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Summary of Business Organization, Operations and Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Summary of Business Organization, Operations and Significant Accounting Policies
Summary of Business Organization, Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

The GEO Group, Inc. a Florida corporation, and subsidiaries (the “Company” or “GEO”) is a fully-integrated real estate investment trust (“REIT”) specializing in the ownership, leasing and management of correctional, detention and re-entry facilities and the provision of community-based services and youth services in the United States, Australia, South Africa, the United Kingdom and Canada. The Company owns, leases and operates a broad range of correctional and detention facilities including maximum, medium and minimum security prisons, immigration detention centers, minimum security detention centers, as well as community based re-entry facilities. The Company develops new facilities based on contract awards, using its project development expertise and experience to design, construct and finance what it believes are state-of-the-art facilities that maximize security and efficiency. The Company provides innovative compliance technologies, industry-leading monitoring services, and evidence-based supervision and treatment programs for community-based parolees, probationers and pretrial defendants. The Company also provides secure transportation services for offender and detainee populations as contracted domestically and in the United Kingdom through its joint venture GEO Amey PECS Ltd. (“GEOAmey”). As of December 31, 2013, GEO's worldwide operations included the ownership and/or management of approximately 77,000 beds at 98 correctional, detention and community services facilities, including idle facilities and projects under development, and also included the provision of monitoring of approximately 70,000 offenders in a community-based environment on behalf of approximately 900 federal, state and local correctional agencies located in all 50 states.
GEO began operating as a REIT for federal income tax purposes effective January 1, 2013. As a result of the REIT conversion, GEO reorganized its operations and moved non-real estate components into taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS's”).     Through the TRS structure, the portion of GEO's businesses which are non-real estate related, such as its managed-only contracts, international operations, electronic monitoring services, and other non-residential and community based facilities, are part of wholly-owned taxable subsidiaries of the REIT. Most of GEO's business segments, which are real estate related and involve company-owned and company-leased facilities, are part of the REIT. The TRS structure allows the Company to maintain the strategic alignment of almost all of its diversified business segments under one entity. The TRS assets and operations will continue to be subject to federal and state corporate income taxes and to foreign taxes as applicable in the jurisdictions in which those assets and operations are located.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The significant accounting policies of the Company are described below.
Fiscal Year
In connection with the REIT conversion discussed above, effective December 31, 2012, the Company changed to a calendar year from a fiscal year that ended on the Sunday closest to the calendar year end and changed its fiscal quarters to coincide with each calendar quarter. For fiscal 2012, the period began on January 2, 2012 and ended on December 31, 2012. For fiscal 2011, the period began on January 3, 2011 and ended on January 1, 2012. The Company reports the results of its South African equity affiliate, South African Custodial Services Pty. Limited, (“SACS”), its consolidated South African entity, South African Custodial Management Pty. Limited (“SACM”), and its joint venture GEOAmey, on a calendar year end for all periods reported, due to the availability of information.
Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and the Company’s activities relative to the financing of operating facilities (the Company’s variable interest entities are discussed further below under Variable Interest Entities). The equity method of accounting is used for investments in non-controlled affiliates in which the Company’s ownership ranges from 20 to 50 percent, or in instances in which the Company is able to exercise significant influence but not control. The Company reports SACS and its 50% owned joint venture in the United Kingdom, GEOAmey, under the equity method of accounting. Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities represent equity that other investors have contributed to SACM and, prior to its acquisition by the Company during 2012, Municipal Corrections Finance, L.P ("MCF"). Non-controlling interests are adjusted for income and losses allocable to the other shareholders in these entities. As further discussed under the Variable Interest Entities policy below, the Company acquired a 100% interest in MCF effective August 31, 2012 and the non-controlling interest related to MCF was reclassified to shareholders' equity attributable to GEO. In addition, on September 30, 2013, the Company completed a defeasance of the bonds related to South Texas Local Development Corportation ("STLDC"). Subsequent to September 30, 2013, the Company no longer includes the financial position and results of operations of any VIE's in its consolidated financial statements. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Divestiture of Residential Treatment Services
The operating results of Residential Treatment Services (“RTS”), which was divested on December 31, 2012 in connection with the Company’s conversion to a REIT, have been retroactively reclassified to discontinued operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012. Refer to Note 2- Discontinued Operations.
Discontinued Operations
The Company reports the results of operations of a component of an entity that either has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale or where the management contracts with that component have terminated either by expiration or otherwise in discontinued operations. The Company presents such events as discontinued operations so long as the financial results can be clearly identified, the future operations and cash flows are completely eliminated from ongoing operations, and so long as the Company does not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal or termination transaction.
When a component of an entity has been disposed of or classified as held for sale or a management contract is terminated, the Company looks at its overall relationship with the customer. If the operations or cash flows of the component have been (or will be) eliminated from the ongoing operations of the entity as a result of the transaction and the entity will not have significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the transaction, the results of operations of the component of an entity are reported in discontinued operations. If the Company will continue to maintain a relationship generating significant cash flows and having continuing involvement with the customer, the disposal, the asset held for sale classification or the loss of the management contract(s) is not treated as discontinued operations. If the disposal, the asset held for sale classification or the loss of the management contract(s) results in a loss in the overall customer relationship as no future significant cash flows will be generated and the Company will have no continuing involvement with the customer, the results are classified in discontinued operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s significant estimates include reserves for self-insured retention related to general liability insurance, workers’ compensation insurance, auto liability insurance, medical malpractice insurance, employer group health insurance, projected undiscounted cash flows used to evaluate asset impairment, pension assumptions, percentage of completion and estimated cost to complete for construction projects and recoverability of notes receivable, estimated useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, stock based compensation and allowance for doubtful accounts. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. While the Company believes that such estimates are reasonable when considered in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, the actual amounts of such estimates, when known, will vary from these estimates. If actual results significantly differ from the Company’s estimates, the Company’s financial condition and results of operations could be materially impacted.
Dividends
As a REIT, the Company is required to distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and by excluding net capital gain). The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions, however, will be at the sole discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and will be declared based upon various factors, many of which are beyond the Company's control, including, the Company's financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain REIT status and reduce any income and excise taxes that the Company otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in the Company's existing and future debt instruments, limitations on the Company's ability to fund distributions using cash generated through our TRS and other factors that the Company's Board of Directors may deem relevant. The Company began paying regular distributions in 2013. Refer to Note 3- Shareholders’ Equity.
A REIT is not permitted to retain earnings and profits accumulated during the years it was taxed as a C corporation or earnings and profits accumulated by its subsidiaries that have been converted to qualified REIT subsidiaries, and must make one or more distributions to shareholders that equal or exceed these accumulated amounts by the end of the first REIT year. On December 31, 2012, the Company paid a one-time Pre-REIT Distribution to its shareholders. Earnings and profits, which determine the taxability of distributions to shareholders, will differ from net income reported for financial reporting purposes due to the differences in the treatment of gains and losses, revenue and expenses, and depreciation for financial reporting relative to federal income tax purposes.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include all interest-bearing deposits or investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with various financial institutions. These financial institutions are located throughout the United States, Australia, South Africa, Canada and the United Kingdom. As of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company had $20.4 million and $24.8 million in cash and cash equivalents held by its international subsidiaries, respectively.

Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company maintains deposits of cash in excess of federally insured limits with certain financial institutions and accordingly the Company is subject to credit risk. Other than cash, financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of trade accounts receivable, a direct finance lease receivable, long-term debt and financial instruments used in hedging activities. The Company’s cash management and investment policies restrict investments to low-risk, highly liquid securities, and the Company performs periodic evaluations of the credit standing of the financial institutions with which it deals.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable consists primarily of trade accounts receivable due from federal, state, and local government agencies for operating and managing correctional facilities, providing youth and community based services, providing electronic monitoring and supervision services, providing construction and design services and providing inmate residential and prisoner transportation services. The Company generates receivables with its governmental clients and with other parties in the normal course of business as a result of billing and receiving payment. The Company regularly reviews outstanding receivables, and provides for estimated losses through an allowance for doubtful accounts. In evaluating the level of established loss reserves, the Company makes judgments regarding its customers’ ability to make required payments, economic events and other factors. As the financial condition of these parties change, circumstances develop or additional information becomes available, adjustments to the allowance for doubtful accounts may be required. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations for some of its customers’ financial conditions and generally does not require collateral. Generally, the Company receives payment for these services thirty to sixty days in arrears. However, certain of the Company’s accounts receivable are paid by customers after the completion of their program year and therefore can be aged in excess of one year. The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses, and such losses traditionally have been within its expectations. Actual write-offs are charged against the allowance when collection efforts have been unsuccessful. As of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, $0.8 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of the Company’s trade receivables were considered to be long-term and are classified as Other Non-Current Assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Notes Receivable
The Company has notes receivable from its former joint venture partner in the United Kingdom related to a subordinated loan extended to the joint venture partner while an active member of the partnership. The notes bear interest at a rate of 13%, and have semi-annual payments due June 15 and December 15 through June 2018. The Company recognizes interest income on its Notes Receivable as it is earned. The balance outstanding as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was $2.0 million and $2.3 million, respectively. These notes receivable are included in Other Non-Current Assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Note Receivable from Joint Venture
In May 2011, the GEO Group UK Limited, the Company’s subsidiary in the United Kingdom (“GEO UK”), extended a non-revolving line of credit facility to GEOAmey for the purpose of funding mobilization costs and on-going start up and operations in the principal amount of £12 million or $19.8 million, based on the applicable exchange rate at December 31, 2013. Amounts under the line of credit were drawn down in multiple advances up to the principal amount and accrued interest at LIBOR plus 3%. The Company recognized interest income on its notes receivable as it was earned. Principal repayments by GEOAmey under the line of credit were due in March and September, beginning September 2013, with the final payment due no later than March 30, 2018.
On October 3, 2013, the Company and its joint venture partner entered into a modified line of credit agreement with GEOAmey. Under the modified agreement, the terms of the line of credit were amended such that (i) the balance of accrued interest at September 30, 2013, in the amount of £0.9 million or $1.5 million, based on the applicable exchange rate at December 31, 2013, was forgiven; (ii) the principal amount was revised to be due on demand rather than in accordance with the previous repayment schedule; interest payments will accrue beginning January 1, 2014 and be added to the principal sum; and (iii) the interest rate was reset to the base rate of the Bank of England plus 0.5%.
As of December 31, 2013, the Company was owed £12 million, or $19.8 million, based on exchange rates as of December 31, 2013, under the line of credit. As of December 31, 2012, the Company was owed £12.6 million, or $20.4 million, including accrued interest of $1 million, under the line of credit. At December 31, 2013, these balances are included within Other Non-Current Assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to Note 16 - Business Segments and Geographic Information regarding the Company's investment in GEOAmey.

Restricted Cash and Investments
The Company’s restricted cash and investments at December 31, 2013 are attributable to: (i) the 1,575-bed Northwest Detention Center in Tacoma, Washington, (ii) certain cash restriction requirements at the Company’s wholly owned Australian subsidiary related to the non-recourse debt and other guarantees, and (iii) restricted investments related to The GEO Group Inc. Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan. At December 31, 2012, restricted cash and investments also included amounts held in trust in connection with STLDC. The STLDC bonds were defeased during 2013 and the remaining restricted cash balances were released to the Company. The current portion of restricted cash and investments primarily represents the amount expected to be paid within the next twelve months for debt service related to the Company's non-recourse debt.
 
