additional dividends associated with taxable gains from property dispositions. The special dividends were paid in the amounts listed in the table below. Portions of the special dividends were paid through the issuance of shares of Aimco’s Class A Common Stock, determined based on the average closing price of Aimco’s Class A Common Stock as previously disclosed.
                 
Special Distributions   January 2008     August 2008  
Distribution per unit
  $ 2.51     $ 3.00  
Total distribution
  $ 257.2 million     $ 285.5 million  
Common OP Units and High Performance Units outstanding on record date
    102,478,510       95,151,333  
Common OP Units held by Aimco
    92,795,891       85,619,144  
Total distribution on Aimco common OP Units
  $ 232.9 million     $ 256.9 million  
Cash distribution to Aimco
  $ 55.0 million     $ 51.4 million  
Portion of distribution paid to Aimco through issuance of common OP Units
  $ 177.9 million     $ 205.5 million  
Common OP Units issued to Aimco pursuant to distribution
    4,594,074       5,731,310  
Effective increase in outstanding common OP Units and High Performance units on record date
    4.48%       6.02%  
Cash distributed to holders of common OP Units and High Performance Units other than Aimco
  $ 24.3 million     $ 28.6 million  
 
               
Amounts after elimination of the effects of units held by us and our consolidated subsidiaries:
               
Common OP Units and High Performance Units outstanding on record date
    102,062,370       94,714,854  
Common OP Units held by Aimco
    92,379,751       85,182,665  
Total distribution
  $ 256.2 million     $ 284.1 million  
Total distribution on Aimco common OP units
  $ 231.9 million     $ 255.5 million  
Cash distribution to Aimco
  $ 54.8 million     $ 51.1 million  
Portion of dividend paid through issuance of shares
  $ 177.1 million     $ 204.4 million  
Common OP Units issued pursuant to distribution
    4,573,735       5,703,265  
The effect of the issuance of additional units pursuant to the special distributions has been retroactively reflected in each of the historical periods presented as if those units were issued and outstanding at the beginning of the earliest period presented; accordingly, all activity prior to the ex-dividend date of the special distributions, including unit issuances, repurchases and forfeitures, have been adjusted to reflect the effective increases in the number of units, except in limited instances where noted otherwise.
In April 2008, we and Aimco filed a new shelf registration statement to replace the existing shelf (which was due to expire later in 2008) that provides for the issuance of debt securities by us and equity securities by Aimco.
Aimco’s board of directors has, from time to time, authorized Aimco to repurchase shares of Aimco Class A Common Stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, Aimco repurchased 12,654,526 partnership common units from Aimco for cash totaling $423.5 million concurrent with Aimco’s repurchase of an equal number of shares of Class A Common Stock. As of September 30, 2008, Aimco was authorized to repurchase approximately 21.3 million additional shares of our Common Stock under an authorization that has no expiration date. Aimco’s future repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. In the event of any repurchases of shares of Aimco Class A Common Stock by Aimco, it is expected that the Partnership would repurchase an equal number of common OP Units owned by Aimco.
Future Capital Needs
We expect to fund any future acquisitions, additional redevelopment projects and capital improvements principally with proceeds from property sales (including tax-free exchange proceeds), short-term borrowings, debt and equity financing (including tax credit equity) and operating cash flows.

 

