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Fair Value of Financial Instruments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Note 16.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
Under FASB ASC Topic 820 "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures" ("ASC Topic 820"), fair values are based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When available, management uses quoted market prices to determine fair value.  If quoted prices are not available, fair value is based upon valuation techniques such as matrix pricing or other models that use, where possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates. If observable market-based inputs are not available, the Company uses unobservable inputs to determine appropriate valuation adjustments using discounted cash flow methodologies.
 
Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company's financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique.  Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction on the dates indicated.  The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of their respective period end and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these financial statements subsequent to those respective dates.  As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each period-end.
 
ASC Topic 820 provides guidance for estimating fair value when the volume and level of activity for an asset or liability has significantly declined and for identifying circumstances when a transaction is not orderly.  ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods used to measure fair value.  The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).  The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC Topic 820 are as follows:
 
 
 
Level 1:
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
 
 
Level 2:
Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.  Level 2 includes debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently then exchange-traded instruments. Valuation techniques include matrix pricing which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted prices.
 
 
Level 3:
Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported with little or no market activity).
 
A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.  The Company did not have transfers of financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy during the quarters ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.
 
Items Measured on a Recurring Basis
 
The Company's available for sale investment securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.
 
Fair value for Level 1 securities are determined by obtaining quoted market prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges.  Level 1 securities include common stocks and one trust preferred security which is actively traded.
 
Level 2 securities include obligations of U.S. government-sponsored agencies, debt securities with quoted prices, which are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments, whose value is determined using matrix pricing with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.  The prices were obtained from third party vendors. This category generally includes mortgage-backed securities and CMOs issued by U.S. government and government-sponsored agencies, non-agency CMOs, and corporate and municipal bonds.
 
Level 3 securities include five trust preferred securities and other securities, which are primarily private equity real estate funds.  The fair values for the trust preferred securities were derived by using contractual cash flows and a market rate of return for each of these securities.  Factors that affected the market rate of return included (1) any uncertainty about the amount and timing of the cash flows, (2) the credit risk, (3) liquidity of the instrument, and (4) observable yields from trading data and bid/ask indications.  Credit risk spreads and liquidity premiums were analyzed to derive the appropriate discount rate.  The fair value of the private equity funds is derived from the financial reports provided to the Company by the general partners of the funds.
 
For financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 are as follows:
 
   
Fair Value Measurements Using:
    
   
Quoted Prices
          
   
in Active
  
Significant
       
   
Markets for
  
Other
  
Significant
    
   
Identical
  
Observable
  
Unobservable
    
Balances as of March 31, 2012
 
Assets
  
Inputs
  
Inputs
  
 
 
(In thousands)
 
Level 1
  
Level 2
  
Level 3
  
Fair Value
 
Investment securities available-for-sale
            
Mortgage-backed  securities-residential
 $-  $29,452  $-  $29,452 
U.S. government agencies
  -   29,859   -   29,859 
Common stocks
  47   -   -   47 
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
                
Issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
  -   244,292   -   244,292 
Non-agency
  -   1,042   -   1,042 
Corporate bonds
  -   7,025   -   7,025 
Municipal bonds
  -   957   -   957 
Trust preferred securities
  3,300   -   12,578   15,878 
Other securities
  -   -   7,253   7,253 
Total investment securities available-for-sale
 $3,347  $312,627  $19,831  $335,805 
 
   
Fair Value Measurements Using:
    
   
Quoted Prices
          
   
in Active
  
Significant
       
   
Markets for
  
Other
  
Significant
    
   
Identical
  
Observable
  
Unobservable
    
Balances as of December 31, 2011
 
Assets
  
Inputs
  
Inputs
  
 
 
(In thousands)
 
Level 1
  
Level 2
  
Level 3
  
Fair Value
 
Investment securities available-for-sale
            
Mortgage-backed  securities-residential
 $-  $17,005  $-  $17,005 
U.S. government agencies
  -   36,084   -   36,084 
Common stocks
  248   -   -   248 
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
                
Issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
  -   234,034   -   234,034 
Non-agency
  -   4,832   -   4,832 
Corporate bonds
  -   12,975   -   12,975 
Municipal bonds
  -   965   -   965 
Trust preferred securities
  3,342   -   12,603   15,945 
Other securities
  -   -   6,918   6,918 
Total investment securities available-for-sale
 $3,590  $305,895  $19,521  $329,006 
 
The following table presents additional information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2012:
 
   
Investment Securities Available for Sale
 
(In thousands)
 
Trust
preferred
securities
  
Other
securities
  
Total
 
Beginning balance January 1, 2012
 $12,603  $6,918  $19,521 
Total gains/(losses) - (realized/unrealized):
            
