11. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

A summary of the changes in stockholders’ equity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 is as follows:

(In thousands)	Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	497,911
Net income (loss)		(18,484	)
Dividend payments		(8,679	)
Dividends accrued for unvested restricted stock units		5
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities (net of tax)		(3,308	)
Defined benefit plan adjustments (net of tax)		67
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(2,582	)
Proceeds from stock option exercises		369
Purchase of treasury stock		(12,774	)
Adoption of new accounting standards (see Note 1)		3,499
Stock-based compensation expense		3,603
Balance, June 30, 2018	$	459,627

Stock Repurchase Program

Since 1997, our Board of Directors has approved multiple share repurchase programs that have authorized open market repurchase transactions of up to 50.0 million shares of our common stock that are implemented through open market or private purchases from time to time as conditions warrant. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we repurchased 0.8 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $15.72 per share. As of June 30, 2018, we have the authority to purchase an additional 2.7 million shares of our common stock under the current plans approved by the Board of Directors.

Stock Option Exercises

We issued 24 thousand shares of treasury stock during the six months ended June 30, 2018 to accommodate employee stock option exercises. The stock options had exercise prices ranging from $15.29 to $18.97. We received proceeds totaling $0.4 million from the exercise of these stock options during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Dividend Payments

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we paid cash dividends as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):

Record Date	Payment Date	Per Share Amount		Total Dividend Paid
January 31, 2018	February 14, 2018	$	0.09	$	4,367
May 2, 2018	May 16, 2018	$	0.09	$	4,312

Other Comprehensive Income

Other comprehensive income consists of unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities; unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges; reclassification adjustments for amounts included in net income related to impairments of available-for-sale debt securities, realized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities, realized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, and amortization of actuarial gains (losses) related to our defined benefit plan; defined benefit plan adjustments; and foreign currency translation adjustments.

The following tables present the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, by component for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
(In thousands)	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available- for-Sale Securities			Defined Benefit Plan Adjustments			Foreign Currency Adjustments			Total
Beginning balance	$	(845	)	$	(4,224	)	$	(734	)	$	(5,803	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(82	)		—			(3,424	)		(3,506	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		186			5			—			191
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		104			5			(3,424	)		(3,315	)
Ending balance	$	(741	)	$	(4,219	)	$	(4,158	)	$	(9,118	)

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
(In thousands)	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available- for-Sale Securities			Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges			Defined Benefit Plan Adjustments			Foreign Currency Adjustments			Total
Beginning balance	$	1,739		$	79		$	(4,962	)	$	(6,333	)	$	(9,477	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		1,222			(571	)		—			2,619			3,270
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(849	)		154			86			—			(609	)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		373			(417	)		86			2,619			2,661
Ending balance	$	2,112		$	(338	)	$	(4,876	)	$	(3,714	)	$	(6,816	)

The following tables present the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, by component for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(In thousands)	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available- for-Sale Securities			Defined Benefit Plan Adjustments			Foreign Currency Adjustments			Total
Beginning balance	$	2,567		$	(4,286	)	$	(1,576	)	$	(3,295	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(339	)		—			(2,582	)		(2,921	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		251			67			—			318
Amounts reclassified to retained earnings ⁽¹⁾		(3,220	)		—			—			(3,220	)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(3,308	)		67			(2,582	)		(5,823	)
Ending balance	$	(741	)	$	(4,219	)	$	(4,158	)	$	(9,118	)

(1)

With the adoption of ASU 2016-01, the unrealized gains on our equity investments were reclassified to retained earnings. See Note 1 for more information.

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
(In thousands)	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available- for-Sale Securities			Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges			Defined Benefit Plan Adjustments			Foreign Currency Adjustments			Total
Beginning balance	$	404		$	—		$	(5,017	)	$	(7,575	)	$	(12,188	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		2,842			(492	)		—			3,861			6,211
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(1,134	)		154			141			—			(839	)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		1,708			(338	)		141			3,861			5,372
Ending balance	$	2,112		$	(338	)	$	(4,876	)	$	(3,714	)	$	(6,816	)

The following tables present the details of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income Is Presented
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Net realized gain (loss) on sales of securities	$	(251	)	Net realized investment gain
Defined benefit plan adjustments – actuarial losses		(7	)	⁽¹⁾
Total reclassifications for the period, before tax		(258	)
Tax (expense) benefit		67
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	(191	)

⁽¹⁾	Included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. See Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income Is Presented
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Net realized gain (loss) on sales of securities	$	1,393		Net realized investment gain
Impairment expense		(2	)	Net realized investment gain
Net losses on derivatives designated as hedging instruments		(154	)	Cost of sales
Defined benefit plan adjustments – actuarial losses		(124	)	⁽¹⁾
Total reclassifications for the period, before tax		1,113
Tax (expense) benefit		(504	)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	609

⁽¹⁾

Included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. See Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following tables present the details of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

(In thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income Is Presented
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Net realized gain (loss) on sales of securities	$	(324	)	Net realized investment gain
Defined benefit plan adjustments – actuarial losses		(97	)	⁽¹⁾
Total reclassifications for the period, before tax		(421	)
Tax (expense) benefit		103
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	(318	)

⁽¹⁾

Included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. See Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(In thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income Is Presented
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for- sale securities:
Net realized gain (loss) on sales of securities	$	1,965		Net realized investment gain
Impairment expense		(105	)	Net realized investment gain
Net losses on derivatives designated as hedging instruments		(154	)	Cost of sales
Defined benefit plan adjustments – actuarial losses		(204	)	⁽¹⁾
Total reclassifications for the period, before tax		1,502
Tax (expense) benefit		(663	)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	839

⁽¹⁾

Included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. See Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table presents the tax effects related to the change in each component of other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended									Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2018									June 30, 2017
(In thousands)	Before-Tax Amount			Tax (Expense) Benefit			Net-of-Tax Amount			Before-Tax Amount			Tax (Expense) Benefit			Net-of-Tax Amount
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	$	(111	)	$	29		$	(82	)	$	2,003		$	(781	)	$	1,222
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges		—			—			—			(571	)		—			(571	)
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to available-for-sale investments included in net income		251			(65	)		186			(1,391	)		542			(849	)
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to cash flow hedges included in net income		—			—			—			154			—			154
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to defined benefit plan adjustments included in net income		7			(2	)		5			124			(38	)		86
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(3,424	)		—			(3,424	)		2,619			—			2,619
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	$	(3,277	)	$	(38	)	$	(3,315	)	$	2,938		$	(277	)	$	2,661

The following table presents the tax effects related to the change in each component of other comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

	Six Months Ended									Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2018									June 30, 2017
(In thousands)	Before-Tax Amount			Tax (Expense) Benefit			Net-of-Tax Amount			Before-Tax Amount			Tax (Expense) Benefit			Net-of-Tax Amount
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	$	(458	)	$	119		$	(339	)	$	4,659		$	(1,817	)	$	2,842
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges		—			—			—			(492	)		—			(492	)
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to available-for-sale investments included in net income		324			(73	)		251			(1,860	)		726			(1,134	)
Reclassification adjustment for amounts reclassed to retained earnings related to the adoption of ASU 2016-01		(3,220	)		—			(3,220	)		—			—			—
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to cash flow hedges included in net income		—			—			—			154			—			154
Reclassification adjustment for amounts related to defined benefit plan adjustments included in net income		97			(30	)		67			204			(63	)		141
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(2,582	)		—			(2,582	)		3,861			—			3,861
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	$	(5,839	)	$	16		$	(5,823	)	$	6,526		$	(1,154	)	$	5,372