10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period endedMarch 31, 2018

OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from_____________to_____________

Commissionfile number 001-36583

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)  

Delaware	94-3021850
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
32000 Aurora Road, Suite B, Solon, OH
(Address of principal executive offices)
44139
(Zip Code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (440) 715-1300
None
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, If Changed Since Last Report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ (do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company ☑
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐    No ☑

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, as of April 27, 2018 was 11,936,096.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
			Page
ITEM 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
	a.	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (Unaudited)	4
	b.	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)	5
	c.	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)	6
	d.	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (Unaudited)	7
	e.	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)	8
	f.	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	9
ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS		18
ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES		25
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS		26
ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS		26
	SIGNATURES		27
	EXHIBIT INDEX		28

1

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Forward-looking statements

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “Energy Focus,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company,” or “the Company” refer to Energy Focus, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiary, and their respective predecessor entities for the applicable periods, considered as a single enterprise.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) includes statements that express our opinions, expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or projections regarding future events or future results and therefore are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “feels,” “seeks,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could” or “would” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts. They appear in a number of places throughout this Quarterly Report and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, strategies, capital expenditures, and the industry in which we operate.

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. Although we base these forward-looking statements on assumptions that we believe are reasonable when made, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry developments may differ materially from statements made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and industry developments are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.

We believe that important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties outlined under “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report and other matters described in this Quarterly Report generally. Some of these factors include:

• our history of operating losses and our ability to generate sufficient cash from operations or receive sufficient financing, on acceptable terms, to continue our operations;

• our reliance on a limited number of customers, in particular our historical sales of products for the U.S. Navy, for a significant portion of our revenue, and our ability to maintain or grow such sales levels;

• the entrance of new competitors in our target markets;

• general economic conditions in the United States and in other markets in which we operate or secure products;

• our ability to implement and manage our growth plans to increase sales and control expenses;

• our ability to increase demand in our targeted markets and to manage sales cycles that are difficult to predict and may span several quarters;

• the timing of large customer orders and significant expenses, and fluctuations between demand and capacity, as we invest in growth opportunities;

• our dependence on military maritime customers and on the levels of government funding available to such customers, as well as the funding resources of our other customers in the public sector and commercial markets;

• market acceptance of LED lighting technology;

• our ability to respond to new lighting technologies and market trends, and fulfill our warranty obligations with safe and reliable products;

• any delays we may encounter in making new products available or fulfilling customer specifications;

• our ability to compete effectively against companies with greater resources, lower cost structures, or more rapid development efforts;

• our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and other confidential information, and manage infringement claims by others;

• the impact of any type of legal inquiry, claim, or dispute;

2

• our reliance on a limited number of third-party suppliers, our ability to obtain critical components and finished products from such suppliers on acceptable terms, and the impact of our fluctuating demand on the stability of such suppliers;

• our ability to timely and efficiently transport products from our third-party suppliers to our facility by ocean marine channels;

• our ability to successfully scale our network of sales representatives, agents, and distributors to match the sales reach of larger, established competitors;

• any flaws or defects in our products or in the manner in which they are used or installed;

• our compliance with government contracting laws and regulations, through both direct and indirect sale channels, as well as other laws, such as those relating to the environment and health and safety;

• risks inherent in international markets, such as economic and political uncertainty, changing regulatory and tax requirements and currency fluctuations;

• our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, and to do so in a timely manner; and

• our ability to maintain effective internal controls and otherwise comply with our obligations as a public company.

In light of the foregoing, we caution you not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement that we make in this Quarterly Report speaks only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or to publicly announce the results of any revision to any of those statements to reflect future events or developments. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless specifically expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.

Energy Focus® is our registered trademark. We may also refer to trademarks of other corporations and organizations in this document.

3

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands,except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,172		$	10,761
Trade accounts receivable, less allowances of $20 and $42, respectively	3,551			3,595
Inventories, net	5,608			5,718
Prepaid and other current assets	886			596
Assets held for sale	—			225
Total current assets	20,217			20,895
Property and equipment, net	1,004			1,097
Other assets	144			159
Total assets	$	21,365		$	22,151
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,076		$	1,630
Accrued liabilities	145			130
Accrued payroll and related benefits	440			394
Accrued sales commissions	178			124
Accrued restructuring	91			170
Accrued warranty reserve	141			174
Deferred revenue	27			5
Total current liabilities	4,098			2,627
Other liabilities	201			232
Total liabilities	4,299			2,859
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share:
Authorized: 2,000,000 shares in 2018 and 2017
Issued and outstanding: no shares in 2018 and 2017	—			—
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share:
Authorized: 30,000,000 shares in 2018 and 2017
Issued and outstanding: 11,931,237 at March 31, 2018 and 11,868,896 at December 31, 2017	1			1
Additional paid-in capital	127,656			127,493
Accumulated other comprehensive income	3			2
Accumulated deficit	(110,594		)	(108,204		)
Total stockholders' equity	17,066			19,292
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	21,365		$	22,151

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Net sales	$	4,659		$	4,106
Cost of sales	3,843			3,545
Gross profit	816			561
Operating expenses:
Product development	629			771
Selling, general, and administrative	2,647			3,631
Restructuring	(50		)	674
Total operating expenses	3,226			5,076
Loss from operations	(2,410		)	(4,515		)
Other expenses (income):
Interest expense	1			—
Other (income) expense	(21		)	7
Loss from operations before income taxes	(2,390		)	(4,522		)
Provision for income taxes	—			—
Net loss	$	(2,390	)	$	(4,522	)
Net loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.20	)	$	(0.39	)
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	11,900			11,718

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Net loss	$	(2,390	)	$	(4,522	)
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	1			5
Comprehensive loss	$	(2,389	)	$	(4,517	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 

6

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares		Amount
Balance at December 31, 2017	11,869		$	1	$	127,493		$	2	$	(108,204	)	$	19,292
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans	74												—
Common stock withheld in lieu of income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units	(12	)			(32		)						(32		)
Stock-based compensation					195								195
Foreign currency translation adjustment								1					1
Net loss from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018										(2,390		)	(2,390		)
Balance at March 31, 2018	11,931		$	1	$	127,656		$	3	$	(110,594	)	$	17,066

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OFCASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(2,390	)	$	(4,522	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	151			177
Stock-based compensation	195			207
Stock-based compensation reversal	—			(269		)
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable	(22		)	—
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories and valuation reserves	(487		)	162
Provision for warranties	(33		)	13
(Gain) loss on dispositions of property and equipment	(19		)	8
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts Receivable	66			3,054
Inventories	597			866
Prepaid and other assets	(274		)	(114		)
Accounts payable	1,398			(1,649		)
Accrued and other liabilities	53			248
Deferred revenue	22			174
Total adjustments	1,647			2,877
Net cash used in operating activities	(743		)	(1,645		)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of property and equipment	(57		)	(29		)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	244			—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	187			(29		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercises of stock options and employee stock purchase plan purchases	—			77
Common stock withheld to satisfy income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units	(32		)	(47		)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(32		)	30
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(1		)	(15		)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(589		)	(1,659		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	10,761			16,629
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	10,172		$	14,970
Classification of cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,830		$	14,628
Restricted cash held	$	342		$	342
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	10,172		$	14,970

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2018

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1. NATURE OFOPERATIONS

Energy Focus, Inc. and its subsidiary engage in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of energy-efficient lighting systems. We operate in a single industry segment, developing and selling our energy-efficient light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting products into the general commercial, industrial and military maritime markets. Our goal is to become a trusted leader in the LED lighting retrofit market by replacing fluorescent lamps in institutional buildings and high-intensity discharge (“HID”) lighting in low-bay and high-bay applications with our innovative, high-quality commercial and military tubular LED (“TLED”) and other LED products.

Product development is a key focus for us. Our product development teams, including our teams located in our Solon, Ohio headquarters and at our product development center in Taipei, Taiwan, are dedicated to developing and designing leading-edge technology LED lighting products.

NOTE 2.BASIS OF PRESENTATION ANDSUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary Energy Focus Europe, Ltd. located in the United Kingdom, which is not active. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in the accompanying financial statements and Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements relates to our continuing operations.

We have prepared the accompanying financial data for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The accompanying financial data and information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Annual Report”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact us in the future, actual results may vary from the estimates. Estimates include, but are not limited to, the establishment of reserves for accounts receivable, sales returns, inventory obsolescence and warranty claims; the useful lives of property and equipment; valuation allowance for net deferred taxes; the cost and offsetting income related to subleased property; and stock-based compensation. In addition, estimates and assumptions associated with the determination of the fair value of financial instruments and evaluation of long-lived assets for

9

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2018

(Unaudited)

impairment requires considerable judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material.

