Variable Interest Entities

Generally, a variable interest entity, or VIE, is a legal entity in which the equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or the equity investors lack sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. A limited partnership is considered a VIE when the majority of the limited partners unrelated to the general partner possess neither the right to remove the general partner without cause, nor certain rights to participate in the decisions that most significantly affect the financial results of the partnership. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consider qualitative and quantitative factors, including, but not limited to: which activities most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and which party controls such activities; the amount and characteristics of our investment; the obligation or likelihood for us or other investors to provide financial support; and the similarity with and significance to our business activities and the business activities of the other investors. Significant judgments related to these determinations include estimates about the current and future fair values and performance of real estate held by these VIEs and general market conditions.

Aimco consolidates the Aimco Operating Partnership, which is a VIE for which Aimco is the primary beneficiary. Aimco, through the Aimco Operating Partnership, consolidates all VIEs for which the Aimco Operating Partnership is the primary beneficiary.

All of the VIEs we consolidate own interests in one or more apartment communities. VIEs that own apartment communities we classify as part of our Real Estate segment are typically structured to generate a return for their partners through the operation and ultimate sale of the communities. We are the primary beneficiary in the limited partnerships in which we are the sole decision maker and have a substantial economic interest.

Certain partnerships served by our Asset Management business own interests in low-income housing tax credit apartment communities that are structured to provide for the pass-through of tax credits and tax deductions to their partners and are VIEs. We held a nominal ownership position in these partnerships, generally one percent or less. As general partner in these partnerships, we were the sole decision maker and we received fees and other payments in return for the asset management and other services we provided and thus shared in the economics of the partnerships, and as such, we were the primary beneficiary of these partnerships. On July 25, 2018, we completed the sale of our Asset Management business. The table below summarizes information regarding VIEs consolidated by the Aimco Operating Partnership:



	June 30, 2018	December 31, 2017
Real Estate portfolio:
VIEs with interests in apartment communities	13	14
Apartment communities owned by VIEs	13	14
Apartment homes in communities owned by VIEs	4,196	4,321
Consolidated partnerships served by Asset Management business:
VIEs with interests in apartment communities	41	49
Apartment communities owned by VIEs	31	37
Apartment homes in communities owned by VIEs	4,879	5,893

Assets of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s consolidated VIEs must first be used to settle the liabilities of such consolidated VIEs. These consolidated VIEs’ creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Aimco Operating Partnership. Assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs are summarized in the table below (in thousands):



	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Real Estate portfolio:
Assets
Net real estate	$	478,774	$	529,898
Cash and cash equivalents	13,776		16,111
Restricted cash	6,302		4,798
Assets held for sale	57,596		—
Liabilities
Non-recourse property debt secured by Real Estate communities, net	340,874		412,205
Accrued liabilities and other	12,204		10,623
Liabilities related to assets held for sale	68,443		—
Consolidated partnerships served by Asset Management business:
Assets held for sale at June 30, 2018
Real estate, net	171,281		215,580
Cash and cash equivalents	14,366		15,931
Restricted cash	22,691		30,107
Liabilities related to assets held for sale at June 30, 2018
Non-recourse property debt	183,188		220,356
Accrued liabilities and other	15,118		20,241