Included in earnings
  -   32   32 
Included in other comprehensive income
  (18)  102   84 
Purchases
  -   334   334 
Sales and calls
  -   (133)  (133)
Amortization of premium
  (7)  -   (7)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3
  -   -   - 
Ending balance March 31, 2012
 $12,578  $7,253  $19,831 
 
The following table presents additional information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2011:
 
(In thousands)
 
2011
 
Beginning balance January 1,
 $23,425 
Total gains/(losses) - (realized/unrealized):
    
Included in earnings
  9 
Included in other comprehensive income
  641 
Purchases, issuances, and settlements
  (594)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3
  - 
Ending balance March 31,
 $23,481 
 
Items Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis
 
Non-accrual loans are evaluated for impairment on an individual basis under FASB ASC Topic 310 "Receivables".  The impairment analysis includes current collateral values, known relevant factors that may affect loan collectability, and risks inherent in different kinds of lending.  When the collateral value or discounted cash flows less costs to sell is less than the carrying value of the loan a specific reserve (valuation allowance) is established. Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Other real estate owned ("OREO") is carried at the lower of cost or fair value.  Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management's estimation of the value of the collateral.  These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.
 
For financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 are as follows:
 
   
Fair Value Measurements Using:
    
   
Quoted Prices
          
   
in Active
  
Significant
       
   
Markets for
  
Other
  
Significant
    
   
Identical
  
Observable
  
Unobservable
    
Balances as of March 31, 2012
 
Assets
  
Inputs
  
Inputs
  
 
 
(In thousands)
 
Level 1
  
Level 2
  
Level 3
  
Fair Value
 
Assets
            
Impaired loans and leases
 $-  $-  $2,464  $2,464 
Other real estate owned
  -   -   5,411   5,411 
 
   
Fair Value Measurements Using:
    
   
Quoted Prices
          
   
in Active
  
Significant
       
   
Markets for
  
Other
  
Significant
    
   
Identical
  
Observable
  
Unobservable
    
Balances as of December 31, 2011
 
Assets
  
Inputs
  
Inputs
  
 
 
(In thousands)
 
Level 1
  
Level 2
  
Level 3
  
Fair Value
 
Assets
            
Impaired loans and leases
 $-  $-  $8,583  $8,583 
Other real estate owned
  -   -   21,016   21,016 
Loans and leases held for sale
  -   -   3,830   3,830 

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:
 
   
Qualitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
 
Balances as of March 31, 2012
   
Valuation
 
Unobservable
 
Range (Weighted
 
(In thousands)
 
Fair Value
 
Techniques
 
Input
 
Average)
 
Impaired loans and leases
 $2,464 
Appraisal of
 
Appraisal
 
0.0% to -69.0
%
      
collateral (1)
 
adjustments
  (-41.5%)
         
 
    
         
Liquidation
 
-6.0% to -11.2
%
         
expenses
  (-8.8%)
               
      
Salvageable
     0.0%
      
value of
       
      
collateral (2)
       
               
Other real estate owned
  5,411 
Appraisal of
 
Appraisal
 
0.0% to -61.0
%
      
collateral (1) (3)
 
adjustments
  (-16.1%)
         
 
    
         
Liquidation
 
-4.8% to -10.1
%
         
expenses
  (-10.0%)
 
(1)
Appraisals may be adjusted for qualitative factors such as interior condition of the property and liquidation expenses.
 
(2)
Leases are measured using the salvageable value of the collateral.
 
(3)
Included in other real estate owned is one property in the amount of $4.7 million for which Management utilizes discounted cash flow with a capitalization rate of 7% to determine fair value.
 
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of the Company's financial instruments at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011. The tables below state the fair value of the Company's financial instruments at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.  The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Company's assets and liabilities.  Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company's disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.  The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial instruments that are measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis are discussed above.
 
Cash and cash equivalents (carried at cost):
 
The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and short-term instruments approximate those assets' fair values.
 
Securities:
 
Management uses quoted market prices to determine fair value of securities (level 1).  If quoted prices are not available, fair value is based upon valuation techniques such as matrix pricing or other models that use, where possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates (level 2). If observable market-based inputs are not available, the Company uses unobservable inputs to determine appropriate valuation adjustments using discounted cash flow methodologies (level 3).
 
Other Investment (carried at cost):
 
This investment includes the Solomon Hess SBA Loan Fund, which the Company invested in to partially satisfy its community reinvestment requirement.  Shares in this fund are not publicly traded and therefore have no readily determinable fair market value.  An investor can have their investment in the Fund redeemed for the balance of their capital account at any quarter end with 60 days notice to the Fund.  The investment in this Fund is recorded at cost.  The fair value is computed by applying the Company's ownership percentage of the fund to the fund's net asset value at year end.
 
