EX-99.1 11 d83562exv99w1.htm EX-99.1 exv99w1
Exhibit 99.1
(CONGENT LOGO)
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC
Valuation, Consultation, Due Diligence
Appraisal of
Tamarac Village Apartments
3300 South Tamarac Drive
Denver, CO 80231


 

(CONGENT LOGO)
March 16, 2011
Mr. Trent Johnson
Vice President
Concap Equities, Inc.
4582 S. Ulster St., Suite 1100
Denver, CO 80237
Re:   Appraisal of Tamarac Village Apartments
3300 South Tamarac Drive
Denver, Colorado 80231
Dear Mr. Johnson:
Cogent Realty Advisors, LLC (“CRA”) has completed an appraisal of the above-referenced property as authorized by our February 11, 2011 engagement letter. The purpose of this assignment is to estimate the Market Value of the Fee Simple Interest in the subject property, free and clear of mortgage financing as of February 23, 2011, the date the property was inspected by the appraiser. The report has been prepared for Concap Equities, Inc. for client’s use in asset evaluation and financial reporting purposes.
Situated as noted above, the subject property consists of a 25.16-acre site improved with a 564-unit garden-style apartment complex containing 411,129 square feet of rentable area. Additional site improvements include a clubhouse with fitness center, basketball court and racquetball court, three swimming pools with surrounding patio/deck areas, three tennis courts, a playground, sand volleyball court, asphalt-paved driveways and surface parking areas with some covered parking stalls, concrete walkways and mature landscaping. The complex, locally known as the Tamarac Village Apartments, is classified as a Class B apartment community by local market standards. The property, originally developed in 1977, is operating at stabilized occupancy and is in average to good physical condition in comparison to substitute properties of similar age and characteristics. The subject property is more fully described, legally and physically, within the attached report.
Based on the analysis contained in the attached report, the Market Value of the Fee Simple Interest in the subject property, free and clear of mortgage financing, as of February 23, 2011, is:
THIRTY-NINE MILLION SIX HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS
($39,600,000)
This letter must remain attached to the following report, which contains the pages found in the Table of Contents on Page i. Please also refer to the Basic Assumptions and Limiting Conditions section of the report that includes Extraordinary Conditions/Special Assumptions that were considered in the valuation of the subject property. The report was prepared in compliance with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) as set forth by the Appraisal Foundation and in accordance with the Code of Professional Ethics and Standards of Professional Practice of the Appraisal Institute.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC
Commercial Real Estate Valuation, Consultation, Due Diligence
5307 E. Mockingbird Lane, Suite 1050, Dallas, Texas 75206
Tel: 214.363.3373 Fax: 214.369.4388


 

(CONGENT LOGO)
     
Mr. Trent Johnson   March 16, 2011
Concap Equities, Inc.   Page 2
It has been a pleasure to be of service to you. Please do not hesitate to call with any questions you may have regarding our assumptions, observations or conclusions.
Respectfully submitted,
COGENT REALTY ADVISORS LLC
-s- Steven J. Goldberg
By:   Steven J. Goldberg, MAI, CCIM
Managing Partner


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
         
Title Page
       
Letter of Transmittal
       
Table of Contents
    i  
Certificate of Appraisal
    ii  
Basic Assumptions and Limiting Conditions
    iii  
Subject Property Photographs & Maps
    v  
PREMISES OF THE APPRAISAL
         
Summary of Salient Facts and Conclusions
    1  
Property Identification
    3  
Sales History
    3  
Purpose and Scope of the Appraisal
    3  
Definition of Value
    4  
Property Rights Appraised
    4  
Intended Use and User of the Appraisal and Reporting
    4  
Exposure and Marketing Periods
    4  
PRESENTATION OF DATA
         
Regional and Area Analysis
    6  
Neighborhood Analysis
    12  
Site Analysis
    15  
Improvement Analysis
    17  
Real Estate Assessments and Taxes
    21  
MARKET ANALYSIS
         
Apartment Market Analysis
    23  
Market Rent Analysis
    25  
ANALYSIS OF DATA AND CONCLUSIONS
         
Highest and Best Use
    34  
Valuation Process
    36  
Income Capitalization Approach
    38  
Sales Comparison Approach
    45  
Reconciliation and Final Value Conclusion
    52  
ADDENDA
Additional Subject Property Photographs
Floor Plans
Improved Sales Photographs
Appraiser Qualifications
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page ii
CERTIFICATE OF APPRAISAL
I, Steven J. Goldberg, MAI, CCIM, certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief:
The statements of fact contained in this appraisal are true and correct.
The reported analyses, opinions, and conclusions are limited only by the reported assumptions and limiting conditions, and my personal, unbiased professional analyses, opinions, and conclusions.
I have no present or prospective interest in the property that is the subject property of this appraisal, and have no personal interest or bias with respect to the parties involved.
My compensation is not contingent upon the reporting of a predetermined value or direction in value that favors the cause of the client, the amount of value estimate, the attainment of a stipulated result, or the occurrence of a subsequent event
My analyses, opinions, and conclusions were developed, and this report has been prepared, in conformity with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) as promulgated by the Appraisal Standards Board of the Appraisal Foundation and the Code of Professional Ethics and Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice of the Appraisal Institute.
Steven Goldberg, MAI made a personal inspection of the property that is the subject of this appraisal on February 23, 2011.
Eric S. Orme assisted in the preparation in this report by collecting and confirming market and factual data.
This appraisal was not prepared in conjunction with a request for a specific value or a value within a given range or predicated upon loan approval.
I have the knowledge and experience necessary to perform this appraisal assignment and have extensive experience in the appraisal of similar properties.
As of the date of this appraisal Steven J. Goldberg, MAI has completed the requirements under the continuing education program of the Appraisal Institute.
The use of this report is subject to the requirements of the Appraisal Institute relating to review its duly authorized representatives.
I have not appraised or provided other services relative to the subject property in the past three years.
The Colorado Board of Real Estate Appraisers has granted Steven J. Goldberg a Temporary Practice Permit to operate in the capacity of a Certified General Appraiser for the purpose of completing an appraisal of the subject property (Temporary Practice Permit #AT40041421).
COGENT REALTY ADVISORS LLC
-s- Steven J. Goldberg
By:   Steven J. Goldberg, MAI, CCIM
Managing Partner
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page iii
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITING CONDITIONS
This appraisal report is subject to the following assumptions and limiting conditions:
1.   No responsibility is assumed for the legal description or for matters including legal or title considerations. Title to the property is assumed to be good and marketable unless otherwise stated.
 
2.   The property is appraised free and clear of any or all liens or encumbrances unless otherwise stated.
 
3.   Responsible ownership and competent property management are assumed.
 
4.   The information furnished by others is believed to be reliable. However, no warranty is given for its accuracy.
 
5.   All engineering is assumed to be correct. The plot plans and illustrative material in this report are included only to assist the reader in visualizing the property.
 
6.   It is assumed that there are no hidden or unapparent conditions of the property, subsoil, or structures that render it more or less valuable. No responsibility is assumed for such conditions or for arranging for engineering studies that may be required to discover them.
 
7.   It is assumed that there is full compliance with all applicable federal, state, and local environmental regulations and laws unless noncompliance is stated, defined, and considered in the appraisal report.
 
8.   It is assumed that all applicable zoning and use regulations and restrictions have been complied with, unless nonconformity has been stated, defined, and considered in the appraisal report.
 
9.   It is assumed that all required licenses, certificates of occupancy, consents, or other legislative or administrative authority from any local, state, or national government or private entity or organization have been or can be obtained or renewed for any use on which the value estimate contained in this report is based.
 
10.   It is assumed that the utilization of the land and improvements is within the boundaries or property lines of the property described and that there is no encroachment or trespass unless noted in the report.
 
11.   The distribution, if any, of the total valuation in this report between land and improvements applies only under the stated program of utilization. The separate allocations for land and buildings must not be used in conjunction with any other appraisal and are invalid if so used.
 
12.   Unless otherwise stated, possession of this report, or a copy thereof, does not carry with it the right of publication.
 
13.   The appraiser, by reason of this appraisal, is not required to give further consultation, testimony, or be in attendance in court with reference to the property in question unless arrangements have been previously made.
 
14.   Unless otherwise stated, neither all nor any part of the contents of this report (especially any conclusions as to value, the identity of the appraiser, or the firm with which the appraiser is connected) shall be disseminated to the public through advertising, public relations, news, sales, or other media without prior written consent and approval of the appraisers.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page iv
15.   Unless otherwise stated in this report, the existence of hazardous substances, including without limitation asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, petroleum leakage, or agricultural chemicals, which may or may not be present on the property, or other environmental conditions, were not called to the attention of nor did the appraiser become aware of such during the appraiser’s inspection. The appraiser has no knowledge of the existence of such materials on or in the property unless otherwise stated. The appraiser, however, is not qualified to test such substances or conditions. If the presence of such substances, such as asbestos, urea formaldehyde foam insulation, or other hazardous substances or environmental conditions, may affect the value of the property, the value is predicated on the assumption that there is no such condition on or in the property or in such proximity thereto that it would cause a loss in value. No responsibility is assumed for any such conditions, or for any expertise or engineering knowledge required to discover them. The client is urged to retain an expert in this field, if desired.
 
16.   The Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) became effective January 26, 1992. The appraiser has not made a specific compliance survey and analysis of this property to determine whether or not it is in conformity with the various detailed requirements of the ADA. It is possible that a compliance survey of the property, together with a detailed analysis of the requirements of the ADA, could reveal that the property is not in compliance with one or more of the requirements of the Act. If so, this fact could have a negative effect upon the value of the property. Since the appraiser has no direct evidence relating to this issue, he did not consider possible non-compliance with the requirements of the ADA in estimating the value of the property.
 
17.   Former personal property items such as kitchen and bathroom appliances are now either permanently affixed to the real estate or are implicitly part of the real estate in that tenants expect the use of such items in exchange for rent and never gain any of the rights of ownership. Furthermore, the intention of the owners is not to remove the articles which are required under the implied or express Warranty of Habitability. The accounting for the short-lived nature of such items is reflected in a reserves for replacement expense category.
EXTRAORDINARY ASSUMPTIONS/SPECIAL CONDITIONS
1.   We have not been provided with a current survey, architectural plans or other specifications for the subject property. Therefore, we have relied upon data obtained from public records, our cursory inspection of the property and client provided rent roll data and floor plans for the purpose of estimating the site and building size and other details pertaining to the existing improvements.
 
2.   Our inspection of the property comprised an overview of the exterior common areas as well as the interior of a random sampling of individual units. Our analysis is conditioned upon the assumption that the units not inspected are representative of similar condition and layout as the inspected units.
 
3.   The scope of our inspection of the subject property is limited to a cursory overview for valuation purposes only. All electrical, plumbing, mechanical and structural systems are assumed to be in proper working order. An inspection by a licensed contractor and/or engineer is recommended for further detailed information regarding the condition of the subject property.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page v
SUBJECT PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPHS
(IMAGE)
View of typical building
(IMAGE)

Interior view of typical unit — renovated kitchen
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page vi
REGIONAL MAP

(REGIONAL MAP)
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page vii
NEIGHBORHOOD MAP

(NEIGHBORHOOD MAP)
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 1
SUMMARY OF SALIENT FACTS AND CONCLUSIONS
     
Date of Value
  February 23, 2011
 
   
Date of Inspection
  February 23, 2011
 
   
Property Name
  Tamarac Village Apartments
 
   
Property Address
   3300 South Tamarac Drive Denver, Colorado 80231
 
   
Property Location
  The subject property is located along the east side of South Tamarac Road between East Eastman Avenue and East Girard Avenue. This places the subject in the southern portion of the Denver MSA in Central Colorado, approximately 9 miles south of the Denver Central Business District.
 
   
Purpose and Use
  Estimate the Market Value of the Fee Simple Interest in the subject property as of February 23, 2011, free and clear of mortgage financing. The appraisal was prepared for Concap Equities, Inc. to provide a valuation of the property for client’s use in asset evaluation and financial reporting purposes.
 
   
Site Size
  Irregular shaped site that contains a total of 25.16± acres
 
   
Zoning
  R-3 by the city of Denver
 
   
Improvements
  The subject property consists of a 25.16-acre site improved with a 564-unit garden-style apartment complex containing 411,129 square feet of rentable area. Additional site improvements include a clubhouse with fitness center, basketball court and racquetball court, three swimming pools with surrounding patio/deck areas, three tennis courts, a playground, sand volleyball court, asphalt-paved driveways and surface parking areas with some covered parking stalls, concrete walkways and mature landscaping. The complex, locally known as the Tamarac Village Apartments, is classified as a Class B apartment community by local market standards. The property, originally developed in 1977, is operating at stabilized occupancy and is in average to good physical condition in comparison to substitute properties of similar age and characteristics.
 
   
Tax Identification
   0633300097000, 0633300098000, and 0633300099000 (Denver County Property Assessor’s Office)
 
   
Total 2010 Assessed Value
   $30,999,900
 
   
Highest and Best Use
As If Vacant
As Improved
 
Eventual multifamily development
Continued use of the existing improvements
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 2
VALUATION INDICATIONS
         
Income Capitalization
       
Stabilized NOI
  $ 2,475,227  
Cap Rate
    6.25 %
Capitalized Value
  $ 39,600,000  
Value per Unit
  $ 70,213  
Value per Sq Ft
  $ 96.32  
 
Sales Comparison
  $ 39,500,000  
Value per Unit
  $ 70,000  
Value per Sq Ft
  $ 96.08  
 
Cost Approach
    N/A  
 
APPRAISED VALUE
  $ 39,600,000  
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 3
     
PREMISES OF THE APPRAISAL
 
   
Identification
  The subject property consists of a 25.16±-acre site improved with a 564-unit apartment complex known as Tamarac Village Apartments.
 