Prepaid expenses and Other Current Assets

    Prepaid expenses and other current assets include assets that are expected to be realized within the next fiscal year. Included in the balance at December 31, 2013, is $22.4 million of federal and state overpayments that will be applied against tax payments due in 2013. There were no federal and state income tax overpayments at December 31, 2012.
Direct Finance Leases
The Company accounts for the portion of its contracts with certain governmental agencies that represent capitalized lease payments on buildings and equipment as investments in direct finance leases. Accordingly, the minimum lease payments to be received over the term of the leases less unearned income are capitalized as the Company’s investments in the leases. Unearned income is recognized as income over the term of the leases using the effective interest method.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Buildings and improvements are depreciated over 2 to 50 years. Equipment and furniture and fixtures are depreciated over 3 to 10 years. Accelerated methods of depreciation are generally used for income tax purposes. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the useful life of the improvement or the term of the lease. The Company performs ongoing evaluations of the estimated useful lives of the property and equipment for depreciation purposes. The estimated useful lives are determined and continually evaluated based on the period over which services are expected to be rendered by the asset. If the assessment indicates that assets will be used for a longer or shorter period than previously anticipated, the useful lives of the assets are revised, resulting in a change in estimate. The Company has not made any such changes in estimates during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 or the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012, respectively. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Interest is capitalized in connection with the construction of correctional and detention facilities. Cost for self-constructed correctional and detention facilities includes direct materials and labor, capitalized interest and certain other indirect costs associated with construction of the facility, such as property taxes, other indirect labor and related benefits and payroll taxes. The Company begins the capitalization of costs during the pre-construction phase, which is the period during which costs are incurred to evaluate the site, and continues until the facility is substantially complete and ready for occupancy. Labor costs capitalized for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 were not significant. Capitalized interest is recorded as part of the asset to which it relates and is amortized over the asset’s estimated useful life. Refer to Note 6 - Property and Equipment.
Assets Held for Sale
As of December 31, 2013, the Company had no facilities classified as held for sale in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The Company classifies a long-lived asset (disposal group) as held for sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are met (i) Management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the asset (disposal group), (ii) the asset (disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to the terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets (disposal groups), (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the asset (disposal group) have been initiated, (iv) the sale of the asset (disposal group) is probable, and transfer of the asset (disposal group) is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale, within one year, except as permitted, (v) the asset (disposal group) is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, and (vi) actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. The Company records assets held for sale at the lower of cost or estimated fair value and estimates fair value by using third party appraisers or other valuation techniques. The Company does not record depreciation for assets held for sale. Any gain or loss on the sale of operating assets is included in the operating income of the reportable segment to which it relates.
Asset Impairments
The Company had property and equipment of $1.7 billion as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, including approximately 6,000 vacant beds at six idle facilities with a carrying value of $193.6 million which are being marketed to potential customers as of December 31, 2013, excluding equipment and other assets that can be easily transferred for use at other facilities.
The Company reviews long-lived assets to be held and used for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. Events that would trigger an impairment assessment include deterioration of profits for a business segment that has long-lived assets, or when other changes occur that might impair recovery of long-lived assets such as the termination of a management contract or a prolonged decrease in inmate population. If impairment indicators are present, the Company performs a recoverability test to determine whether or not an impairment loss should be measured.
The Company tests idle facilities for impairment upon notification that the facilities will no longer be utilized by the customer. If a long-lived asset is part of a group that includes other assets, the unit of accounting for the long-lived asset is its group. Generally, the Company groups assets by facility for the purpose of considering whether any impairment exists. The estimates of recoverability are based on projected undiscounted cash flows associated with actual marketing efforts where available or, in other instances, projected undiscounted cash flows that are comparable to historical cash flows from management contracts at similar facilities and sensitivity analyses that consider reductions to such cash flows. The Company's sensitivity analyses include adjustments to projected cash flows compared to the historical cash flows due to current business conditions which impact per diem rates as well as labor and other operating costs, changes related to facility mission due to changes in prospective clients, and changes in projected capacity and occupancy rates. The Company also factors in prolonged periods of vacancies as well as the time and costs required to ramp up facility population once a contract is obtained. The Company performs the impairment analyses on an annual basis for each of the idle facilities and takes into consideration updates each quarter for market developments affecting the potential utilization of each of the facilities in order to identify events that may cause the Company to reconsider the most recent assumptions. Such events could include negotiations with a prospective customer for the utilization of an idle facility at terms significantly less favorable than the terms used in the Company's most recent impairment analysis, or changes in legislation surrounding a particular facility that could impact the Company's ability to house certain types of inmates at such facility. Further, a substantial increase in the number of available beds at other facilities the Company owns, or in the marketplace, could lead to deterioration in market conditions and projected cash flows. Although they are not frequently received, an unsolicited offer to purchase any of the Company's idle facilities, at amounts that are less than their carrying value could also cause the Company to reconsider the assumptions used in the most recent impairment analysis. The Company has identified marketing prospects to utilize each of the remaining currently idled facilities and does not see any catalysts that would result in a current impairment. However, the Company can provide no assurance that it will be able to secure management contracts to utilize its idle facilities, or that it will not incur impairment charges in the future. In all cases, the projected undiscounted cash flows in our analysis as of December 31, 2013 substantially exceeded the carrying amounts of each facility.
The Company's evaluations also take into consideration historical experience in securing new management contracts to utilize facilities that had been previously idled for periods comparable to or in excess of the periods the Company's currently idle facilities have been idle. Such previously idle facilities are currently being operated under contracts that generate cash flows resulting in the recoverability of the net book value of the previously idled facilities by substantial amounts. Due to a variety of factors, the lead time to negotiate contracts with federal and state agencies to utilize idle bed capacity is generally lengthy which has historically resulted in periods of idleness similar to the ones the Company is currently experiencing. As a result of its analyses, the Company determined each of these assets to have recoverable values substantially in excess of the corresponding carrying values with the exception of one of its idle facilities in Brush, Colorado which was written down by $2.4 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2012. This facility was written down to its land value as the Company had exhausted all avenues to market the facility.
By their nature, these estimates contain uncertainties with respect to the extent and timing of the respective cash flows due to potential delays or material changes to forecasted terms and conditions in contracts with prospective customers that could impact the estimate of projected cash flows. Notwithstanding the effects the current economy has had on the Company's customers' demand for prison beds in the short term which has led to its decision to idle certain facilities, the Company believes the long-term trends favor an increase in the utilization of its idle correctional facilities. This belief is also based on the Company's experience in operating in recessionary environments and based on its experience in working with governmental agencies faced with significant budgetary challenges which is a primary contributing factor to the lack of appropriated funding to build new bed capacity by federal and state agencies.
Assets Held under Capital Leases
Assets held under capital leases are recorded at the lower of the net present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair value of the leased asset at the inception of the lease. Amortization expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the related lease and is included in depreciation expense.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The Company has recorded goodwill as a result of its business combinations. Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the net tangible assets and other intangible assets acquired. The Company's goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment annually on the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter, and whenever events or circumstances arise that indicate impairment may have occurred. Impairment testing is performed for all reporting units that contain goodwill. The reporting units are the same as the reporting segment for U.S. Corrections & Detention and are at the operating segment level for GEO Community Services. The Company has identified its reporting units based on the criteria management uses to make key decisions about the business. On the measurement date of October 1, 2013, the Company's management elected to qualitatively asses the Company's goodwill for impairment for certain of its reporting units, pursuant to the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-08. For one of its other reporting units, the Company elected to quantitatively assess the Company's goodwill for impairment as discussed further below. Under provisions of the qualitative analysis, when testing goodwill for impairment, the Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company performs the first step of the two-step impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit, using a discounted cash flow method, and comparing the fair value with the carrying amount of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company performs the second step of the goodwill impairment test to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. The qualitative factors used by the Company’s management to determine the likelihood that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount include, among other things, a review of overall economic conditions and their current and future impact on the Company’s existing business, the Company’s financial performance, industry outlook and market competition.
For the reporting units that the Company elected to quantitatively assess the goodwill for impairment, the Company used a third party valuation firm to determine the estimated fair value of the reporting units using a discounted cash flow and other valuation models. Growth rates for sales and profits are determined using inputs from the Company's long term planning process. The Company also makes estimates for discount rates and other factors based on market conditions, historical experience and other economic factors. Changes in these factors could significantly impact the fair value of the reporting unit. During the year, the Company's management monitors the actual performance of the business relative to the fair value assumptions used during the prior year annual impairment test and updates its annual impairment test, if needed, to determine the likelihood that the goodwill has been impaired. With respect to the reporting units that were assessed qualitatively, management determined that it was more likely than not that the fair values of the reporting units exceeded their carrying values. With respect to the reporting unit that was assessed quantitatively, management did not identify the existence of events or circumstances that lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.
Other Intangible Assets