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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our primary market risk exposure relates to changes in base interest rates, mortgage spreads and availability of credit. We are not subject to any foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity price risk, or any other material market rate or price risks. We use predominantly long-term, fixed-rate non-recourse mortgage debt in order to avoid the refunding and repricing risks of short-term borrowings. We use short-term debt financing and working capital primarily to fund short-term uses and acquisitions and generally expect to refinance such borrowings with cash from operating activities, property sales proceeds, long-term debt or equity financings. We use total rate-of-return swaps to obtain the benefit of variable rates on certain of our fixed rate debt instruments. We make limited use of other derivative financial instruments and we do not use them for trading or other speculative purposes.
We had $1,489.5 million of floating rate debt and $73.0 million of floating rate preferred units outstanding at September 30, 2008. Of the total floating rate debt, the major components were floating rate tax-exempt bond financing ($609.0 million), floating rate secured notes ($391.9 million), and term loans ($475.0 million). At September 30, 2008, we had approximately $706.8 million in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and notes receivable, the majority of which bear interest. We also had approximately $149.0 million of variable rate debt associated with our redevelopment activities, for which we capitalize a portion of the interest expense. The effect of our interest bearing assets and of capitalizing interest on variable rate debt associated with our redevelopment activities would partially reduce the effect of an increase in variable interest rates. Historically, changes in tax-exempt interest rates have been at a ratio of less than 1:1 with changes in taxable interest rates. Floating rate tax-exempt bond financing is benchmarked against the SIFMA rate, which since 1989 has averaged 69% of the 30-day LIBOR rate. During 2008, the SIFMA rate has averaged 83% of the 30-day LIBOR rate. If the historical relationship continues, on an annual basis, an increase in 30-day LIBOR of 1.0% (0.69% in tax-exempt interest rates) would result in our income before minority interests being reduced by $4.6 million and our income attributable to common unitholders being reduced by $6.2 million.
We believe that the fair values of our floating rate secured tax-exempt bond debt and floating rate secured long-term debt as of September 30, 2008, approximate their carrying values. The fair value for our fixed-rate debt agreements was estimated based on the market rate for debt with the same or similar terms. The combined carrying amount of our fixed-rate secured tax-exempt bonds and fixed-rate secured notes payable at September 30, 2008, was $5.3 billion compared to the estimated fair value of $5.2 billion. If market rates for our fixed-rate debt were higher by 1.0%, the estimated fair value of our fixed-rate debt would have decreased from $5.2 billion to $4.9 billion. If market rates for our fixed-rate debt were lower by 1%, the estimated fair value of our fixed-rate debt would have increased from $5.2 billion to $5.5 billion.
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Partnership’s management, with the participation of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of the General Partner, who are the equivalent of the Partnership’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, respectively, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of the General Partner have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the third quarter of 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
As of the date of this report, there have been no material changes from the risk factors in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(c) Repurchases of Equity Securities. Our Partnership Agreement generally provides that after holding the common OP Units for one year, our Limited Partners have the right to redeem their common OP Units for cash, subject to our prior right to cause Aimco to acquire some or all of the common OP Units tendered for redemption in exchange for shares of Aimco Class A Common Stock. Common OP Units redeemed for Aimco Class A Common Stock are generally on a one-for-one basis (subject to antidilution adjustments). During the three months ended September 30, 2008, approximately 2,400 common OP Units were redeemed in exchange for an equal number of shares of Aimco Class A Common Stock. The following table summarizes repurchases of our equity securities for the three months ended September 30, 2008:
                                 
                            Maximum Number  
                    Total Number of     of Units that  
    Total     Average     Units Purchased as     May Yet Be  
    Number     Price     Part of Publicly     Purchased Under  
    of Units     Paid     Announced Plans     the Plans  
Period   Purchased     per Unit     or Programs (1)     or Programs (2)  
July 1 – July 31, 2008 (3)
    2,915,613     $ 34.45       N/A       N/A  
August 1 – August 31, 2008
    4,400     $ 34.89       N/A       N/A  
September 1 – September 30, 2008
    1,683     $ 21.63       N/A       N/A  
 
                           
Total
    2,921,696     $ 34.44                  
 
                           
     
(1)  
The terms of our Partnership Agreement do not provide for a maximum number of units that may be repurchased, and other than the express terms of our Partnership Agreement, we have no publicly announced plans or programs of repurchase. However, whenever Aimco repurchases its Class A Common Stock, it is expected that Aimco will fund the repurchase with a concurrent repurchase by us of common OP Units held by Aimco at a price per unit that is equal to the price per share paid for the Class A Common Stock.
 
(2)  
Aimco’s board of directors has, from time to time, authorized Aimco to repurchase shares of Class A Common Stock. As of September 30, 2008, Aimco was authorized to repurchase approximately 21.3 million additional shares. This authorization has no expiration date. These repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions.
 
(3)  
During the period from July 1 through July 31, we repurchased from Aimco 2,902,900 common OP Units concurrent with Aimco’s repurchase of an equal number of shares of Aimco Class A Common stock, at an average price of $34.45 per unit. The number of units repurchased from Aimco during this period totaled 3,053,931, resulting in an average price of $32.74 per unit, after giving effect to the units issued pursuant to the August 2008 special distribution discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 1.
Distribution Payments. Our Credit Agreement includes customary covenants, including a restriction on distributions and other restricted payments, but permits distributions during any 12-month period in an aggregate amount of up to 95% of our Funds From Operations for such period or such amount as may be necessary for Aimco to maintain its REIT status.

 

39


Table of Contents

ITEM 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed with this report:
     
EXHIBIT NO.    
 
