Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2014

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Note 5. Segment Information

Our reportable segments include management operations, property and casualty insurance operations, life insurance operations, and investment operations.  Accounting policies for segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.  See Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2014.  Assets are not allocated to the segments, but rather, are reviewed in total for purposes of decision-making.  No single customer or agent provides 10% or more of revenues.

Management operations

Our management operations segment consists of Indemnity serving as attorney-in-fact for the Exchange.  Indemnity operates in this capacity solely for the Exchange.  We evaluate profitability of our management operations segment principally on the gross margin from management operations.  Indemnity earns a management fee from the Exchange for providing sales, underwriting, and policy issuance services.  Management fee revenue, which is eliminated upon consolidation, is calculated as a percentage not to exceed 25% of all the direct premiums written by the Exchange and the other members of the Property and Casualty Group, which are assumed by the Exchange under an intercompany pooling arrangement.  The Property and Casualty Group issues policies with annual terms only.  Management fees are recorded upon policy issuance or renewal, as substantially all of the services required to be performed by Indemnity have been satisfied at that time.  Certain activities are performed and related costs are incurred by us subsequent to policy issuance in connection with the services provided to the Exchange; however, these activities are inconsequential and perfunctory.  Although these management fee revenues and expenses are eliminated upon consolidation, the amount of the fee directly impacts the allocation of our consolidated net income between the noncontrolling interest, which bears the management fee expense and represents the interests of the Exchange subscribers (policyholders), and Indemnity’s interest, which earns the management fee revenue and represents the Indemnity shareholder interest in net income.

Property and casualty insurance operations

Our property and casualty insurance operations segment includes personal and commercial lines.  Personal lines consist primarily of personal auto and homeowners and are marketed to individuals.  Commercial lines consist primarily of commercial multi-peril, commercial auto, and workers compensation and are marketed to small- and medium-sized businesses.  Our property and casualty policies are sold by independent agents.  Our property and casualty insurance underwriting operations are conducted through the Exchange and its subsidiaries and include assumed voluntary reinsurance from nonaffiliated domestic and foreign sources, assumed involuntary, and ceded reinsurance business.  The Exchange exited the assumed voluntary reinsurance business effective December 31, 2003, and therefore unaffiliated assumed voluntary reinsurance includes only run-off activity of the previously assumed voluntary reinsurance business.  We evaluate profitability of the property and casualty insurance operations principally based upon net underwriting results represented by the combined ratio.

Life insurance operations

Our life insurance operations segment includes traditional and universal life insurance products and fixed annuities marketed to individuals using the same independent agency force utilized by our property and casualty insurance operations.  We evaluate profitability of the life insurance segment principally based upon segment net income, including investments, which for segment purposes are reflected in the investment operations segment.  At the same time, we recognize that investment-related income is integral to the evaluation of the life insurance segment because of the long duration of life products.  For the first quarters of 2014 and 2013, investment activities on life insurance related assets generated revenues of $29 million and $26 million, respectively, resulting in EFL reporting income before income taxes of $13 million and $11 million, respectively, before intercompany eliminations.

Investment operations

The investment operations segment includes returns from our fixed maturity, equity security and limited partnership investment portfolios to support our underwriting business.  The Indemnity and Exchange portfolios are managed with the objective of maximizing after-tax returns on a risk-adjusted basis, while the EFL portfolio is managed to be closely aligned to its liabilities and to maintain a sufficient yield to meet profitability targets.  Management actively evaluates the portfolios for impairments. We record impairment writedowns on investments in instances where the fair value of the investment is substantially below cost, and we conclude that the decline in fair value is other-than-temporary.  Investment related income for the life operations is included in the investment segment results.

The following tables summarize the components of the Consolidated Statements of Operations by reportable business segment:

	Erie Insurance Group
(in millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2014
	Management operations		Property and casualty insurance operations			Life insurance operations			Investment operations		Eliminations			Consolidated
Premiums earned/life policy revenue			$	1,268		$	20				$	0		$	1,288
Net investment income									$	112	(3		)	109
Net realized investment gains									56					56
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings									0					0
Equity in earnings of limited partnerships									50					50
Management fee revenue	$	319									(319		)	—
Service agreement and other revenue	7					1								8
Total revenues	326		1,268			21			218		(322		)	1,511
Cost of management operations	268										(268		)	—
Insurance losses and loss expenses			1,007			28					(1		)	1,034
Policy acquisition and underwriting expenses			365			9					(53		)	321
Total benefits and expenses	268		1,372			37			—		(322		)	1,355
Income (loss) before income taxes	58		(104		)	(16		)	218		—			156
Provision for income taxes	20		(36		)	(6		)	69		—			47
Net income (loss)	$	38	$	(68	)	$	(10	)	$	149	—			$	109

	Erie Insurance Group
(in millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2013
	Management operations		Property and casualty insurance operations		Life insurance operations			Investment operations		Eliminations			Consolidated
Premiums earned/life policy revenue			$	1,156	$	19				$	0		$	1,175
Net investment income								$	106	(3		)	103
Net realized investment gains								249					249
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings								0					0
Equity in earnings of limited partnerships								36					36
Management fee revenue	$	296								(296		)	—
Service agreement and other revenue	7				1								8
Total revenues	303		1,156		20			391		(299		)	1,571
Cost of management operations	254									(254		)	—
Insurance losses and loss expenses			817		26					(1		)	842
Policy acquisition and underwriting expenses			328		9					(44		)	293
Total benefits and expenses	254		1,145		35			—		(299		)	1,135
Income (loss) before income taxes	49		11		(15		)	391		—			436
Provision for income taxes	17		4		(5		)	130		—			146
Net income (loss)	$	32	$	7	$	(10	)	$	261	$	—		$	290