   
 
  The physical address of the property is 3300 South Tamarac Drive, Denver, Denver County, Colorado.
 
   
 
  The subject property is identified by the Denver County Property Assessor as Tax Parcel Identification Number 0633300097000, 0633300098000, and 0633300099000.
 
   
Sales History of the Subject Property
  According to public records, ownership of the subject property is vested in Tamarac Village LLC. There was a deed transfer in 2009 to modify the partnership structure in conjunction with a refinance which was not an arms length conveyance. No arms length transfers were noted in the three year period prior to the effective date of value. It is our understanding that the subject property is not being listed for sale and we are not aware of any contracts of sale pending as of the date this report was prepared.
 
   
Purpose and Scope of the Appraisal
  The purpose of the appraisal is to estimate the market value of the subject property free and clear of mortgage financing as of the date of value. It is the intent of the appraisers that the analysis, opinions and conclusions of this report be considered an unbiased, objective investigation performed by a disinterested third party with complete objectivity as to the outcome of the analysis.
 
   
 
  According to the Appraisal Institute’s Code of Professional Ethics and Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice, the scope of the appraisal is cited as “the extent of the process of collecting, confirming, and reporting data” included in an appraisal report. All appropriate data deemed pertinent to the solution of the appraisal problem has been collected and confirmed. In our appraisal of the subject property, we have:
 
   
 
 
1.   Inspected the subject property and its environs.
 
   
 
 
2.   Reviewed demographic and other socioeconomic trends pertaining to the city and region.
 
   
 
 
3.   Examined regional apartment market conditions, with special emphasis on the subject property’s apartment submarket.
 
   
 
 
4.   Investigated lease and sale transactions involving comparable properties in the influencing market.
 
   
 
 
5.   Reviewed the existing rent roll and discussed the leasing status with the building manager and leasing agent. In addition, we have reviewed the subject property’s recent operating history and those of competing properties.
 
   
 
 
6.   Utilized appropriate appraisal methodology to derive estimates of value.
 
   
 
 
7.   Reconciled the estimates of value into a single value conclusion.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 4
     
Definition of Market Value
  Market Value is defined by the Appraisal Institute, The Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal, Fourth Edition, Chicago, Illinois, Appraisal Institute, 2002, as:
 
   
 
  The most probable price which a specified interest in real property is likely to bring under all of the following conditions:
 
   
 
 
1.   Consummation of a sale occurs as of a specified date.
 
   
 
 
2.   An open and competitive market exists for the property interest appraised.
 
   
 
 
3.   The buyer and seller are each acting prudently and knowledgably.
 
   
 
 
4.   The price is not affected by undue stimulus.
 
   
 
 
5.   The buyer and seller are typically motivated.
 
   
 
 
6.   Both parties are acting in what they consider their best interest.
 
   
 
 
7.   Marketing efforts were adequate and a reasonable time was allowed for exposure in the open market.
 
   
 
 
8.   Payment was made in cash, in U.S. dollars or in terms of financial arrangements comparable thereto.
 
   
 
 
9.   The price represents the normal consideration for the property sold, unaffected by special or creative financing or sales concessions granted by anyone associated with the sale.
     
Property Rights Appraised
  Fee Simple Estate. A Fee Simple Estate is defined in The Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal, Fourth Edition, Chicago, Illinois, Appraisal Institute, 2002, as:
 
   
 
  “Absolute ownership unencumbered by any other interest or estate, subject only to the limitations of the four powers of government (eminent domain, escheat, police power and taxation)”.
 
   
Intended Use and Intended User
  The intended user of this report is Concap Equities, Inc., the general partner of the entity that owns the subject property. It is understood that this appraisal will be utilized by the intended user as an aid in asset evaluation and financial reporting. All others reading or relying on this appraisal report are considered unintended users of this appraisal. The appraisal cannot be used for any other reason than that stated above. Should anyone other than the client read or rely on this report, no fiduciary obligation is owed by the appraisers to that party. The appraisers are not responsible for unauthorized use of this report.
 
   
 
  This appraisal has been prepared in compliance with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) as promulgated by the Appraisal Standards Board of the Appraisal Foundation as well as the Code of Professional Ethics and Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice of the Appraisal Institute. The presentation of data and results of our analysis are presented in a Self-contained Report format as set forth under Standards Rule 2-2 of the USPAP.
 
   
Exposure Period
  According to the previously stated definition of Market Value, the property must be allowed a reasonable time to be exposed in the open
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 5
     
 
  market to achieve the appraised value. Exposure is defined by the Appraisal Institute, The Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal, as:
 
   
 
 
     The time a property remains on the market.
 
   
 
 
     The estimated length of time the property interest being appraised would have been offered on the market prior to the hypothetical consummation of a sale at market value on the effective date of the appraisal; a retrospective estimate based upon an analysis of past events assuming a competitive and open market. Exposure time is always presumed to occur prior to the effective date of the appraisal. The overall concept of reasonable exposure encompasses not only adequate, sufficient and reasonable time but also adequate, sufficient and reasonable effort. Exposure time is different for various types of real estate and value ranges and under various market conditions.
 
   
 
  Review of transfer records suggests that there is an active investor market for good quality apartment properties. Although marketing times increased over the past couple of years as a result of economic conditions, market fundamentals for apartment properties and overall economic conditions have begun to improve over the past few quarters resulting in an increase in investor demand, transaction activity and resulting decline in marketing times for most types of good quality commercial real estate investments.
 
   
 
  We believe that if the subject property were exposed to the market for a reasonable period of time prior to the effective date of this appraisal, which we consider to be a period of up to 12 months, the subject property would transfer at an appropriate price, that is to say, the appraised value. Support for this exposure period is provided by the Korpacz Real Estate Investor Survey Fourth Quarter 2010, which indicates that marketing times for apartment properties in the national market range from 0 to 18 months. The average marketing time equates to 6.29 months, down from 8.86 months reported one year ago. This marketing period is supported by data in the local market.
 
   
 
  We acknowledge that in appraising the property to sell after the aforementioned exposure period, we must place most emphasis on the buyer’s expectations and yield requirements. The value conclusion rendered for the property through implementation of the Income Capitalization Approach has been accorded most significance as this technique most closely emulates buyer’s expectations and yield requirements. The market value estimate concluded herein assumes an exposure and marketing period of up to 12 months has occurred.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 6
     
REGIONAL AND AREA ANALYSIS
 
   
Introduction
  Real estate values reflect the influence of four primary forces that motivate human activity; social trends, economic conditions, governmental policies and environmental factors. The purpose of the city data synopsis is to describe and analyze the area within which the interactions of the four major forces influence properties similar to the subject. This section will further analyze past trends for insight into possible future trends affecting the value of real estate.
 
   
 
  The subject property is located within the Denver Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Denver is located along the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains and is the capital of the state of Colorado. At an elevation of 5,280 feet above sea level, Denver is often referred to as “The Mile High City”.
 
   
 
  The Denver MSA consists of ten counties and is the nation’s 17th largest metropolitan area. The CBSA accounts for 61.7% of the state population of 3.9+ million people. The region experienced significant population growth in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Growth tapered off in the late 1980s, but accelerated in the 1990’s with the CBSA experiencing a 30.8% increase in population from 1990 to 2000. From 2000 through 2009 the MSA recorded growth of 17.93%.
 
   
 
  Relevant socioeconomic characteristics of the area include the following: population, income, employment, transportation, and quality of life issues.
 
   
Population
  Colorado’s increasing employment numbers, retail sales and the recovering rate of personal income growth are being seen as the primary reasons for the state’s comeback in population growth. The following table summarizes the MSA’s population by County.
DENVER-AURORA CORE BASED STATISTICAL AREA
                         
County   2010 Pop   2000 Pop   % CHG
City and County of Denver
    632,429       554,636       14.03 %
Arapahoe County
    561,890       487967       15.15 %
Jefferson County
    534,949       527056       1.50 %
Adams County
    439,176       363857       20.70 %
Douglas County
    289,295       175766       64.59 %
City and County of Broomfield
    57,987       0     NA
Elbert County
    22,684       19,872       14.15 %
Park County
    17,581       14,523       21.06 %
Clear Creek County
    9,016       9,322       -3.28 %
Gilpin County
    5,165       4,757       8.58 %
     
Economy
  Denver’s key economic strength is its diversity. The area is not dependent on any single sector, but has a strong base of businesses in a variety of high-tech and traditional industries. It has become a hub for
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 7
     
 
  telecommunications and transportation. Denver is home to Qwest Communications International and Level 3 Communications. AT&T and Verizon Wireless also have major facilities in the city.
 
   
 
  In terms of transportation, Denver International Airport (DIA) is among the busiest in the world. British Airways offers daily non-stop service to London, while Lufthansa offers daily non-stop services to Frankfurt. Additional international non-stops are being aggressively pursued. Denver serves as a key distribution center for the growing Rocky Mountain Region. An excellent system of highway and rail transportation supports this function.
 
   
 
  Denver’s economy has a diverse manufacturing base, especially in high-tech durable goods. Electrical and non-electrical machinery and instruments are the largest employers, primarily in computers, peripherals and other high-tech equipment. The largest employers are summarized below:
 
   
LARGEST PRIVATE EMPLOYERS
             
Company   Product/Service   Employees
HealthONE
  Healthcare     9,180  
Lockheed Martin Corporation
  Aerospace & Defense-Related Systems     8,200  
Qwest Communications
  Telecommunications     7,500  
Exempla Healthcare
  Healthcare     6,230  
Centura Health
  Healthcare     5,830  
Kaiser Permanente
  Healthcare     5,570  
Denver Health
  Healthcare     5,100  
United Airlines
  Airline     5,000  
IBM Corp.
  Computer Systems and Services     4,300  
Frontier Airlines
  Airline     4,220  
DISH Network
  Satellite TV & Equipment     4,150  
United Parcel Service
  Parcel Delivery     4,000  
University of Denver
  University     4,000  
Children’s Hospital
  Healthcare     3,850  
University of Colorado Hospital
  Healthcare, Research     3,800  
Wells Fargo Bank
  Financial Services     3,800  
Comcast Corporation
  Telecommunications     3,500  
Ball Corp.
  Aerospace, Containers     3,400  
Sun Microsystems Inc.
  Network Computer Systems     3,200  
MillerCoors Brewing Company
  Beverages     2,900  
Note: Largest private employers do not include retail companies or public/governmental companies or organizations.
Source: Compiled from various business lists and resources by Development Research Partners.
     
 
  The city’s largest employment base is in the multi-faceted “services” sector. Business services are the fastest growing sub-sector, along with professional services, including legal, engineering, and architecture. Denver is also a regional medical center, serving neighboring states as well as its own population. Agriculture and mining, once the economic strongholds in Colorado and the Denver area, represent a decreasing share of the city’s total output. Nevertheless, technological advances have increased productivity in these sectors, and they continue to play an important role in the city’s economy.
 
   
 
  Finally, tourism, though not easily identifiable as a separate economic sector, is an important industry in Denver and Colorado. Visitors are
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 8
     
 
  drawn to Colorado year round, but primarily for the world-class skiing in the winter months, and for the myriad of recreational activities and breathtaking scenery in the summer months.
 
   
 
  The region has a highly educated labor force. About 81% of those over 25 have completed four years of high school and 30.5% have completed four or more years of college. In these categories, Denver falls within the top three cities nationally. The Denver-Aurora CBSA has a median household effective buying income of $68,140, which is 27% higher than the national average of $53,679.
 
   
 
  Denver is a major hub for business and industry in the growing Rocky Mountain region. This can be attributed to its exceptional quality of life, and its ideal location. The city’s employment base is stronger than the national average in construction, transportation, communications, utilities, finance, and services, notably telecommunications, software development and other business services.
 
   
 
  Denver has a highly educated, technically savvy workforce, contributing to its strong position in the advanced technology and service industries of the future. Denver has a strong base of growing firms in high-growth, high-tech fields. Most of the net new jobs created are in small and medium-sized firms with less than 250 employees. The following is a breakdown of the Denver MSA’s average annual employment by major industry sector from 2004 through July 2010.
DENVER MSA LABOR FOCRE DATA (In Thousands)
                                                         
    2004   2005   2006   2007   2008   2009   Jul-2010*
Civilian Labor Force
    1,303,498       1,326,888       1,354,628       1,374,946       1,399,023       1,381,287       1,377,184  
Employment
    1,227,146       1,257,239       1,294,261       1,320,556       1,329,627       1,271,849       1,265,517  
Unemployment
    76,352       69,649       60,367       54,390       69,396       109,438       112,737  
Unemployment Rate
    5.9 %     5.2 %     4.5 %     4.0 %     5.0 %     7.9 %     8.2 %
Nonfarm Wage and Salary Employment
                                                       
Total
    1,167,300       1,190,100       1,215,100       1,241,200       1,253,100       1,198,500       1,188,700  
Nat. Resources/Mining/ Construction
    85,700       90,200       94,400       92,900       91,500       76,600       72,600  
Manufacturing
    71,800       72,200       72,200       71,500       69,900       63,000       59,200  
Transportation & Public Utilities
    232,600       236,700       239,200       244,400       244,800       230,600       226,200  
Information
    51,400       48,200       47,600       48,000       48,400       46,300       44,700  
Financial Activities
    98,000       99,700       100,600       99,600       97,100       92,500       91,000  
Prof. And Business Services
    185,100       192,400       200,000       211,500       215,300       202,200       202,100  
Education and Health Service
    116,400       119,400       123,100       128,000       133,700       137,700       142,300  
Leisure & Hospitality
    118,100       121,500       125,300       128,500       130,300       125,900       133,100  
Other Services
    45,000       45,300       46,300       47,100       48,400       47,600       48,200  
Government
    163,300       164,500       166,500       169,600       173,800       176,200       169,300  
     
 
  Non-farm wage & salary employment increased by 3.49% from 2003 through 2009. Certain sectors, such as Professional and Business Services, Education and Health Services and Leisure & Hospitality Services have exhibited significant growth, while the Manufacturing and Information sectors, have seen downsizing.
 
