Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
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Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) and include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. During 2019, the Company completed a series of intercompany transactions in connection with an internal legal entity restructuring to simplify its organizational structure as described below. In November 2019, Aesynt Holding B.V. sold its shares in Aesynt Holdings, Inc. ("Aesynt Holdings") to Omnicell International, Inc. (which was subsequently converted into a limited liability company and renamed Omnicell International, LLC) ("Omnicell International"). Omnicell International subsequently distributed the Aesynt Holdings shares to its parent company, Omnicell, Inc. On December 31, 2019, the following series of mergers occurred: (i) Dixie Drawl, LLC d/b/a InPharmics ("InPharmics") merged with and into its parent company, Aesynt Incorporated ("Aesynt"), with Aesynt as the surviving entity; (ii) Aesynt merged with and into its parent company, Aesynt Holdings, with Aesynt Holdings as the surviving entity; and (iii) Aesynt Holdings merged with and into its parent company, Omnicell, Inc., with Omnicell, Inc. as the surviving entity. On November 25, 2019, Aesynt Canada, Inc. ("Aesynt Canada") entered into an asset purchase agreement with Omnicell, Inc., under which Omnicell, Inc. acquired all assets of Aesynt Canada. On November 29, 2019, Aesynt Canada liquidated into its parent company, Aruba S.r.l ("Aruba"). Prior to the liquidation, all liabilities of Aesynt Canada were settled. On November 21, 2019, Ateb Canada Ltd. ("Ateb Canada") entered into an asset purchase agreement with Ateb, Inc. ("Ateb"), under which Ateb acquired all assets of Ateb Canada. On November 25, 2019, Ateb Canada liquidated into its parent company, Omnicell, Inc. Prior to the liquidation, all liabilities of Ateb Canada were settled. The transactions described above were accounted for as transactions between entities under common control as all entities involved were wholly owned subsidiaries of Omnicell, Inc. The transactions did not have a material impact to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. On April 12, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of InPharmics. The Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of operations of this recently acquired company, commencing as of its acquisition date. The significant accounting policies of the acquired business have been aligned to conform to the accounting policies of Omnicell.
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Reclassifications and Adjustments | Reclassifications and AdjustmentsCertain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform with current-period presentation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact the Company in the future, actual results may be different from the estimates. The Company’s critical accounting policies are those that affect its financial statements materially and involve difficult, subjective or complex judgments by management. Those policies are revenue recognition; accounts receivable and notes receivable from investment in sales-type leases; operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities; inventory valuation; capitalized software development costs; impairment of goodwill; purchased intangibles and long-lived assets; fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations; share-based compensation; and accounting for income taxes.
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Segment Reporting | Segment ReportingThe Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM allocates resources and evaluates the performance of the Company using information about its revenues, gross profit, income from operations, and other key financial data. The Company previously operated and reported its business in two segments: Automation and Analytics, and Medication Adherence. In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company introduced the vision of the autonomous pharmacy, a more fully automated and digitized system of medication management, in order to address changes in the healthcare industry as the Company executes on its plan to deliver end-to-end solutions with greater emphasis on automating manual processes for its customers. These industry changes include the continuing consolidation of healthcare systems, rising pharmaceutical costs, and increased scrutiny on controlled substances. In an effort to deliver on its strategic vision, the Company initiated a company-wide organizational realignment in the fourth quarter of 2018 to centrally manage its business operations, including the development and marketing of all of the Company’s products, sales and distribution, supply chain and inventory management, as well as regulatory and quality functions. As a result of this organizational realignment, all significant operating decisions are based upon an analysis of the Company as one operating segment. Therefore, effective January 1, 2019, the Company started reporting as only one operating segment, which is the same as the reporting segment. Accordingly, prior period segment information has been revised to conform with current period presentation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement | Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement Most of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries use the local currency of their respective countries as their functional currency. The Company translates the assets and liabilities of such non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments and included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are remeasured into the respective entity’s functional currency. Monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period, and non-monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at historical rates. Gains and losses from foreign currency remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities are recorded in interest and other income (expense), net.
