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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Schedule of Stockholders' Equity Note, Warrants or Rights
As of September 30, 2020, we had the following outstanding non-tradeable, registered warrants to purchase shares of common stock:

Number of Underlying SharesExercise PriceExpiration
Investor Warrants497,472$3.3700January 13, 2025
Placement Agent Warrants41,680
$4.9940
January 13, 2025
539,152
Summary of stock-based compensation expense
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):

Three months ended
September 30,		Nine months ended
September 30,
2020201920202019
Cost of sales$1 $1 $2 $8 
Product development3 2 5 24 
Selling, general, and administrative31 31 89 525 
Total stock-based compensation$35 $34 $96 $557 
Schedule of valuation assumptions Estimates utilized in the calculation include the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected volatility, and are further detailed below.
Nine months ended
September 30,
20202019
Fair value of options issued$2.00 $1.60 
Exercise price$2.61 $2.10 
Expected life of options (in years)6.26.3
Risk-free interest rate0.7 %1.9 %
Expected volatility93.5 %90.0 %
Dividend yield0.0 %0.0 %
*Options have been restated for the 1-for-5 reverse stock split effective June 11, 2020.
Summary of option activity
A summary of option activity under all outstanding stock incentive plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is presented as follows:

Number of
Options*		Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share		Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2019155,031 $5.23 
Granted110,800 2.61 
Canceled/forfeited(30,774)7.14 
Balance at September 30, 2020235,057 $3.74 8.9
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2020185,427 $4.04 8.8
Exercisable at September 30, 202040,577 $9.91 7.5
*Options have been restated for the 1-for-5 reverse stock split effective June 11, 2020.
Summary of restricted stock activity
A summary of restricted stock unit activity under all outstanding stock incentive plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is presented as follows:
Restricted
Stock Units*		Weighted
Average
Grant
Date
Fair Value		Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 20196,603 $13.17 
Granted19,200 2.44 
Vested(20,068)3.96 
Canceled/forfeited(1,255)12.40 
Balance at September 30, 20204,480 $8.64 7.3
*Restricted stock units have been restated for the 1-for-5 reverse stock split effective June 11, 2020.