10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019 

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from          to

Commission File Number 1-13232 (Apartment Investment and Management Company)

Commission File Number 0-24497 (AIMCO Properties, L.P.)

Apartment Investment and Management Company

AIMCO Properties, L.P.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland (Apartment Investment and Management Company)	84-1259577
Delaware (AIMCO Properties, L.P.)	84-1275621
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
4582 South Ulster Street, Suite 1700
Denver, Colorado	80237
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(303) 757-8101

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Aimco Investment and Management Company Class A Common Stock	AIV	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Apartment Investment and Management Company:  Yes  ☒    No  ☐ AIMCO Properties, L.P.:  Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Apartment Investment and Management Company:  Yes  ☒    No  ☐ AIMCO Properties, L.P.:  Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Apartment Investment and Management Company:

Large accelerated filer	☒		Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	☐
			Emerging growth company	☐

AIMCO Properties, L.P.:

Large accelerated filer	☐		Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	☐
			Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Apartment Investment and Management Company: ☐ AIMCO Properties, L.P.: ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Apartment Investment and Management Company:  Yes  ☐    No  ☒ AIMCO Properties, L.P.:  Yes    ☐    No  ☒

The number of shares of Apartment Investment and Management Company Class A Common Stock outstanding as of November 1, 2019: 148,884,686

The number of AIMCO Properties, L.P. Partnership Common Units outstanding as of November 1, 2019: 158,433,601

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This filing combines the reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019, of Apartment Investment and Management Company, or Aimco, and AIMCO Properties, L.P., or the Aimco Operating Partnership. Where it is important to distinguish between the two entities, we refer to them specifically. Otherwise, references to “we,” “us” or “our” mean, collectively, Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership and their consolidated entities.

Aimco, a Maryland corporation, is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT. Aimco, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, is the general and special limited partner of, and as of September 30, 2019, owned a 94.0% ownership interest in the common partnership units of, the Aimco Operating Partnership. The remaining 6.0% interest is owned by limited partners. As the sole general partner of the Aimco Operating Partnership, Aimco has exclusive control of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s day-to-day management.

The Aimco Operating Partnership holds all of Aimco’s assets and manages the daily operations of Aimco’s business. Pursuant to the Aimco Operating Partnership agreement, Aimco is required to contribute to the Aimco Operating Partnership all proceeds from the offerings of its securities. In exchange for the contribution of such proceeds, Aimco receives additional interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership with similar terms (e.g., if Aimco contributes proceeds of a stock offering, Aimco receives partnership units with terms substantially similar to the stock issued by Aimco).

We believe combining the periodic reports of Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership into this single report provides the following benefits:

• We present our business as a whole, in the same manner our management views and operates the business;

• We eliminate duplicative disclosure and provide a more streamlined and readable presentation because a substantial portion of the disclosures apply to both Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership; and

• We save time and cost through the preparation of a single combined report rather than two separate reports.

We operate Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership as one enterprise, the management of Aimco directs the management and operations of the Aimco Operating Partnership, and the members of the Board of Directors of Aimco are identical to those of the Aimco Operating Partnership.

We believe it is important to understand the few differences between Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership in the context of how Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership operate as a consolidated company. Aimco has no assets or liabilities other than its investment in the Aimco Operating Partnership. Also, Aimco is a corporation that issues publicly traded equity from time to time, whereas the Aimco Operating Partnership is a partnership that has no publicly traded equity. Except for the net proceeds from stock offerings by Aimco, which are contributed to the Aimco Operating Partnership in exchange for additional limited partnership interests (of a similar type and in an amount equal to the shares of stock sold in the offering), the Aimco Operating Partnership generates all remaining capital required by its business. These sources include the Aimco Operating Partnership’s working capital, net cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under its revolving credit facility, the issuance of debt and equity securities, including additional partnership units, and proceeds received from the sale of apartment communities.

Equity, partners’ capital and noncontrolling interests are the main areas of difference between the condensed consolidated financial statements of Aimco and those of the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership held by entities other than Aimco, which we refer to as OP Units, are classified within partners’ capital in the Aimco Operating Partnership’s financial statements and as noncontrolling interests in Aimco’s financial statements.

To help investors understand the differences between Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership, this report provides: separate condensed consolidated financial statements for Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership; a single set of condensed consolidated notes to such financial statements that includes separate discussions of each entity’s earnings per share and unit, as applicable; and a combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section that includes discrete information related to each entity, where appropriate.

This report also includes separate Part I, Item 4. Controls and Procedures sections and separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership are both compliant with Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and 18 U.S.C. §1350.

1

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORM 10-Q

		Page
	PART I.     FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	Financial Statements
	Apartment Investment and Management Company:
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	8
	AIMCO Properties, L.P.:
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	9
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)	10
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)	11
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Partners’ Capital (Unaudited)	12
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	14
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Apartment Investment and Management Company and AIMCO Properties, L.P. (Unaudited)	15
ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	46
ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	46
	PART II.     OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	48
ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	48
ITEM 6.	Exhibits	49
Signatures		50

2

PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Buildings and improvements	$	6,848,162		$	6,552,065
Land		1,887,424			1,756,525
Total real estate		8,735,586			8,308,590
Accumulated depreciation		(2,684,694	)		(2,585,115	)
Net real estate		6,050,892			5,723,475
Cash and cash equivalents		58,724			36,858
Restricted cash		34,501			35,737
Other assets		395,061			351,541
Assets held for sale		—			42,393
Total assets	$	6,539,178		$	6,190,004
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Non-recourse property debt, net	$	4,254,710		$	3,915,305
Revolving credit facility borrowings		—			160,360
Total indebtedness		4,254,710			4,075,665
Accrued liabilities and other		397,216			226,230
Liabilities related to assets held for sale		—			23,177
Total liabilities		4,651,926			4,325,072
Preferred noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership		101,178			101,291
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
Equity:
Perpetual Preferred Stock		—			125,000
Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 500,787,260 shares authorized, 148,884,686 and    144,623,034 shares issued/outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018,    respectively		1,489			1,446
Additional paid-in capital		3,497,333			3,515,686
Accumulated other comprehensive income		4,488			4,794
Distributions in excess of earnings		(1,797,851	)		(1,947,507	)
Total Aimco equity		1,705,459			1,699,419
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		1,500			(2,967	)
Common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership		79,115			67,189
Total equity		1,786,074			1,763,641
Total liabilities and equity	$	6,539,178		$	6,190,004

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
REVENUES
Rental and other property revenues attributable to real estate	$	229,827		$	234,048		$	684,262		$	690,571
Asset Management business rental and tax credit revenues		—			8,433			—			49,817
Total revenues		229,827			242,481			684,262			740,388
OPERATING EXPENSES
Property operating expenses attributable to real estate		77,430			78,254			232,453			232,572
Property operating expenses of partnerships served by Asset    Management business		—			2,608			—			20,865
Depreciation and amortization		97,538			96,406			283,027			286,439
General and administrative expenses		11,821			12,479			34,314			37,196
Other expenses, net		4,411			5,780			14,323			13,624
Total operating expenses		191,200			195,527			564,117			590,696
Interest income		2,824			2,712			8,615			7,768
Interest expense		(42,011	)		(45,492	)		(122,961	)		(143,193	)
Gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business		1,146			626,232			356,929			679,738
Other, net		288			(283	)		591			141
Income before income tax benefit (expense)		874			630,123			363,319			694,146
Income tax benefit (expense)		3,096			(26,206	)		1,942			12,617
Net income		3,970			603,917			365,261			706,763
Noncontrolling interests:
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in          consolidated real estate partnerships		58			(1,794	)		(103	)		(8,045	)
Net income attributable to preferred noncontrolling interests in    Aimco Operating Partnership		(1,933	)		(1,934	)		(5,800	)		(5,805	)
Net income attributable to common noncontrolling interests in    Aimco Operating Partnership		(116	)		(30,198	)		(18,787	)		(34,093	)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1,991	)		(33,926	)		(24,690	)		(47,943	)
Net income attributable to Aimco		1,979			569,991			340,571			658,820
Net income attributable to Aimco preferred stockholders		—			(2,148	)		(7,335	)		(6,445	)
Net loss (income) attributable to participating securities		24			(814	)		(431	)		(1,004	)
Net income attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	2,003		$	567,029		$	332,805		$	651,371
Net income attributable to Aimco per common share – basic	$	0.01		$	3.73		$	2.26		$	4.29
Net income attributable to Aimco per common share – diluted	$	0.01		$	3.73		$	2.26		$	4.28
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic		148,434			151,971			147,474			151,928
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted		148,636			152,193			147,692			152,086

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income	$	3,970		$	603,917		$	365,261		$	706,763
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized (losses) gains on available for sale debt securities		(402	)		979			(325	)		(72	)
Losses on interest rate swaps reclassified into earnings from    accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			757			—			1,391
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(402	)		1,736			(325	)		1,319
Comprehensive income		3,568			605,653			364,936			708,082
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1,967	)		(34,020	)		(24,671	)		(48,015	)
Comprehensive income attributable to Aimco common stockholders	$	1,601		$	571,633		$	340,265		$	660,067

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock							Accumulated									Noncontrolling Interests in			Common Noncontrolling Interests in
	Shares Issued		Amount		Shares Issued		Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital			Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Distributions in Excess of Earnings			Total Aimco Equity			Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships			Aimco Operating Partnerships			Total Equity
Balances at June 30, 2018		5,000	$	125,000		152,592	$	1,526	$	3,887,308		$	3,208		$	(2,402,101	)	$	1,614,941		$	(2,984	)	$	42,828		$	1,654,785
Redemption of Aimco Operating      Partnership units		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			(847	)		(847	)
Amortization of share-based      compensation cost		—		—		—		—		1,804			—			—			1,804			—			456			2,260
Effect of changes in ownership of      consolidated entities		—		—		—		—		(753	)		—			—			(753	)		—			753			—
Other, net		—		—		—		—		1			—			(3	)		(2	)		—			—			(2	)
Net income		—		—		—		—		—			—			569,991			569,991			1,794			30,198			601,983
Change in accumulated other      comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		—			1,642			—			1,642			—			94			1,736
Cash dividends paid to Common Stockholders		—		—		—		—		—			—			(59,793	)		(59,793	)		—			—			(59,793	)
Cash dividends paid to Preferred Stockholders		—		—		—		—		—			—			(2,148	)		(2,148	)		—			—			(2,148	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			(415	)		(3,429	)		(3,844	)
Balances at September 30, 2018		5,000	$	125,000		152,592	$	1,526	$	3,888,360		$	4,850		$	(1,894,054	)	$	2,125,682		$	(1,605	)	$	70,053		$	2,194,130
Balances at June 30, 2019		—	$	—		148,827	$	1,488	$	3,498,629		$	4,866		$	(1,741,765	)	$	1,763,218		$	(2,718	)	$	82,366		$	1,842,866
Redemption of Aimco Operating      Partnership Units		—		—		57		1		2,820			—			—			2,821			—			(3,647	)		(826	)
Amortization of share-based      compensation cost		—		—		—		—		1,163			—			—			1,163			—			795			1,958
Effect of changes in ownership of      consolidated entities		—		—		—		—		(5,104	)		—			—			(5,104	)		2,315			2,789			—
Contribution from noncontrolling interest in     consolidated real estate partnerships		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			4,911			—			4,911
Purchase of noncontrolling interest in     consolidated real estate partnerships		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			(2,863	)		—			(2,863	)
Other, net		—		—		1		—		(175	)		—			—			(175	)		—			—			(175	)
Net income		—		—		—		—		—			—			1,979			1,979			(58	)		116			2,037
Change in accumulated other      comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		—			(378	)		—			(378	)		—			(24	)		(402	)
Cash dividends paid to Common Stockholders		—		—		—		—		—			—			(58,065	)		(58,065	)		—			—			(58,065	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			(87	)		(3,280	)		(3,367	)
Balances at September 30, 2019		—	$	—		148,885	$	1,489	$	3,497,333		$	4,488		$	(1,797,851	)	$	1,705,459		$	1,500		$	79,115		$	1,786,074

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock						Common Stock									Accumulated									Noncontrolling Interests in			Common Noncontrolling Interests in
	Shares Issued			Amount			Shares Issued			Amount			Additional Paid-in Capital			Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Distributions in Excess of Earnings			Total Aimco Equity			Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships			Aimco Operating Partnerships			Total Equity
Balances at December 31, 2017		5,000		$	125,000			152,435		$	1,524		$	3,900,090		$	3,603		$	(2,367,073	)	$	1,663,144		$	(1,716	)	$	(5,675	)	$	1,655,753
Issuance of Aimco Operating      Partnership units		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			50,151			50,151
Redemption of Aimco Operating      Partnership units		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(8,458	)		(8,458	)
Amortization of share-based      compensation cost		—			—			21			—			6,285			—			—			6,285			—			1,236			7,521
Effect of changes in ownership of       consolidated entities		—			—			—			—			(18,137	)		—			—			(18,137	)		—			8,036			(10,101	)
Other, net		—			—			136			2			122			—			(5	)		119			—			—			119
Net income		—			—			—			—			—			—			658,820			658,820			8,045			34,093			700,958
Change in accumulated other      comprehensive income		—			—			—			—			—			1,247			—			1,247			—			72			1,319
Cash dividends paid to Common Stockholders		—			—			—			—			—			—			(179,351	)		(179,351	)		—			—			(179,351	)
Cash dividends paid to Preferred Stockholders		—			—			—			—			—			—			(6,445	)		(6,445	)		—			—			(6,445	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(7,934	)		(9,402	)		(17,336	)
Balances at September 30, 2018		5,000		$	125,000			152,592		$	1,526		$	3,888,360		$	4,850		$	(1,894,054	)	$	2,125,682		$	(1,605	)	$	70,053		$	2,194,130
Balances at December 31, 2018		5,000		$	125,000			144,623		$	1,446		$	3,515,686		$	4,794		$	(1,947,507	)	$	1,699,419		$	(2,967	)	$	67,189		$	1,763,641
Repurchases of Common Stock		—			—			(461	)		(5	)		(20,677	)		—			—			(20,682	)		—			—			(20,682	)
Redemption of Preferred Stock		(5,000	)		(125,000	)		—			—			4,089			—			(4,089	)		(125,000	)		—			—			(125,000	)
Issuance of Aimco Operating      Partnership units		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			3,034			3,034
Redemption of Aimco Operating      Partnership Units		—			—			127			2			6,242			—			—			6,244			—			(11,202	)		(4,958	)
Amortization of share-based      compensation cost		—			—			22			—			4,795			—			—			4,795			—			2,387			7,182
Effect of changes in ownership of       consolidated entities		—			—			—			—			(12,123	)		—			—			(12,123	)		3,357			8,766			—
Contribution from noncontrolling interest in     consolidated real estate partnerships		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			4,911			—			4,911
Purchase of noncontrolling interest       in consolidated real estate partnerships		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(3,780	)		—			(3,780	)
Other, net		—			—			82			1			(118	)		—			—			(117	)		19			—			(98	)
Net income		—			—			—			—			—						340,571			340,571			103			18,787			359,461
Change in accumulated other      comprehensive income		—			—			—			—			—			(306	)		—			(306	)		—			(19	)		(325	)
Cash dividends paid to Common Stockholders		—			—			—			—			—			—			(183,579	)		(183,579	)		—			—			(183,579	)
Common Stock issued to Common      Stockholders in special dividend		—			—			4,492			45			(561	)		—			—			(516	)		—			—			(516	)
Cash dividends paid to Preferred Stockholders		—			—			—			—			—			—			(3,247	)		(3,247	)		—			—			(3,247	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(143	)		(9,827	)		(9,970	)
Balances at September 30, 2019		—		$	—			148,885		$	1,489		$	3,497,333		$	4,488		$	(1,797,851	)	$	1,705,459		$	1,500		$	79,115		$	1,786,074

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2019			2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	365,261		$	706,763
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		283,027			286,439
Gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business		(356,929	)		(679,738	)
Income tax benefit		(1,942	)		(12,617	)
Other adjustments		10,429			11,762
Net changes in operating assets and operating liabilities		(21,098	)		(9,683	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		278,748			302,926
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of real estate and deposits related to purchases of real estate		(131,613	)		(212,358	)
Capital expenditures		(292,749	)		(253,149	)
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate		422,463			708,464
Purchases of corporate assets		(14,825	)		(5,530	)
Proceeds from repayments on notes receivable		111			3,242
Other investing activities		608			(1,547	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(16,005	)		239,122
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of non-recourse property debt		667,965			360,613
Principal repayments of non-recourse property debt		(390,346	)		(403,141	)
Repayment of term loan		—			(250,000	)
Net repayments on revolving credit facility		(160,360	)		(67,160	)
Repurchases of Common Stock		(20,682	)		—
Redemption of Preferred Stock		(125,000	)		—
Payment of dividends to Common Stockholders		(183,319	)		(178,937	)
Payment of dividends to Preferred Stockholders		(3,247	)		(6,445	)
Payment of distributions to noncontrolling interests		(16,320	)		(22,549	)
Redemption of noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership		(5,071	)		(8,675	)
Contribution from noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		4,911			—
Purchases of noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		(3,780	)		(3,581	)
Other financing activities		(6,864	)		(415	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(242,113	)		(580,290	)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH		20,630			(38,242	)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD		72,595			142,541
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	$	93,225		$	104,299

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Buildings and improvements	$	6,848,162		$	6,552,065
Land		1,887,424			1,756,525
Total real estate		8,735,586			8,308,590
Accumulated depreciation		(2,684,694	)		(2,585,115	)
Net real estate		6,050,892			5,723,475
Cash and cash equivalents		58,724			36,858
Restricted cash		34,501			35,737
Other assets		395,061			351,541
Assets held for sale		—			42,393
Total assets	$	6,539,178		$	6,190,004
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Non-recourse property debt, net	$	4,254,710		$	3,915,305
Revolving credit facility borrowings		—			160,360
Total indebtedness		4,254,710			4,075,665
Accrued liabilities and other		397,216			226,230
Liabilities related to assets held for sale		—			23,177
Total liabilities		4,651,926			4,325,072
Redeemable preferred units		101,178			101,291
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
Partners’ capital:
Preferred units		—			125,000
General Partner and Special Limited Partner		1,705,459			1,574,419
Limited Partners		79,115			67,189
Partners’ capital attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership		1,784,574			1,766,608
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		1,500			(2,967	)
Total partners’ capital		1,786,074			1,763,641
Total liabilities and partners’ capital	$	6,539,178		$	6,190,004

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per unit data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
REVENUES
Rental and other property revenues attributable to real estate	$	229,827		$	234,048		$	684,262		$	690,571
Asset Management business rental and tax credit revenues		—			8,433			—			49,817
Total revenues		229,827			242,481			684,262			740,388
OPERATING EXPENSES
Property operating expenses attributable to real estate		77,430			78,254			232,453			232,572
Property operating expenses of partnerships served by Asset    Management business		—			2,608			—			20,865
Depreciation and amortization		97,538			96,406			283,027			286,439
General and administrative expenses		11,821			12,479			34,314			37,196
Other expenses, net		4,411			5,780			14,323			13,624
Total operating expenses		191,200			195,527			564,117			590,696
a
Interest income		2,824			2,712			8,615			7,768
Interest expense		(42,011	)		(45,492	)		(122,961	)		(143,193	)
Gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business		1,146			626,232			356,929			679,738
Other, net		288			(283	)		591			141
Income before income tax benefit (expense)		874			630,123			363,319			694,146
Income tax benefit (expense)		3,096			(26,206	)		1,942			12,617
Net income		3,970			603,917			365,261			706,763
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in    consolidated real estate partnerships		58			(1,794	)		(103	)		(8,045	)
Net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership		4,028			602,123			365,158			698,718
Net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred    unitholders		(1,933	)		(4,082	)		(13,135	)		(12,250	)
Net loss (income) attributable to participating securities		43			(941	)		(429	)		(1,145	)
Net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership’s common    unitholders	$	2,138		$	597,100		$	351,594		$	685,323
Net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership per    common unit – basic	$	0.01		$	3.73		$	2.26		$	4.29
Net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership per    common unit – diluted	$	0.01		$	3.72		$	2.26		$	4.29
Weighted average common units outstanding – basic		156,618			160,088			155,644			159,622
Weighted average common units outstanding – diluted		156,879			160,328			155,971			159,787

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

10

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income	$	3,970		$	603,917		$	365,261		$	706,763
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized (losses) gains on available for sale debt securities		(402	)		979			(325	)		(72	)
Losses on interest rate swaps reclassified into earnings from    accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			757			—			1,391
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(402	)		1,736			(325	)		1,319
Comprehensive income		3,568			605,653			364,936			708,082
Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		58			(1,794	)		(103	)		(8,045	)
Comprehensive income attributable to the Aimco Operating    Partnership common unitholders	$	3,626		$	603,859		$	364,833		$	700,037

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

11

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PARTNERS’ CAPITAL

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Units		General Partner and Special Limited Partner			Limited Partners			Partners’ Capital Attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership			Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships			Total Partners’ capital
Balances at June 30, 2018	$	125,000	$	1,489,941		$	42,828		$	1,657,769		$	(2,984	)	$	1,654,785
Redemption of partnership units held      by non-Aimco partners		—		—			(847	)		(847	)		—			(847	)
Amortization of share-based      compensation		—		1,804			456			2,260			—			2,260
Effect of changes in ownership of      partnership units		—		(753	)		753			—			—			—
Other, net		—		(2	)		—			(2	)		—			(2	)
Net income		—		569,991			30,198			600,189			1,794			601,983
Change in accumulated other      comprehensive income		—		1,642			94			1,736			—			1,736
Distributions paid to common unitholders		—		(59,793	)		(3,429	)		(63,222	)		—			(63,222	)
Distributions paid to preferred      unitholders		—		(2,148	)		—			(2,148	)		—			(2,148	)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling      interests in consolidated real      estate partnerships		—		—			—			—			(415	)		(415	)
Balances at September 30, 2018	$	125,000	$	2,000,682		$	70,053		$	2,195,735		$	(1,605	)	$	2,194,130
Balances at June 30, 2019	$	—	$	1,763,218		$	82,366		$	1,845,584		$	(2,718	)	$	1,842,866
Redemption of partnership units held      by non-Aimco partners		—		2,821			(3,647	)		(826	)		—			(826	)
Amortization of share-based      compensation		—		1,163			795			1,958			—			1,958
Effect of changes in ownership of      partnership units and consolidated      entities		—		(5,104	)		2,789			(2,315	)		2,315			—
Contribution from noncontrolling interest in     consolidated real estate partnerships		—		—			—			—			4,911			4,911
Purchase of noncontrolling interest in     consolidated real estate partnerships		—		—			—			—			(2,863	)		(2,863	)
Other, net		—		(175	)		—			(175	)		—			(175	)
Net income		—		1,979			116			2,095			(58	)		2,037
Change in accumulated other      comprehensive income		—		(378	)		(24	)		(402	)		—			(402	)
Distributions paid to common unitholders		—		(58,065	)		(3,280	)		(61,345	)		—			(61,345	)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling      interests in consolidated real      estate partnerships		—		—			—			—			(87	)		(87	)
Balances at September 30, 2019	$	—	$	1,705,459		$	79,115		$	1,784,574		$	1,500		$	1,786,074

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

12

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PARTNERS’ CAPITAL

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Units			General Partner and Special Limited Partner			Limited Partners			Partners’ Capital Attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership			Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships			Total Partners’ Capital
Balances at December 31, 2017	$	125,000		$	1,538,144		$	(5,675	)	$	1,657,469		$	(1,716	)	$	1,655,753
Issuance of common partnership units		—			—			50,151			50,151			—			50,151
Redemption of partnership units held      by non-Aimco partners		—			—			(8,458	)		(8,458	)		—			(8,458	)
Amortization of share-based      compensation		—			6,285			1,236			7,521			—			7,521
Effect of changes in ownership of      partnership units		—			(18,137	)		8,036			(10,101	)		—			(10,101	)
Other, net		—			119			—			119			—			119
Net income		—			658,820			34,093			692,913			8,045			700,958
Change in accumulated other      comprehensive income		—			1,247			72			1,319			—			1,319
Distributions paid to common unitholders		—			(179,351	)		(9,402	)		(188,753	)		—			(188,753	)
Distributions paid to preferred      unitholders		—			(6,445	)		—			(6,445	)		—			(6,445	)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling      interests in consolidated real      estate partnerships		—			—			—			—			(7,934	)		(7,934	)
Balances at September 30, 2018	$	125,000		$	2,000,682		$	70,053		$	2,195,735		$	(1,605	)	$	2,194,130
Balances at December 31, 2018	$	125,000		$	1,574,419		$	67,189		$	1,766,608		$	(2,967	)	$	1,763,641
Repurchases of common partnership      units held by Aimco		—			(20,682	)		—			(20,682	)		—			(20,682	)
Redemption of preferred units held      by Aimco		(125,000	)		—			—			(125,000	)		—			(125,000	)
Issuance of common partnership units		—			—			3,034			3,034			—			3,034
Redemption of partnership units held      by non-Aimco partners		—			6,244			(11,202	)		(4,958	)		—			(4,958	)
Amortization of share-based      compensation		—			4,795			2,387			7,182			—			7,182
Effect of changes in ownership of      partnership units and consolidated      entities		—			(12,123	)		8,766			(3,357	)		3,357			—
Contribution from noncontrolling interest in     consolidated real estate partnerships		—			—			—			—			4,911			4,911
Purchase of noncontrolling interest in       consolidated real estate partnerships		—			—			—			—			(3,780	)		(3,780	)
Other, net		—			(117	)		—			(117	)		19			(98	)
Net income		—			340,571			18,787			359,358			103			359,461
Change in accumulated other      comprehensive income		—			(306	)		(19	)		(325	)		—			(325	)
Distributions paid to common unitholders		—			(183,579	)		(9,827	)		(193,406	)		—			(193,406	)
Common partnership units issued to      common unitholders in special      distribution					(516	)		—			(516	)		—			(516	)
Distributions paid to preferred      unitholders		—			(3,247	)		—			(3,247	)		—			(3,247	)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling      interests in consolidated real      estate partnerships		—			—			—			—			(143	)		(143	)
Balances at September 30, 2019	$	—		$	1,705,459		$	79,115		$	1,784,574		$	1,500		$	1,786,074

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

13

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2019			2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	365,261		$	706,763
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		283,027			286,439
Gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business		(356,929	)		(679,738	)
Income tax benefit		(1,942	)		(12,617	)
Other adjustments		10,429			11,762
Net changes in operating assets and operating liabilities		(21,098	)		(9,683	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		278,748			302,926
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of real estate and deposits related to purchases of real estate		(131,613	)		(212,358	)
Capital expenditures		(292,749	)		(253,149	)
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate		422,463			708,464
Purchases of corporate assets		(14,825	)		(5,530	)
Proceeds from repayments on notes receivable		111			3,242
Other investing activities		608			(1,547	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(16,005	)		239,122
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of non-recourse property debt		667,965			360,613
Principal repayments of non-recourse property debt		(390,346	)		(403,141	)
Repayment of term loan		—			(250,000	)
Net repayments on revolving credit facility		(160,360	)		(67,160	)
Repurchases of common partnership units held by Aimco		(20,682	)		—
Redemption of preferred units held by Aimco		(125,000	)		—
Payment of distributions to Aimco		(183,319	)		(178,937	)
Payment of distributions to Limited Partners		(10,211	)		(8,810	)
Payment of distributions to preferred unitholders		(9,047	)		(12,250	)
Payment of distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		(309	)		(7,934	)
Redemptions of partnership units held by non-Aimco partners		(5,071	)		(8,675	)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		4,911			—
Purchases of noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		(3,780	)		(3,581	)
Other financing activities		(6,864	)		(415	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(242,113	)		(580,290	)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH		20,630			(38,242	)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD		72,595			142,541
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	$	93,225		$	104,299

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

14

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2019

(Unaudited)

Note 1 — Organization

Apartment Investment and Management Company, or Aimco, is a Maryland corporation incorporated on January 10, 1994. Aimco is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT. AIMCO Properties, L.P., or the Aimco Operating Partnership, is a Delaware limited partnership formed on May 16, 1994, to conduct our business, which is focused on the ownership, management, redevelopment and some development of quality apartment communities located in several of the largest markets in the United States.