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Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition The Company earns revenues from sales of its products and related services, which are sold in the healthcare industry, its principal market. The transaction price of each contract with a customer is allocated to the identified performance obligations based on the relative fair value of each obligation. The Company’s customer arrangements typically include one or more of the following performance obligations: Products. Software-enabled equipment that manages and regulates the storage and dispensing of pharmaceuticals, consumable blister cards and packaging equipment and other medical supplies. Software. Additional software applications that enable incremental functionality of the Company’s equipment or services. Installation. Installation of equipment as integrated systems at customer sites. Post-installation technical support. Phone support, on-site service, parts, and access to unspecified software updates and enhancements, if and when available. Professional services. Other customer services, such as training and consulting. Prior to recognizing revenue, the Company identifies the contract, performance obligations, and transaction price, and allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations. All identified contracts meet the following required criteria: Parties to the contract have approved the contract (in writing, orally, or in accordance with other customary business practices) and are committed to perform their respective obligations. A majority of the Company’s contracts are evidenced by a non-cancelable written agreement. Contracts for consumable products are generally evidenced by an order placed via phone or a manual purchase order. Entity can identify each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred. Contract terms are documented within the written agreements. Where a written contract does not exist, such as for consumable products, the rights of each party are understood as following the Company’s standard business process and terms. The entity can identify the payment terms for the goods or services to be transferred. Payment terms are documented within the agreement and are generally net 30 to 60 days from shipment of tangible product or services performed for customers in the United States. Where a written contract does not exist, the Company’s standard payment terms are net 30 day terms. The contract has commercial substance (that is the risk, timing, or amount of the entity’s future cash flows is expected to change as a result of the contract.) The Company’s agreements are an exchange of cash for a combination of products and services which result in changes in the amount of the Company’s future cash flows. It is probable the entity will collect the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer. The Company performs a credit check for all significant customers or transactions and where collectability is not probable, payment in full or a substantial down payment is typically required to help assure the full agreed upon contract price will be collected. The Company often enters into change orders which modify the product to be received by the customer pursuant to certain contracts. Changes to any contract are accounted for as a modification of the existing contract to the extent the goods and services to be delivered as part of the contract are generally consistent with the nature and type of those to be provided under the terms of the original contract. Examples of such change orders include the addition or removal of units of equipment or changes to the configuration of the equipment where the overall nature of the contract remains intact. The Company’s change orders generally result in the change being accounted for as modifications of existing contracts given the nature of the impacted orders. Distinct goods or services are identified as performance obligations. A series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer are considered a single performance obligation. Where a good or service is determined not to be distinct, the Company combines the good or service with other promised goods or services until a bundle of goods or services that is distinct is identified. To identify its performance obligations, the Company considers all of the products or services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. When performance obligations are included in separate contracts, the Company considers an entire customer arrangement to determine if separate contracts should be considered combined for the purposes of revenue recognition. Most of the Company’s sales, other than renewals of support and maintenance, contain multiple performance obligations, with a combination of hardware systems, consumables and software products, support and maintenance, and professional services. The transaction price of a contract is determined based on the fixed consideration, net of an estimate for variable consideration such as various discounts or rebates provided to customers. As a result of the Company’s commercial selling practices, contract prices are generally fixed with minimal, if any, variable consideration. The transaction price is allocated to separate performance obligations proportionally based on the standalone selling price of each performance obligation. Standalone selling price is best evidenced by the price the Company charges for the good or service when selling it separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. Other than for the renewal of annual support services contracts, the Company’s products and services are not generally sold separately. The Company uses an amount discounted from the list price as a best estimated selling price. The Company recognizes revenue when the performance obligation has been satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. The good or service is transferred when or as the customer obtains control of the good or service. Determining when control transfers requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenues recognized. Generally, for products requiring a complex implementation, control passes when the product is installed and ready for use. For all other products, control generally passes when product has been shipped and title has passed. For maintenance contracts and certain other services provided on a subscription basis, control passes to the customer over time, generally ratably over the service term as