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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

14. Income Taxes

For interim income tax reporting, the Company estimates its annual effective tax rate and applies it to fiscal year-to-date pretax (loss) income, excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items. Tax jurisdictions with losses for which tax benefits cannot be realized are excluded. The Company recorded income tax expense of ($0.2) million and income tax benefit of $0.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The effective income tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the favorable impacts of the U.S. federal research and development tax credits in both periods, stock award activity in both periods, and operating results of our Irish subsidiary, where tax benefit is offset by a valuation allowance. The Company recognized discrete tax benefits related to stock-based compensation awards vested, expired, cancelled and exercised of less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million in the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate was $3.1 million and $2.7 million as of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020, respectively. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in the income tax (provision) benefit.

The Company files income tax returns, including returns for its subsidiaries, in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state jurisdictions as well as several non-U.S. jurisdictions. Uncertain tax positions are related to tax years that remain subject to examination. U.S. income tax returns for years prior to fiscal 2017 are no longer subject to examination by federal tax authorities. For tax returns for state and local jurisdictions, the Company is no longer subject to examination for tax years generally before fiscal 2009. For tax returns for non-U.S. jurisdictions, the Company is no longer subject to income tax examination for years prior to 2014. Additionally, the Company has been indemnified of liability for any taxes relating to Creagh Medical and NorMedix for periods prior to their respective acquisition dates, pursuant to the terms of the related share purchase agreements. There were no undistributed earnings in foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020.