Certain risks and concentrations

We have certain customers whose net sales individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net sales, or whose net trade accounts receivable balance individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net trade accounts receivable, as follows:

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, a regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in California accounted for approximately 10 percent of net sales. In addition, our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy, accounted for approximately 46 percent of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2018. When combined with sales to a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy, sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 50 percent of net sales for the same period. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy accounted for approximately 14 percent of net sales and a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy accounted for approximately 10 percent of net sales, and together sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 24 percent of net sales. In addition, sales to a global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 22 percent of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

Our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy, the regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in California, and the global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 47 percent, 13 percent, and 10 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively, at March 31, 2018. At December 31, 2017, our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy, the global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio, and a regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in Texas accounted for approximately 39 percent, 21 percent, and 17 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which significantly changes the accounting for credit losses on instruments within its scope. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain financial instruments, including trade receivables, and requires an entity to recognize an allowance based on its estimate of expected credit losses rather than incurred losses. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and will generally require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which supersedes the current lease accounting requirements. This standard requires a lessee to record on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. In addition, this standard requires lessees to disclose certain key information about lease transactions. Upon implementation, an entity’s lease payment obligations will be recognized at their estimated present value along with a corresponding right-of-use asset. Lease expense recognition will be generally consistent with current practice. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and will require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

Update to significant accounting policies

Revenue

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as amended by subsequently issued additional guidance (together, “ASC 606”) using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations, as our revenue arrangements generally consist of a single performance obligation to transfer promised goods at a fixed price.

10

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2018

(Unaudited)

Net sales include revenues from sales of products and shipping and handling charges, net of estimates for product returns. Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration we expect to received in exchange for the transferred products. We recognize revenue at the point in time when we transfer the promised products to the customer and the customer obtains control over the products. We recognize revenue for shipping and handling charges at the time the goods are shipped to the customer, and the costs of outbound freight are included in cost of sales, as we have elected the practical expedient included in ASC 606. We provide for product returns based on historical return rates. While we incur costs for sales commissions to our sales employees and outside agents, we recognize commission costs concurrent with the related revenue, as the amortization period is less than one year and we have elected the practical expedient included in ASC 606. We do not incur incremental costs to obtain contracts with our customers. Our product warranties are assurance-type warranties, which promise the customer that the products are as specified in the contract. Therefore, the product warranties are not a separate performance obligation and are accounted for as described below. Sales taxes assessed by governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are excluded from net sales.

The following table provides a disaggregation of product net sales for the periods presented:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Net sales:
Commercial	$	2,205	$	3,079
Military maritime	2,454		1,027
Total net sales	$	4,659	$	4,106

Accounts Receivable

Our trade accounts receivable consists of amounts billed to and currently due from customers. Credit is extended to customers based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and the amounts due are stated at their estimated net realizable value. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable to provide for the estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The allowance is based on an assessment of customer creditworthiness and historical payment experience, the age of outstanding receivables, and performance guarantees to the extent applicable. Past due amounts are written off when our internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful. Our standard payment terms with customers are net 30 days, and we do not generally offer extended payment terms to our customers. Accordingly, we do not adjust trade accounts receivable for the effects of financing, as we expect the period between the transfer of product to the customer and the receipt of payment from the customer to be in line with our standard payment terms.

There have been no other material changes to our significant accounting policies, as compared to those described in our 2017 Annual Report.

Geographic information

Approximately 98 percent of our long-lived fixed assets are located in the United States, with the remainder located in our product development center in Taiwan. Net sales attributable to customers outside the United States accounted for approximately one percent and two percent of our total net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The geographic location of our net sales is derived from the destination to which we ship the product.

Net loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted loss per share

11

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2018

(Unaudited)

gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares consist of incremental shares upon the exercise of stock options or release of restricted stock units unless the effect would be anti-dilutive.

As a result of the net loss we incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, approximately 90 thousand and 137 thousand potentially dilutive equity awards respectively, were excluded from the net loss per share calculation, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Therefore, for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the basic weighted average shares outstanding were used in calculating diluted loss per share.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted net loss per share computations for the periods presented below (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(2,390	)	$	(4,522	)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	11,900			11,718
Potential common shares from equity awards and warrants	—			—
Diluted weighted average shares	11,900			11,718

Product warranties

Through March 31, 2016, we warranted finished goods against defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for periods generally between one and five years. Beginning April 1, 2016, we warrant our commercial LED tubes, globes, and troffer luminaires for a period of ten years. Warranty settlement costs consist of actual amounts expensed for warranty, which are largely a result of the cost of replacement products provided to our customers. A liability for the estimated future costs under product warranties is maintained for products outstanding under warranty based on the actual claims incurred to date and the estimated nature, frequency, and costs of future claims. These estimates are inherently uncertain and changes to our historical or projected experience may cause material changes to our warranty reserves in the future. We continuously review the assumptions related to the adequacy of our warranty reserve, including product failure rates, and make adjustments to the existing warranty liability when there are changes to these estimates or the underlying replacement product costs, or the warranty period expires. Extending the warranty did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements in 2017 or for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The following table summarizes warranty activity for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	174		$	331
Warranty accruals for current period sales	8			13
Adjustments to existing warranties	(1		)	(50		)
In kind settlements made during the period	(40		)	(36		)
Accrued warranty reserve	$	141		$	258

12

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2018

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3. RESTRUCTURING

During the first quarter of 2017, we announced a restructuring initiative with a goal of significantly reducing annual operating costs from 2016 levels. The initiative included an organizational consolidation of management and oversight functions in order to streamline and better align the organization into more focused, efficient, and cost effective reporting relationships, and involved headcount reductions and office closures. This initiative was designed to return the Company to profitability and mitigate the substantial doubt that existed at December 31, 2016 about our ability to continue as a going concern. For additional information regarding the restructuring actions taken in the 2017, please refer to Note 3., “Restructuring,” included under Item 8 of our 2017 Annual Report.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 we recorded net restructuring credits totaling approximately $50 thousand, primarily related to the revision of our initial estimates of the cost for the remaining lease obligation for our former Arlington, Virginia office.

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, we recorded restructuring charges totaling approximately $0.7 million, consisting of approximately $0.6 million in severance and related benefits, $19 thousand in facilities costs related to the termination of the Rochester, Minnesota lease obligation, and $11 thousand in other restructuring costs.

Our restructuring liabilities consist of one-time termination costs for severance and benefits to former employees and estimated ongoing costs related to long-term operating lease obligations. The recorded value of the termination severance and benefits to employees approximates fair value, as the remaining obligation is based on the arrangements made with the former employees, and these obligations will be completely satisfied in less than 12 months. The recorded value of the ongoing lease obligations is based on the remaining lease term and payment amount, net of estimated sublease income, discounted to present value. Changes in subsequent periods resulting from a revision to either the timing or the amount of estimated cash flows over the future period are measured using the credit adjusted, risk-free rate that was used to measure the restructuring liabilities initially. We expect to incur insignificant additional costs over the remaining life of our lease obligations, but we do not anticipate further major restructuring activities in the near future. The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our restructuring liability:

	Severance and Related Benefits			Facilities			Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	62		$	340		$	402
Additions	—			—			—
Accretion of lease obligations	—			6			6
Adjustment of lease obligations	—			(56		)	(56		)
Payments	(62		)	(6		)	(68		)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	—		$	284		$	284

While the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern continued to exist at March 31, 2018, we had $10.2 million in cash and no debt obligations at the end of the quarter. In addition, the restructuring actions taken in 2017 resulted in a decrease in total operating expenses, including restructuring charges, of approximately $1.9 million in the first quarter of 2018 compared to the first quarter of 2017, and the lowest consumption of cash since the second quarter of 2015. Since the inception of our restructuring actions, we have achieved total operating cost reductions, including restructuring and asset impairment charges, of approximately $10.7 million compared to the same prior year period. Consequently, considering both quantitative and qualitative information, we continue to believe that the combination of our restructuring actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, executive reorganization, and implementation of our sales channel strategy will return us to profitability in 2019 and effectively mitigates the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

13

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2018

(Unaudited)

NOTE 4. INVENTORIES

Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost (which approximates actual cost determined using the first-in, first-out cost method) or net realizable value, and consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Raw materials	$	2,672		$	3,316
Finished goods	6,645			6,598
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow moving inventories and valuation reserves	$	(3,709	)	$	(4,196	)
Inventories, net	$	5,608		$	5,718

NOTE5.PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets and consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Equipment (useful life 3 to 15 years)	$	1,577		$	1,557
Tooling (useful life 2 to 5 years)	371			371
Vehicles (useful life 5 years)	47			47
Furniture and fixtures (useful life 5 years)	137			137
Computer software (useful life 3 years)	1,043			1,043
Leasehold improvements (the shorter of useful life or lease life)	210			201
Projects in progress	84			55
Property and equipment at cost	3,469			3,411
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,465		)	(2,314		)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,004		$	1,097

Depreciation expense was $0.2 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

As of March 31, 2018, we completed the sale of the equipment that we previously classified as held for sale. We received net proceeds from the sale of $0.2 million and recognized a gain on the sale of approximately $18 thousand. The gain on the sale is classified on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations under the caption, “Other (income) expense.”