the Company provides a stand-ready service to service the customer’s equipment. Time and material services transfer control to the customer at the time the services are provided. The portion of the transaction price allocated to the Company’s unsatisfied performance obligations recorded as deferred revenues, net of deferred cost of goods sold, at December 31, 2019 and 2018 were $98.0 million and $92.4 million, respectively, of which $90.9 million and $81.8 million, respectively, are expected to be completed within one year and are presented as current deferred revenues, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Remaining performance obligations primarily relate to maintenance contracts and are recognized ratably over the remaining term of the contract, generally not more than five years. Revenues, contract assets, and contract liabilities are recorded net of associated taxes. The Company generally invoices customers for products upon shipment. Invoicing associated with the service portion of agreements are generally periodic and are billed on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis. In certain circumstances, multiple years are billed at one time. The amount invoiced for equipment and software is typically reflected in both accounts receivable and deferred revenues, net. The Company typically recognizes product revenue, and correspondingly reduces deferred revenues, net, for equipment and software upon written customer acceptance of installation. Consumables are recorded as revenue upon shipment to or receipt by the customer, depending upon contract terms. The portion of deferred revenues, net, not expected to be recognized as revenue within twelve months of the balance sheet date are included in long-term deferred revenues on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In the normal course of business, the Company typically does not accept product returns unless the item is defective as manufactured or the configuration of the product is incorrect. The Company establishes provisions for estimated returns based on historical product returns. The allowance for sales returns is not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements for any periods presented. The Company contracts with Group Purchasing Organizations (“GPOs”), each of which functions as a purchasing agent on behalf of member hospitals and other healthcare providers, as well as with government entities and agencies. Pursuant to the terms of GPO agreements, each member contracts directly with Omnicell and can purchase the Company’s product at pre-negotiated contract terms and pricing. GPOs are often owned fully or in part by the Company’s customers, and the Company pays fees to the GPO on completed contracts. The Company considers these fees consideration paid to customers and records them as reductions to revenue. Fees to GPOs were $11.1 million, $8.7 million, and $7.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The accounts receivable balances are with individual members of the GPOs, and therefore no significant concentration of credit risk exists. During the year ended December 31, 2019, sales to members of the ten largest GPOs accounted for approximately 64% of total consolidated revenues. Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities A contract asset is a right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the Company has transferred to a customer when that right is conditional and is not just subject to the passage of time. A receivable will be recorded on the balance sheet when the Company has unconditional rights to consideration. A contract liability is an obligation to transfer goods or services for which the Company has received consideration, or for which an amount of consideration is due from the customer. Contract liabilities include customer deposits under non-cancelable contracts, and current and non-current deferred revenue balances. The Company’s contract balances are reported in a net contract asset or liability position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are the result of the issuance of invoices and recognition of deferred revenues in the normal course of business. Unbilled contract assets which were invoiced during the year ended December 31, 2019 as a result of the right to invoice for the transaction consideration becoming unconditional were not material. The contract modifications entered into during the year ended December 31, 2019 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s contract assets or deferred revenues. Contract Costs The Company has determined that the incentive portions of its sales commission plans require capitalization since these payments are directly related to sales achieved during a time period. These commissions are earned on the basis of the total purchase order value of new product bookings. Since there are no commensurate commissions earned on renewal of the service bookings, the Company concluded that the capitalized asset is related to services provided under both the initial contract and renewal periods. The Company applies a practical expedient to account for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as part of a portfolio of contracts with similar characteristics as the Company expects the effect on the financial statements of applying the practical expedient would not differ materially from applying the accounting guidance to the individual contracts within the portfolio. A pool of contracts is defined as all contracts booked in a particular quarter. The amortization for the capitalized asset is an estimate of the pool’s original contract term, generally to five years, plus an estimate of future customer renewal periods resulting in a total amortization period of ten years. Costs to obtain a contract are allocated amongst performance obligations and recognized as sales and marketing expense consistent with the pattern of revenue recognition. Capitalized costs are periodically reviewed for impairment. A portion of the pool’s capitalized asset is recorded as an expense over the first two quarters after booking, which represents the estimated period during which the product revenue associated with the contract is recorded. The remaining contract cost is recorded as expense ratably over the year estimated initial and renewal service periodsShipping CostsOutbound freight billed to customers is recorded as product revenue. The related shipping and handling costs are expensed as part of selling, general, and administrative expense.
