Loans

Loans are reported at their outstanding principal balance net of any unearned income, charge-offs, deferred loan fees and costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans. Loan fees and certain loan origination costs are deferred. Net loan origination costs and premiums or discounts on loans purchased are amortized into interest income over the contractual life of the loans using the level-yield method. Prepayment penalties received on loans which pay in full prior to their scheduled maturity are included in interest income in the period they are collected.

Interest on loans is recognized on the accrual basis. The accrual of income on loans is generally discontinued when certain factors, such as contractual delinquency of

days or more, indicate reasonable doubt as to the timely collectability of such income. Uncollected interest previously recognized on non-accrual loans is reversed from interest income at the time the loan is placed on non-accrual status. A non-accrual loan can be returned to accrual status when contractual delinquency returns to less than

days delinquent. Payments received on non-accrual loans that do

not

bring the loan to less than

days delinquent are recorded on a cash basis. Payments can also be applied

first

as a reduction of principal until all principal is recovered and then subsequently to interest, if in management’s opinion, it is evident that recovery of all principal due is likely to occur.

The Company recognizes a loan as non-performing when the borrower has demonstrated the inability to bring the loan current, or due to other circumstances which, in management’s opinion, indicate the borrower will be unable to bring the loan current within a reasonable time. All loans classified as non-performing, which includes all loans past due

days or more, are classified as non-accrual unless the loan is well secured and there is, in our opinion, compelling evidence the borrower will bring the loan current in the immediate future. Prior to a real estate secured loan becoming

days delinquent, an updated appraisal is ordered and/or an internal evaluation is prepared.

A loan is considered impaired when, based upon current information, the Company believes it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due, both principal and interest, in accordance with the original terms of the loan. Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or at the loan’s observable market price or, as a practical expedient, the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. All non-accrual loans are considered impaired.

The Company maintains an allowance for loan losses at an amount, which, in management’s judgment, is adequate to absorb probable estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Management’s judgment in determining the adequacy of the allowance is based on evaluations of the collectability of loans. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available. An unallocated component

may

at times be maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management's estimate of probable losses. When necessary an unallocated component of the allowance will reflect the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. The allowance is established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the various components of the loan portfolio and other factors, including historical loan loss experience (which is updated quarterly), current economic conditions, delinquency and non-accrual trends, classified loan levels, risk in the portfolio and volumes and trends in loan types, recent trends in charge-offs, changes in underwriting standards, experience, ability and depth of the Company’s lenders, collection policies and experience, internal loan review function and other external factors. When a loan or a portion of a loan is determined to be uncollectible, the portion deemed uncollectible is charged against the allowance, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The determination of the amount of the allowance for loan losses includes estimates that are susceptible to significant changes due to changes in appraisal values of collateral, national and local economic conditions and other factors. We review our loan portfolio by separate categories with similar risk and collateral characteristics. Impaired loans are segregated and reviewed separately.

The Company reviews each impaired loan on an individual basis to determine if either a charge-off or a valuation allowance needs to be allocated to the loan. The Company does

not

charge-off or allocate a valuation allowance to loans for which management has concluded the current value of the underlying collateral will allow for recovery of the loan balance through the sale of the loan or by foreclosure and sale of the property.

The Company considers fair value of collateral dependent loans to be

85%

of the appraised or internally estimated value of the property. The

85%

is based on the actual net proceeds the Bank has received from the sale of other real estate owned (“OREO”) as a percentage of OREO’s appraised value.

For collateral dependent taxi medallion loans, the Company considers fair value to be the value of the underlying medallion based upon the most recently reported arm’s length sales transaction. When there is

recent sale activity, the fair value is calculated using capitalization rates. For both collateral dependent mortgage loans and taxi medallion loans, the amount by which the loan’s book value exceeds fair value is charged-off.

The Company evaluates the underlying collateral through a

third

party appraisal, or when a

third

party appraisal is

not

available, the Company will use an internal evaluation. The internal evaluations are prepared using an income approach or a sales approach. The income approach is used for income producing properties and uses current revenues less operating expenses to determine the net cash flow of the property. Once the net cash flow is determined, the value of the property is calculated using an appropriate capitalization rate for the property. The sales approach uses comparable sales prices in the market. When an internal evaluation is used, we place greater reliance on the income approach to value the collateral.

The Company

may

restructure a loan to enable a borrower experiencing financial difficulties to continue making payments when it is deemed to be in the Company’s best long-term interest. This restructure

may

include reducing the interest rate or amount of the monthly payment for a specified period of time, after which the interest rate and repayment terms revert to the original terms of the loan. We classify these loans as Troubled Debt Restructured (“TDR”).