NOTE 6. INCOME TAXES

As a result of the operating loss incurred during each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and after the application of the annual limitation set forth under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), it was not necessary to record a provision for U.S. federal income tax or various states income taxes.The expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2017 represents the adjustment of the 2016 provision to the actual tax on the 2016 returns.

At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had a full valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance was recorded due to uncertainties related to our ability to realize the deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of certain net operating loss carry-forwards. The valuation allowance is based on management’s estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction and the periods over which the deferred tax assets will be recoverable.

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ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2018

(Unaudited)

At December 31, 2017, we had a net operating loss carry-forward of approximately $91.8 million for U.S. federal, state, and local income tax purposes. However, due to changes in our capital structure, approximately $37.3 million of the net operating loss carry-forward is available to offset future taxable income, and after the application of the limitations found under Section 382 of the IRC, we expect to have approximately $37.3 million of this amount available for use in 2018. If not used, these carry-forwards will begin to expire in 2021 for federal and have begun to expire for state and local purposes. For a full discussion of the estimated restrictions on our utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards, please refer to Note 11, “Income Taxes,” included under Item 8 of our 2017 Annual Report.

NOTE 7.STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is attributable to stock options and restricted stock unit awards. For all stock-based awards, we recognize expense using a straight-line amortization method.

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Cost of sales	$	9	$	18
Product development	25		13
Selling, general, and administrative	161		176
Total stock-based compensation	$	195	$	207

The table above excludes approximately $0.3 million in stock-based compensation expense from prior periods that was reversed and included as a reduction to restructuring expenses due to the workforce reduction associated with our restructuring actions in the first quarter of 2017.

Total unearned stock-based compensation was $1.3 million at March 31, 2018, compared to $1.1 million at March 31, 2017. These costs will be charged to expense and amortized on a straight-line basis in future periods. The weighted average period over which the unearned compensation at March 31, 2018 is expected to be recognized is approximately 2.3 years.

Stock options

The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Estimates utilized in the calculation include the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected volatility, and are further comparatively detailed as follows:

15

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2018

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Fair value of options issued	$	1.74		$	2.79
Exercise price	$	2.46		$	3.71
Expected life of options (in years)	5.8			5.8
Risk-free interest rate	2.3		%	2.1		%
Expected volatility	84.3		%	92.2		%
Dividend yield	0.0		%	0.0		%

A summary of option activity under all plans for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is presented as follows:

	Number of Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2017	248,512		$	5.76
Granted	25,035		2.46
Exercised	—		—
Canceled/forfeited	(20,523	)	10.09
Expired	—		—
Balance at March 31, 2018	253,024		$	5.08	7.8
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2018	232,906		$	5.26	7.6
Exercisable at March 31, 2018	126,505		$	6.95	6.5

Restricted stock units

A summary of restricted stock unit activity under all plans for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is presented as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2017	306,142		$	3.37
Granted	421,514		2.48
Released	(74,655	)	4.10
Canceled/forfeited	(11,571	)	3.80
Balance at March 31, 2018	641,430		$	2.69	2.7

16

ENERGY FOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

March 31, 2018

(Unaudited)

NOTE 8.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We may be the subject of threatened or pending legal actions and contingencies in the normal course of conducting our business. We provide for costs related to these matters when a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The effect of the outcome of these matters on our future results of operations and liquidity cannot be predicted because any such effect depends on future results of operations and the amount or timing of the resolution of such matters. For certain types of claims, we maintain insurance coverage for personal injury and property damage, product liability and other liability coverages in amounts and with deductibles that we believe are prudent, but there can be no assurance that these coverages will be applicable or adequate to cover adverse outcomes of claims or legal proceedings against us.

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ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes thereto, included under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, as well as the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included under Item 7 of our 2017 Annual Report.

Overview

Energy Focus, Inc. and its subsidiary engage in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of energy-efficient lighting systems. We operate in a single industry segment, developing and selling our energy-efficient light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting products into the general commercial, industrial, and military maritime markets. Our goal is to become a leader in the LED lighting retrofit market by replacing fluorescent lamps in general purpose and high-intensity discharge (“HID”) lighting in low-bay and high-bay applications with our innovative, high-quality commercial and military tubular LED (“TLED”) and other LED products.

Net sales, as reported, increased by 13.5 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net sales of our commercial products decreased by 28.4 percent as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017. The sale cycles for our commercial target markets typically span several months and our financial results reflect continued fluctuations in the timing, pace, and size of commercial projects.

Despite the decline in our commercial sales in the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the first quarter of 2017, sales generated by agents increased 29 percent compared to the fourth quarter of 2017. In addition, we have begun to realize increased penetration in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Mid-South and Western regions, where sales grew 174 percent compared to the fourth quarter of 2017.

Our military maritime sales increased 138.9 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017, reflecting the timing and fulfillment of U.S. Navy awards during the first quarter of 2018 and our distributor’s ability to satisfy the first quarter 2017 demand out of its existing inventory.

The restructuring actions taken in 2017 resulted in a decrease in operating expenses, including restructuring credits of $0.1 million in 2018 and restructuring charges of $0.7 million in 2017, of approximately $1.9 million in the first quarter of 2018 over the first quarter of 2017. At March 31, 2018, we had $10.2 million in cash and no debt, and we have achieved total cost reductions, including restructuring and asset impairment charges, of approximately $10.7 million since the inception of our restructuring actions in 2017. We continue to incur losses and have a substantial accumulated deficit, which continued to raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern at March 31, 2018, however, we continue to believe that the combination of our restructuring actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, executive reorganization, and implementation of our sales channel strategy will return us to profitability in 2019 and effectively mitigates this doubt about our going concern status.

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Results of operations

The following table sets forth items in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Net sales	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of sales	82.5		86.3
Gross profit	17.5		13.7
Operating expenses:
Product development	13.5		18.8
Selling, general, and administrative	56.8		88.4
Restructuring	(1.1	)	16.4
Total operating expenses	69.2		123.6
Loss from operations	(51.7	)	(109.9	)
Other expenses (income):
Interest expense	—		—
Other (income) expense	(0.5	)	0.2
Loss from operations before income taxes	(51.2	)	(110.1	)
Provision for income taxes	—		—
Net loss	(51.2	)%	(110.1	)%

Net sales

A further breakdown of our net sales is presented in the following table (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Commercial products	$	2,205	$	3,079
Military maritime products	2,454		1,027
Total net sales	$	4,659	$	4,106

Net sales of $4.7 million for the first quarter of 2018increased13.5 percent compared to the first quarter of 2017 principally due to higher military maritime product sales, partially offset by a decrease in commercial product sales. Net sales of our commercial products decreased28.4 percent compared to the first quarter of 2017, reflecting the timing of our customers’ projects and installation schedules. Net sales of our military maritime products increased138.9 percent, primarily due to the timing and fulfillment of U.S. Navy awards during the first quarter of 2018 and our distributor’s ability to satisfy first quarter 2017 U.S. Navy demand for our products out of its existing inventory.

Gross profit

Gross profit was $0.8 million, or 17.5 percent of net sales, for the first quarter of 2018, compared to $0.6 million, or 13.7 percent of net sales, for the first quarter of 2017. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to improvements in manufacturing variances and efficiencies, partially offset by changes in product mix, principally within our military product sales, as we continue our efforts to liquidate inventory previously identified as excess.

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Operating expenses

Product development

Product development expenses include salaries, contractor and consulting fees, legal fees, supplies and materials, as well as overhead, such as depreciation and facility costs. Product development costs are expensed as they are incurred.

Total gross and net product development spending, including revenues and credits from government contracts, is presented in the following table (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Gross product development expenses	$	629	$	771

Gross product development expenses were $0.6 million for the first quarter of 2018, a $0.1 milliondecrease compared to the first quarter of 2017. The decrease was primarily a result of lower salaries and related benefits and rent expense due to our cost reduction initiatives. In addition, we incurred lower product testing and related expenses and legal fees due to the timing of new product introductions.