Aimco, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, AIMCO-GP, Inc. and AIMCO-LP Trust, owns a majority of the ownership interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership. Aimco conducts all of its business and owns all of its assets through the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are referred to as OP Units. OP Units include common partnership units, which we refer to as common OP Units, as well as partnership preferred units, which we refer to as preferred OP Units. As of September 30, 2019, after elimination of units held by consolidated subsidiaries, the Aimco Operating Partnership had 158,447,276 common partnership units outstanding. As of September 30, 2019, Aimco owned 148,884,686 of the common partnership units, or 94.0%, of the Aimco Operating Partnership and Aimco had, an equal number of shares of its Class A Common Stock outstanding, which we refer to as Common Stock.

Except as the context otherwise requires, “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership and their consolidated subsidiaries, collectively.

As of September 30, 2019, we owned an equity interest in 128 apartment communities with 33,824 apartment homes in our portfolio. Our portfolio is diversified by both price point and geography and consists primarily of market rate apartment communities in which we own a substantial interest. We consolidated 124 of these apartment communities with 33,682 apartment homes.

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations, although management believes the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.

The balance sheets of Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership at December 31, 2018, have been derived from their respective audited financial statements at that date, but do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Except where indicated, the footnotes refer to both Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership.

Principles of Consolidation

Aimco’s accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated subsidiaries. The Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Aimco Operating Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries. Please refer to Note 9. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

15

Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are reflected in Aimco’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in partnerships consolidated by the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by third parties are reflected in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships.

Temporary Equity and Partners’ Capital

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred OP Units from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019. As described in Note 6, the preferred OP Units may be redeemed at the holder’s option, and are therefore presented within temporary equity in Aimco’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and within temporary capital in the Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

Balance, December 31, 2018	$	101,291
Distributions to holders of preferred OP Units		(5,800	)
Redemption of preferred OP Units and other		(113	)
Net income attributable to preferred OP Units		5,800
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	101,178

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts included in the financial statements and accompanying notes thereto. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications and Revisions

Certain items in the 2018 condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. We have also reclassified gain on dispositions of real estate and related income taxes, which were previously reported net on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, to now present gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business as a component of income before income tax benefit (expense) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018										Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	As Previously Reported		Adjustments				As Revised				As Previously Reported			Adjustments				As Revised
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	27,941		$	(54,147	)		$	(26,206	)		$	69,724		$	(57,107	)		$	12,617
Gain on dispositions of real estate   and the Asset Management     business		572,085			54,147				626,232				622,631			57,107				679,738

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership effected a reverse split of Common Stock and common partnership units, respectively, at a ratio of one share or unit for every 1.03119 shares or units outstanding on the date of effectiveness. The accounting guidance for recapitalization events requires that we revise Aimco’s equity and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s partners’ capital as if the reverse split had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented. As such, we have revised the outstanding share and unit counts, presentation of share and unit activity, and earnings per share and unit, as if the reverse split had occurred on December 31, 2017.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year

Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted the lease accounting standard issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB. We elected to adopt the new standard using practical expedients that: do not require a look back to expired or existing contracts for embedded leases; allow us to retain the classification of existing leases; and allow us to retain the previous accounting for the initial direct costs of existing leases. Under the new standard, a contract is or contains a lease when it provides the right to control the use of an asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Lessor accounting remains largely unchanged. In our position as a lessor, we have elected the practical expedient that allows us to combine revenue attributable to nonlease components with associated lease components where the timing and pattern of transfer of the components are the same. As a result, we will combine rent payments with payments for other services we provide to our residents, including residents’ reimbursement of utility expenses. We have adopted the standard using the optional transition method that allows for prior reporting periods to remain as originally presented. Please refer to Note 4.

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In 2018, the Securities Exchange Commission, or SEC, amended its rules to eliminate, modify, or integrate into other SEC requirements certain disclosure rules. The amendments are intended to simplify compliance without significantly changing the total mix of information provided to investors. The amendments created a requirement to report changes in equity and dividends per share in interim periods on a comparative basis for both quarter-to-date and year-to-date periods presented. We have presented comparative interim statements of stockholders’ and partners’ equity in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In 2016, the FASB issued a new standard for accounting for financial instruments and credit losses thereon, which changes the method and timing of the recognition of credit losses on financial assets. The standard will require us to estimate and record credit losses over the life of a financial instrument, including receivables, at its inception. We have limited loans receivable and we invest in debt securities, which are subject to the new standard. Financial instruments, including receivables, related to operating leases are excluded from the new standard as they are subject to the lease accounting standard. This credit loss standard is required to be applied using a modified-retrospective approach and requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings be recorded as of the date of adoption. The new standard is effective for us on January 1, 2020. We are currently in the process of completing our analysis of the impact of the standard and do not expect it to have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Note 3 — Significant Transactions

Acquisition of 1001 Brickell Bay Drive

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we acquired a 95% interest in 1001 Brickell Bay Drive, a 1.8-acre waterfront parcel in Miami, Florida, currently improved with an office building. Summarized information regarding this acquisition is set forth in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Purchase price	$	156,750
Capitalized transaction costs		2,339
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		8,250
Total consideration (1)	$	167,339
Acquisition costs allocated to land	$	145,648
Acquisition costs allocated to building and improvements		153,241
Acquisition costs allocated to intangible assets		16,500
Acquisition costs allocated to intangible liabilities		(6,519	)
Deferred tax liability assumed (2)		(141,531	)
Total consideration	$	167,339

(1) Total consideration includes $66.8 million of debt assumed.

(2) The deferred tax liability of $141.5 million resulted from the corporate structure utilized to complete the acquisition and is due to the difference between the purchase price determined in accordance with GAAP and the tax basis of the property. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded an income tax benefit of $1.7 million related to this property.

Acquisitions of Apartment Communities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we acquired an apartment community located in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia. Summarized information regarding this acquisition is set forth in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Number of apartment homes		110
Purchase price (1)	$	65,833
Capitalized transaction costs		892
Total consideration	$	66,725
Acquisition costs allocated to land	$	4,929
Acquisition costs allocated to building (2)		61,271
Acquisition costs allocated to furniture and fixtures (2)		525
Total consideration	$	66,725

(1) The gross purchase price of the acquisition consisted of $32.8 million in cash, $30.9 million of assumed property-level debt and the issuance of 59,761 OP Units. In accordance with GAAP, the OP Units were valued at $50.77 per unit, the Aimco Common Stock closing price on April 5, 2019, the purchase date.

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(2) Amounts are included within the buildings and improvements line item in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Dispositions of Apartment Communities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we sold apartment communities as summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Apartment communities sold		8
Apartment homes sold		2,605
Gain on dispositions of real estate	$	356,929

The apartment communities sold were predominantly located outside of our primary markets or in lower-rated locations within our primary markets and had average revenues per apartment home significantly below those of our retained portfolio.

In addition to the apartment communities we sold during the current period, from time to time we may be marketing for sale certain apartment communities that are inconsistent with our long-term investment strategy. At the end of each reporting period, we evaluate whether such communities meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale. As of September 30, 2019, no apartment communities were classified as held for sale.

Note 4 — Leases

The majority of payments that we receive for our residential and commercial leases are fixed. We receive variable payments from our residents and commercial tenants primarily for utility and other expense reimbursements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, our total lease income was comprised of the following amounts for all operating leases (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Fixed lease income	$	213,945	$	639,359
Variable lease income		15,005		42,814
Total lease income	$	228,950	$	682,173

In general, our commercial leases have options to extend for a certain period of time at the tenant’s option. Future minimum annual rental payments we will receive under commercial operating leases, excluding such extension options, are as follows (in thousands):

October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019	$	7,200
2020		26,861
2021		23,391
2022		19,910
2023		16,081
Thereafter		65,583
Total	$	159,026

Generally, our residential leases do not provide extension options and, as of September 30, 2019, have an average remaining term of 10.3 months. Future minimum rental payments pursuant to residential leases are excluded from the table above due to their shorter term.

For leases in which we are the lessee, beginning in 2019, we recognize right of use assets and related lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Upon adoption of the accounting guidance for leases, we recognized right of use assets of $87.5 million, which are included in other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We also recognized the related lease liabilities of $79.7 million, which are included in accrued liabilities and other on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We estimated the value of the lease liabilities using a discount rate equivalent to the rate we would pay on a secured borrowing with similar terms to the lease.

Substantially all of the payments under our ground and office leases are fixed. Rents for extension periods, when provided for in the lease, are generally adjusted to market value at the time the option is exercised; therefore, these extension periods were not included in our determination of the right of use asset and lease liability. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, our total lease cost for ground leases was $1.3 million and $5.8 million, respectively, and for office leases was $1.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

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As of September 30, 2019, the ground and office leases have weighted average remaining terms of 79.3 years and 8.5 years, respectively, and weighted average discount rates of 4.12% and 3.22%, respectively. Minimum annual rental payments under operating leases, reconciled to the lease liabilities included in accrued liabilities and other on our condensed consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):

	Office Lease Future Minimum Rent			Ground Lease Future Minimum Rent			Total Operating Lease Future Minimum Rent
October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019	$	852		$	529		$	1,381
2020		2,806			2,350			5,156
2021		2,704			2,439			5,143
2022		2,561			2,492			5,053
2023		1,871			2,492			4,363
Thereafter		10,644			422,169			432,813
Total		21,438			432,471			453,909
Less: Discount		(3,091	)		(354,941	)		(358,032	)
Total lease liability	$	18,347		$	77,530		$	95,877

Note 5 — Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

In connection with our redevelopment, development and other capital additions activities, we have entered into various construction-related contracts and we have made commitments to complete redevelopment and development of certain apartment communities, pursuant to financing or other arrangements. As of September 30, 2019, our commitments related to these capital activities totaled approximately $308.9 million, most of which we expect to incur during the next 12 months.

We enter into certain commitments for future purchases of goods and services in connection with the operations of our apartment communities. Those commitments generally have terms of one year or less and reflect expenditure levels comparable to our historical expenditures.

Income Taxes

In 2014, the Internal Revenue Service initiated an audit of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s 2011 and 2012 tax years. This audit was concluded during the three months ended September 30, 2019, with no material effect on our tax benefits, financial condition or results of operations.

Legal Matters

In addition to the matters described below, we are a party to various legal actions and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are covered by our general liability insurance program, and none of which we expect to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Environmental

Various federal, state and local laws subject apartment community owners or operators to liability for management, and the costs of removal or remediation, of certain potentially hazardous materials that may be present in the land or buildings of an apartment community. Such laws often impose liability without regard to fault or whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such materials. The presence of, or the failure to manage or remediate properly, these materials may adversely affect occupancy at such apartment communities as well as the ability to sell or finance such apartment communities. In addition, governmental agencies may bring claims for costs associated with investigation and remediation actions. Moreover, private plaintiffs may potentially make claims for investigation and remediation costs they incur or for personal injury, disease, disability or other infirmities related to the alleged presence of hazardous materials. In addition to potential environmental liabilities or costs associated with our current apartment communities, we may also be responsible for such liabilities or costs associated with communities we acquire or manage in the future, or apartment communities we no longer own or operate.

We are engaged in discussions with the Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, regarding contaminated groundwater near an Indiana apartment community that has not been owned by us since 2008. The contamination allegedly derives from a dry cleaner that operated on our former property, prior to our ownership. We undertook a voluntary remediation of the dry cleaner contamination under IDEM’s oversight. In 2016, EPA listed our former community and a number of residential communities in the vicinity on the National Priorities List, or NPL (i.e. as a Superfund site). In May 2018, we prevailed on our federal judicial appeal vacating the Superfund listing. We continue to work with EPA to identify options for clean-up of the site.

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Although the outcome of these processes are uncertain, we do not expect their resolution to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We also have a contingent liability stemming from a property in Lake Tahoe, California, regarding environmental contamination from the historic operation of a dry cleaner. An entity owned by us was the former general partner of a now-dissolved partnership that previously owned a site that was used for dry cleaning. That entity and the current property owner have been remediating the dry cleaner site since 2009, under the oversight of the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, or Lahontan. In May 2017, Lahontan issued a final cleanup and abatement order that names four potentially-responsible parties, acknowledges that there may be additional responsible parties, and requires the named parties to perform additional groundwater investigation and corrective actions with respect to onsite and offsite contamination. We are appealing the final order while simultaneously complying with it. Although the outcome of this process is uncertain, we do not expect its resolution to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We have determined that our legal obligations to remove or remediate certain potentially hazardous materials may be conditional asset retirement obligations, as defined in GAAP. Except in limited circumstances where the asset retirement activities are expected to be performed in connection with a planned construction project or apartment community casualty, we believe that the fair value of our asset retirement obligations cannot be reasonably estimated due to significant uncertainties in the timing and manner of settlement of those obligations. Asset retirement obligations that are reasonably estimable as of September 30, 2019, are immaterial to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Note 6 — Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit

Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership calculate basic earnings per common share and basic earnings per common unit based on the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock and common partnership units outstanding and excludes participating securities. Diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit are calculated taking into consideration dilutive common stock and common partnership unit equivalents and dilutive convertible securities outstanding during the period.

Our common stock and common partnership unit equivalents include options to purchase shares of Common Stock, which, if exercised, would result in Aimco’s issuance of additional shares and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s issuance to Aimco of additional common partnership units equal to the number of shares purchased under the options. These equivalents also include unvested total stockholder return, or TSR, restricted stock awards that do not meet the definition of participating securities, which would result in an increase in the number of shares of Common Stock and common partnership units outstanding equal to the number of shares that vest. Common partnership unit equivalents also include unvested long-term incentive partnership units. Securities with dilutive effect are included in the denominator for calculating diluted earnings per share and per unit during these periods.

Our time-based restricted stock awards receive non-forfeitable dividends similar to shares of Common Stock and common partnership units prior to vesting. These dividends and distributions are not forfeited if the awards fail to vest. Therefore, the unvested shares and units related to these awards are participating securities. The effect of our time-based restricted stock awards is included in basic and diluted earnings per share and unit computations using the two-class method of allocating distributed and undistributed earnings when the two-class method is more dilutive than the treasury method.

The effect of dilutive securities included in the calculation of earnings per share, and securities not dilutive and excluded from the calculation of earnings per share, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018
Dilutive share equivalents outstanding	202	222	218	158
Dilutive partnership unit equivalents outstanding	261	240	327	165
Non-dilutive share equivalents outstanding	—	184	—	184
Non-dilutive partnership unit equivalents outstanding	—	421	—	421
Unvested restricted participating shares and partnership units	189	250	189	250

The Aimco Operating Partnership has various classes of preferred OP Units, which may be redeemed at the holder’s option. The Aimco Operating Partnership may redeem these units for cash, or at its option, shares of Common Stock. As of September 30, 2019, these preferred OP Units were potentially redeemable for approximately 1.9 million shares of Common Stock (based on the period end market price), or cash. The Aimco Operating Partnership has a redemption policy that requires cash settlement of redemption requests for the preferred OP Units, subject to limited exceptions. Accordingly, we have excluded these securities from earnings per share and unit computations and we expect to exclude them in future periods.

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During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we paid $0.39 and $2.80, respectively, in dividends and distributions per share and per unit. Of the $2.80 paid in dividends and distributions in 2019, $2.02 was paid in March and represents the per share and unit value of the special dividend and special distribution. The special dividend consisted of $67.1 million in cash, 4.5 million shares of Common Stock and $0.4 million of cash paid in lieu of issuing fractional shares. The special distribution consisted of $72.7 million in cash, 4.8 million common partnership units and $0.4 million of cash paid in lieu of issuing fractional units. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we paid $0.38 and $1.14, respectively, in dividends and distributions per share and per unit.

Note 7 — Fair Value Measurements

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

We hold several positions in the securitization trust that holds certain of our property debt and pay interest currently. We also hold the first loss position in the securitization trust, which accrues interest over the term of the investment. These investments were acquired at a discount to face value and we are accreting the discount to the $100.9 million face value of the investments through interest income using the effective interest method over the remaining expected term of the investments, which, as of September 30, 2019, was approximately 1.7 years. We measure at fair value, on a recurring basis, our investments in the securitization trust, which we classify as available for sale, or AFS, debt securities.

Our investments in AFS debt securities are included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our amortized cost basis for AFS debt securities, which represents the original cost adjusted for interest accretion less interest payments received, was $88.3 million and $83.6 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. We estimated the fair value of these investments to be $92.9 million and $88.5 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Our investments in AFS debt securities are classified within Level 2 of the GAAP fair value hierarchy. We estimate the fair value of these investments using an income and market approach with primarily observable inputs, including yields and other information regarding similar types of investments, and adjusted for certain unobservable inputs specific to these investments. The fair value of the positions that pay interest currently typically moves in an inverse relationship with movements in interest rates. The fair value of the first loss position is primarily correlated to collateral quality and demand for similar subordinate commercial mortgage-backed securities.

Fair Value Disclosures

We believe that the carrying value of the consolidated amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and payables approximated their fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, due to their relatively short-term nature and high probability of realization. The carrying amounts of longer term seller financing notes receivable approximated their estimated fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The carrying amount of our total indebtedness approximated its estimated fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. We estimate the fair value of our seller financing notes and our consolidated debt using an income and market approach, including comparison of the contractual terms to observable and unobservable inputs such as market interest rate risk spreads, contractual interest rates, remaining periods to maturity, collateral quality and loan to value ratios on similarly encumbered apartment communities within our portfolio. We classify the fair value of debt and seller financing notes within Level 3 of the GAAP valuation hierarchy based on the significance of certain of the unobservable inputs used to estimate its fair value.

Note 8 — Business Segments

In 2019, as a result of the 2018 sale of the Asset Management business, we revised the information regularly reviewed by our chief executive officer, who is our chief operating decision maker, to assess our operating performance. We have determined we have four segments: Same Store, Redevelopment and Development, Acquisition, and Other Real Estate.

Our Same Store segment includes communities that have reached a stabilized level of operations as of the beginning of a two-year comparable period and maintained it throughout the current and comparable prior year, and are not expected to be sold within 12 months. Our Redevelopment and Development segment includes apartment communities that are currently under construction that have not achieved a stabilized level of operations, and those that have been completed in recent years that have not achieved and maintained stabilized operations for both the current and comparable prior year. Our Acquisition segment includes apartment communities that we have acquired since the beginning of a two-year comparable period. Our Other Real Estate segment primarily includes apartment communities that are subject to limitations on rent increases, communities that we expect to sell within 12 months but do not yet meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale, certain retail spaces and 1001 Brickell Bay Drive.

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Our chief operating decision maker uses proportionate property net operating income to assess the operating performance of our apartment communities. Proportionate property net operating income is defined as our share of rental and other property revenue less our share of property operating expenses for consolidated apartment communities. We exclude from rental and other property revenues the amount of utility costs reimbursed by residents and reflect such amount as a reduction of the related utility expense within property operating expenses in our evaluation of segment results. In our condensed consolidated statements of operations, utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues, in accordance with GAAP.

As of September 30, 2019, our Same Store segment included 95 consolidated apartment communities with 27,640 apartment homes; our Redevelopment and Development segment included seven consolidated apartment communities with 3,137 apartment homes; our Acquisition segment included seven consolidated apartment communities with 1,590 apartment homes; and our Other Real Estate segment included 15 apartment communities with 1,315 apartment homes and one office building.

The following tables present the revenues, proportionate property net operating income and income before income tax benefit (expense) of our segments on a proportionate basis and excluding our proportionate share of four communities with 142 apartment homes, which we do not consolidate, and amounts related to apartment communities sold as of September 30, 2019 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Three months ended September 30, 2019:
Total revenues	$	179,056	$	17,891	$	10,656	$	13,389	$	8,832	$	3		$	229,827
Property operating expenses attributable    to real estate		48,220		7,469		3,317		5,149		8,234		5,041			77,430
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		113,770			113,770
Total operating expenses		48,220		7,469		3,317		5,149		8,234		118,811			191,200
Proportionate property net operating    income		130,836		10,422		7,339		8,240		598		(118,808	)		38,627
Other items included in income before    income tax benefit (4)		—		—		—		—		—		(37,753	)		(37,753	)
Income before income tax benefit	$	130,836	$	10,422	$	7,339	$	8,240	$	598	$	(156,561	)	$	874

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Three months ended September 30, 2018:
Total revenues	$	172,426	$	19,876	$	10,630	$	9,475	$	8,335	$	21,739		$	242,481
Property operating expenses attributable    to real estate		46,751		7,242		2,826		3,652		7,826		9,957			78,254
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		117,273			117,273
Total operating expenses		46,751		7,242		2,826		3,652		7,826		127,230			195,527
Proportionate property net operating    income		125,675		12,634		7,804		5,823		509		(105,491	)		46,954
Other items included in income before    income tax benefit (4)		—		—		—		—		—		583,169			583,169
Income before income tax expense	$	125,675	$	12,634	$	7,804	$	5,823	$	509	$	477,678		$	630,123

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	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Nine months ended September 30, 2019:
Total revenues	$	529,550	$	57,408	$	30,886	$	32,130	$	25,715	$	8,573		$	684,262
Property operating expenses    attributable to real estate		142,124		21,786		9,144		12,940		24,025		22,434			232,453
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		331,664			331,664
Total operating expenses		142,124		21,786		9,144		12,940		24,025		354,098			564,117
Proportionate property net operating    income		387,426		35,622		21,742		19,190		1,690		(345,525	)		120,145
Other items included in income before    income tax expense (4)		—		—		—		—		—		243,174			243,174
Income before income tax benefit	$	387,426	$	35,622	$	21,742	$	19,190	$	1,690	$	(102,351	)	$	363,319

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Nine months ended September 30, 2018:
Total revenues	$	509,357	$	56,436	$	18,567	$	28,164	$	24,103	$	103,761		$	740,388
Property operating expenses    attributable to real estate		139,417		20,678		5,224		11,179		22,551		33,523			232,572
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		358,124			358,124
Total operating expenses		139,417		20,678		5,224		11,179		22,551		391,647			590,696
Proportionate property net operating    income		369,940		35,758		13,343		16,985		1,552		(287,886	)		149,692
Other items included in income before    income tax expense (4)		—		—		—		—		—		544,454			544,454
Income before income tax benefit	$	369,940	$	35,758	$	13,343	$	16,985	$	1,552	$	256,568		$	694,146

(1) Represents adjustments for the noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships’ share of the results of consolidated apartment communities in our segments, which are included in the related consolidated amounts, but excluded from proportionate property net operating income for our segment evaluation. Also includes the reclassification of utility reimbursements from revenues to property operating expenses for the purpose of evaluating segment results. Utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues in our condensed consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with GAAP.