The Company has also recorded other finite and indefinite lived intangible assets as a result of previously completed business combinations. Other acquired finite and indefinite lived intangible assets are recognized separately if the benefit of the intangible asset is obtained through contractual or other legal rights, or if the intangible asset can be sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged, regardless of the Company’s intent to do so. The Company’s intangible assets include facility management contracts, non-compete agreements, the BI trade name and technology. The facility management contracts represent customer relationships in the form of management contracts acquired at the time of each business combination; the non-compete agreements represent the estimated value of contractually restricting certain employees from competing with the Company; the value of BI’s trade name represents, among other intangible benefits, name recognition to its customers and intellectual property rights; and the acquired technology represents BI’s innovation with respect to its GPS tracking monitoring, radio frequency monitoring, voice verification monitoring and alcohol compliance systems. When establishing useful lives, the Company considers the period and the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed or otherwise used up; or, if that pattern cannot be reliably determined, using a straight-line amortization method over a period that may be shorter than the ultimate life of such intangible asset. The Company currently amortizes its acquired facility management contracts over periods ranging from three to eighteen years and its acquired technology over seven years. There is no residual value associated with the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets. The Company reviews its finite lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. The Company does not amortize its indefinite lived intangible assets. The Company reviews its indefinite lived intangible assets annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. These reviews resulted in no impairment to the carrying value of the indefinite lived intangible assets for all periods presented. The Company records the costs associated with renewal and extension of facility management contracts as expenses in the period they are incurred.
Debt Issuance Costs
Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization of $19.5 million and $9.8 million, totaling $33.1 million and $23.4 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, are included in Other Non-Current Assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the related debt. When evaluating the accounting for debt transactions and the related costs, in instances when there is a significant decrease in a creditor's individual principal balance, the Company expenses the associated unamortized debt issuance costs.
 