Selling, general, andadministrative

Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $2.6 million for the first quarter of 2018, compared to $3.6 million for the first quarter of 2017. The $1.0 million decrease in selling, general, and administrative expenses is the direct result of our restructuring initiatives to reduce operating expenses. The primary drivers of the lower expenses in the first quarter of 2018 were decreases in salaries and related benefits of $0.4 million, trade show and other marketing costs of $0.2 million, and decreases of $0.1 million in each of the following categories: consulting costs, travel and related expenses, and building rent expense.

Restructuring

In the first quarter of 2017, we announced a restructuring initiative with a goal of significantly reducing annual operating costs from 2016 levels. The initiative included an organizational consolidation of management and oversight functions in order to streamline and better align the organization into more focused, efficient, and cost effective reporting relationships, and involved headcount reductions and office closures. This initiative was designed to return the Company to profitability and mitigate the substantial doubt that existed at December 31, 2016 about our ability to continue as a going concern. For additional information regarding the restructuring actions taken in the 2017, please refer to Note 3, “Restructuring,” included under Item 8 of our 2017 Annual Report.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 we recorded net restructuring credits totaling approximately $50 thousand, primarily related to the revision of our initial estimates of the cost for the remaining lease obligation for our former Arlington, Virginia office.

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, we recorded restructuring charges totaling approximately $0.7 million, consisting of approximately $0.6 million in severance and related benefits, $19 thousand in facilities costs related to the termination of the Rochester, Minnesota lease obligation, and $11 thousand in other restructuring costs.

While the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern continued to exist at March 31, 2018, we had $10.2 million in cash and no debt obligations at the end of the quarter. In addition, the restructuring actions taken in 2017 resulted in a decrease in total operating expenses, including restructuring charges, of approximately $1.9 million in the first quarter of 2018 compared to the first quarter of 2017, and the lowest consumption of cash since the second quarter of 2015. Since the inception of our restructuring actions, we have achieved total operating cost reductions, including restructuring and asset impairment charges, of approximately $10.7 million compared to the same prior year period. Consequently, considering both quantitative and qualitative information, we continue to believe that the combination of our restructuring actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, executive reorganization, and implementation of our sales channel strategy will return us to profitability in 2019 and effectively mitigates the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

20

Other income and expenses

Other income was $21 thousand for the first quarter of 2018, compared to other expenses of $7 thousand for the first quarter of 2017. The income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 primarily consisted of the gain on the sale of equipment previously classified as held for sale. The expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 primarily consisted of losses on the disposal of fixed assets partially offset by interest income on our cash balances.

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

Due to the operating losses incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and after application of the annual limitation set forth under Section 382 of the IRC, it was not necessary to record a provision for U.S. federal income tax or various states income taxes.

Net (loss) income

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, our net loss was $2.4 million compared to a net loss of $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Lower net sales and changes in product mix in 2018, principally within our military product sales, as we continue our efforts to liquidate inventory previously identified as excess, as compared to the same prior year period contributed to the difference in operating results.

Financial condition

While we had cash and cash equivalents of $10.2 million at March 31, 2018 and no debt, we have historically incurred substantial losses, and as of March 31, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $110.6 million. Additionally, two customers accounted for approximately 46 percent and 10 percent of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2018, respectively. Three customers accounted for approximately 22 percent, 14 percent, and 10 percent of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017, respectively.

In order for us to operate our business profitably, we will need to continue to develop new technologies into sustainable product lines that allow us to effectively compete to expand our customer base, execute our marketing and sales plans for our energy-efficient LED lighting products, and continue to improve our supply chain and organizational structure. The restructuring and cost cutting initiatives implemented during 2017 were designed to allow us to effectively execute this strategy.

There is a risk that our efforts may not be as successful as we envision, as we focus on expanding our customer base and growing net sales from commercial customers in our targeted vertical markets. Additionally, while we remain dedicated to serving the U.S. Navy, new competition may prevent us from securing sales at our historic levels. If our operations do not achieve, or we experience an unanticipated delay in achieving, our intended level of profitability, we may require additional funding.

We terminated our revolving credit facility effective December 31, 2015, and are not actively pursuing securing a new line of credit at this time. There can be no assurance that we will generate sufficient cash flows to sustain and grow our operations or, if necessary, obtain funding on acceptable terms or in a timely fashion or at all. As such, we may continue to review and pursue selected external funding sources to execute these objectives including, but not limited to, the following:

• obtain financing from traditional or non-traditional investment capital organizations or individuals; and

• obtain funding from the sale of our common stock or other equity or debt instruments.

Obtaining financing through the above-mentioned mechanisms contains risks, including:

• additional equity financing may not be available to us on satisfactory terms and any equity that we are able to issue could lead to dilution of stockholder value for current stockholders;

• loans or other debt instruments may have terms and/or conditions, such as interest rate, restrictive covenants and unfavorable control or revocation provisions or would restrict our growth opportunities; and

• the current environment in capital markets combined with our capital constraints may prevent us from being able to obtain adequate debt financing.

21

If we fail to generate cash to grow our business, we would need to delay or scale back our business plan and further reduce our operating costs or headcount, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, future prospects, and financial condition.

Liquidity andcapitalresources

Cash and cash equivalents

At March 31, 2018, our cash and cash equivalents balance was approximately $10.2 million, compared to approximately $10.8 million at December 31, 2017. The balance at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 included restricted cash of $0.3 million for a letter of credit requirement under a lease obligation.

The following summarizes cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities, as reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(743	)	$	(1,645	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	187		$	(29	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	$	(32	)	$	30

Net cash used in operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and resulted primarily from the net loss incurred of $2.4 million, adjusted for non-cash items, including: depreciation, stock-based compensation, and provisions for inventory and warranty reserves, and working capital changes. In the first quarter of 2018, trade accounts payable increased due to the timing of inventory receipts and payment terms with our vendors. Net cash used in operating activities was $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, and resulted from the net loss incurred of $4.5 million, adjusted for non-cash items, including: depreciation, stock-based compensation, and provisions for inventory and warranty reserves, and working capital changes. In the first quarter of 2017, trade accounts receivable decreased, as we received the cash for shipments made in December 2016. In addition, in the first quarter of 2017, inventory balances decreased, as we sold product on-hand and trade accounts payable were lower, as we paid for purchases made in 2016 and reduced our inventory purchases to coincide with the current level of sales.

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $187 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and resulted primarily from the sale of certain equipment previously classified as held for sale, partially offset by purchases of computer equipment, equipment to support production operations, and leasehold improvements. Net cash used in investing activities was $29 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2017, and resulted primarily from acquisitions of software and equipment to support our production operations.

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities was $32 thousand and $30 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 resulted from issuing and immediately repurchasing our stock for employee tax withholding related to restricted stock unit vesting. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2017 resulted from the proceeds received for the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan purchases, partially offset by the effect of issuing and immediately repurchasing our stock for employee tax withholding related to restricted stock unit vesting.

Contractual obligations

There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations as compared to those included in our 2017 Annual Report.

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Critical accounting policies

Revenue

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as amended by subsequently issued additional guidance (together, “ASC 606”) using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations, as our revenue arrangements generally consist of a single performance obligation to transfer promised goods at a fixed price.

Net sales include revenues from sales of products and shipping and handling charges, net of estimates for product returns. Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration we expect to received in exchange for the transferred products. We recognize revenue at the point in time when we transfer the promised products to the customer and the customer obtains control over the products. We recognize revenue for shipping and handling charges at the time the goods are shipped to the customer, and the costs of outbound freight are included in cost of sales, as we have elected the practical expedient included in ASC 606. We provide for product returns based on historical return rates. While we incur costs for sales commissions to our sales employees and outside agents, we recognize commission costs concurrent with the related revenue, as the amortization period is less than one year and we have elected the practical expedient included in ASC 606. We do not incur incremental costs to obtain contracts with our customers. Our product warranties are assurance-type warranties, which promise the customer that the products are as specified in the contract. Therefore, the product warranties are not a separate performance obligation and are accounted for as described below. Sales taxes assessed by governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are excluded from net sales.

The following table provides a disaggregation of product net sales for the periods presented:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Net sales:
Commercial	$	2,205	$	3,079
Military maritime	2,454		1,027
Total net sales	$	4,659	$	4,106

Accounts Receivable

Our trade accounts receivable consists of amounts billed to and currently due from customers. Credit is extended to customers based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and the amounts due are stated at their estimated net realizable value. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable to provide for the estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The allowance is based on an assessment of customer creditworthiness and historical payment experience, the age of outstanding receivables, and performance guarantees to the extent applicable. Past due amounts are written off when our internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful. Our standard payment terms with customers are net 30 days, and we do not generally offer extended payment terms to our customers. Accordingly, we do not adjust trade accounts receivable for the effects of financing, as we expect the period between the transfer of product to the customer and the receipt of payment from the customer to be in line with our standard payment terms.