(2) Includes the operating results of apartment communities sold during the periods shown or held for sale at the end of the period, if any, and the operating results of apartment communities owned by consolidated partnerships served by our Asset Management business prior to its sale in July 2018. Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments also includes property management expenses and casualty gains and losses, which are included in consolidated property operating expenses and are not part of our segment performance measure.

(3) Other operating expenses not allocated to segments consists of property operating expenses of partnerships served by our Asset Management business prior to its sale in July 2018, depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses and other operating expenses, which are not included in our measure of segment performance.

(4) Other items included in income before income tax benefit (expense) primarily consists of gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business and interest expense.

The assets of our segments and the consolidated assets not allocated to our segments were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Same Store	$	4,083,389	$	4,131,494
Redevelopment and Development		899,628		792,126
Acquisition		633,462		507,190
Other Real Estate		643,645		327,099
Corporate and other assets (1)		279,054		432,095
Total consolidated assets	$	6,539,178	$	6,190,004

(1) Includes the assets not allocated to our segments, primarily corporate assets and assets of apartment communities sold as of September 30, 2019.

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, capital additions related to our segments were as follows (in thousands):

	2019		2018
Same Store	$	121,069	$	126,140
Redevelopment and Development		147,582		98,191
Acquisition		22,398		9,731
Other Real Estate		12,692		4,194
Total capital additions	$	303,741	$	238,256

Note 9 — Variable Interest Entities

Generally, a variable interest entity, or VIE, is a legal entity in which the equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or the equity investors lack sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. A limited partnership is considered a VIE when the majority of the limited partners unrelated to the general partner possess neither the right to remove the general partner without cause, nor certain rights to participate in the decisions that most significantly affect the financial results of the partnership. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consider qualitative and quantitative factors, including, but not limited to: which activities most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and which party controls such activities; the amount and characteristics of our investment; the obligation or likelihood for us or other investors to provide financial support; and the similarity with and significance to our business activities and the business activities of the other investors. Significant judgments related to these determinations include estimates about the current and future fair values and performance of real estate held by these VIEs and general market conditions.

Aimco consolidates the Aimco Operating Partnership, a VIE of which Aimco is the primary beneficiary. Aimco, through the Aimco Operating Partnership, consolidates all VIEs for which the Aimco Operating Partnership is the primary beneficiary.

All of the VIEs the Aimco Operating Partnership consolidates own interests in one or more apartment communities and are typically structured to generate a return for their partners through the operation and ultimate sale of the communities. The Aimco Operating Partnership is the primary beneficiary in the limited partnerships in which it is the sole decision maker and has a substantial economic interest. The table below summarizes information regarding VIEs consolidated by the Aimco Operating Partnership:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
VIEs with interests in apartment communities		6		9
Apartment communities owned by VIEs		6		9
Apartment homes in communities owned by VIEs		2,056		3,592

Assets of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s consolidated VIEs must first be used to settle the liabilities of such consolidated VIEs. These consolidated VIEs’ creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Aimco Operating Partnership. Assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs are summarized in the table below (in thousands):

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Assets
Net real estate	$	203,443	$	488,127
Cash and cash equivalents		5,604		15,416
Restricted cash		1,884		4,461
Other assets		26,433		3,973
Liabilities
Non-recourse property debt secured by Aimco communities, net		176,840		322,685
Accrued liabilities and other		32,378		13,576

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements in certain circumstances. Certain information included in this Quarterly Report contains or may contain information that is forward-looking, within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including, without limitation, statements regarding: our ability to maintain current or meet projected occupancy, rental rate and property operating results; the effect of acquisitions, dispositions, redevelopments and developments; our ability to meet budgeted costs and timelines, and achieve budgeted rental rates related to our redevelopment and development investments; expectations regarding sales of our apartment communities and the use of proceeds thereof; and our ability to comply with debt covenants, including financial coverage ratios.

Actual results may differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements and, in addition, will be affected by a variety of risks and factors, some of which are beyond our control, including, without limitation:

• Real estate and operating risks, including fluctuations in real estate values and the general economic climate in the markets in which we operate and competition for residents in such markets; national and local economic conditions, including the pace of job growth and the level of unemployment; the amount, location and quality of competitive new housing supply; the timing of acquisitions, dispositions, redevelopments and developments; and changes in operating costs, including energy costs;

• Financing risks, including the availability and cost of capital markets’ financing; the risk that our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest; and the risk that our earnings may not be sufficient to maintain compliance with debt covenants;

• Insurance risks, including the cost of insurance, natural disasters and severe weather such as hurricanes; and

• Legal and regulatory risks, including costs associated with prosecuting or defending claims and any adverse outcomes; the terms of governmental regulations that affect us and interpretations of those regulations; and possible environmental liabilities, including costs, fines or penalties that may be incurred due to necessary remediation of contamination of apartment communities presently or previously owned by us.

In addition, our current and continuing qualification as a real estate investment trust involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and depends on our ability to meet the various requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Code, through actual operating results, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership.

Readers should carefully review our financial statements and the notes thereto, as well as the section entitled “Risk Factors” described in Item 1A of Apartment Investment and Management Company’s and AIMCO Properties, L.P.’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and the other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

As used herein and except as the context otherwise requires, “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Apartment Investment and Management Company (which we refer to as Aimco), AIMCO Properties, L.P. (which we refer to as the Aimco Operating Partnership) and their consolidated entities, collectively.

Certain financial and operating measures found herein and used by management are not defined under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. These measures are defined and reconciled to the most comparable GAAP measures under the Non-GAAP Measures heading and include: Nareit Funds From Operations, Pro forma Funds From Operations, Adjusted Funds From Operations, Free Cash Flow, Economic Income, and the measures used to compute our leverage ratios.

Executive Overview

We are focused on the ownership, management, redevelopment and some development of quality apartment communities located in several of the largest markets in the United States.

Our principal financial objective is to provide predictable and attractive returns to our equity holders. We measure our long-term total return using Economic Income, defined as Net Asset Value, or NAV, growth plus dividends. NAV is used by many investors because the value of company assets can be readily estimated, even for non-earning assets such as land or properties under development. NAV has the advantage of incorporating the investment decisions of thousands of real estate investors, enhancing comparability among companies that have differences in their accounting, avoiding disparity that can result from application of GAAP to investment properties and various ownership structures. Some investors focus on multiples of Adjusted

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Funds From Operations, or AFFO, and Funds From Operations, or FFO. Our disclosure of AFFO, a measure of current return, complements our focus on Economic Income. We also use Pro forma Funds From Operations, or Pro forma FFO, as a secondary measure of operational performance.

Our business plan to achieve our principal financial objective is to:

• operate our portfolio of desirable apartment homes with a high level of focus on customer selection and customer satisfaction and in an efficient manner that produces predictable and growing Free Cash Flow;

• improve our portfolio of apartment communities, which is diversified both by geography and price point, by selling apartment communities with lower projected Free Cash Flow internal rates of return and investing the proceeds from such sales through capital enhancements, redevelopment, some development, and acquisitions with greater land value, higher expected rent growth, and projected Free Cash Flow internal rates of return in excess of those expected from the communities sold;

• use low levels of financial leverage primarily in the form of non-recourse, long-dated, fixed-rate property debt and perpetual preferred equity, a combination that reduces our refunding and re-pricing risk and provides a hedge against increases in interest rates; and

• focus intentionally on a collaborative and productive culture based on respect for others and personal responsibility.

Our business is organized around five areas of strategic focus: operational excellence; redevelopment and development; portfolio management; balance sheet; and team and culture. The results from the execution of our business plan during the three months ended September 30, 2019, are further described below.

Operational Excellence

We own and operate a portfolio of apartment communities, diversified by both geography and price point. At September 30, 2019, our portfolio included 128 apartment communities with 33,824 apartment homes in which we held an average ownership of approximately 99%.

Our property operations team produced solid results for our portfolio for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Highlights include:

• Same Store portfolio average daily occupancy of 96.8%, a 40 basis point increase over the same period in 2018;

• Same Store net operating income increased 4.1% with a net operating income margin of 73.1%, a 20 basis point increase over the three months ended September 30, 2018; and

• Same Store rent increases on renewals and new leases averaged 4.6% and 2.5%, respectively, for a weighted average increase of 3.6%.

Our focus on efficient operations through productivity initiatives such as centralization of administrative tasks, optimization of economies of scale at the corporate level, and investment in more durable, longer-lived materials has helped us control operating expenses. These and other innovations contributed to limiting growth in controllable operating expense (defined as property expenses less taxes, insurance and utility expenses).

Redevelopment and Development

Our second line of business is the redevelopment and some development of apartment communities. Through these activities, we expect to create value by repositioning communities within our portfolio. We measure the rate and quality of financial returns by NAV creation, an important component of Economic Income, our primary measure of long-term financial performance. We undertake ground-up development when warranted by risk-adjusted investment returns, either directly or in connection with the redevelopment of an existing apartment community. When warranted, we rely on the expertise and credit of a third-party developer familiar with the local market to limit our exposure to construction risk.

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We invest to earn leverage-neutral risk-adjusted returns in excess of those expected from the apartment communities sold in “paired trades” to fund the redevelopment or development. Of these two activities, we generally favor redevelopment because it permits adjustment to the scope and timing of spending to align with changing market conditions and customer preferences.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we invested $71.3 million in redevelopment and development. We continued:

• phased redevelopment activities at Bay Parc in Miami;

• the full redevelopment of the North Tower at Flamingo Point in Miami Beach, Florida, and 707 Leahy in Redwood City, California; and

• ground-up construction at Parc Mosaic in Boulder, Colorado, The Fremont on the Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, Colorado, and Elm Creek Townhomes in Elmhurst, Illinois.

At Parc Mosaic, we delivered the first building in August and, as of September 30, has leased 91% of its apartment homes. In late October, we completed construction of the second building and had leased more than half of its apartment homes. The remaining buildings are on schedule to be delivered by year end.

At 707 Leahy, we are on schedule to deliver the first building in the first quarter of 2020, and preleasing is underway.

At Flamingo Point, we began the full renovation of the North Tower and are on schedule to complete construction on the entryway, retail, and amenities by year end.

When possible, we prefer redevelopments that can be completed one unit at a time, when that unit is vacated and available for renovation, or one floor at a time, thereby limiting the number of down units and lease-up risk. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we completed 71 units at six smaller phase projects throughout our portfolio with another 15 units under construction as of September 30, 2019. As of the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we completed 129 units at these projects.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we leased 117 apartment homes at redevelopment communities. As of September 30, 2019, our exposure to lease-up at active redevelopment and development communities was approximately 894 apartment homes, or less than 3% of our portfolio.

Please see below under the Liquidity and Capital Resources – Redevelopment and Development heading for additional information regarding our redevelopment and development investment during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Portfolio Management

Our portfolio of apartment communities is diversified across “A,” “B,” and “C+” price points, averaging “B/B+” in quality, and is geographically diversified across several of the largest markets in the United States. We measure the quality of apartment communities in our portfolio based on average rents of our apartment homes compared to local market average rents as reported by a third-party provider of commercial real estate performance and analysis. Under this rating system, we classify as “A” quality apartment communities those earning rents greater than 125% of local market average; as “B” quality apartment communities those earning rents between 90% and 125% of local market average; as “C+” quality apartment communities those earning rents greater than $1,100 per month, but lower than 90% of local market average; and as “C” quality apartment communities those earning rents less than $1,100 per month and lower than 90% of local market average. We classify as “B/B+” quality a portfolio that on average earns rents between 100% and 125% of local market average rents. Although some companies and analysts within the multifamily real estate industry use apartment community quality ratings of “A,” “B” and “C,” some of which are tied to local market rent averages, the metrics used to classify apartment community quality as well as the period for which local market rents are calculated may vary from company to company. Accordingly, our rating system for measuring apartment community quality is neither broadly nor consistently used in the multifamily real estate industry.

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
Average revenue per Aimco apartment home (1)	$	2,262		$	2,131
Portfolio average rents as a percentage of local market average rents		113	%		113	%
Percentage A (3Q 2019 average revenue per Aimco apartment home $2,976)		52	%		51	%
Percentage B (3Q 2019 average revenue per Aimco apartment home $1,979)		30	%		33	%
Percentage C+ (3Q 2019 average revenue per Aimco apartment home $1,782)		18	%		16	%

(1) Represents average monthly rental and other property revenues (excluding resident reimbursement of utility cost) divided by the number of occupied apartment homes as of the end of the period.

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Our average revenue per apartment home was $2,262 for the three months ended September 30, 2019, a 6% increase compared to 2018. This increase is due to growth in Same Store revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, as well as our acquisition activities, lease-up of redevelopment communities, and sales of communities with average monthly revenues per apartment home lower than those of the retained portfolio.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we have reallocated capital from slower-growth markets such as Chicago and reinvested the proceeds in higher-growth market such as Miami, Denver, and Boston.

As part of our portfolio strategy, we seek to sell up to 10% of our portfolio annually and to reinvest the proceeds from such sales in accretive uses such as capital enhancements, redevelopments, some developments, and selective acquisitions with projected Free Cash Flow internal rates of return higher than expected from the communities being sold. Through this disciplined approach to capital recycling, we increase the quality and expected growth rate of our portfolio.

As we execute our portfolio strategy, we expect to increase average revenue per Aimco apartment home at a rate greater than market rent growth; increase Free Cash Flow margins; and maintain sufficient geographic and price point diversification to limit volatility and concentration risk.

Acquisitions

We evaluate potential acquisitions with an eye for unique and opportunistic investments, for example real estate transactions where the land is a significant percentage of the total value, and fund acquisitions pursuant to our strict “paired trade” discipline.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we acquired for $157 million a 95% ownership in 1001 Brickell Bay Drive, the 350,000 square foot office building and land contiguous to our Yacht Club Apartments.

Combined, Yacht Club and 1001 Brickell Bay Drive give us 4.25 acres, 600 linear feet of bay frontage, and the ability to increase density by 10% over what could be developed on the individual parcels. We are evaluating options to maximize returns and minimize risk on the monetization of our investment. In the meantime, we will earn income from the office building operations in excess of the lost income for those properties being sold to fund the investment.

Year-to-date, we have acquired three properties: One Ardmore in Ardmore, Pennsylvania; 50 Rogers Street, a community under construction in Cambridge, Massachusetts; and 1001 Brickell Bay Drive in Miami, Florida. These acquisitions have an expected weighted-average Free Cash Flow internal rate of return of approximately 9%, approximately 300 basis points better than expected from the properties being sold in paired trades to fund the acquisitions.

Dispositions

No dispositions were made during the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Year-to-date, we have sold eight properties generating net proceeds of $418 million used to fund acquisitions, redevelopment and development, the repurchase of common shares in the fourth quarter of 2018, and general corporate uses.

Balance Sheet

Leverage

Our leverage strategy seeks to increase financial returns by using leverage with appropriate caution. We limit risk through our balance sheet structure, employing low leverage, primarily non-recourse and long-dated property debt; build financial flexibility by maintaining ample unused and available credit as well as holding properties with substantial value unencumbered by property debt; and use partners’ capital when it enhances financial returns or reduces investment risk.

Our leverage includes our share of long-term, non-recourse, property debt encumbering apartment communities, outstanding borrowings on the revolving credit facility, and outstanding preferred equity.  

We are responding to today’s interest rates to extend duration, reduce refinancing risk, and lower our cost of debt.

For additional information regarding our leverage, please see the discussion under the Liquidity and Capital Resources heading.

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Leverage Ratios

Our target ratios are Proportionate Debt and Preferred Equity to Adjusted EBITDAre below 7.0x and Adjusted EBITDAre to Adjusted Interest Expense and Preferred Dividends greater than 2.5x. Our leverage ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2019, are presented below:

	Leverage Ratios
Proportionate Debt to Adjusted EBITDAre	7.3x
Proportionate Debt and Preferred Equity to Adjusted EBITDAre	7.5x
Adjusted EBITDAre to Adjusted Interest Expense	3.6x
Adjusted EBITDAre to Adjusted Interest Expense and Preferred Dividends	3.5x

We calculate Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted Interest Expense used in our leverage ratios based on the most recent three month amounts, annualized. Our leverage to EBITDAre ratios, while above target, are consistent with plan and expected to be 6.8x and 7.0x, respectively, by year end.

In 2019, we retitled our Adjusted EBITDA measure to Adjusted EBITDAre in our calculation of leverage ratios. The computation of Adjusted EBITDAre has been modified from our prior measure to include amortization of debt issuance costs as a component of interest expense in both the computation of Adjusted Interest Expense and EBITDAre. The impact of this change is less than 0.1x to each ratio. We also began presenting a reconciliation of net income to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization for real estate, or EBITDAre, as defined by Nareit. Please refer to the Leverage Ratios section below.

Refinancing Activity

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we financed $668.0 million of new non-recourse, fixed-rate property debt. These loans have a weighted-average interest rate of 3.34%, a weighted-average term to maturity of 11.4 years, and lower our annual cost of leverage by approximately 10 basis points. We also rate-locked a $100.0 million fixed-rate, non-recourse, property loan with an eleven-year maturity and an interest rate of 3.21%, which is expected to close during the three months ending December 31, 2019.

Liquidity

We use our credit facility primarily for working capital and other short-term purposes and to secure letters of credit. Our liquidity consists of cash balances and available capacity on our revolving line of credit. As of September 30, 2019, we had cash and restricted cash of $93.2 million and had the capacity to borrow up to $792.8 million on our revolving credit facility, after consideration of $7.2 million of letters of credit backed by the facility.

We manage our financial flexibility by maintaining an investment grade rating and holding apartment communities that are unencumbered by property debt. At September 30, 2019, we held unencumbered apartment communities with an estimated fair market value of approximately $2.4 billion.    

Two credit rating agencies rate our creditworthiness using different methodologies and ratios for assessing our credit, and both have rated our credit and outlook as BBB- (stable), an investment grade rating. Although some of the ratios they use are similar to those we use to measure our leverage, there are differences in our methods of calculation and therefore our leverage ratios disclosed above are not indicative of the ratios that may be calculated by these agencies.

Equity Capital Activities

On October 29, 2019, our Board of Directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.39 per share of Class A Common Stock for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, representing an increase of 3% compared to the regular quarterly dividends paid in 2018. This amount is payable on November 29, 2019, to stockholders of record on November 15, 2019.

Team and Culture

Our team and culture are keys to our success. Our intentional focus on a collaborative and productive culture based on respect for others and personal responsibility is reinforced by a preference for promotion from within based on succession planning and talent development to produce a strong, stable team that is the enduring foundation of our success. Out of hundreds of participating companies in 2019, Aimco was one of only seven recognized as a “Top Place to Work” in Colorado for each of the past seven years. Aimco was also recognized as a Top Workplace in the Bay Area in 2019. Also in 2019, Aimco was the only real estate company to receive a BEST award from the Association for Talent Development in recognition of our company-wide success in talent development, marking our second consecutive year receiving this award.

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Key Financial Indicators

The key financial indicators that we use in managing our business and in evaluating our operating performance are Economic Income, our measure of long-term total return, and AFFO, our measure of current return. In addition to these indicators, we evaluate our operating performance and financial condition using: Pro forma FFO; Free Cash Flow; Same Store property net operating income; proportionate property net operating income; average revenue per effective apartment home; leverage ratios; and net leverage.

Results of Operations

Because our operating results depend primarily on income from our apartment communities, the supply of and demand for apartments influences our operating results. Additionally, the level of expenses required to operate and maintain our apartment communities and the pace and price at which we redevelop, acquire and dispose of our apartment communities affect our operating results.

The following discussion and analysis of the results of our operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1.

Financial Highlights

Net income attributable to common stockholders per common share decreased during the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, primarily due to lower gains from dispositions.

Pro forma FFO per share was up $0.01 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018 due to the following items:

• $0.03 contribution from Same Store property net operating income growth of 4.1%, driven by a 3.8% increase in revenue, offset by a 3.1% increase in expenses;

• $0.02 lower cost of leverage; offset by

• ($0.02) contribution eliminated following the 2018 Asset Management business paired trade, net of the benefit of reinvestment in apartment communities with higher long-term growth prospects; and

• ($0.02) other net items, including contributions from investments in accretive acquisitions, redevelopment, and development, offset by sales of lower-growth apartment communities to fund these investments, and reduced tax benefit.

AFFO per share was flat for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018 due to the $0.01 increase in Pro forma FFO per share offset by a $0.01 increase in capital replacement spending. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we expect total capital replacement expenditures, per share, to be flat year-over-year as we continue to upgrade our portfolio and invest capital in fewer, but more valuable, properties.

Detailed Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to September 30, 2018

Net income attributable to Aimco decreased by $568.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to 2018. Net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership decreased by $598.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to 2018. Details regarding the decreases in net income are described more fully below.

Property Operations

As further described below, we have four segments: Same Store, Redevelopment and Development, Acquisition and Other Real Estate. Our Same Store segment includes Same Store communities, which are those that have reached a stabilized level of operations as of the beginning of a two-year comparable period and maintained it throughout the current and comparable prior year, and are not expected to be sold within 12 months. Our Redevelopment and Development segment includes communities that are currently under construction that have not achieved a stabilized level of operations, and those that have been completed in recent years that have not achieved and maintained stabilized operations for both the current and comparable prior year. Our Acquisition segment includes those communities that we have acquired since the beginning of a two-year comparable period. Our Other Real Estate segment primarily includes apartment communities that are subject to limitations on rent increases, communities that we expect to sell within 12 months but do not yet meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale, certain retail spaces and 1001 Brickell Bay Drive.

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As of September 30, 2019, our Same Store segment included 95 Same Store apartment communities with 27,640 apartment homes.

From December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019, on a net basis, our Same Store segment increased by two apartment communities and 1,735 apartment homes. These changes consisted of:

• the addition of eight redeveloped and developed apartment communities with 3,008 apartment homes previously classified in the Redevelopment and Development segment, now classified as Same Store upon maintaining stabilized operations for the entirety of the periods presented;

• the addition of one apartment community with 463 apartment homes, previously classified in the Acquisition segment, now classified as Same Store because we have now owned it for the entirety of both periods presented;

• the addition of one apartment community with 246 apartments homes, previously classified in the Other Real Estate segment, which maintained stabilized operations for the entirety of the periods presented following a casualty event;

• the addition of one apartment community with 72 apartment homes that we separated into a newly branded stand-alone community from an existing community that was previously classified in the Redevelopment and Development segment, resulting in an increase of one community with no change in the total number of apartment homes;

• the reduction of two apartment communities with 153 apartment homes for which we commenced redevelopment during the period and were reclassified to the Redevelopment and Development segment;

• the reduction of one apartment community with 78 apartment homes that we expect to sell within 12 months that is now classified in the Other Real Estate segment; and

• the reduction of six apartment communities with 1,823 apartment homes that were sold as of September 30, 2019.

As of September 30, 2019: our Redevelopment and Development segment included seven apartment communities with 3,137 apartment homes; our Acquisition segment included seven apartment communities with 1,590 apartment homes; and our Other Real Estate segment included 15 apartment communities with 1,315 apartment homes and one office building.

We use proportionate property net operating income to assess the operating performance of our communities. Proportionate property net operating income reflects our share of rental and other property revenues, excluding resident utility reimbursement, less direct property operating expenses, net of resident utility reimbursement, for consolidated communities. Accordingly, the results of operations of our segments discussed below are presented on a proportionate basis and exclude the results of four apartment communities with 142 apartment homes that we do not consolidate.

We do not include offsite costs associated with property management or casualty-related amounts in our assessment of segment performance. Accordingly, these items are not allocated to our segment results discussed below.

Please refer to Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 for further discussion regarding our segments, including a reconciliation of these proportionate amounts to consolidated rental and other property revenues and property operating expense.

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The results of our segments for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, as presented below, are based on the apartment community populations as of September 30, 2019.