Variable Interest Entities
The Company evaluates its joint ventures and other entities in which it has a variable interest (a “VIE”), generally in the form of investments, loans, guarantees, or equity in order to determine if it has a controlling financial interest and is required to consolidate the entity as a result. The reporting entity with a variable interest that provides the entity with a controlling financial interest in the VIE will have both of the following characteristics: (i) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
The Company consolidated STLDC, a VIE until September 30, 2013. STLDC was created to finance construction for the development of a 1,904-bed facility in Frio County, Texas. STLDC, the owner of the complex, issued $49.5 million in taxable revenue bonds and had an operating agreement with the Company, which provided the Company with the sole and exclusive right to operate and manage the detention center. The operating agreement and bond indenture required the revenue from the contract to be used to fund the periodic debt service requirements as they became due. The net revenues, if any, after various expenses such as trustee fees, property taxes and insurance premiums were distributed to the Company to cover operating expenses and management fees. The Company was responsible for the entire operations of the facility including the payment of all operating expenses whether or not there were sufficient revenues. The bonds had a 10-year term and were non-recourse to the Company. At the end of the 10-year term of the bonds, or if the bonds were redeemed, canceled or defeased, title and ownership of the facility transfers from STLDC to the Company.

On September 30, 2013, the Company completed a defeasance of the bonds and the title to the facility was transferred to the Company. In connection with the defeasance, the Company incurred a $1.5 million loss on extinguishment of debt which represented the excess of the reacquisition price of the defeasance over the net carrying value of the bonds and other defeasance related fees and expenses. Upon the closing of the transaction, the operating agreement was terminated and STLDC is no longer a VIE and is no longer consolidated by the Company. The carrying value of the facility as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $25.2 million and $25.8 million, respectively, and is included in Property and Equipment in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
MCF was created in August 2001 as a special limited partnership for the purpose of acquiring, owning, leasing and operating low to medium security adult and juvenile correction and treatment facilities. At its inception, MCF purchased assets representing eleven facilities from certain wholly owned subsidiaries of Cornell Companies, Inc. (“Cornell”), a wholly owned GEO subsidiary, and leased those assets back to Cornell under a Master Lease Agreement (the “Lease”). These assets were purchased from Cornell using proceeds from the 8.47% Revenue Bonds due 2016 (the “MCF bonds”). Under the terms of the Lease, the Company would lease the assets for the remainder of the 20-year base term, which was scheduled to end in 2021, and had options at its sole discretion to renew the Lease for up to approximately 25 additional years. Prior to the transaction discussed below, MCF's sole source of revenue was from the Company and as such the Company had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impacted its performance. The Company's risk was generally limited to the rental obligations under the operating leases. This entity was included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as a VIE through August 31, 2012. The non-controlling interests were also included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements through August 31, 2012. Upon the purchase of the ownership interests in MCF as discussed below, MCF is no longer a VIE but is still included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and all intercompany transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
On August 31, 2012, the Company purchased 100% of the partnership interests of MCF from the third party holders of these interests for a total net consideration of $35.2 million. After the purchase, the Company redeemed the MCF bonds. Refer to Note 14 - Debt. As the transaction increased GEO's ownership interest in MCF, from 0% to 100%, and GEO retained its controlling interest in MCF, the purchase of the partnership interests has been accounted for as an equity transaction with additional paid-in capital adjusted for the difference between the August 31, 2012 balance of the non-controlling interest in MCF of $8.1 million and the $35.2 million consideration paid, net of MCF deferred tax assets of $10.0 million, with no gain or loss recorded in consolidated net income or comprehensive income. Refer to Note 3 - Shareholders' Equity. The Company incurred costs related to the purchase of the ownership interests of MCF of $1.6 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012. These costs were expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company does not consolidate its 50% owned South African joint venture interest in South African Custodial Services Pty. Limited (“SACS”), a VIE. SACS joint venture investors are GEO and Kensani Corrections, Pty. Ltd (an independent third party); each partner owns a 50% share. The Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary of SACS since it does not have the power to direct the activities of SACS that most significantly impact its performance. As such, the Company's investment in this entity is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. SACS was established and subsequently, in 2001, was awarded a 25-year contract to design, finance and build the Kutama Sinthumule Correctional Centre in Louis Trichardt, South Africa. To fund the construction of the prison, SACS obtained long-term financing from its equity partners and lenders, the repayment of which is fully guaranteed by the South African government, except in the event of default, in which case the government guarantee is reduced to 80%. The Company's maximum exposure for loss under this contract is limited to its investment in the joint venture of $8.1 million at December 31, 2013 and its guarantees related to SACS are discussed in Note 14 - Debt.
The Company does not consolidate its 50% owned joint venture in the United Kingdom. In February 2011, The GEO Group Limited, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary in the United Kingdom (“GEO UK”), executed a Shareholders Agreement (the “Shareholders Agreement”) with Amey Community Limited (“Amey”) and Amey UK PLC (“Amey Guarantor”) to form GEO Amey PECS Limited (“GEOAmey”), a private company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales. GEOAmey was formed by GEO UK and Amey (an independent third party) for the purpose of performing prisoner escort and related custody services in England and Wales. In order to form this private company, GEOAmey issued share capital of £100 divided into 100 shares of £1 each and allocated the shares 50/50 to GEO UK and Amey. GEO UK and Amey each have three directors appointed to the Board of Directors and neither party has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of GEOAmey. As such, the Company's investment in this entity is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Both parties provide lines of credit of £12.0 million, or $19.8 million, based on exchange rates in effect as of December 31, 2013, to ensure that GEOAmey can comply with future contractual commitments related to the performance of its operations. As of December 31, 2013, $19.8 million was owed to the Company by GEOAmey under the line of credit. GEOAmey commenced operations on August 29, 2011.

