SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Consolidation

Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Miller Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

To facilitate timely reporting, the consolidated financial statements include accounts of certain subsidiaries whose fiscal closing dates differ from December 31^st by 31 days (or less).

Cash and Temporary Investments

Cash and Temporary Investments

Cash and temporary investments include all cash and cash equivalent investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Receivables are stated at their estimated collectible amounts and consist of amounts billed and currently due from customers. The Company extends credit to customers in the normal course of business. Collections from customers are continuously monitored and an allowance for credit losses is maintained based on historical experience adjusted for current conditions and reasonable forecasts capturing country and industry-specific economic factors. The Company also considers any specific customer collection issues. Since the Company’s trade receivables are largely similar, the Company evaluates its allowance for credit losses as one portfolio segment. At origination, the Company evaluates credit risk based on a variety of credit quality factors including prior payment experience, customer financial information, credit ratings, probabilities of default, industry trends and other internal metrics. On an ongoing basis, data by each major customer is regularly reviewed based on past-due status to evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and actual write-offs are charged against the allowance. Write-offs to the allowance for credit losses were de minimis during each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, and with the exception of a de minimis balance, all accounts receivable at December 31, 2022 were generated during 2022. For a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses, see “Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts” contained herein.

Inventories

Inventories

Inventory costs include materials, labor and factory overhead. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, determined on a moving average unit cost basis. Appropriate consideration is given to obsolescence, valuation and other factors in

determining net realizable value. Revisions of these estimates could result in the need for adjustments. Inventories, net of reserves, at December 31, 2022 and 2021 consisted of the following:

	December 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Chassis	$	18,604	$	5,753
Raw materials		75,934		59,651
Work in process		40,655		33,994
Finished goods		18,463		15,510
	$	153,656	$	114,908

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation for financial reporting purposes is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Accelerated depreciation methods are used for income tax reporting purposes. Estimated useful lives range from 20 to 30 years for buildings and improvements and 5 to 10 years for machinery and equipment, furniture and fixtures, and software costs. Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Internal labor is used in certain capital projects. Fully depreciated assets are retained in property, plant and equipment and accumulated depreciation until they are removed from service. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance sheets and any resulting gain or loss from disposition is recorded as other (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of income in the period realized.

Property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2022 and 2021 consisted of the following:

	2022		2021
Land and improvements	$	16,855	$	15,495
Buildings and improvements		83,220		78,144
Machinery and equipment		78,959		59,886
Furniture and fixtures		12,451		11,457
Software costs		10,897		10,383
		202,382		175,365
Less accumulated depreciation		(90,237)		(80,072)
	$	112,145	$	95,293

The Company recognized $11,762, $11,036 and $9,598, in depreciation and amortization expense in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company capitalizes costs related to software development in accordance with established criteria, and amortizes those costs to expense on a straight-line basis over five years. System development costs not meeting proper criteria for capitalization are expensed as incurred.

Income Per Common Share

Income Per Common Share

Income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. The Company had no outstanding stock options and no potential dilutive common shares for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets

The Company periodically reviews the carrying amount of its long-lived assets to determine if those assets may not be recoverable based upon the future operating cash flows expected to be generated by those assets. Management believes that its long-lived assets are appropriately valued.

Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill consists of the excess of cost of acquired entities over the sum of the amounts assigned to identifiable assets acquired less liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized. However, the Company evaluates the carrying value of goodwill for impairment at least annually or if an event or circumstance occurs that would indicate that the carrying amount had been impaired. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment utilizing a qualitative assessment and, if necessary, a quantitative assessment. If we perform a qualitative analysis of goodwill and determine that fair value more likely than not exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, no further testing is needed. Alternatively, if we elect to utilize a quantitative assessment, an impairment loss would be recognized to the extent that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying value of the goodwill.

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021:

	2022		2021
Accrued wages, commissions, bonuses and benefits	$	11,370	$	10,056
Accrued products warranty		2,098		3,076
Other		14,436		9,647
	$	27,904	$	22,779

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated current and future taxes to be paid. The Company is subject to income taxes in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense.

The Company recognizes as deferred income tax assets and liabilities the future tax consequences of the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The Company considers the need to record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Tax loss carryforwards, reversal of deferred tax liabilities, tax planning and estimates of future taxable income are considered in assessing the need for a valuation allowance.