The Company believes that restructuring these loans in this manner will allow certain borrowers to become and remain current on their loans. All loans classified as TDR are considered impaired, however TDR loans which have been current for

six

consecutive months at the time they are restructured as TDR remain on accrual status and are

not

included as part of non-performing loans. Loans which were delinquent at the time they are restructured as a TDR are placed on non-accrual status and reported as non-accrual performing TDR loans until they have made timely payments for

six

consecutive months. These restructurings have

not

included a reduction of principal balance.

The allocation of a portion of the allowance for loan losses for a performing TDR loan is based upon the present value of the future expected cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective rate, or for a non-performing TDR loan which is collateral dependent, the fair value of the collateral. At

March 31, 2019,

there were

commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were modified to a TDR. The modification of loans to a TDR did

not

have a significant effect on our operating results, nor did it require a significant allocation of the allowance for loan losses.

There were

loan modifications as TDR during

three

months ended

March 31, 2019

and

2018.

The following table shows our recorded investment for loans classified as TDR that are performing according to their restructured terms at the periods indicated:

	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Number of contracts		Recorded investment		Number of contracts		Recorded investment

Multi-family residential		7	$	1,906		7	$	1,916
One-to-four family - mixed-use property		5		1,674		5		1,692
One-to-four family - residential		3		547		3		552
Taxi medallion (1)		10		2,518		15		3,926
Commercial business and other		–		–		1		279
Total performing troubled debt restructured		25	$	6,645		31	$	8,365

(

)

Taxi medallion loans in the table above continue to pay as agreed, however the company records interest received on a cash basis.

During the

three

months ended

March 31, 2019

and

2018,

there were

defaults of TDR loans within

months of their modification date.

The following table shows our recorded investment for loans classified as TDR that are

not

performing according to their restructured terms at the periods indicated:

	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Number of contracts		Recorded investment		Number of contracts		Recorded investment

Multi-family residential		1	$	383		1	$	388
Taxi medallion		3		768		–		–
Commercial business and other		2		852		1		1,397
Total troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted		6	$	2,003		2	$	1,785

Four TDR loans were transferred to non-performing status during the

three

ended

March 31, 2019.

During the

three

months ended

March 31, 2018,

one

taxi medallion TDR was foreclosed upon and transferred to non-performing status. The

three

taxi medallion loans transferred to non-performing status during the

three

months ended

March 31, 2019,

were transferred due to the loans being over

days past their contractual maturity date, however these loans continue to make payments.

The following table shows our non-performing loans at the periods indicated:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018

Non-accrual mortgage loans:
Multi-family residential	$	2,009	$	2,410
Commercial real estate		1,050		1,379
One-to-four family - mixed-use property		1,305		928
One-to-four family - residential		5,708		6,144
Construction		950		–
Total		11,022		10,861

Non-accrual non-mortgage loans:
Small Business Administration		1,227		1,267
Taxi medallion		1,372		613
Commercial business and other		2,114		3,512
Total		4,713		5,392

Total non-accrual loans		15,735		16,253

Total non-performing loans	$	15,735	$	16,253

The following is a summary of interest foregone on non-accrual loans and loans classified as TDR for the periods indicated:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Interest income that would have been recognized had the loans performed in accordance with their original terms	$	394	$	406
Less: Interest income included in the results of operations		118		158
Total foregone interest	$	276	$	248

The following tables show by delinquency an analysis of our recorded investment in loans at the periods indicated:

	March 31, 2019
(In thousands)	30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans


Multi-family residential	$	683	$	–	$	2,009	$	2,692	$	2,253,755	$	2,256,447
Commercial real estate		786		1,794		1,050		3,630		1,525,371		1,529,001
One-to-four family - mixed-use property		1,212		–		1,025		2,237		579,812		582,049
One-to-four family - residential		1,532		155		5,708		7,395		181,220		188,615
Co-operative apartments		–		–		–		–		7,903		7,903
Construction loans		–		–		950		950		53,983		54,933
Small Business Administration		–		–		1,227		1,227		13,961		15,188
Taxi medallion		–		–		768		768		3,123		3,891
Commercial business and other		508		1,299		2,114		3,921		931,376		935,297
Total	$	4,721	$	3,248	$	14,851	$	22,820	$	5,550,504	$	5,573,324