There have been no other material changes to our critical accounting policies as compared to those included in our 2017 Annual Report.

Certain risks and concentrations

We had certain customers whose net sales individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net sales, or whose net trade accounts receivable balance individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net trade accounts receivable, as follows:

23

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, a regional lighting retrofit company located in California accounted for approximately 10 percent of net sales. In addition, our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy, accounted for approximately 46 percent of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2018. When combined with sales to a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy, sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 50 percent of net sales for the same period. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy accounted for approximately 14 percent of net sales and a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy, accounted for approximately 10 percent of net sales, and together sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 24 percent of net sales. In addition, sales to a global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 22 percent of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

Our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy, the regional lighting retrofit company located in California, and the global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 47 percent, 13 percent, and 10 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively, at March 31, 2018. At December 31, 2017, our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy, the global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio, and a regional lighting retrofit company located in Texas accounted for approximately 39 percent, 21 percent, and 17 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively.

Recent accounting pronouncements

For information on recent accounting pronouncements, please refer to Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Our disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to meet reasonable assurance standards. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. Any design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, subject to the limitations noted above, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2018.

(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There has been no material change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to our risk factors, as compared to those described in our 2017 Annual Report.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The information required by this Item is set forth on the Exhibit Index that follows the signature page of this report.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

			ENERGY FOCUS, INC.
Date:	May 2, 2018	By:	/s/ Theodore L. Tewksbury III
			Theodore L. Tewksbury III
			Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President

By:	/s/ Michael H. Port
	Michael H. Port
	Chief Financial Officer

27

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description of Documents
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 13, 2013).
3.2	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 16, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2014).
3.3	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Energy Focus, Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 24, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 27, 2015).
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*101	The following financial information from our Quarterly Report for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

* Pursuant to Regulation S-T, this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

28

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Theodore L. Tewksbury III, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Focus, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have;

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Theodore L. Tewksbury III            

Theodore L. Tewksbury III
    Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President

Date: May 2, 2018

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Michael H. Port, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Focus, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have;

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Michael H. Port        

Michael H. Port

Chief Financial Officer

Date: May 2, 2018

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Focus, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018 (the “Report”), I, Theodore L. Tewksbury III, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company and I, Michael H. Port, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(i) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Theodore L. Tewksbury III
Theodore L. Tewksbury III Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President
Date:	May 2, 2018

/s/ Michael H. Port
Michael H. Port Chief Financial Officer
Date:	May 2, 2018

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Energy Focus, Inc. and will be retained by Energy Focus, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Apr. 27, 2018
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	ENERGY FOCUS, INC/DE
Entity Central Index Key	0000924168
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		11,936,096

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 10,172	$ 10,761
Trade accounts receivable, less allowances of $20 and $42, respectively	3,551	3,595
Inventories, net	5,608	5,718
Prepaid and other current assets	886	596
Assets held for sale	0	225
Total current assets	20,217	20,895
Property and equipment, net	1,004	1,097
Other assets	144	159
Total assets	21,365	22,151
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	3,076	1,630
Accrued liabilities	145	130
Accrued payroll and related benefits	440	394
Accrued sales commissions	178	124
Accrued restructuring	91	170
Accrued warranty reserve	141	174
Deferred revenue	27	5
Total current liabilities	4,098	2,627
Other liabilities	201	232
Total liabilities	4,299	2,859
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share: Authorized: 2,000,000 shares in 2017 and 2016, Issued and outstanding: no shares in 2016 and 2015	0	0
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share: Authorized: 30,000,000 shares in 2017 and 2016, Issued and outstanding: 11,690,030 at September 30, 2016 and 11,648,978 at December 31, 2015	1	1
Additional paid-in capital	127,656	127,493
Accumulated other comprehensive income	3	2
Accumulated deficit	(110,594)	(108,204)
Total stockholders' equity	17,066	19,292
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 21,365	$ 22,151

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Trade accounts receivable, allowances	$ 20	$ 42
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	2,000,000	2,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	30,000,000	30,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	11,931,237	11,868,896
Common stock, shares outstanding	11,931,237	11,868,896

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 4,659	$ 4,106
Cost of sales	3,843	3,545
Gross profit	816	561
Operating expenses:
Product development	629	771
Selling, general, and administrative	2,647	3,631
Restructuring	(50)	674
Total operating expenses	3,226	5,076
Loss from operations	(2,410)	(4,515)
Other expenses (income):
Interest expense	1	0
Other (income) expense	(21)	7
Loss from operations before income taxes	(2,390)	(4,522)
Provision for income taxes	0	0
Net loss	$ (2,390)	$ (4,522)
Net loss per share - basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.20)	$ (0.39)
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic and diluted (in shares)	11,900	11,718

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (2,390)	$ (4,522)
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	1	5
Comprehensive loss	$ (2,389)	$ (4,517)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - 3 months ended Mar. 31, 2018 - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Accumulated Deficit
Balance at the beginning of the period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		11,869
Balance at the beginning of the period at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 19,292	$ 1	$ 127,493	$ 2	$ (108,204)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans (in shares)		74
Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and stock purchase plans	0
Common stock withheld in lieu of income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		(12)
Common stock withheld in lieu of income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units	(32)		(32)
Stock-based compensation	195		195
Stock-based compensation reversal	(270)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	1			1
Net loss from continuing operations	(2,390)				(2,390)
Balance at the end of the period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		11,931
Balance at the end of the period at Mar. 31, 2018	$ 17,066	$ 1	$ 127,656	$ 3	$ (110,594)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (2,390)	$ (4,522)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	151	177
Stock-based compensation	195	207
Stock-based compensation reversal	0	(269)
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable	(22)	0
Provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories and valuation reserves	(487)	162
Provision for warranties	(33)	13
(Gain) loss on dispositions of property and equipment	(19)	8
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts Receivable	66	3,054
Inventories	597	866
Prepaid and other assets	(274)	(114)
Accounts payable	1,398	(1,649)
Accrued and other liabilities	53	248
Deferred revenue	22	174
Total adjustments	1,647	2,877
Net cash used in operating activities	(743)	(1,645)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of property and equipment	(57)	(29)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	244	0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	187	(29)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercises of stock options and employee stock purchase plan purchases	0	77
Common stock withheld to satisfy income tax withholding on vesting of restricted stock units	32	47
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(32)	30
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(1)	(15)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(589)	(1,659)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	10,761	16,629
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	10,172	14,970
Classification of cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$ 10,761	$ 16,629

XML

Nature of Operations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Disclosure Text Block [Abstract]

Nature of Operations

NATURE OFOPERATIONS

Energy Focus, Inc. and its subsidiary engage in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and sale of energy-efficient lighting systems. We operate in a single industry segment, developing and selling our energy-efficient light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting products into the general commercial, industrial and military maritime markets. Our goal is to become a trusted leader in the LED lighting retrofit market by replacing fluorescent lamps in institutional buildings and high-intensity discharge (“HID”) lighting in low-bay and high-bay applications with our innovative, high-quality commercial and military tubular LED (“TLED”) and other LED products.

Product development is a key focus for us. Our product development teams, including our teams located in our Solon, Ohio headquarters and at our product development center in Taipei, Taiwan, are dedicated to developing and designing leading-edge technology LED lighting products.

XML

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

BASIS OF PRESENTATION ANDSUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary Energy Focus Europe, Ltd. located in the United Kingdom, which is not active. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in the accompanying financial statements and Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements relates to our continuing operations.

We have prepared the accompanying financial data for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The accompanying financial data and information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Annual Report”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact us in the future, actual results may vary from the estimates. Estimates include, but are not limited to, the establishment of reserves for accounts receivable, sales returns, inventory obsolescence and warranty claims; the useful lives of property and equipment; valuation allowance for net deferred taxes; the cost and offsetting income related to subleased property; and stock-based compensation. In addition, estimates and assumptions associated with the determination of the fair value of financial instruments and evaluation of long-lived assets for impairment requires considerable judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material.