   
10.1
 
Fifth Amendment to Senior Secured Credit Agreement, dated as of September 9, 2008, by and among Apartment Investment and Management Company, AIMCO Properties, L.P., and AIMCO/Bethesda Holdings, Inc., as the Borrowers, the pledgors and guarantors named therein, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and Bank of America, N.A. and the other lenders party thereto (Exhibit 10.1 to Aimco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 9, 2008, is incorporated herein by this reference)
 
   
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
32.1
 
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
32.2
 
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
99.1
 
Agreement Regarding Disclosure of Long-Term Debt Instruments

 

40


Table of Contents

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
         
  AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.
 
 
  By:   AIMCO-GP, Inc., its general partner    
     
  By:   /s/ THOMAS M. HERZOG    
    Thomas M. Herzog   
    Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(duly authorized officer and
principal financial officer)
 
 
     
  By:   /s/ PAUL BELDIN    
    Paul Beldin   
    Senior Vice President and
Chief Accounting Officer
 
 
Date: October 31, 2008

 

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Table of Contents

Exhibit Index
     
EXHIBIT NO.   EXHIBIT TITLE
 
   
10.1
 
Fifth Amendment to Senior Secured Credit Agreement, dated as of September 9, 2008, by and among Apartment Investment and Management Company, AIMCO Properties, L.P., and AIMCO/Bethesda Holdings, Inc., as the Borrowers, the pledgors and guarantors named therein, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and Bank of America, N.A. and the other lenders party thereto (Exhibit 10.1 to Aimco’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 9, 2008, is incorporated herein by this reference)
 
   
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
32.1
 
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
32.2
 
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
   
99.1
  Agreement Regarding Disclosure of Long-Term Debt Instruments

 

 

EX-31.1 2 c76501exv31w1.htm EXHIBIT 31.1 Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
Exhibit 31.1
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION
I, Terry Considine, certify that:
1.  
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of AIMCO Properties, L.P.;
 
2.  
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.  
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.  
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
  (a)  
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
  (b)  
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
  (c)  
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
  (d)  
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
5.  
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
  (a)  
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
  (b)  
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: October 31, 2008
         
  /s/ Terry Considine    
  Terry Considine   
  Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (equivalent of the chief executive officer
of AIMCO Properties, L.P.) 
 

 

 

EX-31.2 3 c76501exv31w2.htm EXHIBIT 31.2 Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
Exhibit 31.2
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION
I, Thomas M. Herzog, certify that:
1.  
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of AIMCO Properties, L.P.;
 
2.  
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.  
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.  
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
  (a)  
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
  (b)  
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
  (c)  
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
  (d)  
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
5.  
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
  (a)  
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
  (b)  
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: October 31, 2008
         
  /s/ Thomas M. Herzog    
  Thomas M. Herzog   
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(equivalent of the chief financial officer
of AIMCO Properties, L.P.) 
 

 

 

EX-32.1 4 c76501exv32w1.htm EXHIBIT 32.1 Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
Exhibit 32.1
Certification of CEO Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of AIMCO Properties, L.P. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Terry Considine, as Chief Executive Officer of the Company hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.
         
     
/s/ Terry Considine      
Terry Considine     
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(equivalent of the chief executive officer
of AIMCO Properties, L.P.) 
   
October 31, 2008     

 

 

EX-32.2 5 c76501exv32w2.htm EXHIBIT 32.2 Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
Exhibit 32.2
Certification of CFO Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
As Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of AIMCO Properties, L.P. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Thomas M. Herzog, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.
         
     
/s/ Thomas M. Herzog      
Thomas M. Herzog     
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(equivalent of the chief financial officer
of AIMCO Properties, L.P.) 
   
October 31, 2008     

 

 

EX-99.1 6 c76501exv99w1.htm EXHIBIT 99.1 Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
Exhibit 99.1
Agreement Regarding Disclosure of Long-Term Debt Instruments
In reliance upon Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K, AIMCO Properties, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Partnership”), has not filed as an exhibit to its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008, any instrument with respect to long-term debt not being registered where the total amount of securities authorized thereunder does not exceed ten percent of the total assets of the Partnership and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K, the Partnership hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any such agreement to the Securities Exchange Commission upon request.
         
  AIMCO Properties, L.P.
 
 
  By:   AIMCO-GP, Inc., its general partner    
     
  By:   /s/ Thomas M. Herzog    
    Thomas M. Herzog   
    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer   
 

 

 

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