Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

Fair Value Measurements

Accounting guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures provides a hierarchical framework for disclosing the observability of the inputs utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value.

•Level 1 — Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 1 are actively traded instruments with observable actual trading prices.

•Level 2 — Pricing inputs are other than actual trading prices in active markets but are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 2 are typically either comparable to actively traded securities or contracts or priced with models using highly observable inputs.

•Level 3 — Significant inputs to pricing have little or no observability as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 3 include those valued with models requiring significant judgment or estimation.

Specific valuation methods include:

Interest rate derivatives — Fair values of interest rate derivatives are based on broker quotes that utilize current market interest rate forecasts.

Commodity derivatives — Methods used to measure the fair value of commodity derivative forwards and options utilize forward prices and volatilities, as well as pricing adjustments for specific delivery locations, and are generally assigned a Level 2 classification. When contracts relate to inactive delivery locations or extend to periods beyond those readily observable on active exchanges, the significance of the use of less observable inputs on a valuation is evaluated, and may result in Level 3 classification.

Electric commodity derivatives held by SPS include transmission congestion instruments, generally referred to as FTRs. FTRs purchased from an RTO are financial instruments that entitle or obligate the holder to monthly revenues or charges based on transmission congestion across a given transmission path.

The values of these instruments are derived from, and designed to offset, the costs of transmission congestion. In addition to overall transmission load, congestion is also influenced by the operating schedules of power plants and the consumption of electricity pertinent to a given transmission path. Unplanned plant outages, scheduled plant maintenance, changes in the relative costs of fuels used in generation, weather and overall changes in demand for electricity can each impact the operating schedules of the power plants on the transmission grid and the value of these instruments.

FTRs are recognized at fair value and adjusted each period prior to settlement. Given the limited observability of certain variables underlying the reported auction values of FTRs, these fair value measurements have been assigned a Level 3 classification.

Net congestion costs, including the impact of FTR settlements, are shared through fuel and purchased energy cost recovery mechanisms. As such, the fair value of the unsettled instruments (i.e., derivative asset or liability) is offset/deferred as a regulatory asset or liability.

Derivative Activities and Fair Value Measurements

SPS enters into derivative instruments, including forward contracts, for trading purposes and to manage risk in connection with changes in interest rates and utility commodity prices.

Interest Rate Derivatives — SPS enters into contracts that effectively fix the interest rate on a specified principal amount of a hypothetical future debt issuance. These financial swaps net settle based on changes in a specified benchmark interest rate, acting as a hedge of changes in market interest rates that will impact specified anticipated debt issuances. These derivative instruments are designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes, with changes in fair value prior to occurrence of the hedged transactions recorded as other comprehensive income.

As of March 31, 2024, accumulated other comprehensive loss related to interest rate derivatives included immaterial net losses expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months as the hedged transactions impact earnings. As of March 31, 2024, SPS had no unsettled interest rate derivatives.

Wholesale and Commodity Trading — SPS conducts various wholesale and commodity trading activities, including the purchase and sale of electric capacity, energy and energy-related instruments, including derivatives. SPS is allowed to conduct these activities within guidelines and limitations as approved by its risk management committee, comprised of management personnel not directly involved in the activities governed by this policy.

Results of derivative instrument transactions entered into for trading purposes are presented in the statements of income as electric revenues, net of any sharing with customers. These activities are not intended to mitigate commodity price risk associated with regulated electric operations. Sharing of these margins is determined through state regulatory proceedings as well as the operation of the FERC-approved joint operating agreement.

Commodity Derivatives — SPS enters into derivative instruments to manage variability of future cash flows from changes in commodity prices in its electric utility operations. This could include the purchase or sale of energy or energy-related products and FTRs.

The most significant derivative positions outstanding at March 31, 2024 for this purpose relate to FTR instruments administered by SPP. These instruments are intended to offset the impacts of transmission system congestion.

When SPS enters into derivative instruments that mitigate commodity price risk on behalf of electric customers, the instruments are not typically designated as qualifying hedging transactions. The classification of unrealized losses or gains on these instruments as a regulatory asset or liability, if applicable, is based on approved regulatory recovery mechanisms.

As of March 31, 2024, SPS had no commodity contracts designated as cash flow hedges.

Gross notional amounts of FTRs:

Amounts in Millions (a)	March 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Megawatt hours of electricity	10	8

(a)Not reflective of net positions in the underlying commodities.

