XML 26 R15.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.3.1.900
Variable Interest Entities
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Variable Interest Entities
7. Variable Interest Entities

Under ASC 810, an entity that holds a variable interest in a VIE and meets certain requirements would be considered to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE and required to consolidate the VIE in its consolidated financial statements. In order to be considered the primary beneficiary of a VIE, an entity must hold a variable interest in the VIE and have both:

 

    the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE; and

 

    the right to receive benefits from, or the obligation to absorb losses of, the VIE that could be potentially significant to the VIE.

 

We hold variable interests in the PEAKS Trust as a result of:

 

    a subordinated note issued to us by the PEAKS Trust in exchange for the portion of each private education loan disbursed to us under the PEAKS Program that we transferred to the PEAKS Trust (“Subordinated Note”); and

 

    our guarantee of the payment of the principal and interest owed on the PEAKS Senior Debt, the administrative fees and expenses of the PEAKS Trust and a minimum required ratio of assets of the PEAKS Trust to outstanding PEAKS Senior Debt (“PEAKS Guarantee”).

We hold variable interests in the CUSO as a result of:

 

    a risk sharing agreement (the “CUSO RSA”) that we entered into with the CUSO in connection with the CUSO Program; and

 

    a revolving note owed to us by the CUSO (the “Revolving Note”).

Primary Beneficiary AnalysisThe PEAKS Trust and the CUSO are VIEs as defined under ASC 810. To determine whether we are the primary beneficiary of the PEAKS Trust or the CUSO, we:

 

    assessed the risks that the VIE was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders;

 

    identified the variable interests in the VIE;

 

    identified the other variable interest holders and their involvement in the activities of the VIE;

 

    identified the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance;

 

    determined whether we have the power to direct those activities; and

 

    determined whether we have the right to receive the benefits from, or the obligation to absorb the losses of, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

We determined that the activities of the PEAKS Trust and the CUSO that most significantly impact the economic performance of the PEAKS Trust and the CUSO involve the servicing (which includes the collection) of the PEAKS Trust Student Loans and the CUSO Student Loans. To make that determination, we analyzed various possible scenarios of student loan portfolio performance to evaluate the potential economic impact on the PEAKS Trust and the CUSO. In our analysis, we made what we believe are reasonable assumptions based on historical data for the following key variables:

 

    the composition of the credit profiles of the borrowers;

 

    the interest rates and fees charged on the loans;

 

    the default rates and the timing of defaults associated with similar types of loans; and

 

    the prepayment and the speed of repayment associated with similar types of loans.

Based on our analysis, we concluded that we became the primary beneficiary of the PEAKS Trust on February 28, 2013. This was the first date that we had the power to direct the activities of the PEAKS Trust that most significantly impact the economic performance of the PEAKS Trust, because we could have exercised our right to terminate the servicing agreement that governs the servicing activities of the PEAKS Trust Student Loans (the “PEAKS Servicing Agreement”), due to the failure of the entity that performs those servicing activities for the PEAKS Trust Student Loans on behalf of the PEAKS Trust to meet certain performance criteria specified in the PEAKS Servicing Agreement. We have not, however, exercised our right to terminate the PEAKS Servicing Agreement. As a result of our primary beneficiary conclusion, we consolidated the PEAKS Trust in our consolidated financial statements beginning on February 28, 2013 (the “PEAKS Consolidation”). Prior to February 28, 2013, the PEAKS Trust was not required to be consolidated in our consolidated financial statements, because we concluded that we were not the primary beneficiary of the PEAKS Trust prior to that time. The PEAKS Trust is discussed in more detail below.

Our consolidated financial statements for periods as of and after February 28, 2013 include the PEAKS Trust, because we were considered to have control over the PEAKS Trust under ASC 810, as a result of our substantive unilateral right to terminate the PEAKS Servicing Agreement. We do not, however, actively manage the operations of the PEAKS Trust, and the assets of the consolidated PEAKS Trust can only be used to satisfy the obligations of the PEAKS Trust. Our obligations under the PEAKS Guarantee remain in effect, until the PEAKS Senior Debt and the PEAKS Trust’s fees and expenses are paid in full. See Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies, for a further discussion of the PEAKS Guarantee.