	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2018		$ Change			% Change
Rental and other property revenues, before utility reimbursements:
Same Store	$	179,056	$	172,426	$	6,630			3.8	%
Redevelopment and Development		17,891		19,876		(1,985	)		(10.0	%)
Acquisition		10,656		10,630		26			0.2	%
Other Real Estate		13,389		9,475		3,914			41.3	%
Total		220,992		212,407		8,585			4.0	%
Property operating expenses, net of utility reimbursements:
Same Store		48,220		46,751		1,469			3.1	%
Redevelopment and Development		7,469		7,242		227			3.1	%
Acquisition		3,317		2,826		491			17.4	%
Other Real Estate		5,149		3,652		1,497			41.0	%
Total		64,155		60,471		3,684			6.1	%
Proportionate property net operating income:
Same Store		130,836		125,675		5,161			4.1	%
Redevelopment and Development		10,422		12,634		(2,212	)		(17.5	%)
Acquisition		7,339		7,804		(465	)		(6.0	%)
Other Real Estate		8,240		5,823		2,417			41.5	%
Total	$	156,837	$	151,936	$	4,901			3.2	%

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, our Same Store proportionate property net operating income increased by $5.2 million, or 4.1%. This increase was primarily attributable to a $6.6 million, or 3.8% increase in rental and other property revenues due to higher average revenues of $72 per Aimco apartment home comprised of increases in rental rates and a 40 basis point increase in average daily occupancy. Renewal rents, which is the rent paid by an existing resident who renewed a lease compared to the rent paid prior to renewal, were up 4.6%, and new lease rents, which is the rent paid by a new resident compared to the rent paid by the previous resident of the same apartment home, were up 2.5%, resulting in a weighted-average increase of 3.6%. The increase in Same Store rental and other property revenues was partially offset by a $1.5 million, or 3.1%, increase in property operating expenses primarily due to higher real estate taxes, partially offset by a decrease in utilities expense, net. During the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, controllable operating expenses, which exclude utility costs, real estate taxes and insurance, decreased by $0.2 million, or 0.8%.

Redevelopment and Development proportionate property net operating income decreased by $2.2 million, or 17.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018. This decrease was primarily attributable to de-leasing at Flamingo Point and 707 Leahy in preparation for redevelopment, partially offset by increased occupancy and higher average revenue per apartment home driven by lease-up at Park Towne Place.

Other Real Estate proportionate property net operating income increased by $2.4 million, or 41.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to the acquisition of the 1001 Brickell Bay Drive property in July 2019.

Detailed Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to September 30, 2018

Net income attributable to Aimco decreased by $318.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to 2018. Net income attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership decreased by $333.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to 2018. Details regarding the decreases in net income are described more fully below.

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The results of our segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 as presented below, are based on the apartment community populations as of September 30, 2019.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2018		$ Change			% Change
Rental and other property revenues, before utility reimbursements:
Same Store	$	529,550	$	509,357	$	20,193			4.0	%
Redevelopment and Development		57,408		56,436		972			1.7	%
Acquisition		30,886		18,567		12,319			66.3	%
Other Real Estate		32,130		28,164		3,966			14.1	%
Total		649,974		612,524		37,450			6.1	%
Property operating expenses, net of utility reimbursements:
Same Store		142,124		139,417		2,707			1.9	%
Redevelopment and Development		21,786		20,678		1,108			5.4	%
Acquisition		9,144		5,224		3,920			75.0	%
Other Real Estate		12,940		11,179		1,761			15.8	%
Total		185,994		176,498		9,496			5.4	%
Proportionate property net operating income:
Same Store		387,426		369,940		17,486			4.7	%
Redevelopment and Development		35,622		35,758		(136	)		(0.4	%)
Acquisition		21,742		13,343		8,399			62.9	%
Other Real Estate		19,190		16,985		2,205			13.0	%
Total	$	463,980	$	436,026	$	27,954			6.4	%

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, our Same Store proportionate property net operating income increased by $17.5 million, or 4.7%. This increase was primarily attributable to a $20.2 million, or 4.0%, increase in rental and other property revenues due to higher average revenues of $69 per Aimco apartment home comprised of increases in rental rates and an 60 basis point increase in average daily occupancy. Renewal rents, which is the rent paid by an existing resident who renewed a lease compared to the rent paid prior to renewal, were up 4.9% and new lease rents, which is the rent paid by a new resident compared to the rent paid by the previous resident of the same apartment home, were up 2.0% resulting in a weighted average increase of 3.5%. The increase in Same Store rental and other property revenues was partially offset by a $2.7 million, or 1.9%, increase in property operating expenses primarily due to higher real estate taxes and repairs and maintenance expense, partially offset by a decrease in utilities expense, net. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, controllable operating expenses, which exclude utility costs, real estate taxes and insurance, decreased by $0.3 million, or 0.4%.

Acquisition proportionate property net operating income increased by $8.4 million or 62.9%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018. This increase was primarily attributable to a full period of operating activity at communities acquired in 2018 and 2019, compared to five months of operations for the four Philadelphia communities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Other Real Estate proportionate property net operating income increased by $2.2 million, or 13.0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, primarily due to the acquisition of 1001 Brickell Bay Drive in 2019, partially offset by increases in repairs and maintenance expense, real estate taxes, and personnel expenses.

Non-Segment Real Estate Operations

Operating income amounts not attributed to our segments include offsite costs associated with property management, casualty losses, and the results of apartment communities sold, reported in consolidated amounts, which we do not allocate to our segments for purposes of evaluating segment performance. Please see Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, casualty losses totaled $0.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively, and included several minor claims.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, casualty losses totaled $4.5 million and included large claims related to fires and water and winter storm damage, and several minor claims. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, casualty losses totaled $2.4 million and included several claims primarily related to winter storm damage, partially offset by recovery from insurance carriers for insured losses in excess of policy limits.

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Net operating income decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, by $8.4 million and $30.1 million, respectively, due to the sale of apartment communities in 2018 and 2019.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, net operating income decreased by $5.8 million and $29.0 million, respectively, due to the 2018 sale of our Asset Management business.

Depreciation and Amortization

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, depreciation and amortization increased by $1.1 million, or 1.2%, primarily due to depreciation and amortization related to properties acquired in 2018 and 2019 and renovated homes placed in service, partially offset by the reduction of depreciation associated with apartment communities sold in 2018 and 2019. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, depreciation and amortization decreased by $3.4 million, or 1.2%, primarily due to the reduction of depreciation expense associated with communities owned by partnerships served by our Asset Management business, which was sold in 2018, and depreciation associated with apartment communities sold in 2018 and 2019, partially offset by depreciation and amortization related to apartment communities acquired in 2018 and 2019 and renovated apartment homes placed in service upon their completion.

General and Administrative Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, general and administrative expenses decreased $2.9 million, or 7.7%, primarily due to timing of personnel costs, partially offset by an increase in travel expenses.

Other Expenses, Net

Other expenses, net includes costs associated with our risk management activities, partnership administration expenses and certain non-recurring items.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, other expenses decreased by $1.4 million, or 23.7%, primarily due to reduced legal fees associated with 2018 Airbnb litigation.

Interest Expense

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, interest expense, which includes the amortization of debt issuance costs, decreased $3.5 million, or 7.7%, and $20.2 million, or 14.1%, respectively, due to lower interest on property-level debt following refinancing and debt payoff activity, including the 2018 repayment of our term loan, partially offset by an increase in prepayment penalties and interest on property-level debt assumed in connection with our acquisition of 1001 Brickell Bay Drive and the Philadelphia portfolio.

Gain on Dispositions of Real Estate and the Asset Management Business

The table below summarizes dispositions of apartment communities from our portfolio during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Number of apartment communities sold		—		1		8		4
Gross proceeds	$	—	$	170.4	$	487.6	$	242.3
Net proceeds (1)		—		165.5		418.3		235.9
Gain on dispositions (2)		1.1		122.6		356.9		175.9

(1) Net proceeds are after repayment of debt, if any, net working capital settlements, payments of transaction costs and debt prepayment penalties, if applicable.

(2) During the three months ended September 30, 2019, gain on dispositions includes the expiration of indemnification liabilities related to the sale of our Asset Management business.

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)

Certain of our operations, including property management and risk management, are conducted through taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRS entities. Additionally, some of our apartment communities are owned through TRS entities.

Our income tax benefit (expense) calculated in accordance with GAAP includes: (a) income taxes associated with the income or loss of our TRS entities including tax on gains on dispositions, for which the tax consequences have been realized or will be realized in future periods; (b) low income housing tax credits generated prior to the sale of our Asset Management

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business and four Hunters Point apartment communities that offset REIT taxable income, primarily from retained capital gains; and (c) historic tax credits that offset income tax obligations of our TRS entities. Income taxes related to these items, as well as changes in valuation allowance and the establishment of incremental deferred tax items in conjunction with intercompany asset transfers (if applicable), are included in income tax (expense) benefit in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, we incurred income tax benefit of $3.1 million compared to income tax expense of $26.2 million during the same period in 2018. The change is primarily due to tax on the gain related to the 2018 sale of the Asset Management business and lower historic tax credits generated in 2019, partially offset by the release of a previously established valuation allowance as a result of the sale. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, income tax benefit decreased by $10.7 million primarily due to a tax benefit recognized in connection with a 2018 intercompany transfer of assets related to our Asset Management business and the release of the valuation allowance described above, partially offset by tax on 2018 dispositions and lower historic tax credits generated in 2019.

Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships

Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships reflects the results of our consolidated real estate partnerships allocated to the owners who are not affiliated with Aimco. The amounts of income or loss of our consolidated real estate partnerships that we allocate to owners not affiliated with Aimco include their share of property management fees, interest on notes and other amounts that we charge to these partnerships.

The amount of net income attributed to noncontrolling interests was driven by two primary factors: the operations of the consolidated apartment communities and gains on the sale of apartment communities with noncontrolling interest holders, as further discussed below.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, we attributed net loss of $0.1 million, and we attributed net income of $1.8 million for the same period during 2018. The amounts attributed to noncontrolling interests resulting from operations of the consolidated apartment communities were $0.1 million net loss and $0.1 million net income for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Additionally, we attributed the gain on the sale of an apartment community to noncontrolling interests totaling $1.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we attributed net income of $0.1 million and $8.0 million, respectively, to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships. The operating income attributed to noncontrolling interests resulting from operations of the consolidated apartment communities was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Additionally, we attributed the gain on the sales of apartment communities to noncontrolling interests totaling $7.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Noncontrolling Interests in Aimco Operating Partnership

In Aimco’s consolidated financial statements, noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership reflects the results attributable to the OP Unit holders. For the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, net income attributed to noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership decreased by $30.1 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 2018, net income attributed to noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership decreased by $15.3 million. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership fluctuates in proportion to variations in net income, as described above. The overall percentage of net income attributed to noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership increased due to the issuance of OP Units as partial consideration for the acquisition of apartment communities in May 2018 and April 2019 and the repurchases of Common Stock completed in 2018. These transactions increased the noncontrolling interests’ share of the Aimco Operating Partnership relative to Aimco’s ownership.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions. We believe that the critical accounting policies that involve our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements relate to the impairment of long-lived assets and capitalized costs.

Our critical accounting policies are described in more detail in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies from those reported in our Form 10-K and we believe that the related judgments and assessments have been consistently applied and produce financial information that fairly depicts the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for all periods presented.

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Non-GAAP Measures

Various key financial indicators we use in managing our business and in evaluating our financial condition and operating performance are non-GAAP measures. Key non-GAAP measures we use are defined and described below, and for those non-GAAP measures used or disclosed within this quarterly report, reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures to the most comparable financial measure computed in accordance with GAAP are provided.

We measure our long-term total return using Economic Income, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. Economic Income represents stockholder value creation as measured by the per share change in estimated net asset value, or NAV, plus cash dividends. We believe Economic Income is important to investors as it represents a measure of the total return we have earned for our stockholders. We report and reconcile Economic Income annually. Please refer to the section entitled Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations described in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, for more information about Economic Income.

Nareit FFO, Pro forma FFO and AFFO are non-GAAP financial measures, which are defined and further described below under the Nareit Funds From Operations, Pro forma Funds From Operations and Adjusted Funds From Operations heading.

Free Cash Flow, or FCF, as calculated for our retained portfolio, represents an apartment community’s property net operating income, or NOI, less spending for Capital Replacements, which represents our estimation of the capital additions made to replace capital assets consumed during our ownership period (further discussed under the Nareit Funds From Operations, Pro forma Funds From Operations and Adjusted Funds From Operations heading and the Liquidity and Capital Resources heading). FCF margin as calculated for apartment communities sold represents the sold apartment community’s NOI less $1,200 per apartment home of assumed annual capital replacement spending, as a percentage of the apartment community’s rental and other property revenues. Capital replacement spending represents a measure of capital asset usage during the period; therefore, we believe that FCF is useful to investors as a supplemental measure of apartment community performance because it takes into consideration costs incurred during the period to replace capital assets that have been consumed during our ownership.

Nareit Funds From Operations, Pro Forma Funds From Operations and Adjusted Funds From Operations

Nareit FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe, when considered with the financial statements determined in accordance with GAAP, is helpful to investors in understanding our performance because it captures features particular to real estate performance by recognizing that real estate generally appreciates over time or maintains residual value to a much greater extent than do other depreciable assets such as machinery, computers or other personal property. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or Nareit, defines FFO as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding: depreciation and amortization related to real estate; gains and losses from sales and impairment of depreciable assets and land used in our primary business; and income taxes directly associated with a gain or loss on sale of real estate, and including our share of the FFO of unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated on the same basis to determine FFO. We calculate Nareit FFO attributable to Aimco common stockholders (diluted) by subtracting dividends on preferred stock and amounts allocated from FFO to participating securities.

In addition to Nareit FFO, we compute Pro forma FFO and AFFO, which are also non-GAAP financial measures that we believe are helpful to investors in understanding our short-term performance. Pro forma FFO represents Nareit FFO attributable to Aimco common stockholders (diluted), excluding certain amounts that are unique or occur infrequently.

In computing 2019 Pro forma FFO, we made the following adjustments to Nareit FFO:

• Preferred equity redemption related costs: On May 16, 2019, we redeemed our Class A Preferred Perpetual Stock. We excluded the redemption-related costs from Pro forma FFO because we believe these costs are not representative of operating performance.

• Straight-line rent and other: In 2018, we assumed a 99-year ground lease with scheduled rent increases. Due to the terms of the lease, GAAP rent expense will exceed cash rent payments until 2076. We include the cash rent payments for this ground lease in Pro forma FFO but exclude the incremental straight-line non-cash rent expense. The rent expense for this lease is included in other expenses, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Straight-line rent and other also includes other insignificant costs not representative of ongoing operating performance.

• Litigation: During 2018, we were engaged in litigation with Airbnb, which was resolved in December 2018. Due to the unpredictable nature of these proceedings, related amounts recognized, net of income tax effect, are excluded from Pro forma FFO. These costs are included in other expenses, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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• Severance and restructuring costs: In 2019, we incurred severance and restructuring costs in connection with office closures. We excluded such costs from Pro forma FFO because we believe these costs are not representative of operating performance.

• Prepayment penalties: As a result of refinancing activity in 2019, we incurred debt extinguishment costs. We excluded such costs from Pro forma FFO because we believe these costs are not representative of ongoing operating performance.

In computing 2018 Pro forma FFO, we made the following adjustments to Nareit FFO:

• Litigation: Adjustment is described above.

• Change in lease accounting: Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted accounting guidance that changed how we recognize costs incurred to obtain resident leases. For comparability of Pro forma FFO between periods, we have recast 2018 as if the new standard was effective January 1, 2018. AFFO is unchanged by the new standard.

• Severance and restructuring costs: In connection with the sale of our Asset Management business in 2018, we incurred severance and restructuring costs. We excluded such costs from Pro forma FFO because we believe these costs are not representative of operating performance.

• Tax benefit due to valuation allowance release: Due to the sale of the Asset Management business in 2018, we determined that a valuation allowance was no longer necessary. We excluded the effect of the establishment of the valuation allowance from Pro forma FFO and, as such, excluded the benefit from its release.

AFFO represents Pro forma FFO reduced by Capital Replacements, which represents our estimation of the actual capital additions made to replace capital assets consumed during our ownership period. When we make capital additions to an apartment community, we evaluate whether the additions extend the useful life of an asset as compared to its condition at the time we purchased the apartment community. We classify as Capital Improvements those capital additions that meet this criterion, and we classify as Capital Replacements those that do not. AFFO is a financial indicator we use to evaluate our short-term operational performance and is one of the factors that we use to determine the amounts of our dividend payments.

Nareit FFO, Pro forma FFO and AFFO should not be considered alternatives to net income, as determined in accordance with GAAP, as indications of our performance. Although we use these non-GAAP measures for comparability in assessing our performance compared to other REITs, not all REITs compute these same measures and those who do may not compute them in the same manner. Additionally, computation of AFFO is subject to our definition of Capital Replacement spending. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our basis for computing these non-GAAP measures is comparable with that of other REITs.

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For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, Aimco’s Nareit FFO, Pro forma FFO and AFFO are calculated as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income attributable to Aimco common stockholders (1)	$	2,003		$	567,029		$	332,805		$	651,371
Adjustments:
Real estate depreciation and amortization, net of noncontrolling    partners’ interest		95,199			94,166			276,353			279,798
Gain on dispositions and other, net of noncontrolling partners’    interest		(1,146	)		(624,521	)		(356,929	)		(671,761	)
Income tax adjustments related to gain on dispositions and    other tax-related items (2)		415			54,448			7,151			23,813
Common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating    Partnership’s share of above adjustments		(4,931	)		24,130			3,962			18,963
Amounts allocable to participating securities		(142	)		626			101			529
Nareit FFO attributable to Aimco common stockholders – diluted	$	91,398		$	115,878		$	263,443		$	302,713
Adjustments, all net of common noncontrolling interests in Aimco OP    and participating securities:
Preferred equity redemption related amounts		—			—			3,864			—
Litigation		—			2,727			147			4,633
Severance and restructuring costs		1,226			67			1,699			1,282
Prepayment penalties		1,604			—			1,604			—
Tax benefit due to valuation allowance release		—			(19,349	)		—			(19,349	)
Change in lease accounting		—			(870	)		—			(2,239	)
Straight-line rent and other		874			—			3,815			—
Pro forma FFO attributable to Aimco common stockholders –    diluted	$	95,102		$	98,453		$	274,572		$	287,040
Capital Replacements, net of common noncontrolling interests in    Aimco Operating Partnership and participating securities		(11,434	)		(9,898	)		(34,273	)		(30,006	)
AFFO attributable to Aimco common stockholders – diluted	$	83,668		$	88,555		$	240,299		$	257,034
Total shares and dilutive share equivalents used to calculate Net    income and Nareit FFO per share (3)		148,636			152,193			147,692			152,086
Adjustment to weight reverse stock split (4)		—			4,745			828			4,750
Pro forma shares and dilutive share equivalents used to calculate Pro    forma FFO and AFFO per share		148,636			156,938			148,520			156,836
Net income attributable to Aimco per common share – diluted	$	0.01		$	3.73		$	2.26		$	4.28
FFO per share – diluted	$	0.61		$	0.76		$	1.78		$	1.99
Pro forma FFO per share – diluted	$	0.64		$	0.63		$	1.85		$	1.83
AFFO per share – diluted	$	0.56		$	0.56		$	1.62		$	1.64

(1) Represents the numerator for calculating Aimco’s earnings per common share in accordance with GAAP.

(2) Income taxes related to gain on dispositions and other tax-related items for the three months ended September 30, 2018, included the reversal of a $33.3 million deferred tax asset related to an intercompany transfer of assets, which was realized upon the sale of the Asset Management business. The remaining income tax provision of $21.1 million related to the tax on the gain on the sale. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, income tax related to gain on dispositions and other tax-related items included tax on the gain on the 2018 sale of the Asset Management business, as well as tax on the gain on the sale of apartment communities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

(3) Represents the denominator for Aimco’s earnings per common share – diluted, calculated in accordance with GAAP.

(4) During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we completed a reverse stock split and a special dividend paid primarily in stock. For stock splits, GAAP requires the restatement of weighted average shares as if the reverse stock split occurred at the beginning of the period presented; while shares issued in the special dividend are included in weighted average shares outstanding from the date issued. To minimize confusion and facilitate comparison of period-over-period Pro forma FFO and AFFO, we calculated pro forma weighted average shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 based on the effective date of the reverse stock split and ex-dividend date for the shares issued in the special dividend, thereby eliminating the per-share impact of the GAAP treatment to Aimco’s reported Pro forma FFO and AFFO.

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Please refer to the Results of Operations heading for discussion of our Pro forma FFO and AFFO results for 2019 compared to their comparable periods in 2018.

Please refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources section for further information regarding our capital investing activities, including Capital Replacements.

The Aimco Operating Partnership does not separately compute or report Nareit FFO, Pro forma FFO or AFFO. However, based on Aimco’s method for allocation of such amounts to noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership, as well as limited differences between the amounts of net income attributable to Aimco’s common stockholders and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s unit holders during the periods presented, Nareit FFO, Pro forma FFO and AFFO amounts on a per unit basis for the Aimco Operating Partnership would be substantially the same as the corresponding per share amounts for Aimco.

Leverage Ratios

Our leverage strategy targets the ratio of Proportionate Debt and Preferred Equity to Adjusted EBITDAre to be below 7.0x and the ratio of Adjusted EBITDAre to Adjusted Interest Expense and Preferred Dividends to be greater than 2.5x. We also focus on the ratios of Proportionate Debt to Adjusted EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre Coverage of Adjusted Interest. We believe these ratios, which are based in part on non-GAAP financial information, are commonly used by investors and analysts to assess the relative financial risk associated with balance sheets of companies within the same industry, and they are believed to be similar to measures used by rating agencies to assess entity credit quality. EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre should not be considered alternatives to net income (loss) as determined in accordance with GAAP as indicators of performance. There can be no assurance that our method of calculating EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre is comparable with that of other real estate investment trusts.

Proportionate Debt, as used in our leverage ratios, is a non-GAAP measure and includes our share of the long-term, non-recourse property debt and outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Proportionate Debt excludes unamortized debt issue costs because these amounts represent cash expended in earlier periods and do not reduce our contractual obligations. We reduce our recorded debt by the amounts of cash and restricted cash on-hand, which are primarily restricted under the terms of our property debt agreements, assuming these amounts would be used to reduce our outstanding leverage. We further reduce our recorded debt by the value of our investment in a securitization trust that holds certain of our property debt, as our payments of principal and interest associated with such property debt will ultimately repay our investments in the trust.

We believe Proportionate Debt is useful to investors as it is a measure of our net exposure to debt obligations. Proportionate Debt, as used in our leverage ratios, is calculated as set forth in the table below.

Preferred Equity, as used in our leverage ratios, represents the redemption amounts for Aimco’s preferred stock and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred OP Units. Preferred Equity, although perpetual in nature, is another component of our overall leverage. The reconciliation of total indebtedness to Proportionate Debt and Preferred Equity, as used in our leverage ratios as of September 30, 2019, is as follows (in thousands):

Total indebtedness	$	4,254,710
Adjustments:
Debt issue costs related to non-recourse property debt		21,701
Proportionate share adjustments related to debt obligations of consolidated and    unconsolidated partnerships		(11,150	)
Cash and restricted cash		(93,225	)
Proportionate share adjustments related to cash and restricted cash held by consolidated and    unconsolidated partnerships		1,139
Securitization trust investment		(92,892	)
Proportionate Debt	$	4,080,283
Preferred Equity		101,178
Proportionate Debt and Preferred Equity	$	4,181,461

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We calculate Adjusted EBITDAre used in our leverage ratios based on the most recent three month amounts, annualized. EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre are non-GAAP measures, which we believe are useful to investors, creditors and rating agencies as a supplemental measure of our ability to incur and service debt because they are recognized measures of performance by the real estate industry and allows for comparison of our credit strength to different companies. Nareit defines EBITDAre as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, further adjusted for:

• gains and losses on the dispositions of depreciated property;

• impairment write-downs of depreciated property;

• impairment write-downs of investments in unconsolidated partnerships caused by a decrease in the value of the depreciated property in such partnerships; and

• adjustments to reflect the Aimco’s share of EBITDAre of investments in unconsolidated entities.

We define Adjusted EBITDAre as EBITDAre adjusted to exclude the effect of the following items for the reasons set forth below:

• net income attributable to noncontrolling interests consolidated real estate partnerships and EBITDAre adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests, to allow investors to compare a measure of our earnings before the effects of our capital structure and indebtedness with that of other companies in the real estate industry;

• the amount of interest income related to our investment in the subordinated tranches in a securitization trust holding primarily Aimco property debt, as we view our interest cost on this debt to be net of any interest income received from the investment; and

• the amount by which GAAP rent expense exceeds cash rents for a long-term ground lease for which expense exceeds cash payments until 2076. The excess of the GAAP rent expense over the cash payments for this lease does not reflect a current obligation that affects our ability to service debt.