   
 
  Through July 2010, Total Non-farm employment shrank by 9,800, or 0.8%. All industry sectors except Education & Health Services, Leisure
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 9
     
 
  & Hospitality and Other Services reflected job losses during this period. As of July 2010, the unemployment rate for the Denver MSA was 8.2%, unchanged from the January 2010 level. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate for the State of Colorado was 8.0% and the unemployment rate for the U.S. was 9.7%.
 
   
 
  Denver has experienced a largely jobless recovery to date, with net job creation still lagging growth in overall economic activity. Although a rebound in professional and business services and steady hiring in education and health have boosted employment in private services, these gains have been largely offset by continued weakness in manufacturing and construction and, more recently, a contraction of federal and local government payrolls.
 
   
 
  Indications of an accelerating pace of economic activity suggest that the conditions exist for stronger job creation. Higher levels of production and new orders caused the local Denver Purchasing Managers’ Index, a leading indicator, to shoot up to 69.6 in October from 54 in September. October was also the busiest month in Denver International Airport’s 15-year history, thanks to a 9% year-over-year increase in passengers and cargo.
 
   
 
  Employment growth in 2011 will continue to be strongest in white-collar occupations, such as professional and business services, health and education. Denver has been successful in attracting a number of new health-related businesses to the area, including the large Fortune-500 kidney-care provider DaVita, Inc. The company has already created nearly 200 jobs since deciding to relocate its corporate headquarters to Denver, and hiring is expected to continue once construction of its new headquarters building in downtown Denver is completed in 2012.
 
   
 
  Financial services, traditionally an important employer of the Denver workforce, will display continued weakness through most of 2011, however, and information employment will add jobs only gradually.
 
   
Transportation
  Denver’s location in the central portion of the United States makes the area a natural transportation hub for interstate highway transport. As the largest city in the Rocky Mountain West, it is a stopover point for cross-country freight shipments. Two major interstate highways, Interstate 70 and Interstate 25, and six major rail lines intersect in Denver. These highways and rail lines have attracted a significant number of distribution and warehouse facilities along their paths. The convergence of I-25, a major north-south interstate, and I-70 and I-76, major east-west interstates, makes Denver and Colorado’s front range a transportation hub.
 
   
 
  The area has one of the highest rates of cars per capita of any city in the United States. To help alleviate current traffic congestion, a limited access beltway to loop around the entire metropolitan area is underway. The Southwest Loop (C-470), the Eastern Beltway (E-470) and the
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 10
     
 
  Northwest Parkway are now completed, and the western portion is still in the planning stage.
 
   
 
  The Regional Transportation District (RTD) is the largest provider of mass transit. It serves 41 cities and towns in six counties, and has a service area of approximately 2,406 square-miles in the Denver-metro area. There are now nearly 200 separate routes regularly served by RTD. Over the years, RTD has completed several projects to address Metro-Denver’s long-range needs for mass transit. The following is a list of some of the more prominent projects undertaken by RTD in recent years:
 
   
 
 
     The completion of a two-lane Downtown Expressway that runs through the most heavily traveled artery of Denver’s transportation system, I-25. The lanes are reserved for “High Occupancy Vehicles” (HOV), and run from Highway 36 (Boulder Turnpike) to downtown Denver. The flow of traffic is reversible, running from north to south in the morning hours for those commuting into downtown, and reversing to run south to north in the afternoon for the commute home.
 
   
 
 
     The completion of the first phase of a 5.3 mile light-rail train line that runs through central Denver. In July of 2000, an 8.3 mile extension to Littleton was completed.
 
   
 
 
     Express bus service (the SkyRide) is available to Denver International Airport. The implementation of this service has proven to be an enormous convenience to airport goers and has reduced the number of vehicles on Pena Boulevard, the main thoroughfare leading to DIA. RTD is now researching the feasibility of operating an “airport train” from downtown Denver’s Union Station to provide yet another alternative form of transportation to the metro area’s #1 traffic destination.
 
   
 
  The Denver International Airport is located in the northeast quadrant of the metro area, approximately 25 miles from the central business district. Phase 1 of the airport includes five 12,000 foot runways and one commuter runway. Upon full build-out (as needed), this new facility would be the world’s largest airport with 12 runways and the capability of handling 110 million passengers a year. Airlines currently serving the Denver area from the new airport include United, American, Delta, Continental, Frontier, and Southwest.
 
   
 
  Colorado has an extensive rail system serving Denver and the entire state. The Class-One rail lines are operated by Burlington Northern/Santa Fe Railroad and Union Pacific/Southern Pacific Railroad. Intermodal train/truck transfer facilities are located in the Denver metro area to efficiently move goods to their ultimate destinations without reloading from one form of transportation to another. Burlington Northern recently opened a “team track” facility in Commerce City (Denver metro). The
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 11
     
 
  four-acre site is fully graded to accommodate heavy loads. It provides shippers or receivers a place to load or unload cars without having to invest in their own private industrial siding.
 
   
 
  Denver is well served by many motor carriers. Most of the nation’s major carriers have facilities in the city. They provide service to all major metropolitan areas located throughout the state. Denver’s central location and interstate highway system have made the Front Range a growing distribution point for many wholesalers and retailers.
 
   
Real Estate
  Housing demand is expected to continue to strengthen, but Denver is unlikely to see a true bottom in the market for another year, as the significant drag from foreclosure inventory will continue to weigh on prices. The worst of the foreclosure crisis appears to have peaked, however: Over the year through November, new foreclosure filings in 2010 were about 12% below the same period in 2009. Foreclosure sales rose by about 11% over the same period, however, lowering outstanding inventories.
 
   
 
  Although home prices will continue to display weakness, conditions in the local residential real estate market remain better than in many areas of the West. Peak to trough, Denver’s housing prices fell by less than the national average, and they have rebounded faster since. In the past three months, housing starts and construction employment have both begun trending upward, albeit gradually.
 
   
Conclusion
  Weaker than average job growth since the beginning of the national recovery has hampered Denver’s recovery. This trend is expected to reverse in 2011 and 2012, however, with many of the cyclical tech and manufacturing industries experiencing a delayed recovery. Longer term, Denver is expected to be an above-average performer in terms of economic growth.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 12
     
NEIGHBORHOOD ANALYSIS
 
   
 
  The Appraisal of Real Estate defines a neighborhood as “a group of complimentary land uses". A neighborhood should be distinguished from a district, which is defined as “a type of neighborhood that is characterized by homogenous land use". A neighborhood will contain land uses complimentary to one another. For example, predominantly residential neighborhoods typically contain some commercial properties that provide services for local residents. The boundaries of a neighborhood can be physical such as a lake, stream or major highway or they may be less easily discernible such as changes in prevailing land use or occupant characteristics.
 
   
Location
  The subject is located along the east side of South Tamarac Road between East Eastman Avenue and East Girard Avenue. This places the subject in the southern portion of the Denver MSA in Central Colorado, approximately 9 miles south of the Denver Central Business District.
 
   
 
  The subject’s neighborhood may be defined as the land area within the boundaries of Colorado Boulevard to the west, Alameda Avenue to the north, Havana Street to the east and Hampton Avenue to the south. The land uses within the defined neighborhood are complementary and best characterized as an established and mature residential district with supporting retail and commercial uses. The subject property is situated in the far southern sector of the defined neighborhood boundaries.
 
   
Land uses
  The subject neighborhood is primarily a residential area with supporting commercial and retail uses. The neighborhood includes a Kmart and several shopping centers along Evans Road and Monaco Parkway near the center of the neighborhood. There are also several other grocery anchored centers and smaller retail centers located throughout the neighborhood along the major thoroughfares. The proximity of IH-25 (approximately 1 mile west of the subject) provides ease of access to employment districts and other areas within metro Denver and.
 
   
 
  The frontage along Hampden Avenue is heavily developed with commercial uses west of S. Tamarac. At the northwest corner of Hampden and S. Tamarac is the Tamarac Square Shopping Center, an enclosed mall that has been vacated in advance of redevelopment with outdoor retail. The redevelopment has been delayed and timing is not known for certain at this time. Land uses are less intensive along Hampden to the east of S. Tamarac, consisting of a mixture of multifamily residential and light commercial developments. The area immediately surrounding the subject consists primarily of single-family and similar multi-family uses to the north, south and east and commercial uses to the west.
 
   
Access
  The subject neighborhood has an evolving roadway network arranged in a near grid pattern. The major east-west thoroughfares are Hampden Avenue, Alameda Avenue, and Evans Avenue. Each is a four-to-six lane thoroughfare which provides access to IH-25 to the west of the subject.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 13
     
 
   
 
  The primary north-south artery is IH-25, which passes through the western portion of the neighborhood and provides access to the Denver CBD to the north, and the Denver Tech Center to the south. Secondary north-south arteries include Colorado Boulevard, Monaco Parkway, Quebec Street, Parker Road and Havana Street. These arteries also provide access to the Denver CBD and the Denver Tech Center.
 
   
 
  Local public transportation is provided by the metro area Rapid Transportation District (primarily consisting of bus service). Access to employment centers throughout the city is easily accommodated by area residents due to the area’s proximity to local roadways and regional transportation routes. Overall access to and within the subject neighborhood is considered good.
 
   
Schools/ Services
  the neighborhood is located within the Denver County School District. Community services in the neighborhood include police and fire protection provided by the City of Denver. All utility and municipal services are available in the neighborhood. Regional medical facilities are conveniently located throughout the Denver metropolitan area and easily accessible from the subject’s neighborhood.
 
   
 
  The neighborhood is in close proximity to the Denver Tech Center area, a primary employment center which is located adjacent to IH-25 between Orchard Road and IH-225. The Denver Tech Center area is one of Denver’s largest concentrations of office buildings, housing numerous Fortune 500 companies. Employment in the Tech Center is reported to exceed 70,000. In addition, the area to the north of the neighborhood includes the Cherry Creek Business Center and the Denver Central Business District. The University of Denver is located just west of the neighborhood.
 
   
 
  The primary employment sector is the services sector, due in no small part to the Denver Tech Center. Major employers in the area include:
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 14
MAJOR AREA EMPLOYERS
     
U.S. West
  Microsoft
Great Western Life
  First Data Corporation
Lucent Technologies
  Raytheon
Allstate Insurance Company
  Re/Max International
Convergent Group
  Telecommunications Inc.
Amerinet Financial Systems
  Time Warner Telecom, LLC
Encore Media
  Travelers Indemnity Company
Great West Life & Annuity
  UHC Management Co.
Integrated Payment Systems
  Galileo International, Inc.
Pacificare Health Plan
  CH2M Hill
Primestar
  Resources Trust Co.
Pulte Mortgage
  Security Title Guaranty Co.
     
Conclusion
  In summary, the subject neighborhood is a well located, stable and established mixed use area that offers good access to other parts of the metropolitan area. The neighborhood is adequately serviced by public utilities, services and community facilities. There appears to be no detrimental influences upon the neighborhood which would inhibit the income-producing capabilities of the subject property. The long-term prospects for the neighborhood and the subject property are positive.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 15
     
SITE ANALYSIS
 
   
Location
  The physical address of the property is 3300 South Tamarac Drive, Denver, Colorado 80231. The subject is located the east side South Tamarac Road between East Eastman Avenue and East Girard Avenue. This places the subject in the southern portion of the Denver MSA in Central Colorado, approximately 9 miles south of the Denver Central Business District.
 
   
Site Area
  The total land area equates to 25.16± acres, or approximately 1,095,969 square feet.
 
   
Street Frontage
  The subject site is afforded with an adequate amount of frontage along the east side of South Tamarac Drive, the north side of East Girard Avenue and the south side of East Eastman Road.
 
   
Accessibility/Visibility
  Ingress and egress to the property is good via the property’s primary access points along the east side of South Tamarac Drive, the north side of East Girard Avenue and the south side of East Eastman Road. The buildings are at street grade and visible to passing traffic.
 
   
Topography
  The site is slightly rolling and on grade with the bounding streets and adjoining properties.
 
   
Shape
  The parcel is irregular in shape. The size, shape, and configuration of the subject property provide a functional layout, which is similar to competitors.
 
   
Excess/Surplus Land
  Traffic circulation throughout the property and an adequate number of parking spaces is provided on asphalt paved drives and surface lots. Building setbacks allow for landscaped buffers, similar to surrounding properties. There does not appear to be excess or surplus land.
 
   
Utilities
  All customary municipal services and utility hookups are provided.
 
   
Soil Information
  No adverse conditions were readily apparent.
 
   
Flood Information
  The subject property is not situated in a Flood hazard area according to FEMA Map 0800460219G dated November 17, 2005.
 
   
Zoning
  The subject site is currently zoned R-3, Residential by the City of Denver. The zoning designation is intended to accommodate multifamily development within an urban setting. Multifamily is the intended permitted use. The subject appears to be an allowed and conforming use with regard to zoning.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 16
     
Easements and Encroachments
  Although we were not provided a current title report to review, we are not aware of any easements, encumbrances, or restrictions that would adversely affect the use of the site. A title search is recommended to determine whether any adverse conditions exist. We are not aware of any type of development moratorium that would affect the property.
 
   
 
  No title report or survey showing the location of easements was provided in connection with this assignment. Thus, it is not possible to make a definitive conclusion regarding any potential impacts on value of the location of any such easements or encroachments. Visual observations of the site revealed no adverse easements or encroachments. It appears as though the site is encumbered by utility and access easements typical of a developed site. It is specifically assumed that any easements, restrictions or encroachments that might appear against the title would have no adverse impact on marketability or value.
 