Fair Value Measurements
The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (“exit price”). The Company carries certain of its assets and liabilities at fair value, measured on a recurring basis, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company also has certain assets and liabilities which are not carried at fair value in its accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and discloses the fair value measurements compared to the carrying values as of each balance sheet date. The Company’s fair value measurements are disclosed in Note 11 - Financial Instruments and Note 12 - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities. The Company establishes fair value of its assets and liabilities using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels which distinguish between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s assumptions (unobservable inputs). The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the respective fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement in its entirety. Level 1 inputs are quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, Level 2 inputs are other than quotable market prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly through corroboration with observable market data. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the assets or liabilities that reflect management’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company recognizes transfers between Levels 1, 2 and 3 as of the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that cause the transfer.
Revenue Recognition
Facility management revenues are recognized as services are provided under facility management contracts with approved government appropriations based on a net rate per day per inmate or on a fixed monthly rate, as applicable. A limited number of the Company’s contracts have provisions upon which a small portion of the revenue for the contract is based on the performance of certain targets. Revenue based on the performance of certain targets is less than 1% of the Company’s consolidated annual revenues. These performance targets are based on specific criteria to be met over specific periods of time. Such criteria includes the Company’s ability to achieve certain contractual benchmarks relative to the quality of service it provides, non-occurrence of certain disruptive events, effectiveness of its quality control programs and its responsiveness to customer requirements and concerns. For the limited number of contracts where revenue is based on the performance of certain targets, revenue is either (i) recorded pro rata when revenue is fixed and determinable or (ii) recorded when the specified time period lapses. In many instances, the Company is a party to more than one contract with a single entity. In these instances, each contract is accounted for separately. The Company has not recorded any revenue that is at risk due to future performance contingencies.
Construction revenues are recognized from the Company’s contracts with certain customers to perform construction and design services (“project development services”) for various facilities. In these instances, the Company acts as the primary developer and subcontracts with bonded National and/or Regional Design Build Contractors. These construction revenues are recognized as earned on a percentage of completion basis measured by the percentage of costs incurred to date as compared to the estimated total cost for each contract. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts and changes to cost estimates are made in the period in which the Company determines that such losses and changes are probable. Typically, the Company enters into fixed price contracts and does not perform additional work unless approved change orders are in place. Costs attributable to unapproved change orders are expensed in the period in which the costs are incurred if the Company believes that it is not probable that the costs will be recovered through a change in the contract price. If the Company believes that it is probable that the costs will be recovered through a change in the contract price, costs related to unapproved change orders are expensed in the period in which they are incurred, and contract revenue is recognized to the extent of the costs incurred. Revenue in excess of the costs attributable to unapproved change orders is not recognized until the change order is approved. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions, and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to estimated costs and income, and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012, there have been no changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability that would require a revision to the estimated costs and income related to project development services. As the primary contractor, the Company is exposed to the various risks associated with construction, including the risk of cost overruns. Accordingly, the Company records its construction revenue on a gross basis and includes the related cost of construction activities in Operating Expenses.
When evaluating multiple element arrangements for certain contracts where the Company provides project development services to its clients in addition to standard management services, the Company follows revenue recognition guidance for multiple element arrangements. This revenue recognition guidance related to multiple deliverables in an arrangement provides guidance on determining if separate contracts should be evaluated as a single arrangement and if an arrangement involves a single unit of accounting or separate units of accounting and if the arrangement is determined to have separate units, how to allocate amounts received in the arrangement for revenue recognition purposes. In instances where the Company provides these project development services and subsequent management services, generally, the arrangement results in no delivered elements at the onset of the agreement. The elements are delivered over the contract period as the project development and management services are performed. Project development services are not provided separately to a customer without a management contract. One of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiaries, BI, periodically sells its monitoring equipment and other services together in multiple-element arrangements. In such cases, the Company allocates revenue on the basis of the relative selling price of the delivered and undelivered elements. The selling price for each of the elements is estimated based on the price the Company charges when the elements are sold on a stand alone basis.
Lease Revenue
The Company leases two of its owned facilities to an unrelated party. One lease has a term of ten years and expires in January 2018 with an option to extend for up to three additional five-year terms. The carrying value of this leased facility as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was $33.4 million and $34.3 million, respectively, net of accumulated depreciation of $5.8 million and $4.9 million, respectively. Rental income, included in Revenues, received on this lease for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 was $4.5 million for each period. The other facility lease is effective January 2014 with a one-year term expiring December 2014 with an option to extend for up to three additional one-year terms. As of December 31, 2013, future minimum rentals to be received on these leases are as follows:
 
Fiscal Year
Annual Rental
 
(In thousands)
2014
$
4,866

2015
4,907

2016
5,054

2017
5,206

2018
351

 
$
20,384


Income Taxes
The consolidated financial statements reflect provisions for federal, state, local and foreign income taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of a change in tax rates is recognized as income in the period that includes the enactment date. At December 31, 2012, the Company had revalued certain deferred tax assets and liabilities related to its REIT activities (Refer to Note 17- Income Taxes). Effective January 1, 2013, as a REIT that plans to distribute 100% of its taxable income to shareholders, the Company does not expect to pay federal income taxes at the REIT level (including its qualified REIT subsidiaries), but instead a dividends paid deduction will generally offset its taxable income. Since the Company does not expect to pay taxes on its REIT taxable income, it does not expect to be able to recognize such net deferred tax assets and liabilities.
Deferred income taxes related to the TRS structure are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities given the provisions of enacted tax laws. Significant judgments are required to determine the consolidated provision for income taxes. Deferred income tax provisions and benefits are based on changes to the assets or liabilities from year to year. Realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets is dependent upon many factors such as tax regulations applicable to the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, estimates of future taxable income and the character of such taxable income.