In 2019, we retitled our Adjusted EBITDA measure to Adjusted EBITDAre in our calculation of leverage ratios. The computation of Adjusted EBITDAre has been modified from our prior measure to include amortization of debt issuance costs as a component of interest expense in both the computation of Adjusted Interest Expense and EBITDAre. The impact of this change is less than 0.1x to each ratio. We also began including a reconciliation of net income to EBITDAre. EBITDAre is defined by Nareit and provides for an additional performance measure independent of capital structure for greater comparability between real estate investment trusts. The reconciliation of net income to EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre for the three months ended September 30, 2019, as used in our leverage ratios, is as follows (in thousands):

Net income	$	3,970
Adjustments:
Interest expense		42,011
Income tax benefit		(3,096	)
Depreciation and amortization		97,538
Gain on disposition of real estate		(1,146	)
Adjustment related to EBITDAre of unconsolidated partnerships		212
EBITDAre	$	139,489
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership		58
EBITDAre adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests		(649	)
Interest income received on securitization investment		(2,084	)
Straight-line rent and other (1)		924
Severance and restructuring costs (2)		1,296
Adjusted EBITDAre	$	139,034
Annualized Adjusted EBITDAre	$	556,136

(1) Straight-line rent and other also includes other costs excluded from Adjusted EBITDAre that we believe are not representative of ongoing operating performance.

(2) We incurred severance and restructuring costs in connection with office closures in 2019. We excluded such costs from Adjusted EBITDAre because we believe these costs are not representative of operating performance.

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We calculate Adjusted Interest Expense, as used in our leverage ratios, based on the most recent three months, annualized. Adjusted Interest Expense is a non-GAAP measure that we believe is meaningful for investors and analysts as it presents our share of current recurring interest requirements associated with leverage. Adjusted Interest Expense represents our proportionate share of interest expense on non-recourse property debt and interest expense on our revolving credit facility borrowings. We exclude from our calculation of Adjusted Interest Expense:

• debt prepayment penalties, which are items that, from time to time, affect our interest expense but are not representative of our scheduled interest obligations; and

• the income we receive on our investment in the securitization trust that holds certain of our property debt, as this income is being generated indirectly from interest we pay with respect to property debt held by the trust.

Preferred Dividends represents the dividends paid on Aimco’s preferred stock and the distributions paid on the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred OP Units. We add Preferred Dividends to Adjusted Interest Expense for a more complete picture of the interest and dividend requirements of our leverage.

The reconciliation of interest expense to Adjusted Interest Expense and Preferred Dividends for the three months ended September 30, 2019, as used in our leverage ratios, is as follows (in thousands):

Interest expense	$	42,011
Adjustments:
Proportionate share adjustments related to interest of consolidated and unconsolidated    partnerships		(104	)
Debt prepayment penalties and other non-interest items		(1,703	)
Interest income earned on securitization trust investment		(2,084	)
Adjusted Interest Expense	$	38,120
Preferred dividends		1,933
Adjusted Interest Expense and Preferred Dividends	$	40,053
Annualized Adjusted Interest Expense	$	152,480
Annualized Adjusted Interest Expense and Preferred Dividends	$	160,212

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity is the ability to meet present and future financial obligations. Our primary source of liquidity is cash flow from operations. Additional sources are proceeds from sales of apartment communities, proceeds from refinancing existing property debt, borrowings under new property debt, borrowings under our revolving credit facility and proceeds from equity offerings.

Our principal uses for liquidity include normal operating activities, payments of principal and interest on outstanding property debt, capital expenditures, dividends paid to stockholders, distributions paid to noncontrolling interest partners and acquisitions of apartment communities. We use our cash and cash equivalents and our cash provided by operating activities to meet short-term liquidity needs. In the event that our cash and cash equivalents and cash provided by operating activities are not sufficient to cover our short-term liquidity needs, we have additional means, such as short-term borrowing availability and proceeds from apartment community sales and property-level debt issuance. We may use our revolving credit facility for working capital and other short-term purposes, such as funding investments on an interim basis. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements, such as debt maturities, redevelopment spending and apartment community acquisitions, through primarily non-recourse, long-term borrowings, the issuance of equity securities (including OP Units), the sale of apartment communities and cash generated from operations.

As of September 30, 2019, our primary sources of liquidity were as follows:

• $58.7 million in cash and cash equivalents;

• $34.5 million of restricted cash, which consists primarily of escrows related to resident security deposits and reserves and escrows held by lenders for capital additions, property taxes and insurance; and

• $792.8 million of capacity to borrow under our revolving credit facility.

As of September 30, 2019, we held unencumbered apartment communities with an estimated fair market value of approximately $2.4 billion.     

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Leverage and Capital Resources

The availability of credit and its related effect on the overall economy may affect our liquidity and future financing activities, both through changes in interest rates and access to financing. Currently, interest rates are low compared to historical levels and many lenders are active in the market. However, any adverse changes in the lending environment could negatively affect our liquidity. We believe we have mitigated much of this exposure by reducing our short and intermediate term maturity risk through refinancing such loans with long-dated, fixed-rate property debt. However, if property financing options become unavailable for our further debt needs, we may consider alternative sources of liquidity, such as reductions in capital spending or proceeds from apartment community dispositions.

Two credit rating agencies rate our creditworthiness and both have rated our credit and outlook as BBB- (stable), an investment grade rating. Our investment grade rating would be useful in accessing capital through the sale of bonds in private or public transactions. However, our intention and historical practice has been to raise debt capital in the form of property-level, non-recourse, long-dated, fixed-rate, amortizing debt, the cost of which is generally less than that of recourse debt and the terms of which also provide for greater balance sheet safety.

As of September 30, 2019, approximately 97.7% of our leverage consisted of property-level, non-recourse, long-dated, amortizing debt. Approximately 96.0% of this property-level debt is fixed-rate, which provides a hedge against increases in interest rates, capitalization rates and inflation. The weighted average maturity of our property-level debt was 8.1 years. On average, 6.7% of our unpaid principal balances will mature each year from 2020 through 2022.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we financed $668.0 million of new non-recourse, fixed-rate property debt. These loans have a weighted-average interest rate of 3.34%, a weighted-average term to maturity of 11.4 years, and lower our annual cost of leverage by approximately 10 basis points. We also rate-locked a $100.0 million fixed-rate, non-recourse, property loan with an eleven-year maturity and an interest rate of 3.21%, which is expected to close during the three months ended December 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the payments due under our non-recourse property debt commitments, excluding debt issue costs, as of September 30, 2019 (in thousands):

	Total		Less than One Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More than Five Years
Non-recourse property debt	$	4,276,411	$	21,999	$	1,192,676	$	1,016,171	$	2,045,565

While our primary source of leverage is property-level, non-recourse, long-dated, fixed-rate, amortizing debt, we also have a credit facility with a syndicate of financial institutions. As of September 30, 2019, we had no outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility and had capacity to borrow up to $792.8 million after consideration of $7.2 million of letters of credit backed by the facility.

As of September 30, 2019, our outstanding preferred OP Units represented approximately 2.3% of total leverage. Preferred OP Units are redeemable at the holder’s option; however, we have computed the weighted average maturity of our total leverage assuming a 40-year maturity on the Units.  

The combination of non-recourse property-level debt, borrowings under our revolving credit facility and preferred OP Units that comprise our total leverage, reduces our refunding and re-pricing risk. The weighted average maturity for our total leverage described above was 8.8 years as of September 30, 2019.

Under the revolving credit facility, we have agreed to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage ratio of 1.40x, as well as comply with other covenants customary for similar revolving credit arrangements. For the trailing twelve month period ended September 30, 2019, our Fixed Charge Coverage ratio was 2.12x, compared to a ratio of 2.01x for the trailing twelve month period ended September 30, 2018. We expect to remain in compliance with this covenant during the next 12 months.

We like the discipline of financing our investments in real estate through the use of fixed-rate, amortizing, non-recourse property debt, as the amortization gradually reduces our leverage and reduces our refunding risk, and the fixed-rate provides a hedge against increases in interest rates, and the non-recourse feature avoids entity risk.

Changes in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following discussion relates to changes in consolidated cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash due to operating, investing and financing activities, which are presented in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows included in Item 1 of this report.

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Operating Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash provided by operating activities was $278.7 million. Our operating cash flow is affected primarily by rental rates, occupancy levels and operating expenses related to our portfolio of apartment communities. Cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased by $24.2 million compared to 2018, due to lower net operating income associated with apartment communities sold and the Asset Management business sold in 2018, offset by improved operating results of our Same Store communities and increased contribution from our Acquisition and Other Real Estate communities.

Investing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash used in investing activities of $16.0 million consisted primarily of proceeds from the disposition of eight apartment communities, partially offset by the acquisitions of 1001 Brickell Bay Drive, One Ardmore and 50 Rogers and capital expenditures.

Further information about the acquisitions and dispositions completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is included in Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1.

Capital additions for our segments totaled $303.7 million and $238.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We generally fund capital additions with cash provided by operating activities and cash proceeds from sales of apartment communities.

We categorize capital spending for communities in our portfolio broadly into seven primary categories:

• capital replacements, which do not increase the useful life of an asset from its original purchase condition. Capital replacements represent capital additions made to replace the portion of acquired apartment communities consumed during our period of ownership;

• capital improvements, which represent capital additions made to replace the portion of acquired apartment communities consumed prior to our period of ownership, and not contemplated in our underwriting of an acquisition;

• capital enhancements, which may include kitchen and bath remodeling, energy conservation projects, and investments in longer-lived materials designed to reduce turnover costs, such as simulated wood flooring and granite countertops, all of which differs from redevelopment additions in that they are generally lesser in scope and do not significantly disrupt property operations;

• initial capital expenditures, which represent capital additions contemplated in the underwriting of our recently acquired communities;

• redevelopment additions, which represent capital additions intended to enhance the value of the apartment community through the ability to generate higher average rental rates, and may include costs related to entitlement, which enhance the value of a community through increased density, and costs related to renovation of exteriors, common areas or apartment homes;

• development additions, which represent construction and related capitalized costs associated with the ground-up development of apartment communities; and

• casualty capital additions, which represent capitalized costs incurred in connection with the restoration of an apartment community after a casualty event such as a severe snow storm, hurricane, tornado, flood or fire.

We exclude the amounts of capital spending related to apartment communities sold or classified as held for sale at the end of the period from the foregoing measures. We have also excluded from these measures indirect capitalized costs, which are not yet allocated to apartment communities with capital additions, and their related capital spending categories.

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A summary of the capital spending for these categories, along with a reconciliation of the total for these categories to the capital expenditures reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, are presented below (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
Capital replacements	$	29,601		$	22,089
Capital improvements		17,550			8,771
Capital enhancements		67,642			75,235
Redevelopment additions		74,732			94,566
Development additions		93,462			30,229
Initial capital expenditures		15,279			2,631
Casualty capital additions		5,475			4,735
Total capital additions		303,741			238,256
Plus: additions related to consolidated Asset Management communities and    apartment communities sold or held for sale		958			16,827
Consolidated capital additions		304,699			255,083
Plus: net change in accrued capital spending and capitalized stock compensation		(11,950	)		(1,934	)
Capital expenditures per condensed consolidated statement of cash flows	$	292,749		$	253,149

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we capitalized $8.0 million and $5.7 million, respectively, of interest costs, and $26.9 million and $26.8 million, respectively, of other direct and indirect costs.

We invested $67.6 million in capital enhancements during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and we anticipate a full year investment ranging from $85 million to $95 million.

Redevelopment and Development

Our total estimated incremental net investment in approved and active redevelopment and development is $577.5 million with a projected weighted average net operating income yield on these investments of 5.3%, assuming untrended rents. Of this total, $264.2 million has been funded. We expect to fund the remaining redevelopment and development investment through a combination of leverage and proceeds from community sales.

We execute redevelopments using a range of approaches. We prefer to limit risk by executing redevelopments using a phased approach, in which we renovate an apartment community in stages. Smaller phases provide us the flexibility to maintain current earnings while aligning the timing of the completed apartment homes with market demand. The following table summarizes ongoing redevelopments of this nature at September 30, 2019 (dollars in millions):

	Location	Apartment Homes Approved for Redevelopment		Estimated Net Redevelopment Investment		Inception -to-Date Net Investment
Bay Parc	Miami, FL		105	$	28.3	$	24.1

When possible, we prefer redevelopments that can be completed one unit at a time, when that unit is vacated and available for renovation, or one floor at a time, thereby limiting the number of down units and lease-up risk. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we completed 71 units at six smaller phase projects throughout our portfolio with another 15 units under construction as of September 30, 2019. As of the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we completed 129 units at these projects.

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When smaller redevelopment phases are not possible, we may engage in redevelopment activities where an entire building or community is vacated. Additionally, we undertake some ground-up development when warranted by risk-adjusted investment returns, either directly or in connection with the redevelopment of an existing apartment community. The following table summarizes our investments related to these developments and redevelopments at September 30, 2019 (dollars in millions):

	Location	Apartment Homes Approved for Redevelopment or Development		Estimated Net Redevelopment Investment		Inception -to-Date Net Investment		Expected Stabilized Occupancy	Expected NOI Stabilization
707 Leahy	Redwood City, CA		110	$	23.7	$	6.6	3Q 2020	4Q 2021
Elm Creek Townhomes	Elmhurst, IL		58		35.1		12.2	2Q 2021	3Q 2022
Flamingo Point	Miami Beach, FL		886		280.0		57.9	4Q 2022	1Q 2024
The Fremont	Denver, CO (MSA)		253		87.0		49.4	3Q 2021	4Q 2022
Parc Mosaic	Boulder, CO		226		123.4		114.0	4Q 2020	1Q 2022
Total			1,533	$	549.2	$	240.1

Net investment represents the total actual or estimated investment, net of tax and other credits earned as a direct result of our redevelopment or development of the community. For phased redevelopments, potential net investment relates to the current phase of the redevelopment.

Stabilized Occupancy represents the period in which we expect to achieve stabilized occupancy, generally greater than 90%.

NOI Stabilization represents the period in which we expect the communities to achieve stabilized rents and operating costs, generally five quarters after occupancy stabilization.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we invested $168.2 million in redevelopment and development. We continued:

• phased redevelopment activities at Bay Parc in Miami;

• the full redevelopment of the North Tower at Flamingo Point in Miami Beach, Florida, and 707 Leahy in Redwood City, CA; and

• the ground-up construction at Parc Mosaic in Boulder, Colorado, The Fremont on the Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, Colorado, and Elm Creek Townhomes in Elmhurst, Illinois.

At Parc Mosaic, we delivered the first building in August and, as of September 30, had leased 91% of its apartment homes. In late October, we completed construction of the second building and had leased more than half of its apartment homes. The remaining buildings are on schedule to be delivered by year end.

At 707 Leahy, we are on schedule to deliver the first building in the first quarter 2020, and preleasing is underway.

At Flamingo Point, we began the full renovation of the North Tower and are on schedule to complete construction on the entryway, retail, and amenities by year end.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we leased 176 apartment homes at redevelopment communities. As of September 30, 2019, our exposure to lease-up at active redevelopment and development communities was approximately 894 apartment homes, or less than 3% of our portfolio.

Financing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash used in financing activities of $242.1 million was attributed to the items discussed below.

Net repayments on our revolving credit facility of $160.4 million primarily relate to the timing of apartment community acquisitions and dispositions and of property debt financing activities.

Principal payments on property loans during the period totaled $390.3 million, consisting of scheduled principal amortization of $58.0 million and repayments of $332.3 million.

Proceeds from non-recourse property debt borrowings during the period consisted of the closing of nine fixed-rate, amortizing, non-recourse property loans totaling $668.0 million.

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Redemption of Preferred Stock of $125.0 million represents the cash paid upon redemption of our Class A Perpetual Preferred Stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Net cash used in financing activities also includes $202.9 million of payments to equity holders, as further detailed in the table below.

Equity and Partners’ Capital Transactions

The following table presents the Aimco Operating Partnership’s distribution activity (including distributions paid to Aimco) during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands):

Cash distributions paid by the Aimco Operating Partnership to preferred unitholders (1)	$	9,047
Cash distributions paid by the Aimco Operating Partnership to common unitholders (2)		193,530
Cash distributions paid to holders of noncontrolling interests in consolidate real estate partnerships		309
Total cash distributions paid by the Aimco Operating Partnership	$	202,886

(1) $3.2 million represented distributions to Aimco, and $5.8 million represented distributions paid to holders of OP Units.

(2) $183.3 million represented distributions to Aimco, and $10.2 million represented distributions paid to holders of OP Units.

The following table presents Aimco’s dividends paid to Aimco stockholders and OP Unit holders during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands):

Cash distributions paid to holders of OP Units	$	16,011
Cash distributions paid to holders of noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		309
Cash dividends paid by Aimco to preferred stockholders		3,247
Cash dividends paid by Aimco to common stockholders		183,319
Total cash dividends and distributions paid by Aimco	$	202,886

Future Capital Needs

We expect to fund any future acquisitions, redevelopment, development, and other capital spending principally with proceeds from apartment community sales, short-term borrowings, debt and equity financing and operating cash flows. Our near term business plan does not contemplate the issuance of equity.

ITEM 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As of the date of this report, there have been no material changes from the market risk information provided in Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Aimco

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Aimco’s management, with the participation of Aimco’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of Aimco’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, Aimco’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, Aimco’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in Aimco’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the third quarter of 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Aimco’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Aimco Operating Partnership

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Aimco Operating Partnership’s management, with the participation of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of both Aimco and AIMCO-GP, Inc., the Aimco Operating Partnership’s general partner, has evaluated the effectiveness

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of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of AIMCO-GP, Inc. have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Aimco Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Aimco Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the third quarter of 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Aimco Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

As of the date of this report, there have been no material changes from the risk factors in Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Aimco

(a) Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities. From time to time during the three months ended September 30, 2019, we issued shares of Common Stock in exchange for common OP Units tendered to the Aimco Operating Partnership for redemption in accordance with the terms and provisions of the agreement of limited partnership of the Aimco Operating Partnership. Such shares are issued based on an exchange ratio of one share for each common OP Unit. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, approximately 57,000 shares of Common Stock were issued in exchange for common OP Units in these transactions. All of the foregoing issuances were made in private placement transactions exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

(c) Repurchases of Equity Securities. There were no repurchases by Aimco of its common equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Aimco’s Board of Directors has, from time to time, authorized Aimco to repurchase shares of its outstanding capital stock. As of September 30, 2019, Aimco was authorized to repurchase approximately 10.6 million additional shares. This authorization has no expiration date. These repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions.

The Aimco Operating Partnership

(a) Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities. The Aimco Operating Partnership did not issue any unregistered OP Units during the three months ended September 30, 2019.

(c) Repurchases of Equity Securities. The Aimco Operating Partnership’s Partnership Agreement generally provides that after holding the common OP Units for one year, limited partners have the right to redeem their common OP Units for cash, subject to the Aimco Operating Partnership’s prior right to cause Aimco to acquire some or all of the common OP Units tendered for redemption in exchange for shares of Common Stock. Common OP Units redeemed for Common Stock are exchanged on a one-for-one basis (subject to antidilution adjustments). During the three months ended September 30, 2019, approximately 57,000 common OP Units were redeemed in exchange for shares of Common Stock. The following table summarizes repurchases, or redemptions in exchange for cash, of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s equity securities for the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Fiscal period	Total Number of Units Purchased		Average Price Paid per Unit		Total Number of Units Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)	Maximum Number of Units That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
July 1, 2019 - July 31, 2019		8,249	$	50.77	N/A	N/A
August 1, 2019 - August 31, 2019		4,624	$	50.78	N/A	N/A
September 1, 2019 - September 30, 2019		3,419	$	50.75	N/A	N/A
Total		16,292	$	50.77

(1) The terms of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s Partnership Agreement do not provide for a maximum number of units that may be repurchased, and other than the express terms of its Partnership Agreement, the Aimco Operating Partnership has no publicly announced plans or programs of repurchase. However, for Aimco to repurchase shares of its Common Stock, the Aimco Operating Partnership must make a concurrent repurchase of its common partnership units held by Aimco at a price per unit that is equal to the price per share Aimco pays for its Common Stock.

Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership

Dividend and Distribution Payments. Our revolving credit facility includes customary covenants, including a restriction on dividends and distributions and other restricted payments, but permits dividends and distributions during any 12-month period in an aggregate amount of up to 95% of Aimco’s Funds From Operations, subject to certain non-cash adjustments, for such period or such amount as may be necessary for Aimco to maintain its REIT status.

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ITEM 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed with this report:

EXHIBIT NO. (1)	DESCRIPTION
3.1	Charter (Exhibit 3.1 to Aimco’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018, is incorporated herein by this reference)
3.2	Charter - Articles of Amendment (Exhibit 3.1 to Aimco’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 20, 2019, is incorporated herein by this reference)
3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws (Exhibit 3.1 to Aimco’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 26, 2016, is incorporated herein by this reference)
10.1	Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Aimco Operating Partnership, dated as of July 29, 1994, as amended and restated as of April 5, 2019 (Exhibit 10.1 to Aimco’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 9, 2019, in incorporated herein by this reference)
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Aimco
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Aimco
31.3	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – the Aimco Operating Partnership
31.4	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – the Aimco Operating Partnership
32.1	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Aimco
32.2	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – the Aimco Operating Partnership
99.1	Agreement Regarding Disclosure of Long-Term Debt Instruments – Aimco
99.2	Agreement Regarding Disclosure of Long-Term Debt Instruments – the Aimco Operating Partnership
101	The following materials from Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019, formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) condensed consolidated balance sheets; (ii) condensed consolidated statements of operations; (iii) condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income; (iv) condensed consolidated statements of cash flows; and (v) notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

(1) Schedules and supplemental materials to the exhibits have been omitted but will be provided to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

APARTMENT INVESTMENT AND MANAGEMENT COMPANY
By:	/s/ Paul Beldin
	Paul Beldin
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)

AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P.
By:	AIMCO-GP, Inc., its general partner
By:	/s/ Paul Beldin
	Paul Beldin
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)

Date: November 4, 2019

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION

I, Terry Considine, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Apartment Investment and Management Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 4, 2019

/s/ Terry Considine

Terry Considine

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION

I, Paul Beldin, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Apartment Investment and Management Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 4, 2019

/s/ Paul Beldin

Paul Beldin

Executive Vice President and Chief

Financial Officer

EX-31.3

Exhibit 31.3

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION

I, Terry Considine, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of AIMCO Properties, L.P.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 4, 2019

/s/ Terry Considine

Terry Considine

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.4

Exhibit 31.4

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION

I, Paul Beldin, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of AIMCO Properties, L.P.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 4, 2019

/s/ Paul Beldin

Paul Beldin

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Certification of CEO Pursuant to

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

As Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Apartment Investment and Management Company (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Terry Considine

Terry Considine

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

November 4, 2019

/s/ Paul Beldin

Paul Beldin

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

November 4, 2019

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

Certification of CEO Pursuant to

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

As Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of AIMCO Properties, L.P. (the “Partnership”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Partnership.

/s/ Terry Considine

Terry Considine

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

November 4, 2019

/s/ Paul Beldin

Paul Beldin

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

November 4, 2019

EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

Agreement Regarding Disclosure of Long-Term Debt Instruments

In reliance upon Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K, Apartment Investment and Management Company, a Maryland corporation (the "Company"), has not filed as an exhibit to its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019, any instrument with respect to long-term debt not being registered where the total amount of securities authorized thereunder does not exceed ten percent of the total assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K, the Company hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any such agreement to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

By:	/s/ Paul Beldin
	Paul Beldin
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	November 4, 2019

EX-99.2

Exhibit 99.2

Agreement Regarding Disclosure of Long-Term Debt Instruments

In reliance upon Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K, AIMCO Properties, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the "Partnership"), has not filed as an exhibit to its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019, any instrument with respect to long-term debt not being registered where the total amount of securities authorized thereunder does not exceed ten percent of the total assets of the Partnership and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K, the Partnership hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any such agreement to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

By:	/s/ Paul Beldin
	Paul Beldin
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	November 4, 2019

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Variable Interest Entities (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) Property Entity Unit	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) Property Entity Unit
Variable Interest Entity, Consolidated, Carrying Amount, Assets and Liabilities, Net [Abstract]
Net real estate	$ 6,050,892	$ 5,723,475
Cash and cash equivalents	58,724	36,858
Restricted cash	34,501	35,737
Other Assets	395,061	351,541
Non-recourse property debt secured by Aimco communities, net	4,254,710	3,915,305
Accrued liabilities and other	$ 397,216	$ 226,230
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Number of consolidated variable interest entities | Entity	6	9
Number of apartment communities | Property	6	9
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | Unit	2,056	3,592
Variable Interest Entity, Consolidated, Carrying Amount, Assets and Liabilities, Net [Abstract]
Net real estate	$ 203,443	$ 488,127
Cash and cash equivalents	5,604	15,416
Restricted cash	1,884	4,461
Other Assets	26,433	3,973
Non-recourse property debt secured by Aimco communities, net	176,840	322,685
Accrued liabilities and other	$ 32,378	$ 13,576

XML

Business Segments (Details Textual)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 Property apartment_home Segment office_building
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments | Segment	4
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	124
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	33,682
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member] | Same Store [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	95
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	27,640
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member] | Redevelopment and Development [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	7
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	3,137
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member] | Acquisition [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	7
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	1,590
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member] | Other Real Estate [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	15
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	1,315
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member] | Other Real Estate [Member] | Office Building [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | office_building	1
Unconsolidated Properties [Member]
Business Segments (Textual) [Abstract]
Number of owned and managed apartment communities in segments | Property	4
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	142

XML

Significant Transactions (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Summarized Information Regarding Acquisition

Summarized information regarding this acquisition is set forth in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Number of apartment homes		110
Purchase price (1)	$	65,833
Capitalized transaction costs		892
Total consideration	$	66,725
Acquisition costs allocated to land	$	4,929
Acquisition costs allocated to building (2)		61,271
Acquisition costs allocated to furniture and fixtures (2)		525
Total consideration	$	66,725

(1) The gross purchase price of the acquisition consisted of $32.8 million in cash, $30.9 million of assumed property-level debt and the issuance of 59,761 OP Units. In accordance with GAAP, the OP Units were valued at $50.77 per unit, the Aimco Common Stock closing price on April 5, 2019, the purchase date.