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Lessor Leases | Lessor Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The transaction price is allocated to separate performance obligations, generally consisting of hardware and software products, installation, and post-installation technical support, proportionally based on the standalone selling price of each performance obligation. Standalone selling price is best evidenced by the price the Company charges for the good or service when selling it separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. Other than for the renewal of annual support services contracts, the Company’s products and services are not generally sold separately. The Company uses an amount discounted from the list price as a best estimated selling price. Sales-Type Leases The Company enters into non-cancelable sales-type lease arrangements, most of which do not have an option to extend the lease term. At the end of the lease term, the customer must either return the equipment or negotiate a new agreement, resulting in a new purchase or lease transaction. Failure of the customer to either return the equipment or negotiate a new agreement results in the contract becoming a month-to-month rental. Certain sales-type leases automatically renew for successive one year periods at the end of each lease term with written notice from the customer. The Company’s sales-type lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees. For sales-type leases, the Company recognizes revenues for its hardware and software products, net of lease execution costs, post-installation product maintenance, and technical support, at the net present value of the lease payment stream upon customer acceptance. The Company recognizes service revenues associated with sales-type leases ratably over the term of the agreement in service revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognizes interest income from sales-type leases using the effective interest method. Both hardware and software revenues, and interest income from sales-types leases are recorded in product revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company optimizes cash flows by selling a majority of its non-U.S. government sales-type leases to third-party leasing finance companies on a non-recourse basis. The Company has no obligation to the leasing company once the lease has been sold. Some of the Company's sales-type leases, mostly those relating to U.S. government hospitals which comprise approximately 53% of the lease receivable balance, are retained in-house. Operating Leases The Company entered into certain leasing agreements that were classified as operating leases prior to the adoption of the new lease accounting standard. Those agreements in place prior to January 1, 2019 will continue to be treated as operating leases, however, any new leasing agreements entered into on or after January 1, 2019 under these programs are classified and accounted for as sales-type leases in accordance with the new lease accounting standard. The operating lease arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2019 are non-cancelable, and most automatically renew for successive one year periods at the end of each lease term absent written notice from the customer. The Company’s operating lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees. For operating leases, rental income is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated lease, and recorded in services and other revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Leased assets under operating leases are carried at amortized cost net of accumulated depreciation in property and equipment, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The depreciation expense of the leased assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the associated lease, and recorded in cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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Financial Instruments | Financial Instruments For assets and liabilities measured at fair value, the amounts are based on an expected exit price representing the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in a transaction between market participants. The fair value may be based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis whereby inputs used in valuation techniques are assigned a hierarchical level.
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Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents and Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company classifies investments as cash equivalents if their original or remaining contractual maturity is three months or less at the date of purchase. Cash equivalents are carried at amounts that approximate fair value due to the short period of time to maturity. The Company’s cash balances are maintained in demand deposit accounts with financial institutions of high credit quality. The Company continuously monitors the credit worthiness of the financial institutions in which it invests. The Company has not experienced any credit losses from its cash investments.
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Foreign Currency Forward Contracts and Interest Rate Swap Agreements | Interest Rate Swap Agreements The Company uses interest rate swap agreements to protect the Company against adverse fluctuations in interest rates by reducing its exposure to variability in cash flows relating to interest payments on a portion of its outstanding debt. The Company does not hold or issue any derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes. The Company's interest rate swap agreements qualify as cash flow hedging instruments in accordance with the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the Accounting Standards Codification. The Company records its interest rate swap agreements on its Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The effective portion of changes in fair value are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portion is recognized in earnings. On a quarterly basis, the Company performs a qualitative assessment to determine effectiveness.
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Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Notes Receivables From Investment in Sales-Types Leases | Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Notes Receivables from Investment in Sales-Type Leases The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company records a specific allowance based on an analysis of individual past-due balances. Additionally, based on historical write-offs and the Company’s collection experience, the Company records an additional allowance based on a percentage of outstanding receivables. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. These evaluations require significant judgment and are based on a variety of factors including, but not limited to, current economic trends, payment history, and a financial review of the customer. Actual collection losses may differ from management’s estimates, and such differences could be material to the Company’s financial position and results of operations. The retained in-house leases discussed above are considered financing receivables. The Company’s credit policies and its evaluation of credit risk and write-off policies are applied alike to trade receivables and the net investment in sales-type leases. For both, an account is generally past due after thirty days. The financing receivables also have customer-specific reserves for accounts identified for specific impairment and a non-specific reserve applied to the remaining population, based on factors such as current trends, the length of time the receivables are past due, and historical collection experience. The retained in-house leases are not stratified by portfolio or class.