The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the positions and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability line in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock compensation expense resulting from shares issued to non-employee directors was $200, $200, and $194 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

For more information on stock-based compensation, see Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Product Warranty

Product Warranty

The Company generally provides a one-year limited product and service warranty on certain of its products. The Company provides for the estimated cost of this warranty at the time of sale. These estimates are established using historical information about the nature, frequency, and average cost of warranty claims. Warranty expense in 2022, 2021 and 2020, was $3,237, $2,416 and $2,915, respectively.

The table below provides a summary of the warranty liability for December 31, 2022 and 2021:

	2022		2021
Accrual at beginning of the year	$	3,076	$	3,373
Provision		3,237		2,416
Settlement and Other		(4,215)		(2,713)
Accrual at end of year	$	2,098	$	3,076

Credit Risk

Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash investments and trade accounts receivable. The Company places its cash investments with high-quality financial institutions. In addition, the Company limits the amount of credit exposure through the use of accounts and funds backed by the U.S. Government and its agencies. However, certain balances in such accounts backed by the U.S. Government exceed insurance limits at times throughout the year. Trade accounts receivable are generally diversified due to the number of entities comprising the Company’s customer base and their dispersion across many geographic regions and by frequent monitoring of the creditworthiness of the customers to whom the credit is granted in the normal course of business. At December 31, 2022, there was one customer with a trade account receivable of 10.63% of the Company’s total trade receivable.  There were no customers with a trade accounts receivable balance greater than 10% at December 31, 2021.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Except for certain extended service contracts on a small percentage of units sold, the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied, and sales revenue is recognized when products are shipped from the Company’s facilities. From time to time, revenue is recognized under a bill and hold arrangement. Recognition of revenue on bill and hold arrangements occurs when control transfers to the customer. Our policy requires the reason for the bill and hold arrangement to be substantive, and the product to be separately identified as belonging to the customer, ready for physical transfer, and unavailable to be used or directed to another customer.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for the transfer of products. Sales and other taxes collected concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Warranty related costs are recognized as an expense at the time products are sold and a reserve is established. Depending on the terms of the arrangement, for certain contracts the Company may defer the recognition of a portion of the consideration received because a future obligation has not yet been satisfied, such as an extended service contract. An observable price is used to determine the stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations or a cost plus margin approach is utilized when one is not available.

Shipping and Handling Fees and Cost

Shipping and Handling Fees and Cost

The Company records revenues earned for shipping and handling as revenue, while the cost of shipping and handling is classified as cost of operations.

Research and Development

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and included in cost of operations and to a lesser extent in selling, general and administrative expenses. Research and development costs amounted to $4,030, $3,564 and $4,718 for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency for the Company’s foreign operations is the applicable local currency. The translation from the applicable foreign currencies to U.S. dollars is performed for balance sheet accounts using current exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, historical rates for equity and the weighted average exchange rate during the period for revenue and expense accounts. Foreign currency translation adjustments resulting from such translations are included in shareholders’ equity. Intercompany transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are remeasured into the functional currency. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in other (income) expense, net in our consolidated statements of income.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Standards

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805).  The update provides guidance on how to measure and recognize contract assets and contract liabilities when purchased as part of a business combination.  According to the guidance, the acquirer must follow ASC Topic 606 in accounting for the contract asset or contract liability being purchased.  The amendments in the update will be effective for financial statements beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company will apply the amendments prospectively.  The adoption of this update will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). The update will require entities with financing receivables to disclose gross write-offs by year of origination of the receivable. The amendments in the update will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and will be applied prospectively. The adoption of this update will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently Adopted Standards

During the first quarter of 2021, the Company adopted ASU 2019-12 Income Taxes (Topic 740), which among other things requires the Company to recognize franchise tax that is partially based on income as an income-based tax. The Company applied the amendments in the update on a modified retrospective basis, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

During the first quarter of 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832), which requires certain disclosures about transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy. The amendments require disclosure of information about the nature of the transactions and the related accounting policy used to account for the transactions, information regarding the line items within the consolidated financial statements that are affected by the transactions, and significant terms and conditions of the transactions. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.