   
Environmental
  No readily observable adverse environmental site conditions were noted. No environmental reports were provided for review. The current improvements were originally constructed prior to 1978 and therefore may have components which contain lead based paint and/or asbestos. We have assumed for the purpose of this analysis that the value of the property is not negatively influenced by this factor. As we are not experts within this area, an inspection by properly licensed and or certified environmental consultant is recommended.
 
   
Improvements
  There are 16 three and four story garden-style apartment buildings containing 564 dwelling units. Additional site improvements include a clubhouse with fitness center, basketball court and racquetball court, three swimming pools with surrounding patio/deck areas, three tennis courts, a playground, sand volleyball court, asphalt-paved driveways and surface parking areas with some covered parking stalls, concrete walkways and mature landscaping. See following section titled Improvement Analysis for additional details.
 
   
Conclusions
  The site attributes are well suited for the existing development and use.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 17
     
 
  IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS
 
   
Year Built/Renovated
  The subject property was originally constructed in 1977 as a garden-style apartment complex. The property appears to be adequately maintained and overall, is in average to good condition.
 
   
Layout & Configuration
  The complex consists of a total of 564 apartment units within 16 three and four-story garden-style residential buildings. The buildings are accessed from a vestibule that provides interior access to individual apartments. The buildings are sited along internal drives that are integrated with the parking and landscape areas. The total net rentable area of the property equates to 411,129 square feet, which suggests an average unit size of 729 square feet.
 
   
Leasable Area/Unit Mix
  The following chart summarizes the unit mix and sizes of the various floor plans at the subject property as indicated by a review of client provided rent roll data and floor plans.
UNIT MIX AND FLOOR AREAS
                                                 
Type   Mix     Size     Total Area     Rent     Rent/SF     Total Rent  
Studio
    20       450       9,000     $ 540     $ 1.20     $ 10,800  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    50       530       26,500     $ 620     $ 1.17     $ 31,000  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    118       560       66,080     $ 629     $ 1.12     $ 74,222  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    43       660       28,380     $ 639     $ 0.97     $ 27,477  
2 Bedroom/1 Bath
    111       700       77,700     $ 689     $ 0.98     $ 76,479  
2 Bedroom/1 Bath
    75       740       55,500     $ 699     $ 0.94     $ 52,425  
2 Bedroom/1 Bath
    11       900       9,900     $ 739     $ 0.82     $ 8,129  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    15       950       14,250     $ 778     $ 0.82     $ 11,670  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    24       1,016       24,384     $ 828     $ 0.81     $ 19,872  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    64       1,020       65,280     $ 819     $ 0.80     $ 52,416  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    33       1,035       34,155     $ 848     $ 0.82     $ 27,984  
 
                                   
Totals/Averages
    564       729       411,129     $ 696     $ 0.95     $ 392,474  
 
Source: Client provided rent roll data; compiled by CRA
     
 
  The property contains 20 studio/efficiency units, 211 one-bedroom apartments, and 333 two-bedroom apartments. As of the date of inspection, on site management indicated a physical occupancy of 98%.
 
   
Floor Plans
  As indicated; the property offers a variety of efficiency, one and two-bedroom floor plans, which is typical of the market. Each floor plan provides a living room off of an entry foyer, a dining room off the kitchen and bedroom(s) with ample access to the bath(s).
 
   
EXTERIOR
   
Structure
  The foundations are reinforced concrete slabs, on grade. The building structure is wood.
 
   
Exteriors
  Brick veneer exterior.
 
   
Floors
  The floors are constructed of reinforced concrete slabs with carpet or vinyl covering. The ceiling height is approximately 8 feet.
 
   
Windows
  Individual unit windows are single pane glass set in aluminum frames. Entry doors are metal set in metal frames. Sliding glass doors provide access to the porches or balconies.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 18
     
Roof
  The buildings have a combination of pitched and flat roof decks. The pitched roofs are covered with composition shingles. The flat roofs are trimmed with composition shingle covered parapets or shingle covered mansards. Attic areas provide ventilation and are not readily accessible to tenants.
 
   
Elevators
  Elevators are provided in many of the buildings.
 
   
INTERIOR FINISHES
   
Walls and Ceilings
  Textured and painted drywall.
 
   
Flooring
  Wall-to-wall carpeting throughout except for sheet vinyl in bathrooms, kitchens and unit entry areas.
 
   
Kitchens
  Appliance package consisting of a refrigerator/freezer, electric range with oven, dishwasher and garbage disposal. Cabinets are painted or laminated wood.
 
   
Bathrooms
  Shower/tub, toilet, vanity with sink and mirrored medicine cabinet.
 
   
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
   
HVAC
  Air is provided by individual electric through-wall systems. Heat is provided by gas furnaces. Tenants are responsible for their own utility charges. The system is similar to competing properties.
 
   
Electric Service
  Adequate electric service is provided. Each apartment has a separate panel.
 
   
Plumbing
  Apartment-grade plumbing systems are installed. Each unit is serviced by a central gas-fired water heater. Water and sewer charges are billed to tenants separately by the property based on a RUBS billing system.
 
   
Fire Protection
  The property does not have fire sprinklers; however, there are hard wired smoke detectors. This is typical for this vintage property in the market.
 
   
Security
  Deadbolts locks and door chains.
 
   
ANCILLARY AREAS
   
Storage Spaces
  No additional storage lockers are provided.
 
   
Loading Facilities
  Tenant moving occurs from the parking lot. The internal drives are accessible to moving vans.
 
   
Landscaping
  Landscaping is adequate and consists of mature vegetation. Native trees and shrubs are plentiful throughout the common areas and between buildings.
 
   
Parking
  The internal drives incorporate the surface parking lots. There appears to be an adequate number of parking spaces provided. The drives and parking lots are asphalt paved.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 19
     
Amenities
  Amenities include perimeter fencing, swimming pool, playground, fitness center, tennis court, racquetball court, basketball court, volleyball court and clubhouse.
 
   
FF&E
Personal Property
  The subject property has office furnishings and equipment for the staff at the management/leasing office, furnishings and fitness equipment in the clubrooms and various chairs and tables for the pool decks. Kitchen appliances are also part of personal property. The FF&E are similar to competitive properties.
 
   
CONDITION/MAINTENANCE
   
Exterior
  Average condition. Overall maintenance appears adequate.
 
   
Roof
  Average to good condition. No roof leaks were reported. Flat roofs were reportedly resurfaced approximately two years ago.
 
   
Interiors
  Average condition. Overall maintenance appears adequate.
 
   
Common Area Amenities
  Average to good condition. Overall maintenance appears adequate.
 
   
Sidewalks & Paving
  Average condition. Overall maintenance appears adequate. Patching areas of the parking lot. Paving resurfacing is budgeted for the current year.
 
   
Landscaping
  Good condition. Overall maintenance appears adequate.
 
   
Environmental Conditions
  No readily observable adverse conditions were noted during the site visit. However, the subject improvements were originally constructed prior to 1978 and therefore may comprise components that contain lead based paint and/or asbestos materials. We recommend that anyone desiring further information retain an appropriately licensed/trained/certified inspector.
 
   
ELEMENTS OF DEPRECIATION
   
 
   
 
  Based on our field inspection, we note that some elements of depreciation are present at the subject property.
 
   
Physical Deterioration
  The Denver County Property Appraiser records indicate that the subject improvements were originally constructed in 1977. The overall physical condition is average to good due as a result of on-going maintenance and an adequate level of repairs when needed.
 
   
 
  Physical deterioration is primarily limited to general aging and normal wear and tear. According to Marshall Valuation Service, buildings similar to the subject property have an economic life of approximately 50 years. The actual average age of the property is estimated at 34 years. As a result of adequate maintenance and ongoing repairs, the effective age is estimated to be less than the actual age of the improvements. The effective age is estimated at approximately 30 years suggesting a remaining economic life of 20 years.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 20
     
Capital Improvements
  A review of the subject operating statements and budget indicate that an adequate amount of capital expenditures are spent annually so as to maintain the habitability of the apartments. No extra-ordinary future expenditures were reported or observed to be required.
 
   
Functional Obsolescence
  The subject property represents standard design, systems and floor plans consistent with traditional garden style apartment complexes. The property operates at rental rates and occupancy levels that are consistent with that of other similar properties within the influencing market, attesting to its functional adequacy and market acceptance. Considering these factors, no adjustment for functional obsolescence is required.
 
   
External Obsolescence
  External obsolescence is a loss in value resulting from conditions that are present outside the subject property and is usually incurable. No site-specific external obsolescence was noted. Adjacent properties and nearby uses benefit the subject property.
 
   
Conclusions
  The subject improvements are in average to good physical condition, have adequate functional utility, conform well to the general character of the neighborhood and are generally similar to competitors.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 21
     
 
  REAL ESTATE ASSESSMENTS AND TAXES
 
   
Assessor’s Identification
  The subject property is identified by the Denver County Property Appraiser by Tax Parcel Identification Numbers 0633300097000, 0633300098000, and 0633300099000.
 
   
Overview
  Real property taxes are based on multiplying the “Assessment”, which is 29% of the “Fair Market Value” (FMV) as determined by the Denver County Property Appraiser, and the Tax Rate, which is determined by municipal, county administration, county school board budgets, several other taxing districts/authorities and also several bond issues.
 
   
 
  Changes in property values, as determined by the assessor, do not necessarily result in a change in taxes. There are two parts of the Colorado constitution that govern taxes: the Gallagher Amendment and Amendment One (the TABOR Amendment). The Gallagher Amendment establishes assessed values by allocating the tax base between residential property (inclusive of multi-family) and commercial property by changing the residential equalization rate. The commercial and vacant land equalization rate must remain fixed at 29%. The residential equalization rate floats to maintain a constant ratio of total tax collections — 55% from commercial property taxes, and 45% from residential property taxes. Thus, if the total value of residential property increases faster than that of commercial property, as was the case in most Denver metropolitan counties over the past several years, the residential equalization rate must be lowered. This rate has trended downward in the past ten years.
 
   
Assessments
  The subject’s total 2010 actual valuation is $30,999,900 and the current assessment equates to $2,467,590. The subject’s valuation is appropriately aligned with the assessments exhibited by similar properties within the vicinity.
 
   
Property Tax Abatement
  The subject property does not participate in any property tax abatement programs.
 
   
Tax Rate
  Tax rates have remained relatively stable reflecting modest declines over the past several years. This trend, however, is in part related to the general increases experienced on assessed values throughout the county. In light of recent declines in economic and market conditions, rates are expected to begin increasing as assessed values have begun to decline.
 
   
 
  According to the subject’s combined taxing authorities in Denver County, the Year 2010 tax rate for the subject is $0.65591.
 
   
Non-Ad Valorem
Assessments
  None
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 22
     
Real Estate Tax Projection
  We have utilized the most current assessment and tax rate for purposes of calculating the tax liability in our valuation proforma.
PROJECT TAX ASSESSMENT
         
Total Value Assessment
  $ 30,999,900  
Tax Assessment
  $ 2,467,590  
Tax Rate
  $ 0.066591  
Total Ad Valorem Taxes
  $ 164,319  
Non Ad Valorem
  $ 0  
 
     
Total Taxes
  $ 164,319  
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 23
     
APARTMENT MARKET ANALYSIS
 
   
Introduction
  The following apartment market analysis is designed to provide the reader an understanding of the Denver area apartment market and the local submarket within which the subject property competes. The source of data available to the appraisers include Marcus & Millichap Research Services (Fourth Quarter 2010), and Cushman Wakefield’ Market Beat for Multi-Housing (Fourth Quarter 2010).
 
   
Local Market Overview
  Overall market conditions in the Denver apartment sector performed well in 2010, with supply and demand relatively balanced, vacancy levels decreasing and rental rate moving higher. Increased demand and limited new supply drove vacancy down 2.2% to 5.5% during 2010. This is the second lowest level since 2007, and the third lowest level since 2001. Every metro-area county reported higher year over year occupancy.
 
   
 
  Higher demand has lead to higher rental rates for all types of apartments with a 3.8% increase in 2010 or an average $908.77 per unit. In the subject market of Denver County, rental rates have increased 0.9% to an average of $910.73 per unit.
 
   
 
  2010 absorption was twice a strong as 2009 with a reported positive absorption of 7,651 units. During 2010 only 498 units have been delivered to the market. At the end of 2010 there were 1,420 units in the Denver area currently under construction with 767 units due to be completed in 2011. Capital constraints continue limiting prospects for new construction. It is expected that demand will increase as the economy strengthens and put upward pressure on occupancy and rental rates.
 
   
 
  The volume of investment sales in the Denver area in 2010 was still below average, with buyers and sellers reticent to reach agreement on market pricing. Sales of Class A properties dominated the market raising the average purchase price to approximately $110,000 per unit. Twenty three properties with 100 units or more were purchased during 2010 in the Denver area. Seven of those were distressed assets. Overall average capitalization rates have also dropped considerably from the 7% range in 2009 to the 6% range in 2010 as investors foresee improving market conditions.
 