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Sales of Accounts Receivable | Sales of Accounts ReceivableThe Company records the sale of its accounts receivables in accordance with accounting guidance for transfers and servicing of financial assets. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inventory | Inventory Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, computed using the first-in, first-out method, and net realizable value. Inbound shipping costs are included in cost of inventory. The Company regularly monitors inventory quantities on hand and records write-downs for excess and obsolete inventories based on the Company’s estimate of demand for its products, potential obsolescence of technology, product life cycles, and whether pricing trends or forecasts indicate that the carrying value of inventory exceeds its estimated selling price. These factors are impacted by market and economic conditions, technology changes, and new product introductions and require estimates that may include elements that are uncertain. Actual demand may differ from forecasted demand and may have a material effect on gross margins. If inventory is written down, a new cost basis is established that cannot be increased in future periods. Shipments from suppliers or contract manufacturers before the Company receives them are recorded as in-transit inventory when title and the significant risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the Company.
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Property and Equipment | Property and EquipmentProperty and equipment less accumulated depreciation are stated at historical cost. The Company’s expenditures for property and equipment are primarily for computer equipment and software used in the administration of its business, and for leasehold improvements to its leased facilities. The Company also develops molds and dies used in long-term manufacturing arrangements with suppliers and for production automation equipment used in the manufacturing of consumable blister card components.The Company capitalizes costs related to computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software. Software obtained for internal use has generally been enterprise-level business and finance software that the Company customizes to meet its specific operational needs. Costs incurred in the application development phase are capitalized and amortized over their useful lives, which is generally years. Costs recognized in the preliminary project phase and the post-implementation phase are expensed as incurred. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Software Development Costs | Software Development Costs The Company capitalizes software development costs in accordance with ASC 985-20, Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed, under which certain software development costs incurred subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility may be capitalized and amortized over the estimated lives of the related products. The Company establishes technological feasibility when it completes a detail program design or a working model. The Company amortizes development costs over the estimated lives of the related products ranging from to years. The Company capitalized software development costs of $45.8 million and $30.7 million, which are included in other long-term assets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company recorded $17.5 million, $12.5 million, and $9.7 million to cost of revenues for amortization of capitalized software development costs for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. All development costs prior to the completion of a detail program design or a working model are recognized as research and development expense.
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Lessee Leases | Lessee Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of its lease contracts do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. Many of the Company’s operating leases include an option to extend the lease. The specific terms and conditions of the extension options vary from lease to lease, but are consistent with standard industry practices in each area that the Company operates. The Company reviews each of its lease options at a time required by the terms of the lease contract, and notifies the lessor if it chooses to exercise the lease renewal option. Until the Company is reasonably certain that it will extend the lease contract, the renewal option periods will not be recognized as right-of-use assets or lease liabilities. Certain leases include provisions for early termination, which allow the contract parties to terminate their obligations under the lease contract. The terms and conditions of the termination options vary by contract. When the Company has made a decision to exercise an early termination option, the right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities are remeasured in accordance with the present value of the remaining cash flows under the lease contract. Certain building lease agreements include rental payments subject to change annually based on fluctuations in various indexes (i.e. Consumer Price Index (“CPI”), Retail Price Index, and other international indexes). Certain data center lease agreements include rental payments subject to change based on usage and CPI fluctuations. The changes based on usage and indexes are treated as variable lease costs and recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments was incurred. The Company’s operating lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees, restrictions, or restriction covenants.
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Business Combinations | Business Combinations The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting under the authoritative guidance on business combinations. Each acquired company’s operating results are included in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements starting on the date of acquisition. The purchase price is equivalent to the fair value of consideration transferred. Tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition are recorded at the acquisition date fair value. Goodwill is recognized for the excess of purchase price over the net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Amounts allocated to assets and liabilities are based upon fair values. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to the identifiable intangible assets. Management makes estimates of fair value based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable and that of a market participant. These estimates are based on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired companies and the estimates are inherently uncertain. The separately identifiable intangible assets generally include customer relationships, backlog, acquired technology, and trade names.