Certain risks and concentrations

We have certain customers whose net sales individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net sales, or whose net trade accounts receivable balance individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net trade accounts receivable, as follows:

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, a regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in California accounted for approximately 10 percent of net sales. In addition, our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy, accounted for approximately 46 percent of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2018. When combined with sales to a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy, sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 50 percent of net sales for the same period. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy accounted for approximately 14 percent of net sales and a shipbuilder for the U.S. Navy accounted for approximately 10 percent of net sales, and together sales of products for the U.S. Navy comprised approximately 24 percent of net sales. In addition, sales to a global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 22 percent of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

Our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy, the regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in California, and the global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio accounted for approximately 47 percent, 13 percent, and 10 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively, at March 31, 2018. At December 31, 2017, our primary distributor for the U.S. Navy, the global healthcare system located in Northeast Ohio, and a regional commercial lighting retrofit company located in Texas accounted for approximately 39 percent, 21 percent, and 17 percent of net trade accounts receivable, respectively.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which significantly changes the accounting for credit losses on instruments within its scope. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain financial instruments, including trade receivables, and requires an entity to recognize an allowance based on its estimate of expected credit losses rather than incurred losses. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and will generally require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which supersedes the current lease accounting requirements. This standard requires a lessee to record on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. In addition, this standard requires lessees to disclose certain key information about lease transactions. Upon implementation, an entity’s lease payment obligations will be recognized at their estimated present value along with a corresponding right-of-use asset. Lease expense recognition will be generally consistent with current practice. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and will require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

Update to significant accounting policies

Revenue

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as amended by subsequently issued additional guidance (together, “ASC 606”) using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations, as our revenue arrangements generally consist of a single performance obligation to transfer promised goods at a fixed price.

Net sales include revenues from sales of products and shipping and handling charges, net of estimates for product returns. Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration we expect to received in exchange for the transferred products. We recognize revenue at the point in time when we transfer the promised products to the customer and the customer obtains control over the products. We recognize revenue for shipping and handling charges at the time the goods are shipped to the customer, and the costs of outbound freight are included in cost of sales, as we have elected the practical expedient included in ASC 606. We provide for product returns based on historical return rates. While we incur costs for sales commissions to our sales employees and outside agents, we recognize commission costs concurrent with the related revenue, as the amortization period is less than one year and we have elected the practical expedient included in ASC 606. We do not incur incremental costs to obtain contracts with our customers. Our product warranties are assurance-type warranties, which promise the customer that the products are as specified in the contract. Therefore, the product warranties are not a separate performance obligation and are accounted for as described below. Sales taxes assessed by governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are excluded from net sales.

The following table provides a disaggregation of product net sales for the periods presented:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Net sales:
Commercial	$	2,205	$	3,079
Military maritime	2,454		1,027
Total net sales	$	4,659	$	4,106

Accounts Receivable

Our trade accounts receivable consists of amounts billed to and currently due from customers. Credit is extended to customers based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and the amounts due are stated at their estimated net realizable value. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable to provide for the estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The allowance is based on an assessment of customer creditworthiness and historical payment experience, the age of outstanding receivables, and performance guarantees to the extent applicable. Past due amounts are written off when our internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful. Our standard payment terms with customers are net 30 days, and we do not generally offer extended payment terms to our customers. Accordingly, we do not adjust trade accounts receivable for the effects of financing, as we expect the period between the transfer of product to the customer and the receipt of payment from the customer to be in line with our standard payment terms.

There have been no other material changes to our significant accounting policies, as compared to those described in our 2017 Annual Report.

Geographic information

Approximately 98 percent of our long-lived fixed assets are located in the United States, with the remainder located in our product development center in Taiwan. Net sales attributable to customers outside the United States accounted for approximately one percent and two percent of our total net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The geographic location of our net sales is derived from the destination to which we ship the product.

Net loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares consist of incremental shares upon the exercise of stock options or release of restricted stock units unless the effect would be anti-dilutive.

As a result of the net loss we incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, approximately 90 thousand and 137 thousand potentially dilutive equity awards respectively, were excluded from the net loss per share calculation, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Therefore, for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the basic weighted average shares outstanding were used in calculating diluted loss per share.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted net loss per share computations for the periods presented below (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(2,390	)	$	(4,522	)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	11,900			11,718
Potential common shares from equity awards and warrants	—			—
Diluted weighted average shares	11,900			11,718

Product warranties

Through March 31, 2016, we warranted finished goods against defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for periods generally between one and five years. Beginning April 1, 2016, we warrant our commercial LED tubes, globes, and troffer luminaires for a period of ten years. Warranty settlement costs consist of actual amounts expensed for warranty, which are largely a result of the cost of replacement products provided to our customers. A liability for the estimated future costs under product warranties is maintained for products outstanding under warranty based on the actual claims incurred to date and the estimated nature, frequency, and costs of future claims. These estimates are inherently uncertain and changes to our historical or projected experience may cause material changes to our warranty reserves in the future. We continuously review the assumptions related to the adequacy of our warranty reserve, including product failure rates, and make adjustments to the existing warranty liability when there are changes to these estimates or the underlying replacement product costs, or the warranty period expires. Extending the warranty did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements in 2017 or for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The following table summarizes warranty activity for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	174		$	331
Warranty accruals for current period sales	8			13
Adjustments to existing warranties	(1		)	(50		)
In kind settlements made during the period	(40		)	(36		)
Accrued warranty reserve	$	141		$	258

XML

Restructuring

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring

RESTRUCTURING

During the first quarter of 2017, we announced a restructuring initiative with a goal of significantly reducing annual operating costs from 2016 levels. The initiative included an organizational consolidation of management and oversight functions in order to streamline and better align the organization into more focused, efficient, and cost effective reporting relationships, and involved headcount reductions and office closures. This initiative was designed to return the Company to profitability and mitigate the substantial doubt that existed at December 31, 2016 about our ability to continue as a going concern. For additional information regarding the restructuring actions taken in the 2017, please refer to Note 3., “Restructuring,” included under Item 8 of our 2017 Annual Report.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 we recorded net restructuring credits totaling approximately $50 thousand, primarily related to the revision of our initial estimates of the cost for the remaining lease obligation for our former Arlington, Virginia office.

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, we recorded restructuring charges totaling approximately $0.7 million, consisting of approximately $0.6 million in severance and related benefits, $19 thousand in facilities costs related to the termination of the Rochester, Minnesota lease obligation, and $11 thousand in other restructuring costs.

Our restructuring liabilities consist of one-time termination costs for severance and benefits to former employees and estimated ongoing costs related to long-term operating lease obligations. The recorded value of the termination severance and benefits to employees approximates fair value, as the remaining obligation is based on the arrangements made with the former employees, and these obligations will be completely satisfied in less than 12 months. The recorded value of the ongoing lease obligations is based on the remaining lease term and payment amount, net of estimated sublease income, discounted to present value. Changes in subsequent periods resulting from a revision to either the timing or the amount of estimated cash flows over the future period are measured using the credit adjusted, risk-free rate that was used to measure the restructuring liabilities initially. We expect to incur insignificant additional costs over the remaining life of our lease obligations, but we do not anticipate further major restructuring activities in the near future. The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our restructuring liability:

	Severance and Related Benefits			Facilities			Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	62		$	340		$	402
Additions	—			—			—
Accretion of lease obligations	—			6			6
Adjustment of lease obligations	—			(56		)	(56		)
Payments	(62		)	(6		)	(68		)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	—		$	284		$	284

While the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern continued to exist at March 31, 2018, we had $10.2 million in cash and no debt obligations at the end of the quarter. In addition, the restructuring actions taken in 2017 resulted in a decrease in total operating expenses, including restructuring charges, of approximately $1.9 million in the first quarter of 2018 compared to the first quarter of 2017, and the lowest consumption of cash since the second quarter of 2015. Since the inception of our restructuring actions, we have achieved total operating cost reductions, including restructuring and asset impairment charges, of approximately $10.7 million compared to the same prior year period. Consequently, considering both quantitative and qualitative information, we continue to believe that the combination of our restructuring actions, current financial position, liquid resources, obligations due or anticipated within the next year, executive reorganization, and implementation of our sales channel strategy will return us to profitability in 2019 and effectively mitigates the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

XML

Inventories

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

INVENTORIES

Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost (which approximates actual cost determined using the first-in, first-out cost method) or net realizable value, and consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Raw materials	$	2,672		$	3,316
Finished goods	6,645			6,598
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow moving inventories and valuation reserves	$	(3,709	)	$	(4,196	)
Inventories, net	$	5,608		$	5,718

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Property and Equipment and Assets Held For Sale

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment and Assets Held For Sale

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets and consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Equipment (useful life 3 to 15 years)	$	1,577		$	1,557
Tooling (useful life 2 to 5 years)	371			371
Vehicles (useful life 5 years)	47			47
Furniture and fixtures (useful life 5 years)	137			137
Computer software (useful life 3 years)	1,043			1,043
Leasehold improvements (the shorter of useful life or lease life)	210			201
Projects in progress	84			55
Property and equipment at cost	3,469			3,411
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,465		)	(2,314		)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,004		$	1,097

Depreciation expense was $0.2 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

As of March 31, 2018, we completed the sale of the equipment that we previously classified as held for sale. We received net proceeds from the sale of $0.2 million and recognized a gain on the sale of approximately $18 thousand. The gain on the sale is classified on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations under the caption, “Other (income) expense.”