   
Submarket Overviews
  The subject is located within the Denver County submarket which is one of 6 submarket areas defined by the Cushman Wakefield report. The Denver County submarket reported a vacancy rate of 5.5%, as of the 4th Quarter 2010, up from 9.1% from one year ago. Effective rental rates in the subject market had been on an increasing trend over the past two years. The Denver County submarket reported an average effective rental rate of $910.73 per unit at the end of the 4th Quarter 2010, up 4.1% from the same period 2009. Demand for both Class A and Class B/C units have improved in Denver County over the past year, pushing down overall vacancy.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 24
     
Summary
  Overall, the factors attributed to the performance of properties within the subject submarket as compared to others within the region include a stable supply of existing units with limited additional apartment projects on the near term horizon. Supply and demand factors indicate that in the short term, the apartment market is likely to reflect an increase in the net absorption of apartment units. This should have a positive impact on the subject. As a result, the subject market area is considered to be generally stable overall and that continued growth should reflect general population and economic trends within the market into the foreseeable future.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 25
     
MARKET RENT ANALYSIS
 
   
Subject Property Leasing
  A February 2011 Rent Roll was provided for the subject. The asking rents are summarized in the following table. It should be noted that these rents are the average asking rents only and not the rents currently being paid.
SUBJECT CURRENT AVERAGE ASKING RENT SUMMARY
                                                 
Type   Mix     Size     Total Area     Rent     Rent/SF     Total Rent  
Studio
    20       450       9,000     $ 540     $ 1.20     $ 10,800  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    50       530       26,500     $ 620     $ 1.17     $ 31,000  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    118       560       66,080     $ 629     $ 1.12     $ 74,222  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    43       660       28,380     $ 639     $ 0.97     $ 27,477  
2 Bedroom/1 Bath
    111       700       77,700     $ 689     $ 0.98     $ 76,479  
2 Bedroom/1 Bath
    75       740       55,500     $ 699     $ 0.94     $ 52,425  
2 Bedroom/1 Bath
    11       900       9,900     $ 739     $ 0.82     $ 8,129  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    15       950       14,250     $ 778     $ 0.82     $ 11,670  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    24       1,016       24,384     $ 828     $ 0.81     $ 19,872  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    64       1,020       65,280     $ 819     $ 0.80     $ 52,416  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    33       1,035       34,155     $ 848     $ 0.82     $ 27,984  
 
                                   
Totals/Averages
    564       729       411,129     $ 696     $ 0.95     $ 392,474  
     
Competitive Set
  In order to determine the market rent for the subject’s apartment units, a survey of comparable apartment complexes considered most similar to the subject was conducted. The subject competes with a number of properties in the area. Due to the large size of the submarket, we included a representative sample of the competitive properties. All of the properties are in close proximity of the subject and define the range of property, unit types and rental rates available in the immediate area.
 
   
 
  The information regarding the rent comparables was obtained through physical inspections and direct interviews of rental agents and property managers. The following map illustrates the location of the comparable properties in relation to the subject. Data sheets summarizing details of the subject and comparable properties follow the map.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 26
COMPARABLE RENTAL MAP

(COMPARABLE RENTAL MAP)
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 27
     
SUBJECT PROPERTY
  Tamarac Village
3300 South Tamarac Drive
Denver, Colorado
(IMAGE)
     
Units
   564
 
   
Year Built / Renovated
   1977
 
   
Occupancy
   98%
 
   
Amenities
  Electric kitchen appliances, pantry, ceiling fans, walk-in closets, patio/balcony, fireplaces (select units) and mini-blinds. Complex amenities include clubhouse with fitness center, basketball court and racquetball court, laundry facility, sand volleyball court, playground, business center and pools (3).
 
   
Concessions
  No specials are currently being offered
 
   
RENTAL DATA
                                                 
Type   Mix     Size     Total Area     Rent     Rent/SF     Total Rent  
Studio
    20       450       9,000     $ 540     $ 1.20     $ 10,800  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    50       530       26,500     $ 620     $ 1.17     $ 31,000  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    118       560       66,080     $ 629     $ 1.12     $ 74,222  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    43       660       28,380     $ 639     $ 0.97     $ 27,477  
2 Bedroom/1 Bath
    111       700       77,700     $ 689     $ 0.98     $ 76,479  
2 Bedroom/1 Bath
    75       740       55,500     $ 699     $ 0.94     $ 52,425  
2 Bedroom/1 Bath
    11       900       9,900     $ 739     $ 0.82     $ 8,129  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    15       950       14,250     $ 778     $ 0.82     $ 11,670  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    24       1,016       24,384     $ 828     $ 0.81     $ 19,872  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    64       1,020       65,280     $ 819     $ 0.80     $ 52,416  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    33       1,035       34,155     $ 848     $ 0.82     $ 27,984  
 
                                   
Totals/Averages
    564       729       411,129     $ 696     $ 0.95     $ 392,474  
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 28
     
COMPARABLE RENTAL 1
  Remington Place
8000 East Girard
Denver, CO 80231
(IMAGE)
     
Units
   119
 
   
Year Built / Renovated
   1973
 
   
Occupancy
   98%
 
   
Amenities
  Electric kitchen appliances, walk-in closets, patio/balcony, ceiling fans and cable. Complex amenities include laundry facilities, billiards room, business center, some covered parking and fitness center.
 
   
Concessions
  None reported
 
   
RENTAL DATA
                         
Type   Size   Rent   Rent/SF
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    450     $ 500     $ 1.11  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    688     $ 600     $ 0.87  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    736     $ 630     $ 0.86  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    972     $ 770     $ 0.79  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    1,004     $ 800     $ 0.80  
     
Comments
  This comparable property is located just south of the subject property, across East Girard Avenue.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 29
     
COMPARABLE RENTAL 2
  The Glen
9600 East Girard Avenue
Denver, CO 80231
(IMAGE)
     
Units
   156
 
   
Year Built / Renovated
   1976
 
   
Occupancy
   98%
 
   
Amenities
  Electric kitchen appliances, ceiling fans, walk-in closets, patio/balcony, fireplace, and mini-blinds. Complex amenities include clubhouse, pool, and laundry.
 
   
Concessions
  One bedroom $250 off and two bedroom $350 off
RENTAL DATA
                                                 
Type   Mix     Size     Total Area     Rent     Rent/SF     Total Rent  
Studio
    44       440       19,360     $ 510     $ 1.16     $ 22,440  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    74       660       48,840     $ 580     $ 0.88     $ 42,920  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    38       873       33,174     $ 690     $ 0.79     $ 26,220  
 
                                   
Totals/Averages
    156       650       101,374     $ 587     $ 0.90     $ 91,580  
     
Comments
  Property is located less than 3/4 mile east of the subject.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 30
     
COMPARABLE RENTAL 3
  Prescott Apartments
3150 South Tamarac Drive
Denver, Colorado 80231
(IMAGE)
     
Units
   125
 
   
Year Built
   1977
     
Occupancy
   99%
 
   
Amenities
  Electric kitchen appliances, walk-in closets, patio/balcony, fireplaces (select units) and mini-blinds. Complex amenities include common laundry facilities, outdoor pool, business center, some covered parking, fitness center, and on site management.
 
   
Concessions
   $200 and $300 move-in
RENTAL DATA
                                 
Type   Size   Total Area   Rent   Rent/SF
Studio
    460       0     $ 550     $ 1.20  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    606       0     $ 615     $ 1.01  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    660       0     $ 695     $ 1.05  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    740       0     $ 710     $ 0.96  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    743       0     $ 750     $ 1.01  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    762       0     $ 760     $ 1.00  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    932       0     $ 800     $ 0.86  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    1,000       0     $ 875     $ 0.88  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    1,040       0     $ 910     $ 0.88  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    1,060       0     $ 950     $ 0.90  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    1,085       0     $ 985     $ 0.91  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    1,100       0     $ 1,020     $ 0.93  
     
Comments
  This comparable property is located just north of the subject property, across East Eastman Avenue.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 31
     
COMPARABLE RENTAL 4
  Hampden Heights
8405 East Hampden Avenue
Denver, Colorado
(GRAPHICS)
     
Units
   376
 
   
Year Built / Renovated
   1974
 
   
Occupancy
   98%
 
   
Amenities
  Amenities include swimming pool, clubhouse, volleyball court, tennis court, playground and a fitness center.
 
   
Concessions
  No specials are currently being offered
RENTAL DATA
                                                 
Type   Mix     Size     Total Area     Rent     Rent/SF     Total Rent  
Studio
    80       425       34,000     $ 529     $ 1.24     $ 42,320  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    224       625       140,000     $ 629     $ 1.01     $ 140,896  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    72       825       59,400     $ 749     $ 0.91     $ 53,928  
 
                                   
Totals/Averages
    376       621       233,400     $ 631     $ 1.02     $ 237,144  
     
Comments
  This comparable property is located two blocks south of the subject property.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 32
     
ANALYSIS
  The comparable rental properties are all in the general vicinity of the subject property. The selected comparable properties were built between 1974 and 1979. The rental rates illustrated by the comparable properties provide an indication as to the appropriate market rent for the subject property.
 
   
Studio Unit
  The subject property offers one studio/efficiency floor plan that contains 450 square feet. The quoted average rental rate for this unit is $540 per month, or $1.20 per square foot. The following chart outlines rental rates for similar sized one bedroom floor plans within the competing apartment properties.
 
   
STUDIO FLOOR PLANS
                             
    Unit Size (SF)   Rent/Month   Rent/SF   Comment
Subject
    450     $ 540     $ 1.20     Subject
 
Remington Place
    450     $ 500     $ 1.11     Similar
The Glen
    440     $ 510     $ 1.16     Similar
Prescott
    460     $ 550     $ 1.20     Similar
Hampden Heights
    425     $ 529     $ 1.24     Similar
 
Subject Range
    450     $ 540     $ 1.20      
Comparable Range
    425 - 460     $ 500 - $550     $ 1.11 - $1.24      
 
     
 
  The rent for the comparable studio floor plan ranges from $500 to $550 per unit per month or $1.11 to $1.24 per square foot. The subject average quoted rate falls well within the comparable range. Review of market data indicates that the subject’s quoted rent structure is market oriented.
 
   
One Bedroom Units
  The subject property offers three (3) one bedroom floor plans which range in size from 530 to 660 square feet. The quoted average rental rates for these floor plans range from $620 to $639 per month, or $0.97 to $1.17 per square foot. The following chart outlines rental rates for similar sized one bedroom floor plans within the competing apartment properties.
ONE-BEDROOM FLOOR PLANS
                                 
    Unit Size (SF)   Rent/Month     Rent/SF     Comment  
Subject
    530     $ 620     $ 1.17     Subject
 
    560     $ 629     $ 1.12          
 
    660     $ 639     $ 0.97          
 
Remington Place
    688     $ 600     $ 0.87     Similar
 
    736     $ 630     $ 0.86          
The Glen
    660     $ 580     $ 0.88     Similar
Prescott
    606     $ 615     $ 1.01     Similar
 
    660     $ 695     $ 1.05          
 
    743     $ 750     $ 1.01          
Hampden Heights
    625     $ 629     $ 1.01     Similar
 
Subject Range
    530 - 660     $ 620 - $639     $ 0.97 - $1.17          
Comparable Range
    625 - 745     $ 580 - $695     $ 0.86 - $1.05          
 
     
 
  The rents for comparable one bedroom floor plans range from $580 to $750 per unit per month or $0.86 to $1.05. The subject’s monthly rents fall well within the range of rates quoted by the competitors but due to the smaller size of the subject’s 530 and 560 square foot units, the indicated rents per square foot fall above the comparable range. Review of market data and
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 33
     
 
  recent leasing activity indicates that the subject’s quoted rent structure is market-oriented.
 
   
Two-Bedroom Units
  The subject offers seven (7) two-bedroom floor plans that range in size from 700 to 1,035 square feet. The average rent for these units range from $689 to $848 per unit per month or $0.80 to $0.98 per square foot. The comparable two-bedroom units range in size from 825 to 940 square feet and have monthly asking rents ranging from $580 to $749 or $0.62 to $0.91 per square foot.
TWO-BEDROOM FLOOR PLANS
                             
    Unit Size            
    (SF)   Rent/Month   Rent/SF   Comment
Subject
    700     $ 689     $ 0.98     Subject
 
    740     $ 699     $ 0.94      
 
    900     $ 739     $ 0.82      
 
    950     $ 778     $ 0.82      
 
    1,016     $ 828     $ 0.81      
 
    1,020     $ 819     $ 0.80      
 
    1,035     $ 848     $ 0.82      
 
Remington Place
    972     $ 770     $ 0.79     Similar
 
    1,004     $ 800     $ 0.80      
The Glen
    873     $ 690     $ 0.79     Similar
Prescott
    1,000     $ 875     $ 0.88     Similar
 
    1,040     $ 910     $ 0.88      
 
    1,060     $ 950     $ 0.90      
 
    1,085     $ 985     $ 0.91      
 
    1,100     $ 1,020     $ 0.93      
Hampden Heights
    825     $ 749     $ 0.91     Similar
 
Subject Range
    700 - 1,035     $ 689 - $848     $ 0.80 - $0.98      
Comparable Range
    825 - 1,100     $ 690 - $1,020     $ 0.79 - $0.93      
 
     
 
  The subject’s quoted rent structure falls within the range of rents commanded by comparable product in the market. It is noted that the average monthly rents for smallest two bedroom units at the subject, the 700 and 740 square foot floor plans, are aligned with the low end of the comparable range of rents due to variance in size between the subject and comparable floor plans. Conversely, the indicated rents per square foot for these floor plans are aligned above the comparable range. After adjusting for size variances, the subject’s quoted rent structure is deemed market oriented and processed for valuation purposes.
 