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Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets Goodwill The Company reviews goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on the first day of the fourth quarter of each year at the reporting unit level. This assessment is also performed whenever there is a change in circumstances that indicates the carrying value of goodwill may be impaired. The Company has one reporting unit, which is the same as its operating segment. A qualitative assessment is initially made to determine whether it is necessary to perform quantitative testing. A qualitative assessment includes, among others, consideration of: (i) past, current, and projected future earnings and equity; (ii) recent trends and market conditions; and (iii) valuation metrics involving similar companies that are publicly-traded and acquisitions of similar companies, if available. If this qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that impairment exists, or if the Company decides to bypass this option, it proceeds to the quantitative assessment. The quantitative assessment involves a comparison between the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting unit with its carrying amount including goodwill. If the carrying value exceeds estimated fair value, the Company will record an impairment charge based on that difference. The impairment charge will be limited to the amount of goodwill. To determine the reporting unit’s fair value under the quantitative approach, the Company uses a combination of income and market approaches, equally weighting the two approaches, such as estimated discounted future cash flows of the reporting unit, multiples of earnings or revenues, and analysis of recent sales or offerings of comparable entities. The Company also considers its market capitalization on the date of the analysis to ensure the reasonableness of its reporting unit's fair value. The Company performed a qualitative impairment assessment analysis as of October 1, 2019 for its reporting unit taking into consideration past, current, and projected future earnings, recent trends and market conditions, and valuation metrics involving similar companies that are publicly-traded. Based on the result of this analysis, an impairment does not exist as of December 31, 2019, and there were no accumulated impairment losses. Intangible Assets In connection with its acquisitions, the Company generally recognizes assets for customer relationships, backlog, developed technology, and trade names. Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Such amortization is provided on a straight-line basis or on an accelerated basis based on a pattern of economic benefit that is expected to be obtained over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally from to 30 years. Amortization for developed technology and backlog is recognized in cost of revenues, and amortization for customer relationships, non-compete agreements, trade names, and patents is recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses. The Company assesses the impairment of identifiable intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset is measured by the comparison of the carrying amount to the sum of the undiscounted estimated future cash flows the asset is expected to generate, offset by estimated future costs to dispose of the product to which the asset relates. If an asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of such impairment would be measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and its fair value. The Company’s cash flow assumptions are based on historical and forecasted future revenue, operating costs, and other relevant factors. Assumptions and estimates about the remaining useful lives of the Company’s intangible assets are subjective and are affected by changes to its business strategies. If management’s estimates of future operating results change, or if there are changes to other assumptions, the estimate of the fair value of the Company’s assets could change significantly. Such change could result in impairment charges in future periods, which could have a significant impact on the Company’s operating results and financial condition. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no events or changes in circumstances to indicate that intangible assets carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
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Valuation of Share-Based Awards | Valuation of Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Stock Compensation. The Company recognizes compensation expense related to share-based compensation based on the grant date estimated fair value. The fair value of stock options (“options”) on the grant date is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the following inputs: expected life, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected dividend yield rate, exercise price, and closing price of its common stock on the date of grant. The expected volatility is based on a combination of historical and market-based implied volatility, and the expected life of the awards is based on the Company’s historical experience of employee stock option exercises, including forfeitures. Expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is based on the stock price on the grant date. The fair value of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) is their intrinsic value, which is the difference between the fair value of the underlying stock at the measurement date and the purchase price. The RSUs and RSAs are subject to a service vesting condition and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The fair value of performance-based stock unit awards (“PSUs”) with service and market conditions is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model applying multiple awards approach. Expense is recognized when it is probable that the performance condition will be met using the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period. The valuation assumptions used in estimating the fair value of employee share-based awards may change in future periods.
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Accounting for Income Taxes | Accounting for Income Taxes The Company records an income tax provision for (benefit from) the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the provision for (benefit from) income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates in effect for the periods in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. In the event that these tax rates change, the Company will incur a benefit or detriment on its income tax expense in the period of change. If the Company were to determine that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, it will record a valuation allowance that would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. In accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, the Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of U.S. GAAP and complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with management’s expectations could have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition and operating results.