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

INCOME TAXES

As a result of the operating loss incurred during each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and after the application of the annual limitation set forth under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), it was not necessary to record a provision for U.S. federal income tax or various states income taxes.The expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2017 represents the adjustment of the 2016 provision to the actual tax on the 2016 returns.

At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had a full valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance was recorded due to uncertainties related to our ability to realize the deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of certain net operating loss carry-forwards. The valuation allowance is based on management’s estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction and the periods over which the deferred tax assets will be recoverable.

At December 31, 2017, we had a net operating loss carry-forward of approximately $91.8 million for U.S. federal, state, and local income tax purposes. However, due to changes in our capital structure, approximately $37.3 million of the net operating loss carry-forward is available to offset future taxable income, and after the application of the limitations found under Section 382 of the IRC, we expect to have approximately $37.3 million of this amount available for use in 2018. If not used, these carry-forwards will begin to expire in 2021 for federal and have begun to expire for state and local purposes. For a full discussion of the estimated restrictions on our utilization of net operating loss carry-forwards, please refer to Note 11, “Income Taxes,” included under Item 8 of our 2017 Annual Report.

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Stockholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is attributable to stock options and restricted stock unit awards. For all stock-based awards, we recognize expense using a straight-line amortization method.

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Cost of sales	$	9	$	18
Product development	25		13
Selling, general, and administrative	161		176
Total stock-based compensation	$	195	$	207

The table above excludes approximately $0.3 million in stock-based compensation expense from prior periods that was reversed and included as a reduction to restructuring expenses due to the workforce reduction associated with our restructuring actions in the first quarter of 2017.

Total unearned stock-based compensation was $1.3 million at March 31, 2018, compared to $1.1 million at March 31, 2017. These costs will be charged to expense and amortized on a straight-line basis in future periods. The weighted average period over which the unearned compensation at March 31, 2018 is expected to be recognized is approximately 2.3 years.

Stock options

The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Estimates utilized in the calculation include the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected volatility, and are further comparatively detailed as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Fair value of options issued	$	1.74		$	2.79
Exercise price	$	2.46		$	3.71
Expected life of options (in years)	5.8			5.8
Risk-free interest rate	2.3		%	2.1		%
Expected volatility	84.3		%	92.2		%
Dividend yield	0.0		%	0.0		%

A summary of option activity under all plans for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is presented as follows:

	Number of Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2017	248,512		$	5.76
Granted	25,035		2.46
Exercised	—		—
Canceled/forfeited	(20,523	)	10.09
Expired	—		—
Balance at March 31, 2018	253,024		$	5.08	7.8
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2018	232,906		$	5.26	7.6
Exercisable at March 31, 2018	126,505		$	6.95	6.5

Restricted stock units

A summary of restricted stock unit activity under all plans for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is presented as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2017	306,142		$	3.37
Granted	421,514		2.48
Released	(74,655	)	4.10
Canceled/forfeited	(11,571	)	3.80
Balance at March 31, 2018	641,430		$	2.69	2.7

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We may be the subject of threatened or pending legal actions and contingencies in the normal course of conducting our business. We provide for costs related to these matters when a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The effect of the outcome of these matters on our future results of operations and liquidity cannot be predicted because any such effect depends on future results of operations and the amount or timing of the resolution of such matters. For certain types of claims, we maintain insurance coverage for personal injury and property damage, product liability and other liability coverages in amounts and with deductibles that we believe are prudent, but there can be no assurance that these coverages will be applicable or adequate to cover adverse outcomes of claims or legal proceedings against us.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

Basis of presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary Energy Focus Europe, Ltd. located in the United Kingdom, which is not active. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in the accompanying financial statements and Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements relates to our continuing operations.

We have prepared the accompanying financial data for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The accompanying financial data and information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Annual Report”). The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Use of estimates

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact us in the future, actual results may vary from the estimates. Estimates include, but are not limited to, the establishment of reserves for accounts receivable, sales returns, inventory obsolescence and warranty claims; the useful lives of property and equipment; valuation allowance for net deferred taxes; the cost and offsetting income related to subleased property; and stock-based compensation. In addition, estimates and assumptions associated with the determination of the fair value of financial instruments and evaluation of long-lived assets for impairment requires considerable judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences could be material.

Certain risks and concentrations

Certain risks and concentrations

We have certain customers whose net sales individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net sales, or whose net trade accounts receivable balance individually represented 10 percent or more of our total net trade accounts receivable

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which significantly changes the accounting for credit losses on instruments within its scope. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain financial instruments, including trade receivables, and requires an entity to recognize an allowance based on its estimate of expected credit losses rather than incurred losses. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and will generally require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which supersedes the current lease accounting requirements. This standard requires a lessee to record on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. In addition, this standard requires lessees to disclose certain key information about lease transactions. Upon implementation, an entity’s lease payment obligations will be recognized at their estimated present value along with a corresponding right-of-use asset. Lease expense recognition will be generally consistent with current practice. This standard will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and will require adoption on a modified retrospective basis. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the standard.

Revenue

Revenue

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as amended by subsequently issued additional guidance (together, “ASC 606”) using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations, as our revenue arrangements generally consist of a single performance obligation to transfer promised goods at a fixed price.

Net sales include revenues from sales of products and shipping and handling charges, net of estimates for product returns. Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration we expect to received in exchange for the transferred products. We recognize revenue at the point in time when we transfer the promised products to the customer and the customer obtains control over the products. We recognize revenue for shipping and handling charges at the time the goods are shipped to the customer, and the costs of outbound freight are included in cost of sales, as we have elected the practical expedient included in ASC 606. We provide for product returns based on historical return rates. While we incur costs for sales commissions to our sales employees and outside agents, we recognize commission costs concurrent with the related revenue, as the amortization period is less than one year and we have elected the practical expedient included in ASC 606. We do not incur incremental costs to obtain contracts with our customers. Our product warranties are assurance-type warranties, which promise the customer that the products are as specified in the contract. Therefore, the product warranties are not a separate performance obligation and are accounted for as described below. Sales taxes assessed by governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are excluded from net sales.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Our trade accounts receivable consists of amounts billed to and currently due from customers. Credit is extended to customers based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and the amounts due are stated at their estimated net realizable value. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable to provide for the estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The allowance is based on an assessment of customer creditworthiness and historical payment experience, the age of outstanding receivables, and performance guarantees to the extent applicable. Past due amounts are written off when our internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful. Our standard payment terms with customers are net 30 days, and we do not generally offer extended payment terms to our customers. Accordingly, we do not adjust trade accounts receivable for the effects of financing, as we expect the period between the transfer of product to the customer and the receipt of payment from the customer to be in line with our standard payment terms.

Net loss per share

Net loss per share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common shares consist of incremental shares upon the exercise of stock options or release of restricted stock units unless the effect would be anti-dilutive.

Product warranties

Product warranties

Through March 31, 2016, we warranted finished goods against defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for periods generally between one and five years. Beginning April 1, 2016, we warrant our commercial LED tubes, globes, and troffer luminaires for a period of ten years. Warranty settlement costs consist of actual amounts expensed for warranty, which are largely a result of the cost of replacement products provided to our customers. A liability for the estimated future costs under product warranties is maintained for products outstanding under warranty based on the actual claims incurred to date and the estimated nature, frequency, and costs of future claims. These estimates are inherently uncertain and changes to our historical or projected experience may cause material changes to our warranty reserves in the future. We continuously review the assumptions related to the adequacy of our warranty reserve, including product failure rates, and make adjustments to the existing warranty liability when there are changes to these estimates or the underlying replacement product costs, or the warranty period expires.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table provides a disaggregation of product net sales for the periods presented:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Net sales:
Commercial	$	2,205	$	3,079
Military maritime	2,454		1,027
Total net sales	$	4,659	$	4,106

Reconciliation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted net loss per share computations for the periods presented below (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(2,390	)	$	(4,522	)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	11,900			11,718
Potential common shares from equity awards and warrants	—			—
Diluted weighted average shares	11,900			11,718

Schedule of warranty activity

The following table summarizes warranty activity for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	174		$	331
Warranty accruals for current period sales	8			13
Adjustments to existing warranties	(1		)	(50		)
In kind settlements made during the period	(40		)	(36		)
Accrued warranty reserve	$	141		$	258

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Restructuring (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Schedule of Restructuring Reserve by Type of Cost

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of our restructuring liability:

	Severance and Related Benefits			Facilities			Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	62		$	340		$	402
Additions	—			—			—
Accretion of lease obligations	—			6			6
Adjustment of lease obligations	—			(56		)	(56		)
Payments	(62		)	(6		)	(68		)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	—		$	284		$	284