   
Conclusions
  The subject is expected to continue to capture its fair share of the market at the indicated economic rates. The subject’s potential gross market rent is summarized in the following chart.
SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC RENT POTENTIAL
                                                 
Type   Mix     Size     Total Area     Rent     Rent/SF     Total Rent  
Studio
    20       450       9,000     $ 540     $ 1.20     $ 10,800  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    50       530       26,500     $ 620     $ 1.17     $ 31,000  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    118       560       66,080     $ 629     $ 1.12     $ 74,222  
1 Bedroom/1 Bath
    43       660       28,380     $ 639     $ 0.97     $ 27,477  
2 Bedroom/1 Bath
    111       700       77,700     $ 689     $ 0.98     $ 76,479  
2 Bedroom/1 Bath
    75       740       55,500     $ 699     $ 0.94     $ 52,425  
2 Bedroom/1 Bath
    11       900       9,900     $ 739     $ 0.82     $ 8,129  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    15       950       14,250     $ 778     $ 0.82     $ 11,670  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    24       1,016       24,384     $ 828     $ 0.81     $ 19,872  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    64       1,020       65,280     $ 819     $ 0.80     $ 52,416  
2 Bedroom/2 Bath
    33       1,035       34,155     $ 848     $ 0.82     $ 27,984  
 
                                   
Totals/Averages
    564       729       411,129     $ 696     $ 0.95     $ 392,474  
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 34
     
 
  HIGHEST AND BEST USE
 
   
Definition
  Highest and Best Use in appraisal theory is defined by the Appraisal Institute, The Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal, 4th Edition, Appraisal Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 2002 as “the reasonably probable and legal use of vacant land or an improved property, which is physically possible, appropriately supported, financially feasible, and that results in the highest value. The four criteria the highest and best use must meet are legal permissibility, physical possibility, financial feasibility, and maximum profitability.”
 
   
 
  There are typically two highest and best use scenarios: The highest and best use of the property as improved and the highest and best use of the site as if vacant. In each case, the use must pass four “tests”; it must be physically possible, legally permissible, financially feasible, and maximally productive.
 
   
HIGHEST AND BEST USE AS VACANT
 
Definition
  Highest and Best Use As Vacant is defined as “among all reasonable, alternative uses, the use that yields the highest present land value, after payments are made for labor, capital, and coordination. The use of a property based on the assumption that the parcel of land is vacant or can be made vacant by demolishing any improvements.”
 
   
Physically Possible
  The subject site’s size and shape would allow for most uses. Surrounding land uses include a multi-family residential development. Characteristics of the site should reasonably accommodate any use that is not restricted by the size, configuration or location of the property.
 
   
Legally Permissible
  The subject property is currently zoned R-3 for residential use. We are unaware of any adverse easements, restrictions or other agreements affecting permitted uses of the subject site. Given prevailing land use patterns in the area, current zoning and land use designations and recognizing the principle of conformity, some form of multifamily residential development reflecting permitted density is most likely.
 
   
Financially Feasible
  In light of current economic conditions and difficulty in obtaining construction financing, only a limited amount of new construction is occurring in the regional area. Capital constraints will likely limit prospects for wide-spread new construction over the near term horizon. Given current market conditions, the financial feasibility for large-scale development is questionable at this time.
 
   
Maximally Productive
  Given the above discussion, a holding period of the site as vacant is indicated until market conditions improve to the point financial feasibility is evident. The maximally productive use of the site is future development of a multifamily project to the maximum allowed density.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 35
     
Conclusion
  Based upon the preceding analysis, it is our opinion that the Highest and Best Use of the site, as vacant, is for residential development consistent with surrounding land uses when economic conditions improve and capital becomes available to warrant new development.
 
   
HIGHEST AND BEST USE AS IMPROVED
 
Definition
  Highest and Best Use As Improved is defined as “the use that should be made of a property as it exists. An existing property should be renovated or retained as is so long as it continues to contribute to the total market value of the property, or until the return from a new improvement would more than offset the cost of demolishing the existing building and constructing a new one”.
 
   
Physically Possible
  The subject is currently improved with a garden-style apartment complex. The complex, built in 1977, is 98% occupied and able to collect market-oriented rents in its current condition. The improvements are functional, and have been adequately maintained with on-going repairs made when needed.
 
   
Legally Permissible
  The subject property is reportedly an allowed and conforming use of the site.
 
   
Financially Feasible
  The complex is achieving its fair share of the market and is capable of maintaining market rents and market occupancy. Accordingly, the subject improvements contribute a positive return to value.
 
   
Maximally Productive
  The property’s improvements generate a return to the real estate in excess of that generated by the underlying land. There is no alternative use that would currently justify the removal or alteration of the existing improvements.
 
   
Conclusion
  Based upon the preceding analysis, it is our opinion that the highest and best use of the site as improved is for the continued multifamily residential use.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 36
     
VALUATION PROCESS
 
   
INTRODUCTION
  There are three traditional approaches that can be employed in establishing the market value of the subject property. In practice, an approach to value is included or omitted based on the property type and the quality and quantity of information available in the marketplace. These approaches and their applicability to the valuation of the subject are summarized as follows.
 
   
Cost Approach
  The application of the cost approach is based on the principle of substitution. This principle may be stated as follows: no one is justified in paying more for a property than the cost to develop a substitute property of equivalent desirability and utility. In the case of a new building, no deficiencies in the building should exist. The Cost Approach is typically only a reliable indicator of value for (a) new properties; (b) special use properties; and (c) where the cost of reproducing the improvements is easily and accurately quantified and there is no external obsolescence. In all instances, the issue of an appropriate entrepreneurial profit — the reward for undertaking the risk of construction - remains a highly subjective factor.
 
   
 
  In the case of income-producing real estate with some items of depreciation, the cost of construction plays a minor and relatively insignificant role in determining market value. Investors are generally not buying, selling, or lending with reliance placed on the methodology of the Cost Approach to establish value. The Cost Approach has not been processed for purposes of this valuation assignment.
 
   
Income Approach
  The Income Capitalization Approach is based on the premise that value is derived by converting anticipated benefits into property value. Anticipated benefits include the present value of the net income and the present value of the net proceeds resulting from the re-sale of the property.
 
   
 
  There are two methods of accomplishing this: (1) direct capitalization of a single year’s income by an overall capitalization rate and; (2) the discounted cash flow in which the annual cash is estimated of the property’s productive life or over a reasonable holding (ownership) period.
 
   
 
  The subject property has an adequate operations history to determine the income-producing capabilities over the near future. In addition, performance levels of competitive properties serve as an adequate check as to the reasonableness of the subject property’s actual performance. As such, the Income Capitalization Approach is utilized in this appraisal.
 
   
Sales Comparison
  The Sales Comparison Approach is an estimate of value based upon a process of comparing recent sales of similar properties in the surrounding or competing areas to the subject property. Inherent in and central to this approach is the principle of substitution. This comparative process involves judgment as to the similarity of the subject property and the comparable sales with respect to many value factors such as location, contract rent levels, quality of construction, reputation and prestige, age and condition, and the interest transferred, among others. The value estimated through this approach represents the probable price at which the subject property would
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 37
     
 
  be sold by a willing seller to a willing and knowledgeable buyer as of the date of value.
 
   
 
  The reliability of this technique is dependent upon the availability of comparable sales data, the verification of the sales data, the degree of comparability and extent of adjustment necessary for differences, and the absence of atypical conditions affecting the individual sales prices. The volume of sales activity has recently accelerated in response to recent improvement realized in economic conditions. Our research revealed adequate sales activity to form a reasonable estimation of the subject property’s market value via the Sales Comparison Approach.
 
   
Reconciliation
  The final step in the appraisal process is to reconcile the various value indications into a single final estimate. Each approach is reviewed in order to determine its appropriateness relative to the subject property. The accuracy of the data available and the quantity of evidence are weighted in each approach. The resulting estimate represents the subject property’s market value as defined in the appraisal.


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 38
INCOME CAPITALIZATION APPROACH
     
VALUATION
  We have employed the Direct Capitalization method to estimate a value for the subject property. Direct Capitalization is defined as “a method used to convert an estimate of a single year’s income expectancy into an indication of value in one direct step, either by dividing the income estimate by an appropriate rate or by multiplying the income estimate by an appropriate factor. Yield and value change are implied, but not identified. The rate at which a stabilized net operating income is converted into value is known as an overall capitalization rate (OAR).” The major tasks involved in this approach to valuing the subject property are:
 
   
 
 
1.   Calculate potential gross income from all sources that a competent owner could legally generate.
 
   
 
 
2.   Estimate and deduct an appropriate vacancy and collection loss factor to arrive at effective gross income.
 
   
 
 
3.   Estimate and deduct operating expenses that would be expected during a stabilized year to arrive at a probable net operating income.
 
   
 
 
4.   Develop an appropriate overall capitalization rate to apply to the net operating income.
 
   
 
 
5.   Value is estimated by dividing the net operating income by the overall capitalization rate. Any adjustments to account for differences between the current conditions and stabilized conditions are also considered.
 
   
REVENUE ANALYSIS
   
Potential Gross Income
  The potential gross income from apartment unit rentals is calculated at $392,474 per month or $4,709,688 for the appraised year based on the conclusion derived in the Market Rent Analysis section.
 
   
Loss to Lease
  Loss to lease considers a loss in income due to leases in effect, whereby effective rental rates are lower than asking, or market, rental rates. In the case of the subject property, the loss to lease also accounts partially for concessions that are offered in the form of reduced rent.
 
   
 
  The operating statements under review indicate an historical loss (gain) to lease ranging from of a loss of approximately 8.6% in 2008 to 2.9% in 2010 of the gross rent potential. Review of the current rent roll indicates that current rents in place are approximately 11% below the recently raised market rents estimated above. As existing leases roll they are assumed to renew at market rent levels and become more in line with the market rent structure. In consideration of the preceding explanation, a 6.5% loss to lease is factored into the valuation pro forma.
 
   
Concessions
  Although concessions within the subject’s influencing area are available, the concessions are generally focused on specific units for limited periods of time.
 
   
 
  Concessions amounted to 1.1% of the gross rent potential in 2008 and 2.3% in 2009 and increased to 1.9% in 2010 as economic and apartment
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 39
     
 
  market conditions began to soften. However the subject is not currently offering concessions.
 
   
 
  As concessions have begun to abate in recent months as market conditions are showing signs of improvements. As market fundamentals continue to improve, concessions will continue to abate. Based on the most recent indicators, a concession allowance of 2.0% is appropriate.
 
   
Vacancy/Credit Loss
  The subject has a stable operating history and has been able to maintain its fair share of market occupancy over the past few years. The subject was 98% occupied on the date of inspection. The property is very competitive in the market as a result of adequate upkeep and ongoing repairs and competes effectively with newer product in the influencing area.
 
   
 
  The subject’s current vacancy of 3% is less than the submarket vacancy rate of 5.5%. The subject’s current 98% level of occupancy is aligned with the high end and within the range of occupancy levels reported by competitors in the immediate area. Occupancy levels for the competing properties in the influencing market area are outlined in the following table.
COMPETITIVE OCCUPANCY LEVELS
                         
Name   YOC   Total Units   Occupancy
 
Remington
    1973       119       98 %
The Glen
    1976       156       98 %
Prescott
    1977       125       99 %
Hampden Heights
    1976       376       98 %
 
Averages
    1976       194       98 %
 
     
 
  From 2008 through 2010 the combined vacancy/collection loss allowance at the subject property ranged from about 2.7% in 2008 to 5.7% in 2009 and 3.2% 2010.
 
   
 
  Based on the subject’s current occupancy and recent operating history and occupancy levels illustrated by competing properties in the influencing area, a vacancy/collection allowance of 5.0% is estimated. A combined vacancy and collection loss factor of 5.0% is forecasted in the valuation pro forma.
 
   
Utility Reimbursements
  Included in this category is the revenue received from tenants paying or reimbursing ownership for their share of utilities and services including gas, water, sewer and trash collection. Utility income has ranged from $454 to $638 per unit between 2008 and 2010 and budgeted at $564 per unit for the 2011 budget. Based on the historical and budgeted utility income receipts, we have estimated Utility Income to be $324,300 or $575 per unit.
 
   
Other Income
  Typically, apartment projects receive additional revenue from sources such as laundry income, vending, application fees, late fees, bad check charges, and deposit forfeitures. Other income receipts at the subject property have ranged from $516 to $637 per unit or 6.3% to 8.3% of the gross potential income over the past few years. Other income is budgeted at $645 per unit
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 40
     
 
  or 8.6% of the gross rent potential for 2011. Other income is projected at $640 per unit or 7.7% for a total of $360,960 for the appraised fiscal year.
 