(2) Amounts are included within the buildings and improvements line item in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Summary of Apartment Community Dispositions

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we sold apartment communities as summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Apartment communities sold		8
Apartment homes sold		2,605
Gain on dispositions of real estate	$	356,929

1001 Brickell Bay Drive [Member]

Summarized Information Regarding Acquisition

Summarized information regarding this acquisition is set forth in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Purchase price	$	156,750
Capitalized transaction costs		2,339
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		8,250
Total consideration (1)	$	167,339
Acquisition costs allocated to land	$	145,648
Acquisition costs allocated to building and improvements		153,241
Acquisition costs allocated to intangible assets		16,500
Acquisition costs allocated to intangible liabilities		(6,519	)
Deferred tax liability assumed (2)		(141,531	)
Total consideration	$	167,339

(1) Total consideration includes $66.8 million of debt assumed.

(2) The deferred tax liability of $141.5 million resulted from the corporate structure utilized to complete the acquisition and is due to the difference between the purchase price determined in accordance with GAAP and the tax basis of the property. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded an income tax benefit of $1.7 million related to this property.

XML

Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Variable Interest Entities

The table below summarizes information regarding VIEs consolidated by the Aimco Operating Partnership:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
VIEs with interests in apartment communities		6		9
Apartment communities owned by VIEs		6		9
Apartment homes in communities owned by VIEs		2,056		3,592

Assets of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s consolidated VIEs must first be used to settle the liabilities of such consolidated VIEs. These consolidated VIEs’ creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Aimco Operating Partnership. Assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs are summarized in the table below (in thousands):

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Assets
Net real estate	$	203,443	$	488,127
Cash and cash equivalents		5,604		15,416
Restricted cash		1,884		4,461
Other assets		26,433		3,973
Liabilities
Non-recourse property debt secured by Aimco communities, net		176,840		322,685
Accrued liabilities and other		32,378		13,576

XML

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Equity reverse stock split	0.0103119

XML

Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Number of shares potentially redeemable for (in shares)		1.9		1.9
Dividends paid (in dollars per share)		$ 0.39	$ 0.38	$ 2.80	$ 1.14
Distributions paid (in dollars per share)		$ 0.39	$ 0.38	$ 2.80	$ 1.14
Special dividend		$ 58,065	$ 59,793	$ 183,579	$ 179,351
Special Dividend and Special Distribution [Member]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Dividends paid (in dollars per share)	$ 2.02
Special Dividend Paid [Member]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Special dividend	$ 67,100
Common shares issued in special dividend (in shares)	4.5
Special dividend, cash paid in lieu of fractional shares	$ 400
Special Cash Distribution [Member] | AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] | General Partner and Special Limited Partner [Member]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Special distribution		$ 72,700
Units issued in special dividend (in shares)		4.8
Special distribution, cash paid in lieu of fractional shares		$ 400

XML

Leases - Future Minimum Annual Payments Receivable Under Commercial Operating Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019	$ 7,200
2020	26,861
2021	23,391
2022	19,910
2023	16,081
Thereafter	65,583
Total	$ 159,026

XML

Significant Transactions - Summarized Information Regarding Acquisition (Parenthetical) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Income tax benefit (expense)	$ 3,096	$ (26,206)	$ 1,942	$ 12,617
1001 Brickell Bay Drive [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Assumed debt	66,800		66,800
Deferred tax liabilities	141,531		141,531
Income tax benefit (expense)	1,700		1,700
Philadelphia Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid in acquisition	32,800		32,800
Property-level debt assumed in acquisition	$ 30,900		$ 30,900
Issuance of OP Units			59,761
Share price per unit (in dollars per share)	$ 50.77		$ 50.77

XML

Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Note 4 — Leases

The majority of payments that we receive for our residential and commercial leases are fixed. We receive variable payments from our residents and commercial tenants primarily for utility and other expense reimbursements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, our total lease income was comprised of the following amounts for all operating leases (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Fixed lease income	$	213,945	$	639,359
Variable lease income		15,005		42,814
Total lease income	$	228,950	$	682,173

In general, our commercial leases have options to extend for a certain period of time at the tenant’s option. Future minimum annual rental payments we will receive under commercial operating leases, excluding such extension options, are as follows (in thousands):

October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019	$	7,200
2020		26,861
2021		23,391
2022		19,910
2023		16,081
Thereafter		65,583
Total	$	159,026

Generally, our residential leases do not provide extension options and, as of September 30, 2019, have an average remaining term of 10.3 months. Future minimum rental payments pursuant to residential leases are excluded from the table above due to their shorter term.

For leases in which we are the lessee, beginning in 2019, we recognize right of use assets and related lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Upon adoption of the accounting guidance for leases, we recognized right of use assets of $87.5 million, which are included in other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We also recognized the related lease liabilities of $79.7 million, which are included in accrued liabilities and other on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We estimated the value of the lease liabilities using a discount rate equivalent to the rate we would pay on a secured borrowing with similar terms to the lease.

Substantially all of the payments under our ground and office leases are fixed. Rents for extension periods, when provided for in the lease, are generally adjusted to market value at the time the option is exercised; therefore, these extension periods were not included in our determination of the right of use asset and lease liability. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, our total lease cost for ground leases was $1.3 million and $5.8 million, respectively, and for office leases was $1.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

As of September 30, 2019, the ground and office leases have weighted average remaining terms of 79.3 years and 8.5 years, respectively, and weighted average discount rates of 4.12% and 3.22%, respectively. Minimum annual rental payments under operating leases, reconciled to the lease liabilities included in accrued liabilities and other on our condensed consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):

	Office Lease Future Minimum Rent			Ground Lease Future Minimum Rent			Total Operating Lease Future Minimum Rent
October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019	$	852		$	529		$	1,381
2020		2,806			2,350			5,156
2021		2,704			2,439			5,143
2022		2,561			2,492			5,053
2023		1,871			2,492			4,363
Thereafter		10,644			422,169			432,813
Total		21,438			432,471			453,909
Less: Discount		(3,091	)		(354,941	)		(358,032	)
Total lease liability	$	18,347		$	77,530		$	95,877

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Business Segments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments

Note 8 — Business Segments

In 2019, as a result of the 2018 sale of the Asset Management business, we revised the information regularly reviewed by our chief executive officer, who is our chief operating decision maker, to assess our operating performance. We have determined we have four segments: Same Store, Redevelopment and Development, Acquisition, and Other Real Estate.

Our Same Store segment includes communities that have reached a stabilized level of operations as of the beginning of a two-year comparable period and maintained it throughout the current and comparable prior year, and are not expected to be sold within 12 months. Our Redevelopment and Development segment includes apartment communities that are currently under construction that have not achieved a stabilized level of operations, and those that have been completed in recent years that have not achieved and maintained stabilized operations for both the current and comparable prior year. Our Acquisition segment includes apartment communities that we have acquired since the beginning of a two-year comparable period. Our Other Real Estate segment primarily includes apartment communities that are subject to limitations on rent increases, communities that we expect to sell within 12 months but do not yet meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale, certain retail spaces and 1001 Brickell Bay Drive.

Our chief operating decision maker uses proportionate property net operating income to assess the operating performance of our apartment communities. Proportionate property net operating income is defined as our share of rental and other property revenue less our share of property operating expenses for consolidated apartment communities. We exclude from rental and other property revenues the amount of utility costs reimbursed by residents and reflect such amount as a reduction of the related utility expense within property operating expenses in our evaluation of segment results. In our condensed consolidated statements of operations, utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues, in accordance with GAAP.

As of September 30, 2019, our Same Store segment included 95 consolidated apartment communities with 27,640 apartment homes; our Redevelopment and Development segment included seven consolidated apartment communities with 3,137 apartment homes; our Acquisition segment included seven consolidated apartment communities with 1,590 apartment homes; and our Other Real Estate segment included 15 apartment communities with 1,315 apartment homes and one office building.

The following tables present the revenues, proportionate property net operating income and income before income tax benefit (expense) of our segments on a proportionate basis and excluding our proportionate share of four communities with 142 apartment homes, which we do not consolidate, and amounts related to apartment communities sold as of September 30, 2019 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Three months ended September 30, 2019:
Total revenues	$	179,056	$	17,891	$	10,656	$	13,389	$	8,832	$	3		$	229,827
Property operating expenses attributable    to real estate		48,220		7,469		3,317		5,149		8,234		5,041			77,430
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		113,770			113,770
Total operating expenses		48,220		7,469		3,317		5,149		8,234		118,811			191,200
Proportionate property net operating    income		130,836		10,422		7,339		8,240		598		(118,808	)		38,627
Other items included in income before    income tax benefit (4)		—		—		—		—		—		(37,753	)		(37,753	)
Income before income tax benefit	$	130,836	$	10,422	$	7,339	$	8,240	$	598	$	(156,561	)	$	874

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Three months ended September 30, 2018:
Total revenues	$	172,426	$	19,876	$	10,630	$	9,475	$	8,335	$	21,739		$	242,481
Property operating expenses attributable    to real estate		46,751		7,242		2,826		3,652		7,826		9,957			78,254
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		117,273			117,273
Total operating expenses		46,751		7,242		2,826		3,652		7,826		127,230			195,527
Proportionate property net operating    income		125,675		12,634		7,804		5,823		509		(105,491	)		46,954
Other items included in income before    income tax benefit (4)		—		—		—		—		—		583,169			583,169
Income before income tax expense	$	125,675	$	12,634	$	7,804	$	5,823	$	509	$	477,678		$	630,123

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Nine months ended September 30, 2019:
Total revenues	$	529,550	$	57,408	$	30,886	$	32,130	$	25,715	$	8,573		$	684,262
Property operating expenses    attributable to real estate		142,124		21,786		9,144		12,940		24,025		22,434			232,453
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		331,664			331,664
Total operating expenses		142,124		21,786		9,144		12,940		24,025		354,098			564,117
Proportionate property net operating    income		387,426		35,622		21,742		19,190		1,690		(345,525	)		120,145
Other items included in income before    income tax expense (4)		—		—		—		—		—		243,174			243,174
Income before income tax benefit	$	387,426	$	35,622	$	21,742	$	19,190	$	1,690	$	(102,351	)	$	363,319

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Nine months ended September 30, 2018:
Total revenues	$	509,357	$	56,436	$	18,567	$	28,164	$	24,103	$	103,761		$	740,388
Property operating expenses    attributable to real estate		139,417		20,678		5,224		11,179		22,551		33,523			232,572
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		358,124			358,124
Total operating expenses		139,417		20,678		5,224		11,179		22,551		391,647			590,696
Proportionate property net operating    income		369,940		35,758		13,343		16,985		1,552		(287,886	)		149,692
Other items included in income before    income tax expense (4)		—		—		—		—		—		544,454			544,454
Income before income tax benefit	$	369,940	$	35,758	$	13,343	$	16,985	$	1,552	$	256,568		$	694,146

(1) Represents adjustments for the noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships’ share of the results of consolidated apartment communities in our segments, which are included in the related consolidated amounts, but excluded from proportionate property net operating income for our segment evaluation. Also includes the reclassification of utility reimbursements from revenues to property operating expenses for the purpose of evaluating segment results. Utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues in our condensed consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with GAAP.

(2) Includes the operating results of apartment communities sold during the periods shown or held for sale at the end of the period, if any, and the operating results of apartment communities owned by consolidated partnerships served by our Asset Management business prior to its sale in July 2018. Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments also includes property management expenses and casualty gains and losses, which are included in consolidated property operating expenses and are not part of our segment performance measure.

(3) Other operating expenses not allocated to segments consists of property operating expenses of partnerships served by our Asset Management business prior to its sale in July 2018, depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses and other operating expenses, which are not included in our measure of segment performance.

(4) Other items included in income before income tax benefit (expense) primarily consists of gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business and interest expense.

The assets of our segments and the consolidated assets not allocated to our segments were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Same Store	$	4,083,389	$	4,131,494
Redevelopment and Development		899,628		792,126
Acquisition		633,462		507,190
Other Real Estate		643,645		327,099
Corporate and other assets (1)		279,054		432,095
Total consolidated assets	$	6,539,178	$	6,190,004

(1) Includes the assets not allocated to our segments, primarily corporate assets and assets of apartment communities sold as of September 30, 2019.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, capital additions related to our segments were as follows (in thousands):

	2019		2018
Same Store	$	121,069	$	126,140
Redevelopment and Development		147,582		98,191
Acquisition		22,398		9,731
Other Real Estate		12,692		4,194
Total capital additions	$	303,741	$	238,256

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
ASSETS
Buildings and improvements	$ 6,848,162	$ 6,552,065
Land	1,887,424	1,756,525
Total real estate	8,735,586	8,308,590
Accumulated depreciation	(2,684,694)	(2,585,115)
Net real estate	6,050,892	5,723,475
Cash and cash equivalents	58,724	36,858
Restricted cash	34,501	35,737
Other assets	395,061	351,541
Assets held for sale	0	42,393
Total assets	6,539,178	6,190,004
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Non-recourse property debt, net	4,254,710	3,915,305
Revolving credit facility borrowings	0	160,360
Total indebtedness	4,254,710	4,075,665
Accrued liabilities and other	397,216	226,230
Liabilities related to assets held for sale	0	23,177
Total liabilities	4,651,926	4,325,072
Preferred noncontrolling interests/Redeemable Preferred Units	101,178	101,291
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
Equity/Partners' Capital:
Perpetual Preferred Stock	0	125,000
Common Stock, $0.01 par value, 500,787,260 shares authorized, 148,884,686 and 144,623,034 shares issued/outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	1,489	1,446
Additional paid-in capital	3,497,333	3,515,686
Accumulated other comprehensive income	4,488	4,794
Distributions in excess of earnings	(1,797,851)	(1,947,507)
Total Aimco equity	1,705,459	1,699,419
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships	1,500	(2,967)
Common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership	79,115	67,189
Total equity	1,786,074	1,763,641
Total liabilities and equity	6,539,178	6,190,004
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
ASSETS
Buildings and improvements	6,848,162	6,552,065
Land	1,887,424	1,756,525
Total real estate	8,735,586	8,308,590
Accumulated depreciation	(2,684,694)	(2,585,115)
Net real estate	6,050,892	5,723,475
Cash and cash equivalents	58,724	36,858
Restricted cash	34,501	35,737
Other assets	395,061	351,541
Assets held for sale	0	42,393
Total assets	6,539,178	6,190,004
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Non-recourse property debt, net	4,254,710	3,915,305
Revolving credit facility borrowings		160,360
Total indebtedness	4,254,710	4,075,665
Accrued liabilities and other	397,216	226,230
Liabilities related to assets held for sale	0	23,177
Total liabilities	4,651,926	4,325,072
Preferred noncontrolling interests/Redeemable Preferred Units	101,178	101,291
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
Equity/Partners' Capital:
Preferred units	0	125,000
General Partner and Special Limited Partner	1,705,459	1,574,419
Limited Partners	79,115	67,189
Partners’ capital attributable to the Aimco Operating Partnership	1,784,574	1,766,608
Partners' Capital Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	1,500	(2,967)
Total partners’ capital	1,786,074	1,763,641
Total liabilities and equity	$ 6,539,178	$ 6,190,004

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Distributions in Excess of Earnings	Total Aimco Equity	Noncontrolling Interests In Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships	Common Noncontrolling Interests In Aimco Operating Partnership
Balances at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 1,655,753	$ 125,000	$ 1,524	$ 3,900,090	$ 3,603	$ (2,367,073)	$ 1,663,144	$ (1,716)	$ (5,675)
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		5,000	152,435
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of Aimco Operating Partnership units	50,151								50,151
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units	(8,458)								(8,458)
Amortization of share-based compensation cost	7,521			6,285			6,285		1,236
Amortization of share-based compensation cost (in shares)			21
Effect of changes in ownership of consolidated entities	(10,101)			(18,137)			(18,137)		8,036
Other, net	119		$ 2	122		(5)	119
Other, net (in shares)			136
Net income	700,958					658,820	658,820	8,045	34,093
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income	1,319				1,247		1,247		72
Cash dividends paid to Common Stockholders	(179,351)					(179,351)	(179,351)
Cash dividends paid to Preferred Stockholders	(6,445)					(6,445)	(6,445)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(17,336)							(7,934)	(9,402)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2018	2,194,130	$ 125,000	$ 1,526	3,888,360	4,850	(1,894,054)	2,125,682	(1,605)	70,053
Balances (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018		5,000	152,592
Balances at Jun. 30, 2018	1,654,785	$ 125,000	$ 1,526	3,887,308	3,208	(2,402,101)	1,614,941	(2,984)	42,828
Balances (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2018		5,000	152,592
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units	(847)								(847)
Amortization of share-based compensation cost	2,260			1,804			1,804		456
Effect of changes in ownership of consolidated entities				(753)			(753)		753
Other, net	(2)			1		(3)	(2)
Net income	601,983					569,991	569,991	1,794	30,198
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income	1,736				1,642		1,642		94
Cash dividends paid to Common Stockholders	(59,793)					(59,793)	(59,793)
Cash dividends paid to Preferred Stockholders	(2,148)					(2,148)	(2,148)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(3,844)							(415)	(3,429)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2018	2,194,130	$ 125,000	$ 1,526	3,888,360	4,850	(1,894,054)	2,125,682	(1,605)	70,053
Balances (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2018		5,000	152,592
Balances at Dec. 31, 2018	1,763,641	$ 125,000	$ 1,446	3,515,686	4,794	(1,947,507)	1,699,419	(2,967)	67,189
Balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		5,000	144,623
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Repurchases of Common Stock	(20,682)		$ (5)	(20,677)			(20,682)
Repurchases of Common Stock (in shares)			(461)
Redemption of Preferred Stock	(125,000)	$ (125,000)		4,089		(4,089)	(125,000)
Redemption of Preferred Stock (in shares)		(5,000)
Issuance of Aimco Operating Partnership units	3,034								3,034
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units	(4,958)		$ 2	6,242			6,244		(11,202)
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units (in shares)			127
Amortization of share-based compensation cost	7,182			4,795			4,795		2,387
Amortization of share-based compensation cost (in shares)			22
Effect of changes in ownership of consolidated entities				(12,123)			(12,123)	3,357	8,766
Contribution from noncontrolling interest inconsolidated real estate partnerships	4,911							4,911
Purchase of noncontrolling interest in consolidated real estate partnerships	(3,780)							(3,780)
Other, net	(98)		$ 1	(118)			(117)	19
Other, net (in shares)			82
Net income	359,461					340,571	340,571	103	18,787
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income	(325)				(306)		(306)		(19)
Cash dividends paid to Common Stockholders	(183,579)					(183,579)	(183,579)
Common Stock issued to Common Stockholders in special dividend	(516)		$ 45	(561)			(516)
Common Stock issued to Common Stockholders in special dividend (in shares)			4,492
Cash dividends paid to Preferred Stockholders	(3,247)					(3,247)	(3,247)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(9,970)							(143)	(9,827)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2019	1,786,074		$ 1,489	3,497,333	4,488	(1,797,851)	1,705,459	1,500	79,115
Balances (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2019			148,885
Balances at Jun. 30, 2019	1,842,866		$ 1,488	3,498,629	4,866	(1,741,765)	1,763,218	(2,718)	82,366
Balances (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019			148,827
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units	(826)		$ 1	2,820			2,821		(3,647)
Redemption of Aimco Operating Partnership units (in shares)			57
Amortization of share-based compensation cost	1,958			1,163			1,163		795
Effect of changes in ownership of consolidated entities				(5,104)			(5,104)	2,315	2,789
Contribution from noncontrolling interest inconsolidated real estate partnerships	4,911							4,911
Purchase of noncontrolling interest in consolidated real estate partnerships	(2,863)							(2,863)
Other, net	(175)			(175)			(175)
Other, net (in shares)			1
Net income	2,037					1,979	1,979	(58)	116
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income	(402)				(378)		(378)		(24)
Cash dividends paid to Common Stockholders	(58,065)					(58,065)	(58,065)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(3,367)							(87)	(3,280)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2019	$ 1,786,074		$ 1,489	$ 3,497,333	$ 4,488	$ (1,797,851)	$ 1,705,459	$ 1,500	$ 79,115
Balances (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2019			148,885

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Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019
New Accounting Pronouncements Or Change In Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Lease liabilities	$ 95,877	$ 95,877
ASU 2016-02
New Accounting Pronouncements Or Change In Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Right of use assets			$ 87,500
Lease liabilities			$ 79,700
Commercial lease
New Accounting Pronouncements Or Change In Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Lease, existence of option to extend		true
Residential Lease
New Accounting Pronouncements Or Change In Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Lease, existence of option to extend		false
Weighted average remaining term	10 months 9 days	10 months 9 days
Lease, option to extend		Generally, our residential leases do not provide extension options
Ground Lease
New Accounting Pronouncements Or Change In Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining term	79 years 3 months 18 days	79 years 3 months 18 days
Lease liabilities	$ 77,530	$ 77,530
Lease cost	$ 1,300	$ 5,800
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent	4.12%	4.12%
Office Lease
New Accounting Pronouncements Or Change In Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining term	8 years 6 months	8 years 6 months
Lease liabilities	$ 18,347	$ 18,347
Lease cost	$ 1,100	$ 2,400
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent	3.22%	3.22%

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Significant Transactions - Summarized Information Regarding Acquisition (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) apartment_home	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships	$ 1,500	$ (2,967)
Acquisition costs allocated to land	1,887,424	1,756,525
Acquisition costs allocated to building and improvements	6,848,162	$ 6,552,065
1001 Brickell Bay Drive [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price	156,750
Capitalized transaction costs	2,339
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships	8,250
Total consideration	167,339
Acquisition costs allocated to land	145,648
Acquisition costs allocated to building and improvements	153,241
Acquisition costs allocated to intangible assets	16,500
Acquisition costs allocated to intangible liabilities	(6,519)
Deferred tax liability assumed	(141,531)
Philadelphia Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price	65,833
Capitalized transaction costs	892
Total consideration	66,725
Acquisition costs allocated to land	4,929
Acquisition costs allocated to building and improvements	$ 61,271
Number of apartment homes | apartment_home	110
Acquisition costs allocated to furniture and fixtures	$ 525

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Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit - Effect of Dilutive Securities and Securities not Dilutive (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive share and partnership unit equivalents outstanding	202	222	218	158
Non-dilutive share and partnership unit equivalents outstanding		184		184
Unvested restricted participating shares and partnership units	189	250	189	250
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share and Dividends Per Share [Line Items]
Dilutive share and partnership unit equivalents outstanding	261	240	327	165
Non-dilutive share and partnership unit equivalents outstanding		421		421

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 5 — Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

In connection with our redevelopment, development and other capital additions activities, we have entered into various construction-related contracts and we have made commitments to complete redevelopment and development of certain apartment communities, pursuant to financing or other arrangements. As of September 30, 2019, our commitments related to these capital activities totaled approximately $308.9 million, most of which we expect to incur during the next 12 months.

We enter into certain commitments for future purchases of goods and services in connection with the operations of our apartment communities. Those commitments generally have terms of one year or less and reflect expenditure levels comparable to our historical expenditures.

Income Taxes

In 2014, the Internal Revenue Service initiated an audit of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s 2011 and 2012 tax years. This audit was concluded during the three months ended September 30, 2019, with no material effect on our tax benefits, financial condition or results of operations.