	December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans


Multi-family residential	$	1,887	$	339	$	2,410	$	4,636	$	2,264,412	$	2,269,048
Commercial real estate		379		–		1,379		1,758		1,540,789		1,542,547
One-to-four family - mixed-use property		1,003		322		928		2,253		575,488		577,741
One-to-four family - residential		1,564		–		6,144		7,708		182,642		190,350
Co-operative apartments		–		–		–		–		8,498		8,498
Construction loans		–		730		–		730		49,870		50,600
Small Business Administration		774		68		1,267		2,109		13,101		15,210
Taxi medallion		–		–		–		–		4,539		4,539
Commercial business and other		1,306		281		2,216		3,803		873,960		877,763
Total	$	6,913	$	1,740	$	14,344	$	22,997	$	5,513,299	$	5,536,296

The following tables show the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the

three

month periods indicated:

March 31, 2019
(In thousands)	Multi-family residential			Commercial real estate			One-to-four family - mixed-use property			One-to-four family - residential			Construction loans		Small Business Administration			Taxi medallion			Commercial business and other			Total

Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	5,676		$	4,315		$	1,867		$	749		$	329	$	418		$	–		$	7,591		$	20,945
Charge-off's		–			–			(1	)		–			–		–			–			(1,137	)		(1,138	)
Recoveries		13			–			86			4			–		4			84			45			236
Provision (Benefit)		(196	)		(37	)		(161	)		(22	)		22		(13	)		(84	)		1,463			972
Ending balance	$	5,493		$	4,278		$	1,791		$	731		$	351	$	409		$	–		$	7,962		$	21,015

March 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Multi-family residential			Commercial real estate			One-to-four family - mixed-use property			One-to-four family - residential			Construction loans		Small Business Administration			Taxi medallion		Commercial business and other			Total

Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	5,823		$	4,643		$	2,545		$	1,082		$	68	$	669		$	–	$	5,521		$	20,351
Charge-off's		(53	)		–			–			(1	)		–		(25	)		–		(6	)		(85	)
Recoveries		2			–			–			108			–		6			–		7			123
Provision (Benefit)		(22	)		(41	)		(75	)		(148	)		123		25			–		291			153
Ending balance	$	5,750		$	4,602		$	2,470		$	1,041		$	191	$	675		$	–	$	5,813		$	20,542

The following tables show the manner in which loans were evaluated for impairment at the periods indicated:

March 31, 2019
(In thousands)	Multi-family residential		Commercial real estate		One-to-four family - mixed- use property		One-to-four family- residential		Co-operative apartments		Construction loans		Small Business Administration		Taxi medallion		Commercial business and other		Total
Financing Receivables:
Ending Balance	$	2,256,447	$	1,529,001	$	582,049	$	188,615	$	7,903	$	54,933	$	15,188	$	3,891	$	935,297	$	5,573,324
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	4,104	$	1,097	$	2,987	$	6,463	$	–	$	950	$	1,227	$	3,891	$	2,114	$	22,833
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	2,252,343	$	1,527,904	$	579,062	$	182,152	$	7,903	$	53,983	$	13,961	$	–	$	933,183	$	5,550,491
Allowance for credit losses:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	98	$	–	$	54	$	50	$	–	$	–	$	–	$	–	$	178	$	380
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	5,395	$	4,278	$	1,737	$	681	$	–	$	351	$	409	$	–	$	7,784	$	20,635

December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Multi-family residential		Commercial real estate		One-to-four family - mixed- use property		One-to-four family- residential		Co-operative apartments		Construction loans		Small Business Administration		Taxi medallion		Commercial business and other		Total
Financing Receivables:
Ending Balance	$	2,269,048	$	1,542,547	$	577,741	$	190,350	$	8,498	$	50,600	$	15,210	$	4,539	$	877,763	$	5,536,296
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	4,500	$	1,435	$	3,098	$	6,889	$	–	$	–	$	1,267	$	4,539	$	3,791	$	25,519
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	2,264,548	$	1,541,112	$	574,643	$	183,461	$	8,498	$	50,600	$	13,943	$	–	$	873,972	$	5,510,777
Allowance for credit losses:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	100	$	–	$	143	$	51	$	–	$	–	$	–	$	–	$	866	$	1,160
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	5,576	$	4,315	$	1,724	$	698	$	–	$	329	$	418	$	–	$	6,725	$	19,785

The following table shows our recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and allocated allowance for loan losses for impaired loans at the periods indicated:

	March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance

	(In thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Mortgage loans:
Multi-family residential	$	2,835	$	3,179	$	–	$	3,225	$	3,568	$	–
Commercial real estate		1,097		1,097		–		1,435		1,435		–
One-to-four family mixed-use property		1,983		2,123		–		1,913		2,113		–
One-to-four family residential		6,068		6,221		–		6,490		6,643		–
Construction		950		950		–		–		–		–
Non-mortgage loans:
Small Business Administration		1,227		1,499		–		1,267		1,609		–
Taxi medallion		3,891		11,049		–		4,539		12,788		–
Commercial business and other		1,223		2,352		–		–		–		–

