Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

Fair Value Measurements

The accounting guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures provides a single definition of fair value and requires certain disclosures about assets and liabilities measured at fair value. A hierarchical framework for disclosing the observability of the inputs utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value is established by this guidance. The three levels in the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 1 are highly liquid and actively traded instruments with quoted prices.

Level 2 — Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, but are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 2 are typically either comparable to actively traded securities or contracts, or priced with models using highly observable inputs.

Level 3 — Significant inputs to pricing have little or no observability as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 3 are those valued with models requiring significant management judgment or estimation.

Specific valuation methods include the following:

Cash equivalents — The fair values of cash equivalents are generally based on cost plus accrued interest; money market funds are measured using quoted net asset value.

Interest rate derivatives — The fair values of interest rate derivatives are based on broker quotes that utilize current market interest rate forecasts.

Commodity derivatives — The methods used to measure the fair value of commodity derivative forwards and options utilize forward prices and volatilities, as well as pricing adjustments for specific delivery locations, and are generally assigned a Level 2 classification. When contractual settlements extend to periods beyond those readily observable on active exchanges or quoted by brokers, the significance of the use of less observable forecasts of long-term forward prices and volatilities on a valuation is evaluated and may result in Level 3 classification.

Electric commodity derivatives held by SPS include transmission congestion instruments, generally referred to as financial transmission rights (FTRs), purchased from SPP. FTRs purchased from a regional transmission organization (RTO) are financial instruments that entitle or obligate the holder to monthly revenues or charges based on transmission congestion across a given transmission path. The value of an FTR is derived from, and designed to offset, the cost of transmission congestion. In addition to overall transmission load, congestion is also influenced by the operating schedules of power plants and the consumption of electricity pertinent to a given transmission path. Unplanned plant outages, scheduled plant maintenance, changes in the relative costs of fuels used in generation, weather and overall changes in demand for electricity can each impact the operating schedules of the power plants on the transmission grid and the value of an FTR. The valuation process for FTRs utilizes the cleared prices for each FTR for the most recent auction.

If forecasted costs of electric transmission congestion increase or decrease for a given FTR path, the value of that particular FTR instrument will likewise increase or decrease. Given the limited transparency in the auction process, fair value measurements for FTRs have been assigned a Level 3. Non-trading monthly FTR settlements are expected to be recovered through fuel and purchased energy cost recovery mechanisms, and therefore changes in the fair value of the yet to be settled portions of FTRs are deferred as a regulatory asset or liability. Given this regulatory treatment and the limited magnitude of FTRs, the limited transparency associated with the valuation of FTRs are insignificant to the financial statements of SPS.

Derivative Instruments Fair Value Measurements

SPS enters into derivative instruments, including forward contracts, for trading purposes and to manage risk in connection with changes in interest rates and electric utility commodity prices.

Interest Rate Derivatives — SPS may enter into various instruments that effectively fix the interest payments on certain floating rate debt obligations or effectively fix the yield or price on a specified benchmark interest rate for an anticipated debt issuance for a specific period. These derivative instruments are generally designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes.

As of March 31, 2018, accumulated other comprehensive losses related to interest rate derivatives included immaterial net losses expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months as the related hedged interest rate transactions impact earnings, including forecasted amounts for unsettled hedges, as applicable.

Wholesale and Commodity Trading Risk — SPS conducts various wholesale and commodity trading activities, including the purchase and sale of electric capacity, energy and energy-related instruments, including derivatives. SPS’ risk management policy allows management to conduct these activities within guidelines and limitations as approved by its risk management committee, which is made up of management personnel not directly involved in the activities governed by this policy.

Commodity Derivatives — SPS enters into derivative instruments to manage variability of future cash flows from changes in commodity prices in its electric utility operations. This could include the purchase or sale of energy or energy-related products and FTRs.

The following table details the gross notional amounts of commodity FTRs as of March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2017:


^(a)	Amounts are not reflective of net positions in the underlying commodities.

Impact of Derivative Activities on Income and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss — Pre-tax losses related to interest rate derivatives reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings were immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, changes in the fair value of FTRs resulted in pre-tax net gains of $0.3 million and $2.0 million, respectively, and were recognized as regulatory assets and liabilities. The classification as a regulatory asset or liability is based on expected recovery of FTR settlements through fuel and purchased energy cost recovery mechanisms.

FTR settlement losses of $0.5 million and gains of $1.2 million were recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, recorded to electric fuel and purchased power. These derivative settlement gains and losses are shared with electric customers through fuel and purchased energy cost-recovery mechanisms, and reclassified out of income as regulatory assets or liabilities, as appropriate.

SPS had no derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. Therefore, no gains or losses from fair value hedges or related hedged transactions were recognized for these periods.

Consideration of Credit Risk and Concentrations — SPS continuously monitors the creditworthiness of the counterparties to its interest rate derivatives and commodity derivative contracts prior to settlement, and assesses each counterparty’s ability to perform on the transactions set forth in the contracts. Given this assessment, as well as an assessment of the impact of SPS’ own credit risk when determining the fair value of derivative liabilities, the impact of credit risk was immaterial to the fair value of unsettled commodity derivatives presented in the balance sheets.

SPS employs additional credit risk control mechanisms when appropriate, such as letters of credit, parental guarantees, standardized master netting agreements and termination provisions that allow for offsetting of positive and negative exposures. Credit exposure is monitored and, when necessary, the activity with a specific counterparty is limited until credit enhancement is provided.