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Inventories (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost (which approximates actual cost determined using the first-in, first-out cost method) or net realizable value, and consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Raw materials	$	2,672		$	3,316
Finished goods	6,645			6,598
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow moving inventories and valuation reserves	$	(3,709	)	$	(4,196	)
Inventories, net	$	5,608		$	5,718

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Property and Equipment and Assets Held For Sale (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets and consist of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Equipment (useful life 3 to 15 years)	$	1,577		$	1,557
Tooling (useful life 2 to 5 years)	371			371
Vehicles (useful life 5 years)	47			47
Furniture and fixtures (useful life 5 years)	137			137
Computer software (useful life 3 years)	1,043			1,043
Leasehold improvements (the shorter of useful life or lease life)	210			201
Projects in progress	84			55
Property and equipment at cost	3,469			3,411
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,465		)	(2,314		)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,004		$	1,097

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Summary of stock-based compensation expense

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense and the impact it had on operations for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Cost of sales	$	9	$	18
Product development	25		13
Selling, general, and administrative	161		176
Total stock-based compensation	$	195	$	207

Schedule of valuation assumptions

Estimates utilized in the calculation include the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rate, and expected volatility, and are further comparatively detailed as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Fair value of options issued	$	1.74		$	2.79
Exercise price	$	2.46		$	3.71
Expected life of options (in years)	5.8			5.8
Risk-free interest rate	2.3		%	2.1		%
Expected volatility	84.3		%	92.2		%
Dividend yield	0.0		%	0.0		%

Summary of option activity

A summary of option activity under all plans for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is presented as follows:

	Number of Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2017	248,512		$	5.76
Granted	25,035		2.46
Exercised	—		—
Canceled/forfeited	(20,523	)	10.09
Expired	—		—
Balance at March 31, 2018	253,024		$	5.08	7.8
Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2018	232,906		$	5.26	7.6
Exercisable at March 31, 2018	126,505		$	6.95	6.5

Restricted stock units

A summary of restricted stock unit activity under all plans for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is presented as follows:

	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Balance at December 31, 2017	306,142		$	3.37
Granted	421,514		2.48
Released	(74,655	)	4.10
Canceled/forfeited	(11,571	)	3.80
Balance at March 31, 2018	641,430		$	2.69	2.7

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) - shares shares in Thousands		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2016	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Securities excluded from net loss per share calculation (in shares)		90	137
Warranty service periods	10 years
Minimum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Warranty service periods		1 year
Maximum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Warranty service periods		5 years
Geographic concentration risk | United States
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		98.00%		98.00%
Revenue | Geographic concentration risk | Countries outside of the United States
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		1.00%	2.00%
Commercial Lighting Retrofit Company | Revenue | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		10.00%
Commercial Lighting Retrofit Company | Accounts receivable | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		13.00%		17.00%
Distributor To The U.S. Navy | Revenue | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		46.00%	14.00%
Distributor To The U.S. Navy | Accounts receivable | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		47.00%		39.00%
Global Healthcare Systems, Northeast Ohio | Revenue | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)			22.00%
Global Healthcare Systems, Northeast Ohio | Accounts receivable | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		10.00%		21.00%
Huntington Ingalls, Incorporated | Revenue | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)			10.00%
U.S. Navy | Revenue | Customer concentration risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk (less than for one percent)		50.00%	24.00%

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 4,659	$ 4,106
Commercial
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Net sales	2,205	3,079
Military maritime
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 2,454	$ 1,027

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Reconciliation of Basic and Diluted Loss per Share (Details) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (2,390)	$ (4,522)
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	11,900	11,718
Potential common shares from equity awards and warrants (in shares)	0	0
Diluted weighted average shares (in shares)	11,900	11,718

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Warranty Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Movement in Standard and Extended Product Warranty, Increase (Decrease) [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 174	$ 331
Accruals for warranties issued	8	13
Adjustments to existing warranties	(1)	(50)
In kind settlements made during the period	(40)	(36)
Accrued warranty reserve	$ 141	$ 258

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Restructuring - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		15 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring	$ (50,000)	$ 674,000
Restructuring and related cost, obligations to be satisfied, term	12 months
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 10,172,000	14,970,000	$ 10,172,000	$ 10,761,000	$ 16,629,000
Debt obligations	0		0
Impact of restructuring activities on operating expenses, excluding restructuring and asset impairment charges	$ (1,900,000)
Severance and Related Benefits
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring		643,000
Facilities
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring		19,000
Other
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring		$ 11,000
Maximum
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Impact of restructuring activities on operating expenses, excluding restructuring and asset impairment charges			$ (10,700,000)

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Restructuring - Reconciliation of Restructuring Liability (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 402
Additions	0
Accretion of lease obligations	6
Adjustment of lease obligations	(56)
Payments	(68)
Ending balance	284
Severance and Related Benefits
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	62
Additions	0
Accretion of lease obligations	0
Adjustment of lease obligations	0
Payments	(62)
Ending balance	0
Facilities
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	340
Additions	0
Accretion of lease obligations	6
Adjustment of lease obligations	(56)
Payments	(6)
Ending balance	$ 284

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 2,672	$ 3,316
Finished goods	6,645	6,598
Reserves for excess, obsolete, and slow moving inventories and valuation reserves	(3,709)	(4,196)
Inventories, net	$ 5,608	$ 5,718

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Property and Equipment and Assets Held For Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	$ 3,469		$ 3,411
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,465)		(2,314)
Property and equipment, net	1,004		1,097
Depreciation	151	$ 177
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	$ 1,577		1,557
Equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	3 years
Equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	15 years
Tooling
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	$ 371		371
Tooling | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	2 years
Tooling | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	5 years
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	5 years
Property and equipment at cost	$ 47		47
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	5 years
Property and equipment at cost	$ 137		137
Computer software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	3 years
Property and equipment at cost	$ 1,043		1,043
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	210		201
Projects in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment at cost	$ 84		$ 55

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Property and Equipment and Assets Held For Sale Proceeds From Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
(Gain) loss on dispositions of property and equipment	$ 19	$ (8)
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of equipment	200
(Gain) loss on dispositions of property and equipment	$ 18

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - U.S. Federal, State and Local tax authorities - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carry-forward		$ 91.8
Operating loss carry-forward available	$ 37.3	$ 37.3

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Stockholders' Equity - Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 195	$ 207
Stock-based compensation reversal	(270)
Unearned stock-based compensation	$ 1,300	1,100
Unearned compensation expected to be recognized, period	2 years 3 months 18 days
Cost of sales
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 9	18
Product development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	25	13
Selling, general, and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 161	$ 176

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Stockholders' Equity - Stock Options and a Summary of Activity (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Fair value of options issued (in dollars per share)	$ 1.74	$ 2.79
Exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.46	$ 3.71
Expected life of options (in years)	5 years 9 months 18 days	5 years 9 months 18 days
Risk-free interest rate	2.30%	2.10%
Expected volatility	84.30%	92.20%
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Number of Options
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	248,512
Granted (in shares)	25,035
Exercised (in shares)	0
Canceled/forfeited (in shares)	(20,523)
Expired (in shares)	0
Outstanding at end of period (in shares)	253,024
Vested and expected to vest at period end (in shares)	232,906
Exercisable at period end (in shares)	126,505
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 5.76
Granted (in dollars per share)	2.46
Exercised (in dollars per share)	0.00
Canceled/forfeited (in dollars per share)	10.09
Expired (in dollars per share)	0.00
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share)	5.08
Vested and expected to vest at period end (in dollars per share)	5.26
Exercisable at period end (in dollars per share)	$ 6.95
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding at end of period	7 years 9 months 18 days
Vested and expected to vest at period end	7 years 7 months 6 days
Exercisable at period end	6 years 6 months

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Stockholders' Equity - Restricted Stock Units (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock Units
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	248,512
Granted (in shares) | shares	25,035
Canceled/forfeited (in shares) | shares	(20,523)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) | shares	253,024
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.76
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	2.46
Canceled/forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	10.09
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.08
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding at end of period	7 years 9 months 18 days
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted Stock Units
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	306,142
Granted (in shares) | shares	421,514
Released (in shares) | shares	(74,655)
Canceled/forfeited (in shares) | shares	(11,571)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares) | shares	641,430
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.37
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	2.48
Released (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	4.10
Canceled/forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	3.80
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.69
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)
Outstanding at end of period	2 years 8 months 12 days

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Label	Element	Value
Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value	us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue	$ 14,628,000
Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value	us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue	9,830,000
Restricted Cash	us-gaap_RestrictedCash	342,000
Restricted Cash	us-gaap_RestrictedCash	$ 342,000