Total loans with no related allowance recorded		19,274		28,470		–		18,869		28,156		–

With an allowance recorded:
Mortgage loans:
Multi-family residential		1,269		1,269		98		1,275		1,275		100
One-to-four family mixed-use property		1,004		1,004		54		1,185		1,185		143
One-to-four family residential		395		395		50		399		399		51
Non-mortgage loans:
Commercial business and other		891		891		178		3,791		3,791		866

Total loans with an allowance recorded		3,559		3,559		380		6,650		6,650		1,160

Total Impaired Loans:
Total mortgage loans	$	15,601	$	16,238	$	202	$	15,922	$	16,618	$	294

Total non-mortgage loans	$	7,232	$	15,791	$	178	$	9,597	$	18,188	$	866

The following table shows our average recorded investment and interest income recognized for impaired loans for the

three

months ended:

	March 31, 2019				March 31, 2018
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized

	(In thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Mortgage loans:
Multi-family residential	$	3,031	$	9	$	4,834	$	20
Commercial real estate		1,266		–		6,915		74
One-to-four family mixed-use property		1,948		17		4,297		41
One-to-four family residential		6,279		2		8,855		15
Construction		475		–		–		–
Non-mortgage loans:
Small Business Administration		1,247		–		118		1
Taxi medallion		4,215		58		6,726		82
Commercial business and other		611		–		196		2

Total loans with no related allowance recorded		19,072		86		31,941		235

With an allowance recorded:
Mortgage loans:
Multi-family residential		1,272		18		2,214		29
Commercial real estate		–		–		993		–
One-to-four family mixed-use property		1,095		10		1,222		9
One-to-four family residential		397		4		413		4
Non-mortgage loans:
Taxi medallion		–		–		–		–
Commercial business and other		2,341		–		338		5

Total loans with an allowance recorded		5,105		32		5,180		47

Total Impaired Loans:
Total mortgage loans	$	15,763	$	60	$	29,743	$	192

Total non-mortgage loans	$	8,414	$	58	$	7,378	$	90

In accordance with our policy and the current regulatory guidelines, we designate loans as “Special Mention,” which are considered “Criticized Loans,” and “Substandard,” “Doubtful,” or “Loss,” which are considered “Classified Loans”. If a loan does

not

fall within

one

of the previous mentioned categories then the loan would be considered “Pass.” Loans that are non-accrual are designated as Substandard, Doubtful or Loss. These loan designations are updated quarterly. We designate a loan as Substandard when a well-defined weakness is identified that

may

jeopardize the orderly liquidation of the debt. We designate a loan Doubtful when it displays the inherent weakness of a Substandard loan with the added provision that collection of the debt in full, on the basis of existing facts, is highly improbable. We designate a loan as Loss if it is deemed the debtor is incapable of repayment. The Company does

not

hold any loans designated as Loss, as loans that are designated as Loss are charged to the Allowance for Loan Losses. We designate a loan as Special Mention if the asset does

not

warrant classification within

one

of the other classifications, but does contain a potential weakness that deserves closer attention.

The following table sets forth the recorded investment in loans designated as Criticized or Classified at the periods indicated:

	March 31, 2019
(In thousands)	Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Loss		Total

Multi-family residential	$	1,322	$	3,938	$	–	$	–	$	5,260
Commercial real estate		374		3,635		–		–		4,009
One-to-four family - mixed-use property		1,341		1,937		–		–		3,278
One-to-four family - residential		297		6,156		–		–		6,453
Construction		–		950		–		–		950
Small Business Administration		473		121		–		–		594
Taxi medallion		–		3,891		–		–		3,891
Commercial business and other		4,293		16,632		1,834		–		22,759
Total loans	$	8,100	$	37,260	$	1,834	$	–	$	47,194

	December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Loss		Total

Multi-family residential	$	2,498	$	4,166	$	–	$	–	$	6,664
Commercial real estate		381		4,051		–		–		4,432
One-to-four family - mixed-use property		1,199		2,034		–		–		3,233
One-to-four family - residential		557		6,665		–		–		7,222
Construction		730		–		–		–		730
Small Business Administration		481		139		–		–		620
Taxi medallion		–		4,539		–		–		4,539
Commercial business and other		730		21,348		3,512		–		25,590
Total loans	$	6,576	$	42,942	$	3,512	$	–	$	53,030

Commitments to extend credit (principally real estate mortgage loans) and lines of credit (principally home equity lines of credit and business lines of credit) amounted to

$82.6

million and

$250.4

million, respectively, at

March 31, 2019.