SPS’ most significant concentrations of credit risk with particular entities or industries are contracts with counterparties to its wholesale, trading and non-trading commodity activities. As of March 31, 2018, two of SPS’ most significant counterparties for these activities, comprising $13.2 million or 28 percent of this credit exposure, had investment grade credit ratings from Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s or Fitch Ratings. Six of the most significant counterparties, comprising $9.9 million or 21 percent of this credit exposure, were not rated by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s or Fitch Ratings, but based on SPS’ internal analysis, had credit quality consistent with investment grade. The one remaining significant counterparty, comprising $0.9 million or 2 percent of this credit exposure, had credit quality less than investment grade, based on ratings from external analysis. All nine of these significant counterparties are municipal or cooperative electric entities or other utilities.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements — The following table presents for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, SPS’ derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2018:



	March 31, 2018
	Fair Value						Fair Value Total		Counterparty Netting ^(b)
(Thousands of Dollars)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value Total		Counterparty Netting ^(b)			Total
Current derivative assets
Other derivative instruments:
Electric commodity	$	—	$	—	$	6,801	$	6,801	$	(1,458	)	$	5,343
Total current derivative assets	$	—	$	—	$	6,801	$	6,801	$	(1,458	)	5,343
PPAs ^(a)												3,159
Current derivative instruments												$	8,502
Noncurrent derivative assets
PPAs ^(a)												$	18,164
Noncurrent derivative instruments												$	18,164
Current derivative liabilities
Other derivative instruments:
Electric commodity	$	—	$	—	$	1,458	$	1,458	$	(1,458	)	$	—
Total current derivative liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	1,458	$	1,458	$	(1,458	)	—
PPAs ^(a)												3,565
Current derivative instruments												$	3,565
Noncurrent derivative liabilities
PPAs ^(a)												$	19,057
Noncurrent derivative instruments												$	19,057


^(a)	During 2006, SPS qualified these contracts under the normal purchase exception. Based on this qualification, the contracts are no longer adjusted to fair value and the previous carrying value of these contracts will be amortized over the remaining contract lives along with the offsetting regulatory assets and liabilities.

^(b)

SPS nets derivative instruments and related collateral in its balance sheet when supported by a legally enforceable master netting agreement, and all derivative instruments and related collateral amounts were subject to master netting agreements at March 31, 2018. At March 31, 2018, derivative assets and liabilities include no obligations to return cash collateral or rights to reclaim cash collateral. The counterparty netting amounts presented exclude settlement receivables and payables and non-derivative amounts that may be subject to the same master netting agreements.

The following table presents for each of the fair value hierarchy levels, SPS’ derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of Dec. 31, 2017:



	Dec. 31, 2017
	Fair Value						Fair Value Total		Counterparty Netting ^(b)
(Thousands of Dollars)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value Total		Counterparty Netting ^(b)			Total
Current derivative assets
Other derivative instruments:
Electric commodity	$	—	$	—	$	14,717	$	14,717	$	(1,994	)	$	12,723
Total current derivative assets	$	—	$	—	$	14,717	$	14,717	$	(1,994	)	12,723
PPAs ^(a)												3,159
Current derivative instruments												$	15,882
Noncurrent derivative assets
PPAs ^(a)												$	18,954
Noncurrent derivative instruments												$	18,954
Current derivative liabilities
Other derivative instruments:
Electric commodity	$	—	$	—	$	1,994	$	1,994	$	(1,994	)	$	—
Total current derivative liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	1,994	$	1,994	$	(1,994	)	—
PPAs ^(a)												3,565
Current derivative instruments												$	3,565
Noncurrent derivative liabilities
PPAs ^(a)												$	19,949
Noncurrent derivative instruments												$	19,949


^(a)	During 2006, SPS qualified these contracts under the normal purchase exception. Based on this qualification, the contracts are no longer adjusted to fair value and the previous carrying value of these contracts will be amortized over the remaining contract lives along with the offsetting regulatory assets and liabilities.

^(b)

SPS nets derivative instruments and related collateral in its balance sheet when supported by a legally enforceable master netting agreement, and all derivative instruments and related collateral amounts were subject to master netting agreements at Dec. 31, 2017. At Dec. 31, 2017, derivative assets and liabilities include no obligations to return cash collateral or rights to reclaim cash collateral. The counterparty netting amounts presented exclude settlement receivables and payables and non-derivative amounts that may be subject to the same master netting agreements.

The following table presents the changes in Level 3 commodity derivatives for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:




	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars)	2018			2017
Balance at Jan. 1	$	12,723		$	1,955
Purchases	680			3,511
Settlements	(10,439		)	(16,400		)
Net transactions recorded during the period:
Net gains recognized as regulatory assets and liabilities	2,379			12,126
Balance at March 31	$	5,343		$	1,192

SPS recognizes transfers between levels as of the beginning of each period. There were no transfers of amounts between levels for derivative instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Fair Value of Long-Term Debt

As of March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2017, other financial instruments for which the carrying amount did not equal fair value were as follows:



	March 31, 2018				Dec. 31, 2017
(Thousands of Dollars)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Long-term debt, including current portion	$	1,830,223	$	1,901,350	$	1,829,941	$	2,001,992

The fair value of SPS’ long-term debt is estimated based on recent trades and observable spreads from benchmark interest rates for similar securities. The fair value estimates are based on information available to management as of March 31, 2018 and Dec. 31, 2017, and given the observability of the inputs to these estimates, the fair values presented for long-term debt have been assigned a Level 2.

(Amounts in Thousands) ^(a)

March 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Megawatt hours of electricity