   
OPERATING EXPENSES
  In order to estimate expenses for the subject property, we have analyzed the subject’s operating expenses for the year end periods 2008 through 2010 and the operating budget for 2011. Expenses for similar apartment properties in the Denver area were also reviewed and considered. The subject’s operating statements under review have been reconstructed and summarized in the following chart.
RECONSTRUCTED OPERATING STATEMENTS — TAMARAC VILLAGE
     
No. of Units
  564
                                                                         
      2008       2009       2010       Budget  
      Actual     Per Unit       Actual     Per Unit       Actual     Per Unit       Actual     Per Unit  
                         
INCOME
                                                                       
Gross Rent Potential (Market Rent)
    $ 4,638,962     $ 8,225       $ 4,330,722     $ 7,679       $ 4,347,171     $ 7,708       $ 4,229,744     $ 7,500  
Loss to Lease
    $ (398,300 )   $ (706 )     $ 466     $ 1       $ (124,931 )   $ (222 )     $ 0     $ 0  
Concessions
    $ (49,376 )   $ (88 )     $ (97,533 )   $ (173 )     $ (80,486 )   $ (143 )     $ 0     $ 0  
Vacancy/Credit/Non-revenue Units
    $ (123,925 )   $ (220 )     $ (245,317 )   $ (435 )     $ (141,178 )   $ (250 )     $ (166,382 )   $ (295 )
 
                                                       
Net Rental Income (NRI)
    $ 4,067,361     $ 7,212       $ 3,988,338     $ 7,072       $ 4,000,576     $ 7,093       $ 4,063,362     $ 7,205  
Utility Reimbursement
    $ 359,963     $ 638       $ 255,929     $ 454       $ 331,481     $ 588       $ 318,150     $ 564  
Other Income
    $ 290,986     $ 516       $ 294,419     $ 522       $ 359,289     $ 637       $ 363,802     $ 645  
 
                                                       
Total Property Income (EGI)
    $ 4,718,310     $ 8,366       $ 4,538,686     $ 8,047       $ 4,691,346     $ 8,318       $ 4,745,314     $ 8,414  
 
                                                                       
EXPENSES
                                                                       
Payroll
    $ 622,236     $ 1,103       $ 667,553     $ 1,184       $ 609,276     $ 1,080       $ 587,976     $ 1,043  
Utilities
    $ 441,248     $ 782       $ 412,977     $ 732       $ 412,679     $ 732       $ 452,627     $ 803  
Maintenance & Repairs
    $ 480,683     $ 852       $ 442,592     $ 785       $ 411,901     $ 730       $ 421,984     $ 748  
Marketing
    $ 76,801     $ 136       $ 84,035     $ 149       $ 77,950     $ 138       $ 84,322     $ 150  
Administration/Office
    $ 148,759     $ 264       $ 159,083     $ 282       $ 187,126     $ 332       $ 238,251     $ 422  
Real Estate Taxes
    $ 189,459     $ 336       $ 203,005     $ 360       $ 169,240     $ 300       $ 184,569     $ 327  
Insurance
    $ 130,385     $ 231       $ 138,105     $ 245       $ 117,986     $ 209       $ 110,683     $ 196  
Management Fee
    $ 232,852     $ 413       $ 226,878     $ 402       $ 231,904     $ 411       $ 237,266     $ 421  
Reserves
    $ 21,478     $ 38       $ 11,159     $ 20       $ 27,431     $ 49       $ 12,000     $ 21  
 
                                                       
TOTAL EXPENSES
    $ 2,343,901     $ 4,156       $ 2,345,387     $ 4,158       $ 2,245,493     $ 3,981       $ 2,329,678     $ 4,131  
 
                                                                       
NET OPERATING INCOME
    $ 2,374,409     $ 4,210       $ 2,193,299     $ 3,889       $ 2,445,853     $ 4,337       $ 2,415,636     $ 4,283  
     
Overview
  All of the expenses have fluctuated during the past couple of years. In general, expenses are consistent with market data and reflect stabilized operations. No major changes in operations are expected or appear to be required. Expenses are expected to grow at the average annual inflation rate. Each of the expense items is discussed separately below.
 
   
Payroll
  This expense includes payroll and benefits for the property manager, leasing agent(s), housekeeping, and maintenance personnel. The payroll expense at the subject property has ranged from $1,080 to $1,184 per unit over the past few years and budgeted at $1,043 per unit in 2011. Based on the subject’s historical expenditures and market data, a salary and benefits expense of $592,200, or $1,050 per unit, is forecast for the appraised fiscal year.
 
   
Utilities
  This expense line item includes charges for common area and vacant unit electricity, gas, water/sewer and trash collection. Utility charges or tenant reimbursements were accounted for in the revenue analysis. The utility expenses at the subject property have ranged from $732 to $782 per unit between 2008 and 2010 and budgeted at $803 per unit for 2011. An amount of $735 per unit is projected and equates to $414,540 for the appraised fiscal year.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 41
     
Repairs & Maintenance
  This expense line item includes charges for general maintenance and repairs, contract services, landscaping and make-ready/turnover. The property appears adequately maintained with no noticeable items of deferred maintenance observed during the walk-thru. The average expense level appears reasonable based on historical figures.
 
   
 
  The maintenance and repair expense at the subject property has ranged from $730 to $852 per unit over the past few years and budgeted at $748 per unit for 2011. The repair/maintenance expense is estimated at $423,000, or $750 per unit. We include a separate Reserves category in the projection.
 
   
Marketing
  This expense includes advertising, the cost of resident and locator referrals, internal leasing commissions, brochures, newsletters and resident activities. The historical marketing charges at the subject property range from $136 to $149 per unit and budgeted at $150 per unit for 2011. Based on historical expenditures and market data, marketing expenses are projected at $140 per unit, or $78,960.
 
   
Administration/Office
  This category includes administrative charges and costs associated with the running of the management/leasing office including telephone service, office supplies, equipment rental, computers, etc. The administrative expenses at the subject property have ranged from $264 to $332 per unit and budgeted at $422 per unit for 2011. An amount of $330 per unit, or $186,120 is processed for the appraised fiscal year.
 
   
Real Estate Taxes
  Real estate taxes are processed as discussed within the Real Estate Assessment and Tax Analysis section of this appraisal. The real estate tax projection is $164,319.
 
   
Insurance
  Insurance includes fire, liability, theft, and boiler, exclusive of the premiums paid to employee benefit plans. The historical insurance expenses at the subject property range from $209 to $245 per unit in a downward trend. The budgeted amount for 2011 equates to $196 per unit. Insurance expenses are projected at $200 per unit or $112,300.
 
   
Management Fee
  In the local market management services are typically a function of the revenues produced by the property, usually between 2.0% and 5.0% of collections. In consideration of the market standards and competitive nature of third-party management contracts at this time, we have processed a market-oriented management fee of 3.0% of the effective gross income.
 
   
Reserves
  Prudent management budgets a certain amount each year in a sinking fund to replace short-lived items, including kitchen appliances and cabinets, bathroom fixtures and tiling, flooring repairs, HVAC replacement and common elements such as the roof, exterior wood and parking areas. Reserves for replacement, while typically not found in submitted operating statements, are necessary in estimating a realistic operating budget so as to maintain the habitability of the apartments.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 42
     
 
  Reserves for replacement for a property of this vintage typically range from $200 to $350 per unit. In order to remain competitive, a reserve allowance of $300 per unit is forecast. This amounts to $169,200.
 
   
Total Expenses
  On a stabilized basis, the subject’s projected expenses including reserves are projected at $2,283,913, or $4,049 per unit. The indicated operating expense ratio is 48.0% when including reserves and 44.4% without reserves. These expenses are reasonable based on similar properties in the region as reported by the IREM expense survey, our review of actual operating statistics for similar properties in the metro Denver area and discussions with local apartment brokers and managers. The total expenses estimated for the subject are market oriented and reasonable.
 
   
VALUATION PRO FORMA
  The following valuation pro forma summarizes the stabilized income and expenses described above for the appraised fiscal year.
VALUATION PRO FORMA
                         
    Total     Per Unit     Percent  
 
INCOME
                  % of GPI
 
                   
Gross Rent Potential (Market Rent)
  $ 4,709,688     $ 8,351       100.0 %
Loss to Lease
  $ (306,130 )   $ (543 )     -6.5 %
Concessions
  $ (94,194 )   $ (167 )     -2.0 %
Vacancy/Credit/Non-revenue Units
  $ (235,484 )   $ (418 )     -5.0 %
 
                 
Net Rental Income (NRI)
  $ 4,073,880     $ 7,223       86.5 %
Utility Reimbursement
  $ 324,300     $ 575       6.9 %
Other Income
  $ 360,960     $ 640       7.7 %
 
                   
Total Property Income (EGI)
  $ 4,759,140     $ 8,438       101.0 %
 
                       
EXPENSES
                  % of EGI
 
                   
Payroll
  $ 592,200     $ 1,050       12.4 %
Utilities
  $ 414,540     $ 735       8.7 %
Maintenance & Repairs
  $ 423,000     $ 750       8.9 %
Marketing
  $ 78,960     $ 140       1.7 %
Administration/Office
  $ 186,120     $ 330       3.9 %
Real Estate Taxes
  $ 164,319     $ 291       3.4 %
Insurance
  $ 112,800     $ 200       2.4 %
Management Fee
  $ 142,774     $ 253       3.0 %
Reserves
  $ 169,200     $ 300       3.6 %
 
                 
TOTAL EXPENSES
  $ 2,283,913     $ 4,049       48.0 %
 
                       
NET OPERATING INCOME
  $ 2,475,227     $ 4,389       52.0 %
     
CAPITALIZATION RATE ANALYSIS
Overall Capitalization Rate
  This appraisal will consider the following techniques; (a) derivation from comparable sales and (b) investor surveys.
 
   
Derivation from Sales
  Recent comparable sales utilized in the Sales Comparison Approach following this section indicate a range of overall capitalization rates of 6.0% to 6.7% with an average and median of 6.3%. The capitalization rates from these sales are summarized in the following table.
SUMMARY OF MARKET-DERIVED CAPITALIZATION RATES
                     
        Broadstone at            
Property Name   Summit View Village   the Ranch   Stone Creek Apartments   Apple Creek   Heritage
Date of Sale
  1/12/2011   11/8/2010   12/7/2010   12/22/2010   1/12/2011
Year Built
  1974   1984   1985   1987   1971
Cap Rate
  6.0%   6.3%   6.7%   6.8%   6.0%
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 43
     
 
  The sales transactions are relatively recent and represent the sale of garden-style apartments like the subject property and situated in similar alternative locations in the metropolitan Denver area. The sale properties were built between 1971 and 1987. The subject property was constructed in 1977, is well-maintained and effectively competes with B Class properties within the local market.
 
   
 
  Capitalization rates in the local and national markets have trended downward over the past few quarters. Based on the indicators exhibited by recent transactions, a rate in the range of approximately 6.0% to 7.0% would be considered reasonable for the subject property.
 
   
Investor Surveys
  According to the PricewaterhouseCoopers Korpacz Real Estate Investor Survey, 4th Quarter 2010 rates for apartments reported by survey participants active in the market presently range as shown.
NATIONAL APARTMENT MARKET SURVEY
         
Internal Rate of Return
  5.50% - 14.00%   Range
 
  8.91%%   Average
Overall Capitalization Rate
  4.25% - 10.00%   Range
 
  6.51%   Average
Terminal Capitalization Rate
  5.00% - 9.75%   Range
 
  7.03%   Average
 
Source: Korpacz Real Estate Investor Survey, 4th Quarter 2010
     
 
  As indicated below, overall rates began to increase beginning Third Quarter 2008 and continued to increase through the Fourth Quarter 2009. The first and second quarters of 2010 saw a moderate decline in overall capitalizations rates with more pronounced declines in the third and fourth quarters. This follows general trends in the overall economy that began to deteriorate in approximately the middle of 2008, stabilize in late 2009/early 2010 and improve thereafter. The recent upturn in apartment market fundamentals and investor confidence has resulted in a growing number of transactions and reduction in overall capitalization rates within the past few quarters.
OVERALL CAPITALIZATION RATE TRENDS
                 
Quarter   Average   Basis Point Change
4Q10
    6.51 %     -61  
3Q10
    7.12 %     -56  
2Q10
    7.68 %     -17  
1Q10
    7.85 %     -18  
4Q09
    8.03 %     19  
3Q09
    7.84 %     35  
2Q09
    7.49 %     61  
1Q09
    6.88 %     75  
4Q08
    6.13 %     27  
3Q08
    5.86 %     11  
2Q08
    5.75 %     -4  
1Q08
    5.79 %     4  
4Q07
    5.75 %     -1  
3Q07
    5.76 %     -4  
2Q07
    5.80 %     -9  
1Q07
    5.89 %     -8  
 
Source: Korpacz Real Estate Investor Survey
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 44
     
Conclusion of OAR
  The subject is an average quality apartment complex situated in an established residential neighborhood with good access. The property maintains a good location and is proximate to employment centers, shopping and neighborhood support facilities. The subject has unit sizes that reflect market parameters and an amenity package that is typical of the properties in the competitive market. The subject was 98% occupied as of February 23, 2011 according to the submitted rent roll.
 
   
 
  An OAR ranging from approximately 6.0% to 7.0% was suggested from a review of recent sales data ascertained from the local market. The Korpacz investor survey indicates that the average rate for garden apartments in the national market is approximately 6.5%. In consideration of the preceding data, with primary emphasis placed on the rates extracted from sales data in the local market, a capitalization rate in the range of approximately 6.0% to 6.5% or 6.25% is concluded.
 
   
VALUE BY DIRECT CAPITALIZATION
Stabilized Cash Flow
  The stabilized cash flow is based on the previous income and expense discussion. The net operating income is estimated at $2,475,227 for the appraised fiscal year.
 
   
Valuation
  Value is calculated by dividing the stabilized net operating income (including an allowance for Reserves) by the concluded overall capitalization rate. Thus market value is calculated as follows:
                 
Net Operating Income       OAR       Indicated Value
                 
$2,475,227   ÷   6.25%   =   $39,603,632
 
Rounded               $39,600,000
     
Conclusion
  The Market Value of the Fee Simple Interest in the subject property, free and clear of financing, by the Direct Capitalization method of the Income Capitalization Approach, as of February 23, 2011, is rounded to:
THIRTY-NINE MILLION SIX HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS
($39, 600,000)
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 45
SALES COMPARISON APPROACH
     
VALUATION METHODOLOGY
  The basic steps in processing the sales comparison approach are outlined as follows:
 
   
 
 
1.   Research the market for recent sales transactions, listings, and offers to purchase or sell properties similar to the subject property.
 
   
 
 
2.   Select a relevant unit of comparison and develop a comparative analysis.
 
   
 
 
3.   Compare comparable sale properties with the subject property using the elements of comparison and adjust the price of each comparable to the subject property.
 
   
 
 
4.   Reconcile the various value indications produced by the analysis of the comparables.
 
   
REGIONAL SALES
MARKET
  The local market has been active in terms of investment sales of similar properties. Adequate sales exist to formulate a defensible value for the subject property via sales comparison.
 
   
PRESENTATION OF
COMPARABLE SALES
  To estimate the property value by the sales comparison approach, we analyzed sales from the influencing market that are most similar to the subject property in terms of age, size, tenant profile and location. The sales are compared on a price-per-unit basis, as this is a common method of comparison for such properties.
 