Restricted investment in bank stock (carried at cost):
 
The carrying amount of restricted investment in bank stock approximates fair value, and considers the limited marketability of such securities.
 
Loans held for sale (carried at lower of cost or fair value):
 
The fair values of loans held for sale are based upon appraised values of the collateral less costs to sell, management's estimation of the value of the collateral or expected net sales proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.
 
Loans receivable (carried at cost):
 
The fair values of loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate-risk inherent in the loans.  Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments and prepayments of principal.   Generally, for variable rate loans that re-price frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values.
 
Impaired loans (generally carried at fair value):
 
Impaired loans are accounted for under ASC Topic 310. Impaired loans are those in which the Company has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan's collateral.  Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based on the expected proceeds.  These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.
 
Accrued interest receivable and payable (carried at cost):
 
The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximates its fair value.
 
Deposit liabilities (carried at cost):
 
The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and noninterest checking, passbook savings and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts).  Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered in the market on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.
 
Short-term borrowings (carried at cost):
 
The carrying amounts of short-term borrowings approximate their fair values.
 
Long-term debt (carried at cost):
 
Fair values of FHLB advances and other long-term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on quoted prices for new FHLB advances with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity.  These prices obtained from this active market represent a market value that is deemed to represent the transfer price if the liability were assumed by a third party.
 
Subordinated debt (carried at cost):
 
Fair values of junior subordinated debt are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on market rates currently offered on such debt with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity.
 
Off-balance sheet financial instruments (disclosed at cost):
 
Fair values for the Company's off-balance sheet financial instruments (lending commitments and letters of credit) are based on fees currently charged in the market to enter into similar agreements, taking into account, the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties' credit standing.  They are not shown in the table because the amounts are immaterial.
 
         
Fair Value Measurements
 
         
At March 31, 2012
 
         
Quoted Prices
       
         
in Active
  
Significant
    
         
Markets for
  
Other
  
Significant
 
         
Identical
  
Observable
  
Unobservable
 
   
Carrying
  
Estimated
  
Assets
  
Inputs
  
Inputs
 
(In thousands)
 
amount
  
fair value
  
Level 1
  
Level 2
  
Level 3
 
Financial Assets:
               
Cash and cash  equivalents
 $24,163  $24,163  $24,163  $-  $- 
Investment securities available-for-sale
  335,805   335,805   3,347   312,627   19,831 
Other investment
  1,538   1,538   -   -   - 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
  8,050   8,050   -   -   - 
Loans held for sale
  8,736   8,736   -   -   8,736 
Loans, net
  383,686   383,111   -   -   383,111 
Accrued interest receivable
  13,178   13,178   13,178   -   - 
Financial Liabilities:
                    
Demand deposits
  53,352   53,352   53,352   -   - 
NOW and money markets
  225,700   225,700   225,700   -   - 
Savings
  17,091   17,091   17,091   -   - 
Time deposits
  280,023   275,785   -   275,785   - 
Short-term borrowings
  26,557   26,557   26,557   -   - 
Long-term borrowings
  108,670   103,625   -   103,625   - 
Subordinated debt
  25,774   21,788   -   21,788   - 
Accrued interest payable
  4,268   4,268   4,268   -   - 
 
   
At December 31, 2011
 
   
Carrying
  
Estimated
 
(In thousands)
 
amount
  
fair value
 
Financial Assets:
      
Cash and cash  equivalents
 $24,506  $24,506 
Investment securities available-for-sale
  329,006   329,006 
Other investment
  1,538   1,538 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
  8,474   8,474 
Loans held for sale
  12,569   12,569 
Loans, net
  397,863   395,616 
Accrued interest receivable
  15,463   15,463 
Financial Liabilities:
        
Demand deposits
  54,534   54,534 
NOW and money markets
  226,002   226,002 
Savings
  16,263   16,263 
Time deposits
  279,117   274,546 
Short-term borrowings
  54,218   53,936 
Long-term borrowings
  93,782   88,394 
Subordinated debt
  25,774   18,673 
Accrued interest payable
  3,450   3,450 
 
Limitations
 
The fair value estimates are made at a discrete point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instruments.  Fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors.
 
These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision.  Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.  Further, the foregoing estimates may not reflect the actual amount that could be realized if all or substantially all of the financial instruments were offered for sale.  This is due to the fact that no market exists for a sizable portion of the loan, deposit and off balance sheet instruments.
 
In addition, the fair value estimates are based on existing on-and-off balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to value anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments.  Other significant assets that are not considered financial assets include premises and equipment.  In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of the estimates.
 
Finally, reasonable comparability between financial institutions may not be likely due to the wide range of permitted valuation techniques and numerous estimates which must be made given the absence of active secondary markets for many of the financial instruments.  This lack of uniform valuation methodologies introduces a greater degree of subjectivity to these estimated fair values.