Additionally, the Company must use significant judgment in addressing uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations. If actual circumstances differ from the Company’s assumptions, adjustments to the carrying value of deferred tax assets or liabilities may be required, which may result in an adverse impact on the results of its operations and its effective tax rate. Valuation allowances are recorded related to deferred tax assets based on the “more likely than not” criteria. The Company has not made any significant changes to the way it accounts for its deferred tax assets and liabilities in any year presented in the consolidated financial statements, with the exception of the December 31, 2012 revaluation of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities related to its REIT activities. Based on its estimate of future earnings and its favorable earnings history, the Company currently expects full realization of the deferred tax assets net of any recorded valuation allowances. Furthermore, tax positions taken by the Company may not be fully sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. In determining the adequacy of our provision (benefit) for income taxes, potential settlement outcomes resulting from income tax examinations are regularly assessed. As such, the final outcome of tax examinations, including the total amount payable or the timing of any such payments upon resolution of these issues, cannot be estimated with certainty.

In September 2013, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issued new regulations for capitalizing and deducting costs incurred to acquire, produce, or improve tangible property. These new regulations are effective for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2014; however, they are considered enacted as of the date of issuance, September 15, 2013. As a result of the new regulations, the Company is required to review its existing income tax accounting methods related to tangible property, and determine which, if any, income tax accounting method changes are required; whether the Company will early adopt any of the new provisions through income tax accounting method changes for the 2012 or 2013 tax years; whether the Company will file any income tax accounting method changes with its 2014 federal income tax return; and the potential financial statement impact. Because additional implementation guidance from the IRS is anticipated, the Company is in the process of reviewing its existing income tax accounting methods related to tangible property; however, the Company believes that certain of its historical income tax accounting policies may differ from what is prescribed in the new regulations. While some of the Company's assets are held by its taxable REIT subsidiaries, the vast majority are held by the REIT which is not subject to tax. Based on the Company’s initial assessment, the new regulations will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Reserves for Insurance Losses
The nature of the Company’s business exposes it to various types of third-party legal claims, including, but not limited to, civil rights claims relating to conditions of confinement and/or mistreatment, sexual misconduct claims brought by prisoners or detainees, medical malpractice claims, product liability claims, intellectual property infringement claims, claims relating to employment matters (including, but not limited to, employment discrimination claims, union grievances and wage and hour claims), property loss claims, environmental claims, automobile liability claims, contractual claims and claims for personal injury or other damages resulting from contact with our facilities, programs, electronic monitoring products, personnel or prisoners, including damages arising from a prisoner’s escape or from a disturbance or riot at a facility. In addition, the Company’s management contracts generally require it to indemnify the governmental agency against any damages to which the governmental agency may be subject in connection with such claims or litigation. The Company maintains a broad program of insurance coverage for these general types of claims, except for claims relating to employment matters, for which the Company carries no insurance. There can be no assurance that the Company’s insurance coverage will be adequate to cover all claims to which it may be exposed. It is the Company’s general practice to bring merged or acquired companies into its corporate master policies in order to take advantage of certain economies of scale.
The Company currently maintains a general liability policy and excess liability policies with total limits of $67.0 million per occurrence and in the aggregate covering the operations of U.S. Corrections & Detention, GEO Community Services' community based services, GEO Community Services' youth services and BI. The Company has a claims-made liability insurance program with a specific loss limit of $35.0 million per occurrence and in the aggregate related to medical professional liability claims arising out of correctional healthcare services. The Company is uninsured for any claims in excess of these limits. We also maintain insurance to cover property and other casualty risks including, workers’ compensation, environmental liability and automobile liability.
For most casualty insurance policies, the Company carries substantial deductibles or self-insured retentions of $3.0 million per occurrence for general liability and medical professional liability, $2.0 million per occurrence for workers’ compensation and $1.0 million per occurrence for automobile liability. In addition, certain of the Company’s facilities located in Florida and other high-risk hurricane areas carry substantial windstorm deductibles. Since hurricanes are considered unpredictable future events, no reserves have been established to pre-fund for potential windstorm damage. Limited commercial availability of certain types of insurance relating to windstorm exposure in coastal areas and earthquake exposure mainly in California and the Pacific Northwest may prevent the Company from insuring some of its facilities to full replacement value.

With respect to operations in South Africa, the United Kingdom and Australia, the Company utilizes a combination of locally-procured insurance and global policies to meet contractual insurance requirements and protect the Company. In addition to these policies, the Company’s Australian subsidiary carries tail insurance on a general liability policy related to a discontinued contract.
Of the reserves discussed above, the Company’s most significant insurance reserves relate to workers’ compensation, general liability and auto claims. These reserves are undiscounted and were $47.6 million and $45.1 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and are included in Accrued Expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company uses statistical and actuarial methods to estimate amounts for claims that have been reported but not paid and claims incurred but not reported. In applying these methods and assessing their results, the Company considers such factors as historical frequency and severity of claims at each of its facilities, claim development, payment patterns and changes in the nature of its business, among other factors. Such factors are analyzed for each of the Company’s business segments. The Company estimates may be impacted by such factors as increases in the market price for medical services and unpredictability of the size of jury awards. The Company also may experience variability between its estimates and the actual settlement due to limitations inherent in the estimation process, including its ability to estimate costs of processing and settling claims in a timely manner as well as its ability to accurately estimate the Company’s exposure at the onset of a claim. Because the Company has high deductible insurance policies, the amount of its insurance expense is dependent on its ability to control its claims experience. If actual losses related to insurance claims significantly differ from the Company’s estimates, its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely impacted.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) represents the change in shareholders’ equity from transactions and other events and circumstances arising from non-shareholder sources. The Company’s total comprehensive income is comprised of net income attributable to GEO, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, foreign currency translation adjustments that arise from consolidating foreign operations that do not impact cash flows, net unrealized gains and/ or losses on derivative instruments, and pension liability adjustments in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity.
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to GEO included in the consolidated statement of shareholders' equity are as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax attributable to The GEO Group, Inc. [1]