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Recently Adopted Authoritative and Recently Issued Authoritative Guidance | Recently Adopted Authoritative Guidance In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The FASB amended lease accounting requirements to begin recording assets and liabilities arising from most leases on the balance sheet. The new guidance also requires significant additional disclosures about the amount and timing of cash flows from leases. The Company adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2019. In July 2018, the FASB issued amendments in ASU 2018-11, which provide a transition election to not restate comparative periods for the effects of applying the new standard. This transition election permits entities to change the date of initial application to the beginning of the year of adoption and to recognize the effects of applying the new standard as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The Company has elected this transition approach as well as the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification of contracts entered into prior to January 1, 2019. As a result of electing the package of practical expedients described above, existing leases and related initial direct costs have not been reassessed prior to the effective date, and therefore, adoption of the lease standard did not have an impact on the Company’s previously reported consolidated financial statements. The Company also elected the following practical expedients: (i) combining lease and non-lease components for all asset classes, (ii) leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the associated lease payments are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and (iii) applying discount rates to operating leases using a portfolio approach. From a lessor perspective, certain agreements that were previously classified as operating leases are classified as sales-type leases under the new lease accounting standard. The agreements in place prior to the adoption of the new lease accounting standard on January 1, 2019 will continue to be treated as operating leases. The Company’s adoption of the new standard impacted the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the beginning of the period of adoption as follows:
_________________________________________________ (1) Adjustment represents the current portion of the operating lease liabilities of $10.3 million, and reclassification of exit cost obligations and deferred rent of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, to reduce the operating lease right-of-use assets. (2) Adjustment represents the reclassification of deferred rent to reduce the operating lease right-of-use assets. Adoption of the standard did not have an impact on the Company’s stockholders’ equity, Consolidated Statements of Operations, and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as of January 1, 2019. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which permits the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) on items within accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. These amounts are commonly referred to as “stranded tax effects.” ASU 2018-02 was effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and therefore no adjustment to retained earnings was made. Recently Issued Authoritative Guidance In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). ASU 2018-15 will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. The Company anticipates adopting ASU 2018-15 prospectively and does not expect the standard to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, that modifies or replaces existing models for trade and other receivables, debt securities, loans, and certain other financial instruments. For instruments measured at amortized cost, including trade and lease receivables, loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, the standard will replace the current “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model. Entities will be required to estimate expected credit losses over the life of the instrument, considering available relevant information about the collectibility of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020. In preparation for adoption of the standard, the Company made appropriate changes to necessary processes and controls. The Company’s adoption of the new standard is estimated to result in the recognition of an immaterial cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings, using the modified retrospective transition method. There was no other recently issued and effective authoritative guidance that is expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements through the reporting date.
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Fair Value Hierarchy | Fair Value HierarchyThe Company measures its financial instruments at fair value. The Company’s cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy as they are valued primarily using quoted market prices utilizing market observable inputs. The Company's interest rate swap contracts are classified within Level 2 as the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable data of similar instruments. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Guarantees | Guarantees As permitted under Delaware law and the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the Company has agreed to indemnify its directors and officers against certain losses that they may suffer by reason of the fact that such persons are, were or become its directors or officers. The term of the indemnification period is for the director’s or officer’s lifetime and there is no limit on the potential amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements. The Company has purchased a directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy that may enable it to recover a portion of any future payments that it may be required to make under these indemnification agreements. Assuming the applicability of coverage and the willingness of the insurer to assume coverage and subject to certain retention, loss limits and other policy provisions, the Company believes it is unlikely that the Company will be required to pay any material amounts pursuant to these indemnification obligations. However, no assurances can be given that the insurers will not attempt to dispute the validity, applicability or amount of coverage without expensive and time-consuming litigation against the insurers. Additionally, the Company undertakes indemnification obligations in its ordinary course of business in connection with, among other things, the licensing of its products and the provision of its support services. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, the Company has in the past and may in the future agree to indemnify another party, generally its business affiliates or customers, against certain losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party in connection with various types of claims, which may include, without limitation, claims of intellectual property infringement, certain tax liabilities, its gross negligence or intentional acts in the performance of support services and violations of laws. The term of these indemnification obligations is generally perpetual. In general, the Company attempts to limit the maximum potential amount of future payments that it may be required to make under these indemnification obligations to the amounts paid to it by a customer, but in some cases the obligation may not be so limited. In addition, the Company has in the past and may in the future warrant to its customers that its products will conform to functional specifications for a limited period of time following the date of installation (generally not exceeding 30 days) or that its software media is free from material defects. Sales contracts for certain of the Company’s medication packaging systems often include limited warranties for up to six months, but the periodic activity and ending warranty balances the Company records have historically been immaterial.From time to time, the Company may also warrant that its professional services will be performed in a good and workmanlike manner or in a professional manner consistent with industry standards. The Company generally seeks to disclaim most warranties, including any implied or statutory warranties such as warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title, quality and non-infringement, as well as any liability with respect to incidental, consequential, special, exemplary, punitive or similar damages. In some states, such disclaimers may not be enforceable. If necessary, the Company would provide for the estimated cost of product and service warranties based on specific warranty claims and claim history. The Company has not been subject to any significant claims for such losses and has not incurred any material costs in defending or settling claims related to these indemnification obligations.
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