Legal Matters

In addition to the matters described below, we are a party to various legal actions and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are covered by our general liability insurance program, and none of which we expect to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Environmental

Various federal, state and local laws subject apartment community owners or operators to liability for management, and the costs of removal or remediation, of certain potentially hazardous materials that may be present in the land or buildings of an apartment community. Such laws often impose liability without regard to fault or whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such materials. The presence of, or the failure to manage or remediate properly, these materials may adversely affect occupancy at such apartment communities as well as the ability to sell or finance such apartment communities. In addition, governmental agencies may bring claims for costs associated with investigation and remediation actions. Moreover, private plaintiffs may potentially make claims for investigation and remediation costs they incur or for personal injury, disease, disability or other infirmities related to the alleged presence of hazardous materials. In addition to potential environmental liabilities or costs associated with our current apartment communities, we may also be responsible for such liabilities or costs associated with communities we acquire or manage in the future, or apartment communities we no longer own or operate.

We are engaged in discussions with the Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, regarding contaminated groundwater near an Indiana apartment community that has not been owned by us since 2008. The contamination allegedly derives from a dry cleaner that operated on our former property, prior to our ownership. We undertook a voluntary remediation of the dry cleaner contamination under IDEM’s oversight. In 2016, EPA listed our former community and a number of residential communities in the vicinity on the National Priorities List, or NPL (i.e. as a Superfund site). In May 2018, we prevailed on our federal judicial appeal vacating the Superfund listing. We continue to work with EPA to identify options for clean-up of the site.

Although the outcome of these processes are uncertain, we do not expect their resolution to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We also have a contingent liability stemming from a property in Lake Tahoe, California, regarding environmental contamination from the historic operation of a dry cleaner. An entity owned by us was the former general partner of a now-dissolved partnership that previously owned a site that was used for dry cleaning. That entity and the current property owner have been remediating the dry cleaner site since 2009, under the oversight of the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, or Lahontan. In May 2017, Lahontan issued a final cleanup and abatement order that names four potentially-responsible parties, acknowledges that there may be additional responsible parties, and requires the named parties to perform additional groundwater investigation and corrective actions with respect to onsite and offsite contamination. We are appealing the final order while simultaneously complying with it. Although the outcome of this process is uncertain, we do not expect its resolution to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

We have determined that our legal obligations to remove or remediate certain potentially hazardous materials may be conditional asset retirement obligations, as defined in GAAP. Except in limited circumstances where the asset retirement activities are expected to be performed in connection with a planned construction project or apartment community casualty, we believe that the fair value of our asset retirement obligations cannot be reasonably estimated due to significant uncertainties in the timing and manner of settlement of those obligations. Asset retirement obligations that are reasonably estimable as of September 30, 2019, are immaterial to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Variable Interest Entities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Variable Interest Entities

Note 9 — Variable Interest Entities

Generally, a variable interest entity, or VIE, is a legal entity in which the equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or the equity investors lack sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. A limited partnership is considered a VIE when the majority of the limited partners unrelated to the general partner possess neither the right to remove the general partner without cause, nor certain rights to participate in the decisions that most significantly affect the financial results of the partnership. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consider qualitative and quantitative factors, including, but not limited to: which activities most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and which party controls such activities; the amount and characteristics of our investment; the obligation or likelihood for us or other investors to provide financial support; and the similarity with and significance to our business activities and the business activities of the other investors. Significant judgments related to these determinations include estimates about the current and future fair values and performance of real estate held by these VIEs and general market conditions.

Aimco consolidates the Aimco Operating Partnership, a VIE of which Aimco is the primary beneficiary. Aimco, through the Aimco Operating Partnership, consolidates all VIEs for which the Aimco Operating Partnership is the primary beneficiary.

All of the VIEs the Aimco Operating Partnership consolidates own interests in one or more apartment communities and are typically structured to generate a return for their partners through the operation and ultimate sale of the communities. The Aimco Operating Partnership is the primary beneficiary in the limited partnerships in which it is the sole decision maker and has a substantial economic interest. The table below summarizes information regarding VIEs consolidated by the Aimco Operating Partnership:

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
VIEs with interests in apartment communities		6		9
Apartment communities owned by VIEs		6		9
Apartment homes in communities owned by VIEs		2,056		3,592

Assets of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s consolidated VIEs must first be used to settle the liabilities of such consolidated VIEs. These consolidated VIEs’ creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Aimco Operating Partnership. Assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs are summarized in the table below (in thousands):

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Assets
Net real estate	$	203,443	$	488,127
Cash and cash equivalents		5,604		15,416
Restricted cash		1,884		4,461
Other assets		26,433		3,973
Liabilities
Non-recourse property debt secured by Aimco communities, net		176,840		322,685
Accrued liabilities and other		32,378		13,576

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) (Unaudited) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common Stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,787,260	500,787,260
Common Stock, shares issued (in shares)	148,884,686	144,623,034
Common Stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	148,884,686	144,623,034

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$ 365,261	$ 706,763
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	283,027	286,439
Gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business	(356,929)	(679,738)
Income tax benefit	(1,942)	(12,617)
Other adjustments	10,429	11,762
Net changes in operating assets and operating liabilities	(21,098)	(9,683)
Net cash provided by operating activities	278,748	302,926
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of real estate and deposits related to purchases of real estate	(131,613)	(212,358)
Capital expenditures	(292,749)	(253,149)
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate	422,463	708,464
Purchases of corporate assets	(14,825)	(5,530)
Proceeds from repayments on notes receivable	111	3,242
Other investing activities	608	(1,547)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(16,005)	239,122
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of non-recourse property debt	667,965	360,613
Principal repayments of non-recourse property debt	(390,346)	(403,141)
Repayment of term loan	0	(250,000)
Net repayments on revolving credit facility	(160,360)	(67,160)
Repurchases of Common Stock	(20,682)	0
Redemption of Preferred Stock	(125,000)	0
Payment of dividends to Common Stockholders	(183,319)	(178,937)
Payment of dividends to Preferred Stockholders	(3,247)	(6,445)
Payment of distributions to noncontrolling interests	(16,320)	(22,549)
Redemption of noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership	(5,071)	(8,675)
Contribution from noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships	4,911	0
Purchases of noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships	(3,780)	(3,581)
Other financing activities	(6,864)	(415)
Net cash used in financing activities	(242,113)	(580,290)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH	20,630	(38,242)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD	72,595	142,541
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	93,225	104,299
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	365,261	706,763
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	283,027	286,439
Gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business	(356,929)	(679,738)
Income tax benefit	(1,942)	(12,617)
Other adjustments	10,429	11,762
Net changes in operating assets and operating liabilities	(21,098)	(9,683)
Net cash provided by operating activities	278,748	302,926
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of real estate and deposits related to purchases of real estate	(131,613)	(212,358)
Capital expenditures	(292,749)	(253,149)
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate	422,463	708,464
Purchases of corporate assets	(14,825)	(5,530)
Proceeds from repayments on notes receivable	111	3,242
Other investing activities	608	(1,547)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(16,005)	239,122
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of non-recourse property debt	667,965	360,613
Principal repayments of non-recourse property debt	(390,346)	(403,141)
Repayment of term loan	0	(250,000)
Net repayments on revolving credit facility	(160,360)	(67,160)
Repurchases of Common Stock	(20,682)	0
Redemption of preferred units held by Aimco	(125,000)	0
Payment of dividends to Preferred Stockholders	(9,047)	(12,250)
Payment of distributions to General Partner and Special Limited Partner	(183,319)	(178,937)
Payment of distributions to Limited Partners	(10,211)	(8,810)
Payment of distributions to noncontrolling interests	(309)	(7,934)
Redemption of noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership	(5,071)	(8,675)
Contribution from noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships	4,911	0
Purchases of noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships	(3,780)	(3,581)
Other financing activities	(6,864)	(415)
Net cash used in financing activities	(242,113)	(580,290)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH	20,630	(38,242)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD	72,595	142,541
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	$ 93,225	$ 104,299

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Business Segments (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Capital additions	$ 303,741	$ 238,256
Same Store [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Capital additions	121,069	126,140
Redevelopment and Development [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Capital additions	147,582	98,191
Acquisition [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Capital additions	22,398	9,731
Other Real Estate [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Capital additions	$ 12,692	$ 4,194

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Fair Value Measurements (Details Textual) - Available-for-sale Securities [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Face amount of investment in available-for-sale debt securities	$ 100.9
Expected remaining term of available for sale securities	1 year 8 months 12 days
Amortized cost of the investment in available-for-sale debt securities	$ 88.3	$ 83.6
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Mortgage-backed securities available-for-sale, fair value disclosure	$ 92.9	$ 88.5

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Significant Transactions (Details Textual) - 1001 Brickell Bay Drive [Member]	Sep. 30, 2019 a
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Business acquisition, percentage of interest acquired	95.00%
Area of land	1.8

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Lease income for operating leases

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, our total lease income was comprised of the following amounts for all operating leases (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Fixed lease income	$	213,945	$	639,359
Variable lease income		15,005		42,814
Total lease income	$	228,950	$	682,173

Future minimum annual rental payments receivable under commercial operating leases

Future minimum annual rental payments we will receive under commercial operating leases, excluding such extension options, are as follows (in thousands)

October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019	$	7,200
2020		26,861
2021		23,391
2022		19,910
2023		16,081
Thereafter		65,583
Total	$	159,026

Minimum annual rental payments under operating leases

Minimum annual rental payments under operating leases, reconciled to the lease liabilities included in accrued liabilities and other on our condensed consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):

	Office Lease Future Minimum Rent			Ground Lease Future Minimum Rent			Total Operating Lease Future Minimum Rent
October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019	$	852		$	529		$	1,381
2020		2,806			2,350			5,156
2021		2,704			2,439			5,143
2022		2,561			2,492			5,053
2023		1,871			2,492			4,363
Thereafter		10,644			422,169			432,813
Total		21,438			432,471			453,909
Less: Discount		(3,091	)		(354,941	)		(358,032	)
Total lease liability	$	18,347		$	77,530		$	95,877

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Organization (Details Textual)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 Property apartment_home shares
Organization [Line Items]
Common partnership units and equivalents outstanding | shares	148,884,686
Partially Owned Properties [Member]
Organization [Line Items]
Number of apartment communities | Property	128
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	33,824
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member]
Organization [Line Items]
Number of apartment communities | Property	124
Number of apartment homes in apartment communities | apartment_home	33,682
AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P [Member]
Organization [Line Items]
Common partnership units and equivalents outstanding | shares	158,447,276
AIMCO-GP, Inc. [Member]
Organization [Line Items]
Percentage of the Aimco Operating Partnership's common partnership units and equivalents owned by Aimco	94.00%

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Significant Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Significant Transactions [Abstract]

Significant Transactions

Note 3 — Significant Transactions

Acquisition of 1001 Brickell Bay Drive

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we acquired a 95% interest in 1001 Brickell Bay Drive, a 1.8-acre waterfront parcel in Miami, Florida, currently improved with an office building. Summarized information regarding this acquisition is set forth in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Purchase price	$	156,750
Capitalized transaction costs		2,339
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		8,250
Total consideration (1)	$	167,339
Acquisition costs allocated to land	$	145,648
Acquisition costs allocated to building and improvements		153,241
Acquisition costs allocated to intangible assets		16,500
Acquisition costs allocated to intangible liabilities		(6,519	)
Deferred tax liability assumed (2)		(141,531	)
Total consideration	$	167,339

(1) Total consideration includes $66.8 million of debt assumed.

(2) The deferred tax liability of $141.5 million resulted from the corporate structure utilized to complete the acquisition and is due to the difference between the purchase price determined in accordance with GAAP and the tax basis of the property. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded an income tax benefit of $1.7 million related to this property.

Acquisitions of Apartment Communities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we acquired an apartment community located in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia. Summarized information regarding this acquisition is set forth in the table below (dollars in thousands):

Number of apartment homes		110
Purchase price (1)	$	65,833
Capitalized transaction costs		892
Total consideration	$	66,725
Acquisition costs allocated to land	$	4,929
Acquisition costs allocated to building (2)		61,271
Acquisition costs allocated to furniture and fixtures (2)		525
Total consideration	$	66,725

(1) The gross purchase price of the acquisition consisted of $32.8 million in cash, $30.9 million of assumed property-level debt and the issuance of 59,761 OP Units. In accordance with GAAP, the OP Units were valued at $50.77 per unit, the Aimco Common Stock closing price on April 5, 2019, the purchase date.

(2) Amounts are included within the buildings and improvements line item in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Dispositions of Apartment Communities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we sold apartment communities as summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Apartment communities sold		8
Apartment homes sold		2,605
Gain on dispositions of real estate	$	356,929

The apartment communities sold were predominantly located outside of our primary markets or in lower-rated locations within our primary markets and had average revenues per apartment home significantly below those of our retained portfolio.

In addition to the apartment communities we sold during the current period, from time to time we may be marketing for sale certain apartment communities that are inconsistent with our long-term investment strategy. At the end of each reporting period, we evaluate whether such communities meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale. As of September 30, 2019, no apartment communities were classified as held for sale.

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 7 — Fair Value Measurements

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

We hold several positions in the securitization trust that holds certain of our property debt and pay interest currently. We also hold the first loss position in the securitization trust, which accrues interest over the term of the investment. These investments were acquired at a discount to face value and we are accreting the discount to the $100.9 million face value of the investments through interest income using the effective interest method over the remaining expected term of the investments, which, as of September 30, 2019, was approximately 1.7 years. We measure at fair value, on a recurring basis, our investments in the securitization trust, which we classify as available for sale, or AFS, debt securities.

Our investments in AFS debt securities are included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our amortized cost basis for AFS debt securities, which represents the original cost adjusted for interest accretion less interest payments received, was $88.3 million and $83.6 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. We estimated the fair value of these investments to be $92.9 million and $88.5 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Our investments in AFS debt securities are classified within Level 2 of the GAAP fair value hierarchy. We estimate the fair value of these investments using an income and market approach with primarily observable inputs, including yields and other information regarding similar types of investments, and adjusted for certain unobservable inputs specific to these investments. The fair value of the positions that pay interest currently typically moves in an inverse relationship with movements in interest rates. The fair value of the first loss position is primarily correlated to collateral quality and demand for similar subordinate commercial mortgage-backed securities.

Fair Value Disclosures

We believe that the carrying value of the consolidated amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and payables approximated their fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, due to their relatively short-term nature and high probability of realization. The carrying amounts of longer term seller financing notes receivable approximated their estimated fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The carrying amount of our total indebtedness approximated its estimated fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. We estimate the fair value of our seller financing notes and our consolidated debt using an income and market approach, including comparison of the contractual terms to observable and unobservable inputs such as market interest rate risk spreads, contractual interest rates, remaining periods to maturity, collateral quality and loan to value ratios on similarly encumbered apartment communities within our portfolio. We classify the fair value of debt and seller financing notes within Level 3 of the GAAP valuation hierarchy based on the significance of certain of the unobservable inputs used to estimate its fair value.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Reconciliation of consolidated temporary equity accounts

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred OP Units from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019. As described in Note 6, the preferred OP Units may be redeemed at the holder’s option, and are therefore presented within temporary equity in Aimco’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and within temporary capital in the Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

Balance, December 31, 2018	$	101,291
Distributions to holders of preferred OP Units		(5,800	)
Redemption of preferred OP Units and other		(113	)
Net income attributable to preferred OP Units		5,800
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	101,178

Reclassifications to conform to the current presentation

We have also reclassified gain on dispositions of real estate and related income taxes, which were previously reported net on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, to now present gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business as a component of income before income tax benefit (expense) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018										Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	As Previously Reported		Adjustments				As Revised				As Previously Reported			Adjustments				As Revised
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	27,941		$	(54,147	)		$	(26,206	)		$	69,724		$	(57,107	)		$	12,617
Gain on dispositions of real estate   and the Asset Management     business		572,085			54,147				626,232				622,631			57,107				679,738

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Leases - Minimum Annual Rental Payments Under Operating Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019	$ 1,381
2020	5,156
2021	5,143
2022	5,053
2023	4,363
Thereafter	432,813
Total	453,909
Less: Discount	(358,032)
Total lease liability	$ 95,877
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities
Office Lease Future Minimum Rent
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019	$ 852
2020	2,806
2021	2,704
2022	2,561
2023	1,871
Thereafter	10,644
Total	21,438
Less: Discount	(3,091)
Total lease liability	$ 18,347
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities
Ground Lease Future Minimum Rent
Lessee Lease Description [Line Items]
October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019	$ 529
2020	2,350
2021	2,439
2022	2,492
2023	2,492
Thereafter	422,169
Total	432,471
Less: Discount	(354,941)
Total lease liability	$ 77,530
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities

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Significant Transactions - Summary of Apartment Community Dispositions (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) Property apartment_home Community	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) Property apartment_home Community	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Gain on dispositions of real estate | $	$ 1,146	$ 626,232	$ 356,929	$ 679,738
Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Apartment communities sold | Property	124		124
Apartment homes sold | apartment_home	33,682		33,682
Disposal Group, Disposed of by Sale, Not Discontinued Operations [Member] | Wholly And Partially Owned Consolidated Properties [Member]
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Apartment communities sold | Property	8		8
Apartment homes sold | apartment_home	2,605		2,605
Gain on dispositions of real estate | $			$ 356,929
Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Apartment communities sold | Community	0		0

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Organization

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization

Note 1 — Organization

Apartment Investment and Management Company, or Aimco, is a Maryland corporation incorporated on January 10, 1994. Aimco is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT. AIMCO Properties, L.P., or the Aimco Operating Partnership, is a Delaware limited partnership formed on May 16, 1994, to conduct our business, which is focused on the ownership, management, redevelopment and some development of quality apartment communities located in several of the largest markets in the United States.

Aimco, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, AIMCO-GP, Inc. and AIMCO-LP Trust, owns a majority of the ownership interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership. Aimco conducts all of its business and owns all of its assets through the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are referred to as OP Units. OP Units include common partnership units, which we refer to as common OP Units, as well as partnership preferred units, which we refer to as preferred OP Units. As of September 30, 2019, after elimination of units held by consolidated subsidiaries, the Aimco Operating Partnership had 158,447,276 common partnership units outstanding. As of September 30, 2019, Aimco owned 148,884,686 of the common partnership units, or 94.0%, of the Aimco Operating Partnership and Aimco had, an equal number of shares of its Class A Common Stock outstanding, which we refer to as Common Stock.

Except as the context otherwise requires, “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership and their consolidated subsidiaries, collectively.

As of September 30, 2019, we owned an equity interest in 128 apartment communities with 33,824 apartment homes in our portfolio. Our portfolio is diversified by both price point and geography and consists primarily of market rate apartment communities in which we own a substantial interest. We consolidated 124 of these apartment communities with 33,682 apartment homes.

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Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Nov. 01, 2019
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	APARTMENT INVESTMENT & MANAGEMENT CO
Entity Central Index Key	0000922864
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2019
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Trading Symbol	AIV
Entity File Number	1-13232
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-1259577
Entity Address, State or Province	MD
Entity Address, Address Line One	4582 South Ulster Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 1700
Entity Address, City or Town	Denver
Entity Address, State or Province	CO
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	80237
City Area Code	303
Local Phone Number	757-8101
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		148,884,686
Title of 12(b) Security	Aimco Investment and Management Company Class A Common Stock
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	AIMCO PROPERTIES LP
Entity Central Index Key	0000926660
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2019
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity File Number	0-24497
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-1275621
Entity Address, State or Province	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	4582 South Ulster Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 1700
Entity Address, City or Town	Denver
Entity Address, State or Province	CO
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	80237
City Area Code	303
Local Phone Number	757-8101
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		158,433,601

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Net income	$ 3,970	$ 603,917	$ 365,261	$ 706,763
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized (losses) gains on available for sale debt securities	(402)	979	(325)	(72)
Losses on interest rate swaps reclassified into earnings from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0	757	0	1,391
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(402)	1,736	(325)	1,319
Comprehensive income	3,568	605,653	364,936	708,082
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1,967)	(34,020)	(24,671)	(48,015)
Comprehensive income attributable to Aimco/Operating Partnership	1,601	571,633	340,265	660,067
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
Net income	3,970	603,917	365,261	706,763
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized (losses) gains on available for sale debt securities	(402)	979	(325)	(72)
Losses on interest rate swaps reclassified into earnings from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0	757	0	1,391
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(402)	1,736	(325)	1,319
Comprehensive income	3,568	605,653	364,936	708,082
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	58	(1,794)	(103)	(8,045)
Comprehensive income attributable to Aimco/Operating Partnership	$ 3,626	$ 603,859	$ 364,833	$ 700,037

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Business Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Summary information for the reportable segments
Total revenues	$ 229,827	$ 242,481	$ 684,262	$ 740,388
Other operating expenses not allocated to segments	113,770	117,273	331,664	358,124
Total operating expenses	191,200	195,527	564,117	590,696
Proportionate property net operating income	38,627	46,954	120,145	149,692
Other items included in income before income tax benefit (expense)	(37,753)	583,169	243,174	544,454
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	874	630,123	363,319	694,146
Real Estate [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Total revenues	229,827	234,048	684,262	690,571
Property operating expenses	77,430	78,254	232,453	232,572
Segment Reconciling Items [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Total revenues	8,832	8,335	25,715	24,103
Total operating expenses	8,234	7,826	24,025	22,551
Proportionate property net operating income	598	509	1,690	1,552
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	598	509	1,690	1,552
Segment Reconciling Items [Member] | Real Estate [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Property operating expenses	8,234	7,826	24,025	22,551
Corporate Non-Segment [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Total revenues	3	21,739	8,573	103,761
Other operating expenses not allocated to segments	113,770	117,273	331,664	358,124
Total operating expenses	118,811	127,230	354,098	391,647
Proportionate property net operating income	(118,808)	(105,491)	(345,525)	(287,886)
Other items included in income before income tax benefit (expense)	(37,753)	583,169	243,174	544,454
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	(156,561)	477,678	(102,351)	256,568
Corporate Non-Segment [Member] | Real Estate [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Property operating expenses	5,041	9,957	22,434	33,523
Same Store [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Total revenues	179,056	172,426	529,550	509,357
Total operating expenses	48,220	46,751	142,124	139,417
Proportionate property net operating income	130,836	125,675	387,426	369,940
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	130,836	125,675	387,426	369,940
Same Store [Member] | Operating Segments [Member] | Real Estate [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Property operating expenses	48,220	46,751	142,124	139,417
Redevelopment and Development [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Total revenues	17,891	19,876	57,408	56,436
Total operating expenses	7,469	7,242	21,786	20,678
Proportionate property net operating income	10,422	12,634	35,622	35,758
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	10,422	12,634	35,622	35,758
Redevelopment and Development [Member] | Operating Segments [Member] | Real Estate [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Property operating expenses	7,469	7,242	21,786	20,678
Acquisition [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Total revenues	10,656	10,630	30,886	18,567
Total operating expenses	3,317	2,826	9,144	5,224
Proportionate property net operating income	7,339	7,804	21,742	13,343
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	7,339	7,804	21,742	13,343
Acquisition [Member] | Operating Segments [Member] | Real Estate [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Property operating expenses	3,317	2,826	9,144	5,224
Other Real Estate [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Total revenues	13,389	9,475	32,130	28,164
Total operating expenses	5,149	3,652	12,940	11,179
Proportionate property net operating income	8,240	5,823	19,190	16,985
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	8,240	5,823	19,190	16,985
Other Real Estate [Member] | Operating Segments [Member] | Real Estate [Member]
Summary information for the reportable segments
Property operating expenses	$ 5,149	$ 3,652	$ 12,940	$ 11,179

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Business Segments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary information for the reportable segments

The following tables present the revenues, proportionate property net operating income and income before income tax benefit (expense) of our segments on a proportionate basis and excluding our proportionate share of four communities with 142 apartment homes, which we do not consolidate, and amounts related to apartment communities sold as of September 30, 2019 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Three months ended September 30, 2019:
Total revenues	$	179,056	$	17,891	$	10,656	$	13,389	$	8,832	$	3		$	229,827
Property operating expenses attributable    to real estate		48,220		7,469		3,317		5,149		8,234		5,041			77,430
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		113,770			113,770
Total operating expenses		48,220		7,469		3,317		5,149		8,234		118,811			191,200
Proportionate property net operating    income		130,836		10,422		7,339		8,240		598		(118,808	)		38,627
Other items included in income before    income tax benefit (4)		—		—		—		—		—		(37,753	)		(37,753	)
Income before income tax benefit	$	130,836	$	10,422	$	7,339	$	8,240	$	598	$	(156,561	)	$	874

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Three months ended September 30, 2018:
Total revenues	$	172,426	$	19,876	$	10,630	$	9,475	$	8,335	$	21,739		$	242,481
Property operating expenses attributable    to real estate		46,751		7,242		2,826		3,652		7,826		9,957			78,254
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		117,273			117,273
Total operating expenses		46,751		7,242		2,826		3,652		7,826		127,230			195,527
Proportionate property net operating    income		125,675		12,634		7,804		5,823		509		(105,491	)		46,954
Other items included in income before    income tax benefit (4)		—		—		—		—		—		583,169			583,169
Income before income tax expense	$	125,675	$	12,634	$	7,804	$	5,823	$	509	$	477,678		$	630,123

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Nine months ended September 30, 2019:
Total revenues	$	529,550	$	57,408	$	30,886	$	32,130	$	25,715	$	8,573		$	684,262
Property operating expenses    attributable to real estate		142,124		21,786		9,144		12,940		24,025		22,434			232,453
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		331,664			331,664
Total operating expenses		142,124		21,786		9,144		12,940		24,025		354,098			564,117
Proportionate property net operating    income		387,426		35,622		21,742		19,190		1,690		(345,525	)		120,145
Other items included in income before    income tax expense (4)		—		—		—		—		—		243,174			243,174
Income before income tax benefit	$	387,426	$	35,622	$	21,742	$	19,190	$	1,690	$	(102,351	)	$	363,319

	Same Store		Redevelopment and Development		Acquisition		Other Real Estate		Proportionate and Other Adjustments (1)		Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments (2)			Consolidated
Nine months ended September 30, 2018:
Total revenues	$	509,357	$	56,436	$	18,567	$	28,164	$	24,103	$	103,761		$	740,388
Property operating expenses    attributable to real estate		139,417		20,678		5,224		11,179		22,551		33,523			232,572
Other operating expenses not allocated    to segments (3)		—		—		—		—		—		358,124			358,124
Total operating expenses		139,417		20,678		5,224		11,179		22,551		391,647			590,696
Proportionate property net operating    income		369,940		35,758		13,343		16,985		1,552		(287,886	)		149,692
Other items included in income before    income tax expense (4)		—		—		—		—		—		544,454			544,454
Income before income tax benefit	$	369,940	$	35,758	$	13,343	$	16,985	$	1,552	$	256,568		$	694,146

(1) Represents adjustments for the noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships’ share of the results of consolidated apartment communities in our segments, which are included in the related consolidated amounts, but excluded from proportionate property net operating income for our segment evaluation. Also includes the reclassification of utility reimbursements from revenues to property operating expenses for the purpose of evaluating segment results. Utility reimbursements are included in rental and other property revenues in our condensed consolidated statements of operations prepared in accordance with GAAP.