 
Unrealized (loss)/gain on derivatives, net of tax

 
Pension adjustments, net of tax

 
Total

Balance, December 31, 2012
 
$
5,755

 
$
(457
)
 
$
(2,628
)
 
$
2,670

Current-period other comprehensive (loss) income
 
(8,196
)
 
183

 
914

 
(7,099
)
Balance, December 31, 2013
 
$
(2,441
)
 
$
(274
)
 
$
(1,714
)
 
$
(4,429
)
[1] The foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax, related to noncontrolling interests was not significant for the year ended December 31, 2013 or December 31, 2012.
There were no reclassifications out of other comprehensive income during the year.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company’s foreign operations use their local currencies as their functional currencies. Assets and liabilities of the operations are translated at the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date and shareholders’ equity is translated at historical rates. Income statement items are translated at the average exchange rates for the year. Any adjustment resulting from translating the financial statements of the foreign subsidiary is reflected as other comprehensive income, net of related tax. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are included in the statement of operations.
Derivatives
The Company’s primary objective in holding derivatives is to reduce the volatility of earnings and cash flows associated with changes in interest rates. The Company measures its derivative financial instruments at fair value and records derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. For derivatives that are designed as and qualify as effective cash flow hedges, the portion of gain or loss on the derivative instrument effective at offsetting changes in the hedged item is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. For derivative instruments that are designated as and qualify as effective fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative instruments as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk is recognized in current earnings as interest income (expense) during the period of the change in fair values.

The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedge items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes attributing all derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges to floating rate liabilities and attributing all derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges to fixed rate liabilities. The Company also assesses whether each derivative is highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the hedged item. Fluctuations in the value of the derivative instruments are generally offset by changes in the hedged item; however, if it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or if a derivative ceases to be a highly effective hedge, the Company will discontinue hedge accounting prospectively for the affected derivative.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The Company recognizes the cost of stock-based compensation awards based upon the grant date fair value of those awards. The Company uses a Black-Scholes option valuation model to estimate the fair value of options awarded which do not have market-based performance conditions. The impact of forfeitures that may occur prior to vesting is also estimated and considered in the amount recognized. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period, which is typically the vesting period.
The fair value of stock-based option awards was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for options awarded during fiscal years 2012 and 2011 (there were no options awarded during 2013):
 
 
 
2012
 
2011
Risk free interest rates
 
0.78
%
 
2.06
%
Expected term
 
4-5 years

 
4-5 years

Expected volatility
 
40
%
 
43
%
Expected dividend
 
3.00
%
 
%

The Company uses historical data to estimate award exercises and employee terminations within the valuation model. The expected term of the awards represents the period of time that awards granted are expected to be outstanding and is based on historical data and expected holding periods. During 2012, the Company began declaring quarterly dividends. The expected dividend rate for awards granted in 2012 was based on the Company's expected future dividend yield prior to the REIT conversion and the effect of the 2012 Special Dividend. In connection with the 2012 divestiture of RTS (refer to Note 2 - Discontinued Operations) and the stock component of the Special Dividend, the Company modified certain of its share-based payment awards as more fully discussed in Note 4 - Equity Incentive Plans.
For share-based awards that contain a performance condition, the achievement of the targets must be probable before any share-based compensation is recorded. If subsequent to initial measurement there is a change in the estimate of the probability of meeting the performance condition, the effect of the change in the estimated quantity of awards expected to vest is recognized by cumulatively adjusting compensation expense. If ultimately the performance targets are not met, for any awards where vesting was previously deemed probable, previously recognized compensation expense will be reversed in the period in which vesting is no longer deemed probable.
For share-based awards that contain a market condition, the probability of satisfying the market condition is considered in the estimate of grant-date fair value and previously recorded compensation expense is not reversed if the market condition is never met. The fair value of restricted stock awards granted in 2013 with market-based performance conditions was determined based on a Monte Carlo simulation, which calculates a range of possible outcomes and the probabilities that they will occur, using the following key assumptions: (i) volatility of 26.6%; (ii) beta of 0.681; and (iii) risk free rate of 0.42%. Refer to Note 4 - Equity Incentive Plans.
Treasury Stock
The Company accounts for repurchases of common stock using the cost method with common stock held in treasury classified as a reduction of shareholders’ equity in its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Shares re-issued out of treasury are recorded based on a last-in first-out method.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the income from continuing operations attributable to GEO, and income (loss) from discontinued operations and net income attributable to GEO, by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is similar to that of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator includes dilutive common stock equivalents such as stock options and shares of restricted stock.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
    
In March 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2013-05, Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830): Parent's Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) (“ASU 2013-05”). The objective of ASU 2013-05 is to resolve diversity in practice regarding the release of the cumulative translation adjustment into net income when a parent either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business within a foreign entity. ASU 2013-05 is effective prospectively for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The ASU is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's results of operations or financial position.

In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2013-10, Inclusion of the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate (or Overnight Index Swap Rate) as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) ("ASU 2013-10"). The objective of ASU 2013-10 is to provide for the inclusion of the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes, in addition to U.S Government Treasury obligations and the London Interbank Offered Rate. ASU 2-13-10 is effective prospectively for qualifying new or redesignated hedging relationships entered into on or after July 17, 2013. The ASU is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's results of operations or financial position.

In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2013-11, Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Tax Force) ("ASU 2013-11"). The objective of ASU 2013-11 is to resolve diversity in practice regarding the presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or tax credit carryforward exists. ASU 2013-11 is effective prospectively for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The ASU is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's results of operations or financial position.
Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the SEC did not, or are not expected to, have a material effect on the Company's results of operations or financial position.