Consideration of Credit Risk and Concentrations — SPS continuously monitors the creditworthiness of counterparties to its interest rate derivatives and commodity derivative contracts prior to settlement, and assesses each counterparty’s ability to perform on the transactions set forth in the contracts. Impact of credit risk was immaterial to the fair value of unsettled commodity derivatives presented on the balance sheets.

SPS’ most significant concentrations of credit risk with particular entities or industries are contracts with counterparties to its wholesale, trading and non-trading commodity activities.

As of March 31, 2024, three of the ten most significant counterparties for these activities, comprising $4 million, or 15%, of this credit exposure, had investment grade credit ratings from S&P Global Ratings, Moody’s Investor Services or Fitch Ratings.

Six of the ten most significant counterparties, comprising $22 million, or 85%, of this credit exposure, were not rated by external ratings agencies, but based on SPS’ internal analysis, had credit quality consistent with investment grade.

One of these counterparties, comprising an immaterial amount or less than 1% of this credit exposure, had credit quality less than investment grade, based on internal analysis. Seven of these counterparties are municipal or cooperative electric entities, RTOs or other utilities.

Recurring Derivative Fair Value Measurements

Impact of derivative activity:

Pre-Tax Fair Value Losses Recognized During the Period in:
(Millions of Dollars)	Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Other derivative instruments
Electric commodity	$	(1)
Total	$	(1)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Other derivative instruments
Electric commodity	$	(75)
Total	$	(75)

Pre-Tax Losses Reclassified into Income During the Period from:
(Millions of Dollars)	Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Other derivative instruments
Electric commodity	$	8	(a)
Total	$	8
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Other derivative instruments
Electric commodity	$	68	(a)
Total	$	68

(a)Recorded to electric fuel and purchased power. These derivative settlement gains and losses are shared with electric customers through fuel and purchased energy cost-recovery mechanisms, and reclassified out of income as regulatory assets or liabilities, as appropriate. FTR settlements are shared with customers and do not have a material impact on net income. Presented amounts reflect changes in fair value between auction and settlement dates, but exclude the original auction fair value.

SPS had no derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

	March 31, 2024												Dec. 31, 2023
	Fair Value						Fair Value Total		Netting (a)		Total		Fair Value						Fair Value Total		Netting (a)		Total
(Millions of Dollars)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3								Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Current derivative assets
Other derivative instruments:
Electric commodity	$	—	$	—	$	45	$	45	$	—	$	45	$	—	$	—	$	39	$	39	$	—	$	39
Total current derivative assets	$	—	$	—	$	45	$	45	$	—	45		$	—	$	—	$	39	$	39	$	—	39
PPAs (b)											2												3
Current derivative instruments											$	47											$	42
Noncurrent derivative assets
Other derivative instruments:
Electric commodity	$	—	$	—	$	7	$	—	$	—	$	7	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total noncurrent derivative assets	$	—	$	—	$	7	$	—	$	—	$	7	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current derivative liabilities
PPAs (b)											1												2
Current derivative instruments											$	1											$	2

(a)SPS nets derivative instruments and related collateral on its balance sheet when supported by a legally enforceable master netting agreement. At March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, derivative assets and liabilities include no obligations to return cash collateral or rights to reclaim cash collateral.

(b)SPS currently applies the normal purchase exception to qualifying PPAs. Balance relates to specific contracts that were previously recognized at fair value prior to applying the normal purchase exception, and are being amortized over the remaining contract lives along with the offsetting regulatory assets and liabilities.

Changes in Level 3 commodity derivatives:

	Three Months Ended March 31
(Millions of Dollars)	2024		2023
Balance at Jan. 1	$	39	$	119
Purchases (a)	3		6
Settlements (a)	(36)		(16)
Net transactions recorded during the period:
Net gains (losses) recognized as regulatory assets and liabilities (a)	46		(86)
Balance at March 31	$	52	$	23

(a)Relates primarily to FTR instruments administered by SPP.

Fair Value of Long-Term Debt

As of March 31, 2024, other financial instruments for which the carrying amount did not equal fair value:

	March 31, 2024				Dec. 31, 2023
(Millions of Dollars)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Long-term debt, including current portion	$	3,312	$	2,696	$	3,311	$	2,818

Fair value of SPS’ long-term debt is estimated based on recent trades and observable spreads from benchmark interest rates for similar securities. Fair value estimates are based on information available to management as of March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, and given the observability of the inputs, fair values presented for long-term debt were assigned as Level 2.