   
 
  The comparable sales summarized in the chart below and plotted on the following map, range in price from $68,630 to $84,961 per unit. While these unit prices implicitly contain both the physical and economic factors affecting real estate, these statistics do not explicitly convey many of the details surrounding a specific property. Thus, this single index to the valuation of the subject property has some limitations.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 46
PRESENTATION OF COMPARABLE SALES DATA
                     
    1   2   3   4   5
Name
  Summit View Village   Broadstone at the Ranch   Stone Creek Apartments   Apple Creek   Heritage
Location
  17600 West 14th Street   2890 West 116th Place   1225 West Prospect   9750 West 59th Avenue   10400 62nd Place
 
  Golden, CO 80401   Westminster, CO 80234   Fort Collins, CO 80526   Arvada, CO 80004   Arvada, CO 80004
Grantor
  Skyline Property   Foothills Apartments LP   Stone Creek Apartments LLC   Foothills Apartments LP   Heritage Apartments LLC IV
Grantee
  Summit View Property Management   Pc Foothills LLC   Landmark   PC Foothill LLX   Heritage Apartments LLC
Sales Price
  $23,260,000   $21,750,000   $12,950,000   $15,030,000   $8,500,000
Sale Date
  1/12/2011   11/8/2010   12/7/2010   12/22/2010   1/12/2011
Year Built
  1974   1984   1985   1987   1971
No. of Units
  285   256   167   219   122
Net Rentable Area (SF)
  260,190   236,864   201,012   145,556   113,766
Avg. Unit Size (SF)
  913   925   1,204   665   933
Occupancy
  94%   95%   95%   97%   95%
Price/SF
  $89.40   $91.82   $64.42   $103.26   $74.71
Price/Unit
  $81,614   $84,961   $77,545   $68,630   $69,672
Net Income
  $1,395,600   $1,370,250   $867,650   $1,022,040   $510,000
NOI/SF
  $5.36   $5.78   $4.32   $7.02   $4.48
NOI/Unit
  $4,897   $5,353   $5,196   $4,667   $4,180
Cap Rate (OAR)
  6.0%   6.3%   6.7%   6.8%   6.0%
EGIM
  8.7   8.0   6.6   8.4   6.9
Expense Ratio (OER)
  52%   36%   55%   52%   59%
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 47
COMPARABLE SALES MAP
(IMAGE)
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 48
     
ANALYSIS OF SALES
  The comparables are examined by considering the following adjustment factors.
 
   
Ownership Interest
  No adjustments are necessary, since all of the sales reflect a 100% transfer of ownership interest.
 
   
Financing Terms
  The comparable sales were either all cash transactions or were financed by primary lenders at market-oriented rates. Considerate of such, no adjustments for any unusual or atypical financing is required.
 
   
Conditions of Sale
  Adjustments for conditions of sale usually reflect the motivations of the buyer and the seller. We are not aware of any atypical circumstances regarding any of the comparable sales. Personal property is included as all facilities have similar unit appliance requirements and miscellaneous office and common area FF&E.
 
   
Expenditures Made Immediately
After Sale
 
Any required major capital costs incurred by the buyer immediately after the sale is appropriately added to the purchase price. None of the sales required any specific sale price adjustment other than what is included in general comparisons based on condition.
 
   
Market Conditions (Time)
  Comparable sales that occurred under different market conditions than those applicable to the subject property as of the effective date of appraisal require adjustment for any differences that affect their values. The sales occurred between November 2010 and January 2011. All of the sale represent very recent sales and do not warrant adjustment for market conditions.
 
   
Location
  The sales are situated in alternative locations throughout the Denver area and rated to be slightly inferior in comparison to the subject’s location within the south-central sector of Denver that is very proximate to major employment centers and regional transportation routes. The comparable sale properties are adjusted upward accordingly for location.
 
   
Physical Characteristics
  Physical differences include differences in building size, quality of construction, building materials, age, condition, functional utility and appearance. All of the comparable properties are garden-style apartment complexes like the subject. Some of the sale properties represent newer construction however the subject property has been adequately marketed and competes effectively within the market. Appropriate adjustments were made to each of the sale properties to account for their respective age and overall condition at the time of sale in comparison to the subject property.
 
   
Average Unit Size
  The subject has an average unit size of 729 square feet. Properties with larger average unit sizes tend to trade at higher prices, all other factors being equal. Conversely, properties with smaller average unit sizes tend to trade at a lower price per unit. The average unit size of each comparable property is compared to the subject and applicable adjustments are applied when warranted.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 49
     
Amenities
  The subject offers an amenity package that is typical for B Class, suburban garden-style apartment projects. No adjustments were warranted to the comparables.
 
   
Economic Characteristics
  Economic characteristics include all the attributes of a property that affect its income. All of the sales were operating at stabilized income levels. No adjustments were warranted.
 
   
Summary of Adjustments
  The preceding adjustments are summarized in the chart on the following page.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 50
SUMMARY OF ADJUSTMENTS
                                         
    1     2     3     4     5  
Name
  Summit View Village     Broadstone at the Ranch     Stone Creek Apartments     Apple Creek     Heritage  
Address
  17600 West 14th Street     2890 West 116th Place     1225 West Prospect     9750 West 59th Avenue     10400 62nd Place  
 
  Golden, CO 80401     Westminster, CO 80234     Fort Collins, CO 80526     Arvada, CO 80004     Arvada, CO 80004  
Sale Date
    1/12/2011       11/8/2010       12/7/2010       12/22/2010       1/12/2011  
 
                                       
Price per Unit
  $ 81,614     $ 84,961     $ 77,545     $ 68,630     $ 69,672  
 
                                       
ADJUSTMENTS
                                       
Financing Adjustment
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
 
                             
Adjusted for Financing per Unit
  $ 81,614     $ 84,961     $ 77,545     $ 68,630     $ 69,672  
Conditions of Sale Adjustment
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
 
                             
Adjusted for Special Conditions
  $ 81,614     $ 84,961     $ 77,545     $ 68,630     $ 69,672  
Time
    0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     7.0 %     10.0 %
 
                             
Time Adjusted Price per Unit
  $ 81,614     $ 84,961     $ 77,545     $ 73,434     $ 76,639  
 
                                       
Location
    5 %     5 %     10 %     5 %     5 %
Age/Condition/Quality
    0 %     -5 %     0 %     -10 %     0 %
Average Unit Size
    -15 %     -15 %     -25 %     5 %     -15 %
Amenities
    0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %
Economics
    0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %
 
                             
Total Adjustments (%)
    -10 %     -15 %     -15 %     0 %     -10 %
 
                                       
Adjusted Price per Unit
  $ 73,453     $ 72,217     $ 65,913     $ 73,434     $ 68,975  
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 51
     
VALUE CONCLUSION
  After analysis and adjustments, a value range of $65,913 to $73,453 per unit is indicated. The mean and median adjusted prices are $70,798 and $72,217.
 
   
 
  A value of approximately $70,000 per unit is deemed reasonable. The final value of the property via the Sales Comparison Approach is based on $70,000 per unit as follows.
                 
Number of
Units
      Price per Unit       Indicated Value
                 
564   x   $70,000   =   $39,480,000
     
 
  Applying the value concluded above to the Net Operating Income and Effective Gross Income derived for the property within the Capitalization Approach section, results in an indicated OAR (capitalization rate) of 6.3% and EGIM of approximately 8.3. Both of these indicators are well within the range exhibited by the sales transactions (with OARS ranging from 6.0% to 6.8% and EGIMs ranging from 6.9 to 8.7). These indicators suggest that the value concluded for the property via comparative analysis is reasonable based on the subject property’s income-producing characteristics.
 
   
 
  Accordingly, the Market Value of the Fee Simple Interest in the subject property as of February 23, 2011, free and clear of financing, via the Sales Comparison Approach, is rounded to:
THIRTY-NINE MILLION FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS
($39,500,000)
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Page 52
RECONCILIATION AND FINAL ESTIMATE OF VALUE
     
Review
  The purpose of this appraisal is to provide an estimate of the market value of the Fee Simple interest in the subject property, free and clear of financing. The date of value is February 23, 2011. The indicated market value estimates for the real property interest appraised are:
         
Cost Approach
    N/A  
Income Capitalization Approach
  $ 39,600,000  
Sales Comparison Approach
  $ 39,500,000  
     
Cost Approach
  The cost approach value estimate relies on the cost to produce a like structure. The cost approach is not usually considered a reliable value indicator due to the fact that investors in the market area place minimal reliance on this approach because of the age of the property. The cost approach was not considered meaningful in the valuation of the subject property and was not included in the appraisal process.
 
   
Income Approach
  The Income Capitalization Approach was processed. The subject is an income-producing property, and this approach provides good evidence of market value. As the subject represents a stabilized occupancy, the Direct Capitalization method was employed. Based on the applicable analytical methods of the most likely investors in an asset of this type, this approach was given greatest consideration in the final conclusion of market value.
 
   
Sales Approach
  This approach provides an estimate of value based upon the recent activities of buyers and sellers in the marketplace. This approach is generally considered to be reliable in active markets where the motivations of buyers and sellers are known and the operating characteristics of the properties being transferred are available for scrutiny. Although sales volume is down significantly from historical levels, investor interest and sales activity has recently begun to improve. Our market research revealed several sales of properties that are considered relatively comparable to the subject property. The value conclusion derived via this approach, although based no trialing economic indicators, is generally supportive of the value concluded via the Income Approach.
 
   
Conclusions
  Based upon the data, analyses and conclusions contained within this appraisal report with primary emphasis placed on the value derived within the Income Capitalization Approach, the Market Value of the Fee Simple Interest in the subject property, free and clear of mortgage financing, as of February 23, 2011 is:
THIRTY-NINE MILLION SIX HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS
($39,600,000)
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
ADDENDA
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
ADDITIONAL SUBJECT PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPHS
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
SUBJECT PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPHS
(IMAGE)
View of main entrance off S. Tamarac Drive
(IMAGE)
View of property from corner of S. Tamarac and E. Girard
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
SUBJECT PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPHS
(IMAGE)
View of typical building elevation
(IMAGE)
Typical building and parking area
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
SUBJECT PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPHS
(IMAGE)
Typical entry to building vestibule
(IMAGE)
Interior corridor
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
SUBJECT PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPHS
(IMAGE)

Interior drive and parking area
(IMAGE)

Interior courtyard and pool area
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
SUBJECT PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPHS
(IMAGE)

Typical unit entry
(IMAGE)

Typical unit entry
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
SUBJECT PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPHS
(IMAGE)

Interior view of typical unit
(IMAGE)

Interior view of typical kitchen
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
SUBJECT PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPHS
(IMAGE)

Interior view of clubroom
(IMAGE)

Racquetball court
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
FLOOR PLANS
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)

The Mica
Studio
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)

The Obsidian
1 Bedroom / 1 Bath
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)

The Agate
1 Bedroom / 1 Bath
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)

The Granite
1 Bedroom / 1 Bath
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)

The Slate
1 Bedroom / 1 Bath
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)

The Limestone
1 Bedroom / 1 Bath
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)

The Basalt
2 Bedroom / 2 Bath
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)

The Soapstone
2 Bedroom / 2 Bath
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)

The Sandstone
2 Bedroom / 2 Bath
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)

The Quartz
2 Bedroom / 2 Bath
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)

The Shale
2 Bedroom / 2 Bath
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
IMPROVED SALES PHOTOGRAPHS
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
COMPARABLE SALES PHOTOS
(IMAGE)

Sale No. 1 — Summit View Village
(IMAGE)

Sale No. 2 — Broadstone at the Ranch
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)

Sale No. 3 — Stone Creek
(IMAGE)

Sale No. 4 — Apple Creek
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
(IMAGE)
Sale No. 5 — Heritage
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
APPRAISER QUALIFICATIONS
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC


 

Tamarac Village Apartments   March 16, 2011
Denver, Colorado   Addenda
STEVEN J. GOLDBERG, MAI, CCIM
MANAGING PARTNER
STEVEN J. GOLDBERG is the Managing Partner of Cogent Realty Advisors LLC, a firm specializing in commercial real estate valuation, consultation and due diligence. His responsibilities include staff supervision, appraisal management, maintaining product quality, marketing and client development.
Mr. Goldberg has over 25 years of nationwide experience in real estate valuation, investment analysis and evaluation consultation. He has performed appraisals throughout the United States and has extensive experience in most markets situated in the Southwest and Southeast regions of the country. Mr. Goldberg’s particular area of expertise is in the appraisal and analysis of multifamily apartment projects. In addition to his expertise in the multifamily market, Mr. Goldberg has extensive experience in the appraisal of other income-producing properties including office buildings, retail properties, lodging facilities, industrial properties and mixed-use projects.
Immediately prior to forming Cogent Realty Advisors, Mr. Goldberg was an Executive Vice President of a national valuation and consulting firm and managed the Southwest regional office. Mr. Goldberg has performed marketability, consultation and feasibility reports, has served as an expert witness and has testified in various state and federal courts. These activities have been performed on behalf of real estate investors, life insurance companies, pension funds, investment banking firms, foreign and domestic financial institutions, mortgage bankers, conduit lenders, real estate advisors, law firms and governmental agencies.
Mr. Goldberg received his Bachelor of Business Administration Degree from the University of Texas in Austin, with major concentrations in both Finance and Real Estate/Urban Land Economics. He is a designated member of the Appraisal Institute and the Commercial Investment Real Estate Institute having been awarded the MAI designation in 1989 and the CCIM designation in 1994. He has attended numerous continuing education courses and has completed the requirements under the continuing education program of the Appraisal Institute.
Mr. Goldberg is state certified as a General Real Estate Appraiser in Texas and Arizona. He is also a licensed Real Estate Broker in the State of Texas. He is affiliated with the North Texas Commercial Association of Realtors, International Council of Shopping Centers and Mortgage Bankers Association.
COGENT Realty Advisors, LLC