(2) Includes the operating results of apartment communities sold during the periods shown or held for sale at the end of the period, if any, and the operating results of apartment communities owned by consolidated partnerships served by our Asset Management business prior to its sale in July 2018. Corporate and Amounts Not Allocated to Segments also includes property management expenses and casualty gains and losses, which are included in consolidated property operating expenses and are not part of our segment performance measure.

(3) Other operating expenses not allocated to segments consists of property operating expenses of partnerships served by our Asset Management business prior to its sale in July 2018, depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses and other operating expenses, which are not included in our measure of segment performance.

(4) Other items included in income before income tax benefit (expense) primarily consists of gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business and interest expense.

Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated

The assets of our segments and the consolidated assets not allocated to our segments were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Same Store	$	4,083,389	$	4,131,494
Redevelopment and Development		899,628		792,126
Acquisition		633,462		507,190
Other Real Estate		643,645		327,099
Corporate and other assets (1)		279,054		432,095
Total consolidated assets	$	6,539,178	$	6,190,004

(1) Includes the assets not allocated to our segments, primarily corporate assets and assets of apartment communities sold as of September 30, 2019.

Capital additions related to segments

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, capital additions related to our segments were as follows (in thousands):

	2019		2018
Same Store	$	121,069	$	126,140
Redevelopment and Development		147,582		98,191
Acquisition		22,398		9,731
Other Real Estate		12,692		4,194
Total capital additions	$	303,741	$	238,256

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Error Corrections and Prior Period Adjustments Restatement [Line Items]
Income tax benefit (expense)	$ 3,096	$ (26,206)	$ 1,942	$ 12,617
Gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business	$ 1,146	626,232	$ 356,929	679,738
As Previously Reported
Error Corrections and Prior Period Adjustments Restatement [Line Items]
Income tax benefit (expense)		27,941		69,724
Gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business		572,085		622,631
Adjustments
Error Corrections and Prior Period Adjustments Restatement [Line Items]
Income tax benefit (expense)		(54,147)		(57,107)
Gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business		$ 54,147		$ 57,107

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Business Segments (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 6,539,178	$ 6,190,004
Corporate Non-Segment [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	279,054	432,095
Same Store [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	4,083,389	4,131,494
Redevelopment and Development [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	899,628	792,126
Acquisition [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	633,462	507,190
Other Real Estate [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 643,645	$ 327,099

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Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Effect of Dilutive Securities and Securities not Dilutive

The effect of dilutive securities included in the calculation of earnings per share, and securities not dilutive and excluded from the calculation of earnings per share, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018
Dilutive share equivalents outstanding	202	222	218	158
Dilutive partnership unit equivalents outstanding	261	240	327	165
Non-dilutive share equivalents outstanding	—	184	—	184
Non-dilutive partnership unit equivalents outstanding	—	421	—	421
Unvested restricted participating shares and partnership units	189	250	189	250

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance, December 31, 2018	$ 101,291
Balance, September 30, 2019	101,178
AIMCO PROPERTIES, L.P [Member]
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Balance, December 31, 2018	101,291
Distributions to holders of preferred OP Units	(5,800)
Redemption of preferred OP Units and other	(113)
Net income attributable to preferred OP Units	5,800
Balance, September 30, 2019	$ 101,178

XML

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations, although management believes the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.

The balance sheets of Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership at December 31, 2018, have been derived from their respective audited financial statements at that date, but do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Except where indicated, the footnotes refer to both Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

Aimco’s accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated subsidiaries. The Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Aimco Operating Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries. Please refer to Note 9. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are reflected in Aimco’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in partnerships consolidated by the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by third parties are reflected in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships.

Temporary Equity and Partners' Capital

Temporary Equity and Partners’ Capital

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred OP Units from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019. As described in Note 6, the preferred OP Units may be redeemed at the holder’s option, and are therefore presented within temporary equity in Aimco’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and within temporary capital in the Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

Balance, December 31, 2018	$	101,291
Distributions to holders of preferred OP Units		(5,800	)
Redemption of preferred OP Units and other		(113	)
Net income attributable to preferred OP Units		5,800
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	101,178

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts included in the financial statements and accompanying notes thereto. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications and Revisions

Reclassifications and Revisions

Certain items in the 2018 condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. We have also reclassified gain on dispositions of real estate and related income taxes, which were previously reported net on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, to now present gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business as a component of income before income tax benefit (expense) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018										Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	As Previously Reported		Adjustments				As Revised				As Previously Reported			Adjustments				As Revised
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	27,941		$	(54,147	)		$	(26,206	)		$	69,724		$	(57,107	)		$	12,617
Gain on dispositions of real estate   and the Asset Management     business		572,085			54,147				626,232				622,631			57,107				679,738

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership effected a reverse split of Common Stock and common partnership units, respectively, at a ratio of one share or unit for every 1.03119 shares or units outstanding on the date of effectiveness. The accounting guidance for recapitalization events requires that we revise Aimco’s equity and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s partners’ capital as if the reverse split had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented. As such, we have revised the outstanding share and unit counts, presentation of share and unit activity, and earnings per share and unit, as if the reverse split had occurred on December 31, 2017.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year

Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted the lease accounting standard issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB. We elected to adopt the new standard using practical expedients that: do not require a look back to expired or existing contracts for embedded leases; allow us to retain the classification of existing leases; and allow us to retain the previous accounting for the initial direct costs of existing leases. Under the new standard, a contract is or contains a lease when it provides the right to control the use of an asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Lessor accounting remains largely unchanged. In our position as a lessor, we have elected the practical expedient that allows us to combine revenue attributable to nonlease components with associated lease components where the timing and pattern of transfer of the components are the same. As a result, we will combine rent payments with payments for other services we provide to our residents, including residents’ reimbursement of utility expenses. We have adopted the standard using the optional transition method that allows for prior reporting periods to remain as originally presented. Please refer to Note 4.

In 2018, the Securities Exchange Commission, or SEC, amended its rules to eliminate, modify, or integrate into other SEC requirements certain disclosure rules. The amendments are intended to simplify compliance without significantly changing the total mix of information provided to investors. The amendments created a requirement to report changes in equity and dividends per share in interim periods on a comparative basis for both quarter-to-date and year-to-date periods presented. We have presented comparative interim statements of stockholders’ and partners’ equity in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In 2016, the FASB issued a new standard for accounting for financial instruments and credit losses thereon, which changes the method and timing of the recognition of credit losses on financial assets. The standard will require us to estimate and record credit losses over the life of a financial instrument, including receivables, at its inception. We have limited loans receivable and we invest in debt securities, which are subject to the new standard. Financial instruments, including receivables, related to operating leases are excluded from the new standard as they are subject to the lease accounting standard. This credit loss standard is required to be applied using a modified-retrospective approach and requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings be recorded as of the date of adoption. The new standard is effective for us on January 1, 2020. We are currently in the process of completing our analysis of the impact of the standard and do not expect it to have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations, although management believes the disclosures are adequate to prevent the information presented from being misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.

The balance sheets of Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership at December 31, 2018, have been derived from their respective audited financial statements at that date, but do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in Aimco’s and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s combined Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Except where indicated, the footnotes refer to both Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership.

Principles of Consolidation

Aimco’s accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aimco, the Aimco Operating Partnership, and their consolidated subsidiaries. The Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Aimco Operating Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries. Please refer to Note 9. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by limited partners other than Aimco are reflected in Aimco’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests in the Aimco Operating Partnership. Interests in partnerships consolidated by the Aimco Operating Partnership that are held by third parties are reflected in our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships.

Temporary Equity and Partners’ Capital

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Aimco Operating Partnership’s preferred OP Units from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019. As described in Note 6, the preferred OP Units may be redeemed at the holder’s option, and are therefore presented within temporary equity in Aimco’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and within temporary capital in the Aimco Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

Balance, December 31, 2018	$	101,291
Distributions to holders of preferred OP Units		(5,800	)
Redemption of preferred OP Units and other		(113	)
Net income attributable to preferred OP Units		5,800
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	101,178

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts included in the financial statements and accompanying notes thereto. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications and Revisions

Certain items in the 2018 condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. We have also reclassified gain on dispositions of real estate and related income taxes, which were previously reported net on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, to now present gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business as a component of income before income tax benefit (expense) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018										Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	As Previously Reported		Adjustments				As Revised				As Previously Reported			Adjustments				As Revised
Income tax benefit (expense)	$	27,941		$	(54,147	)		$	(26,206	)		$	69,724		$	(57,107	)		$	12,617
Gain on dispositions of real estate   and the Asset Management     business		572,085			54,147				626,232				622,631			57,107				679,738

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership effected a reverse split of Common Stock and common partnership units, respectively, at a ratio of one share or unit for every 1.03119 shares or units outstanding on the date of effectiveness. The accounting guidance for recapitalization events requires that we revise Aimco’s equity and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s partners’ capital as if the reverse split had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented. As such, we have revised the outstanding share and unit counts, presentation of share and unit activity, and earnings per share and unit, as if the reverse split had occurred on December 31, 2017.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year

Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted the lease accounting standard issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB. We elected to adopt the new standard using practical expedients that: do not require a look back to expired or existing contracts for embedded leases; allow us to retain the classification of existing leases; and allow us to retain the previous accounting for the initial direct costs of existing leases. Under the new standard, a contract is or contains a lease when it provides the right to control the use of an asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Lessor accounting remains largely unchanged. In our position as a lessor, we have elected the practical expedient that allows us to combine revenue attributable to nonlease components with associated lease components where the timing and pattern of transfer of the components are the same. As a result, we will combine rent payments with payments for other services we provide to our residents, including residents’ reimbursement of utility expenses. We have adopted the standard using the optional transition method that allows for prior reporting periods to remain as originally presented. Please refer to Note 4.

In 2018, the Securities Exchange Commission, or SEC, amended its rules to eliminate, modify, or integrate into other SEC requirements certain disclosure rules. The amendments are intended to simplify compliance without significantly changing the total mix of information provided to investors. The amendments created a requirement to report changes in equity and dividends per share in interim periods on a comparative basis for both quarter-to-date and year-to-date periods presented. We have presented comparative interim statements of stockholders’ and partners’ equity in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In 2016, the FASB issued a new standard for accounting for financial instruments and credit losses thereon, which changes the method and timing of the recognition of credit losses on financial assets. The standard will require us to estimate and record credit losses over the life of a financial instrument, including receivables, at its inception. We have limited loans receivable and we invest in debt securities, which are subject to the new standard. Financial instruments, including receivables, related to operating leases are excluded from the new standard as they are subject to the lease accounting standard. This credit loss standard is required to be applied using a modified-retrospective approach and requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings be recorded as of the date of adoption. The new standard is effective for us on January 1, 2020. We are currently in the process of completing our analysis of the impact of the standard and do not expect it to have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

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Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Share/Unit

Note 6 — Earnings and Dividends per Share and Unit

Aimco and the Aimco Operating Partnership calculate basic earnings per common share and basic earnings per common unit based on the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock and common partnership units outstanding and excludes participating securities. Diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit are calculated taking into consideration dilutive common stock and common partnership unit equivalents and dilutive convertible securities outstanding during the period.

Our common stock and common partnership unit equivalents include options to purchase shares of Common Stock, which, if exercised, would result in Aimco’s issuance of additional shares and the Aimco Operating Partnership’s issuance to Aimco of additional common partnership units equal to the number of shares purchased under the options. These equivalents also include unvested total stockholder return, or TSR, restricted stock awards that do not meet the definition of participating securities, which would result in an increase in the number of shares of Common Stock and common partnership units outstanding equal to the number of shares that vest. Common partnership unit equivalents also include unvested long-term incentive partnership units. Securities with dilutive effect are included in the denominator for calculating diluted earnings per share and per unit during these periods.

Our time-based restricted stock awards receive non-forfeitable dividends similar to shares of Common Stock and common partnership units prior to vesting. These dividends and distributions are not forfeited if the awards fail to vest. Therefore, the unvested shares and units related to these awards are participating securities. The effect of our time-based restricted stock awards is included in basic and diluted earnings per share and unit computations using the two-class method of allocating distributed and undistributed earnings when the two-class method is more dilutive than the treasury method.

The effect of dilutive securities included in the calculation of earnings per share, and securities not dilutive and excluded from the calculation of earnings per share, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018
Dilutive share equivalents outstanding	202	222	218	158
Dilutive partnership unit equivalents outstanding	261	240	327	165
Non-dilutive share equivalents outstanding	—	184	—	184
Non-dilutive partnership unit equivalents outstanding	—	421	—	421
Unvested restricted participating shares and partnership units	189	250	189	250

The Aimco Operating Partnership has various classes of preferred OP Units, which may be redeemed at the holder’s option. The Aimco Operating Partnership may redeem these units for cash, or at its option, shares of Common Stock. As of September 30, 2019, these preferred OP Units were potentially redeemable for approximately 1.9 million shares of Common Stock (based on the period end market price), or cash. The Aimco Operating Partnership has a redemption policy that requires cash settlement of redemption requests for the preferred OP Units, subject to limited exceptions. Accordingly, we have excluded these securities from earnings per share and unit computations and we expect to exclude them in future periods.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we paid $0.39 and $2.80, respectively, in dividends and distributions per share and per unit. Of the $2.80 paid in dividends and distributions in 2019, $2.02 was paid in March and represents the per share and unit value of the special dividend and special distribution. The special dividend consisted of $67.1 million in cash, 4.5 million shares of Common Stock and $0.4 million of cash paid in lieu of issuing fractional shares. The special distribution consisted of $72.7 million in cash, 4.8 million common partnership units and $0.4 million of cash paid in lieu of issuing fractional units. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we paid $0.38 and $1.14, respectively, in dividends and distributions per share and per unit.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2017 Party	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Number of potentially-responsible parties | Party	4
Commitments related to development, redevelopment and capital improvement activities [Member]
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Commitments related to capital spending activities | $		$ 308.9
Time Period of Long-term Purchase Commitment		12 months
Commitments related to operations [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Time Period of Long-term Purchase Commitment		1 year

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Leases - Lease Income for Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Fixed lease income	$ 213,945	$ 639,359
Variable lease income	15,005	42,814
Total lease income	$ 228,950	$ 682,173

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
REVENUES
Total revenues	$ 229,827	$ 242,481	$ 684,262	$ 740,388
OPERATING EXPENSES
Depreciation and amortization	97,538	96,406	283,027	286,439
General and administrative expenses	11,821	12,479	34,314	37,196
Other expenses, net	4,411	5,780	14,323	13,624
Total operating expenses	191,200	195,527	564,117	590,696
Interest income	2,824	2,712	8,615	7,768
Interest expense	(42,011)	(45,492)	(122,961)	(143,193)
Gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business	1,146	626,232	356,929	679,738
Other, net	288	(283)	591	141
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	874	630,123	363,319	694,146
Income tax benefit (expense)	3,096	(26,206)	1,942	12,617
Net income	3,970	603,917	365,261	706,763
Noncontrolling interests:
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships	58	(1,794)	(103)	(8,045)
Net income attributable to preferred noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership	(1,933)	(1,934)	(5,800)	(5,805)
Net income attributable to common noncontrolling interests in Aimco Operating Partnership	(116)	(30,198)	(18,787)	(34,093)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1,991)	(33,926)	(24,690)	(47,943)
Net income attributable to the company	1,979	569,991	340,571	658,820
Net income attributable to the company's preferred equity holders		(2,148)	(7,335)	(6,445)
Net loss (income) attributable to participating securities	24	(814)	(431)	(1,004)
Net income attributable to the company's common equity holders	$ 2,003	$ 567,029	$ 332,805	$ 651,371
Net income attributable to Aimco per common share – basic	$ 0.01	$ 3.73	$ 2.26	$ 4.29
Net income attributable to Aimco per common share – diluted	$ 0.01	$ 3.73	$ 2.26	$ 4.28
Weighted average common shares/units outstanding - basic	148,434	151,971	147,474	151,928
Weighted average common shares/units outstanding - diluted	148,636	152,193	147,692	152,086
AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
REVENUES
Total revenues	$ 229,827	$ 242,481	$ 684,262	$ 740,388
OPERATING EXPENSES
Depreciation and amortization	97,538	96,406	283,027	286,439
General and administrative expenses	11,821	12,479	34,314	37,196
Other expenses, net	4,411	5,780	14,323	13,624
Total operating expenses	191,200	195,527	564,117	590,696
Interest income	2,824	2,712	8,615	7,768
Interest expense	(42,011)	(45,492)	(122,961)	(143,193)
Gain on dispositions of real estate and the Asset Management business	1,146	626,232	356,929	679,738
Other, net	288	(283)	591	141
Income before income tax benefit (expense)	874	630,123	363,319	694,146
Income tax benefit (expense)	3,096	(26,206)	1,942	12,617
Net income	3,970	603,917	365,261	706,763
Noncontrolling interests:
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships	58	(1,794)	(103)	(8,045)
Net income attributable to the company	4,028	602,123	365,158	698,718
Net income attributable to the company's preferred equity holders	(1,933)	(4,082)	(13,135)	(12,250)
Net loss (income) attributable to participating securities	43	(941)	(429)	(1,145)
Net income attributable to the company's common equity holders	$ 2,138	$ 597,100	$ 351,594	$ 685,323
Net income attributable to Aimco per common share – basic	$ 0.01	$ 3.73	$ 2.26	$ 4.29
Net income attributable to Aimco per common share – diluted	$ 0.01	$ 3.72	$ 2.26	$ 4.29
Weighted average common shares/units outstanding - basic	156,618	160,088	155,644	159,622
Weighted average common shares/units outstanding - diluted	156,879	160,328	155,971	159,787
Real Estate [Member]
REVENUES
Total revenues	$ 229,827	$ 234,048	$ 684,262	$ 690,571
OPERATING EXPENSES
Property operating expenses	77,430	78,254	232,453	232,572
Real Estate [Member] | AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
REVENUES
Total revenues	229,827	234,048	684,262	690,571
OPERATING EXPENSES
Property operating expenses	77,430	78,254	232,453	232,572
Asset Management Business [Member]
REVENUES
Total revenues	0	8,433	0	49,817
OPERATING EXPENSES
Property operating expenses	0	2,608	0	20,865
Asset Management Business [Member] | AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]
REVENUES
Total revenues	0	8,433	0	49,817
OPERATING EXPENSES
Property operating expenses	$ 0	$ 2,608	$ 0	$ 20,865

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Partners' Capital - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	AIMCO Properties, LP [Member]	AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] Preferred Units [Member]	AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] General Partner and Special Limited Partner [Member]	AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] Limited Partner [Member]	AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] Partners Capital Attributable To The Partnership [Member]	AIMCO Properties, LP [Member] Noncontrolling Interests In Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships
Balances at Dec. 31, 2017		$ 1,655,753	$ 125,000	$ 1,538,144	$ (5,675)	$ 1,657,469	$ (1,716)
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Issuance of Aimco Operating Partnership units	$ 50,151	50,151			50,151	50,151
Redemption of partnership units held by non-Aimco partners		(8,458)			(8,458)	(8,458)
Amortization of share-based compensation		7,521		6,285	1,236	7,521
Effect of changes in ownership of partnership units		(10,101)		(18,137)	8,036	(10,101)
Other, net		119		119		119
Net income		700,958		658,820	34,093	692,913	8,045
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income	1,319	1,319		1,247	72	1,319
Distributions paid to common unitholders		(188,753)		(179,351)	(9,402)	(188,753)
Distributions paid to preferred unitholders		(6,445)		(6,445)		(6,445)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		(7,934)					(7,934)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2018		2,194,130	125,000	2,000,682	70,053	2,195,735	(1,605)
Balances at Jun. 30, 2018		1,654,785	125,000	1,489,941	42,828	1,657,769	(2,984)
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Redemption of partnership units held by non-Aimco partners		(847)			(847)	(847)
Amortization of share-based compensation		2,260		1,804	456	2,260
Effect of changes in ownership of partnership units				(753)	753
Other, net		(2)		(2)		(2)
Net income		601,983		569,991	30,198	600,189	1,794
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income	1,736	1,736		1,642	94	1,736
Distributions paid to common unitholders		(63,222)		(59,793)	(3,429)	(63,222)
Distributions paid to preferred unitholders		(2,148)		(2,148)		(2,148)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		(415)					(415)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2018		2,194,130	125,000	2,000,682	70,053	2,195,735	(1,605)
Balances at Dec. 31, 2018		1,763,641	125,000	1,574,419	67,189	1,766,608	(2,967)
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Repurchases of common partnership units held by Aimco		(20,682)		(20,682)		(20,682)
Redemption of preferred units held by Aimco		(125,000)	$ (125,000)			(125,000)
Issuance of Aimco Operating Partnership units	3,034	3,034			3,034	3,034
Redemption of partnership units held by non-Aimco partners		(4,958)		6,244	(11,202)	(4,958)
Amortization of share-based compensation		7,182		4,795	2,387	7,182
Effect of changes in ownership of partnership units				(12,123)	8,766	(3,357)	3,357
Contribution from noncontrolling interest inconsolidated real estate partnerships	4,911	4,911					4,911
Purchase of noncontrolling interest in consolidated real estate partnerships		(3,780)					(3,780)
Other, net		(98)		(117)		(117)	19
Net income		359,461		340,571	18,787	359,358	103
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income	(325)	(325)		(306)	(19)	(325)
Distributions paid to common unitholders		(193,406)		(183,579)	(9,827)	(193,406)
Common partnership units issued to common unitholders in special distribution		(516)		(516)		(516)
Distributions paid to preferred unitholders		(3,247)		(3,247)		(3,247)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		(143)					(143)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2019		1,786,074		1,705,459	79,115	1,784,574	1,500
Balances at Jun. 30, 2019		1,842,866		1,763,218	82,366	1,845,584	(2,718)
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Redemption of partnership units held by non-Aimco partners		(826)		2,821	(3,647)	(826)
Amortization of share-based compensation		1,958		1,163	795	1,958
Effect of changes in ownership of partnership units				(5,104)	2,789	(2,315)	2,315
Contribution from noncontrolling interest inconsolidated real estate partnerships	4,911	4,911					4,911
Purchase of noncontrolling interest in consolidated real estate partnerships		(2,863)					(2,863)
Other, net		(175)		(175)		(175)
Net income		2,037		1,979	116	2,095	(58)
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income	$ (402)	(402)		(378)	(24)	(402)
Distributions paid to common unitholders		(61,345)		(58,065)	(3,280)	(61,345)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate partnerships		(87)					(87)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2019		$ 1,786,074		$ 1,705,459	$ 79,115	$ 1,784,574	$ 1,500