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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

Smith-Midland Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries (the “Company”) develop, manufacture, license, sell and install precast concrete products for the construction, transportation and utilities industries in the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, and Midwestern regions of the United States.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Smith-Midland Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries.  The Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries consist of Smith-Midland Corporation, a Virginia corporation, Smith-Carolina Corporation, a North Carolina corporation, Easi-Set Industries, Inc., a Virginia corporation, Concrete Safety Systems, Inc., a Virginia corporation, and Midland Advertising and Design, Inc., doing business as Midland Advertising + Design, a Virginia corporation.  All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all unrestricted cash and money market accounts purchased with an original maturity of three months or less as cash and cash equivalents.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, or market.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost. Expenditures for ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to income as incurred. Costs of betterments, renewals, and major replacements are capitalized. At the time properties are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and allowance for depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss on disposition is reflected in income.

Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

 
 
Years
 
Buildings
 
 
10-33
 
Trucks and automotive equipment
 
 
3-10
 
Shop machinery and equipment
 
 
3-10
 
Land improvements
 
 
10-15
 
Office equipment
 
 
3-10
 


Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

As of December 31, 2012, the Company has not identified any unrecognized tax positions.  The Company files tax returns in the in the U.S. Federal and various state jurisdictions.  The Company is no longer subject to U.S. or state tax examinations for the years prior to 2010.  The Company does not believe there will be any material changes in unrecognized tax positions over the next twelve months.

Stock Options

Stock based compensation is measured based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant and the corresponding expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. The fair value of each stock option is estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model based on certain assumptions including expected term, risk-free interest rate, stock price volatility and dividend yield.  The assumption for expected term is based on evaluations of historical and expected future employee exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rates at the date of grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term at the grant date. The historical volatility of the Company’s stock is used as the basis for the volatility assumption. See Note 6 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to stock based compensation.  There have been no option grants since 2008.  Substantially all options become vested and exercisable ratably over a three-year period.

Revenue Recognition

The Company primarily recognizes revenue on the sale of its standard precast concrete products at shipment date, including revenue derived from any projects to be completed under short-term contracts.  Installation of the Company’s standard products is typically performed by the customer; however, in some circumstances, the Company will install certain products which are accomplished at the time of delivery.  The installation activities are usually completed the day of delivery or the following day.  In utility building sales, the majority of the buildings are erected on the Company’s site and delivered completely installed.

Leasing fees are paid at the beginning of the lease agreement and recorded to a deferred revenue account.  As the revenue is earned each month during the contract, the amount earned is recorded as lease income and an equivalent amount is debited to deferred revenue.

Royalties are recognized as revenue as they are earned.  The Company licenses certain other precast companies to produce its licensed products to our engineering specifications under licensing agreements.  The agreements are typically for five year terms and require royalty payments from 4% to 6% which are paid on a monthly basis.  The revenue from licensing agreements are recognized in the month earned.

Certain sales of Soundwall, architectural precast panels and Slenderwall™ concrete products revenue is recognized using the percentage of completion method for recording revenues on long term contracts under ASC 605-35.  The contracts are executed by both parties and clearly stipulate the requirements for progress payments and a schedule of delivery dates.  Provisions for estimated losses on contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined.

Shipping revenues are recognized in the period the shipping services are provided to the customer.

Smith-Midland products are typically sold pursuant to an implicit warranty as to merchantability only.  Warranty claims are reviewed and resolved on a case by case method.  Although the Company does incur costs for these types of expense, historically the amount of expense is immaterial.

Shipping and Handling

Amounts billed to customers are recorded in sales and the costs associated with the shipping and handling are recorded as cost of goods sold.

Sales and Use Taxes

Use taxes on construction materials are reported gross in general and administrative expense.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company sells products to highway contractors operating under government funded highway programs and other customers and extends credit based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition, generally without requiring collateral. Exposure to losses on receivables is principally dependent on each customer’s financial condition. The Company monitors its exposure to credit losses and maintains allowances for anticipated losses. Management reviews accounts receivable on a weekly basis to determine the probability of collection. Any accounts receivable that are deemed to be uncollectible along with a general reserve, which is calculated based upon the aging category of the receivable, is included in the overall allowance for doubtful accounts. Management believes the allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2012 is adequate.  However, actual write-offs may exceed the recorded allowance.  Due to inclement weather, the Company may experience reduced revenues from December through February and may realize the substantial part of its revenues during the other months of the year.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value for each of the Company’s financial instruments (consisting of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable and short-term line of credit) approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments. The estimated fair value of the long-term debt approximates carrying value based on current rates offered to the Company for debt of the similar maturities.

Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain minor reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $404,000 and $346,000 in 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Earnings (loss) per share are based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock and dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding.  Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in earnings of an entity.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews the carrying values of its long-lived and identifiable intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable based on undiscounted estimated future operating cash flows.  When any such impairment exists, the related assets will be written down to fair value.  No impairment losses have been recorded through December 31, 2012.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events after the balance sheet date through the date these financial statements were issued and did not note any events that would require disclosure or adjustment.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued new accounting guidance regarding the presentation of comprehensive income. The new guidance requires the presentation of items of net income and comprehensive income in either a single continuous financial statement or in two separate but consecutive financial statements. This accounting guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2011, the FASB issued new accounting guidance regarding additional disclosures for financial instruments that are offset including the gross amount of the asset and liability as well as the impact of any net amount presented in the consolidated financial statements. These provisions are effective for fiscal and interim periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. The impact of adoption is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.