        Based on our analysis, we concluded that we became the primary beneficiary of the CUSO on September 30, 2014. This was the first date that we determined we had the power to direct the activities of the CUSO that most significantly impact the economic performance of the CUSO, because the entity that performs the servicing activities on behalf of the CUSO (the “CUSO Program Servicer”) failed to meet certain performance criteria specified in the servicing agreement that governs the servicing activities of the CUSO Student Loans (the “CUSO Servicing Agreement”) on that date. The CUSO Servicing Agreement provides that in the event that the CUSO Program Servicer fails to meet certain performance criteria specified in the CUSO Servicing Agreement, and the CUSO Program Servicer does not affect a cure of that failure during a specified cure period, we would have the right to terminate the CUSO Servicing Agreement. We determined that it was not reasonably possible that the CUSO Program Servicer would be able to affect a cure during the specified cure period and, therefore, because the cure period was not substantive, we effectively had the right to terminate the CUSO Servicing Agreement as of the date that the CUSO Program Servicer failed to meet the performance criteria. We have not, however, exercised our right to terminate the CUSO Servicing Agreement.

As a result of our primary beneficiary conclusion, we consolidated the CUSO in our consolidated financial statements beginning on September 30, 2014. Prior to September 30, 2014, the CUSO was not required to be consolidated in our consolidated financial statements, because we concluded that we were not the primary beneficiary of the CUSO prior to that time. The CUSO is discussed in more detail below.

 

Our consolidated financial statements for periods as of and after September 30, 2014 include the CUSO, because we were considered to have control over the CUSO under ASC 810, as a result of our substantive right to terminate the CUSO Servicing Agreement after a cure period that was not substantive. We do not, however, actively manage the operations of the CUSO, and the assets of the consolidated CUSO can only be used to satisfy the obligations of the CUSO. Our obligations under the CUSO RSA remain in effect, until all CUSO Student Loans are paid in full. See Note 13—Commitments and Contingencies, for a further discussion of the CUSO RSA.

The PEAKS Trust and the CUSO are not included in our consolidated income tax returns. We do not recognize income tax expense or benefit for the financial results of the PEAKS Trust or CUSO in the provision for income taxes included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, even though the PEAKS Trust and the CUSO are included in our consolidated financial statements. In the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, the financial results of the PEAKS Trust and CUSO were not significant and, therefore, did not have a significant impact on our effective income tax rate. Our deferred income tax assets as of March 31, 2015 were lower as compared to December 31, 2014, in part due to the significant payments that we made under the PEAKS Guarantee and CUSO RSA in the three months ended March 31, 2015, which are generally deductible for income tax purposes when the payments are made.

PEAKS Private Student Loan Program. On January 20, 2010, we entered into agreements with unrelated third parties to establish the PEAKS Program, which was a private education loan program for our students. We entered into the PEAKS Program to offer our students another source of private education loans that they could use to help pay their education costs owed to us and to supplement the limited amount of private education loans available to our students under other private education loan programs, including the CUSO Program. Under the PEAKS Program, our students had access to a greater amount of private education loans, which resulted in a reduction in the amount of internal financing that we provided to our students in 2010 and 2011. No new private education loans were or will be originated under the PEAKS Program after July 2011, but immaterial amounts related to loans originated prior to that date were disbursed by the lender through March 2012.

Under the PEAKS Program, an unrelated lender originated private education loans to our eligible students and, subsequently, sold those loans to the PEAKS Trust. The PEAKS Trust issued the PEAKS Senior Debt to investors. The lender disbursed the proceeds of the private education loans to us for application to the students’ account balances with us that represented their unpaid education costs. We transferred a portion of the amount of each private education loan disbursed to us under the PEAKS Program to the PEAKS Trust in exchange for the Subordinated Note.

The Subordinated Note issued by the PEAKS Trust to us does not bear interest and matures in March 2026. Principal is due on the Subordinated Note following:

 

    the repayment of the PEAKS Senior Debt;

 

    the repayment of fees and expenses of the PEAKS Trust; and

 

    the reimbursement of the amounts of any payments made by us under the PEAKS Guarantee, other than Payments on Behalf of Borrowers (as defined below).

The carrying value of the Subordinated Note was eliminated from our consolidated balance sheet when we consolidated the PEAKS Trust in our consolidated financial statements beginning on February 28, 2013. In the three months ended December 31, 2012, we determined it was probable that we would not collect the carrying value of the Subordinated Note and, therefore, recorded an impairment charge for the total carrying value of the Subordinated Note.

The PEAKS Trust utilized the proceeds from the issuance of the PEAKS Senior Debt and the Subordinated Note to purchase the private education loans made by the lender to our students. The assets of the PEAKS Trust (which include, among other assets, the PEAKS Trust Student Loans) serve as collateral for, and are intended to be the principal source of, the repayment of the PEAKS Senior Debt and the Subordinated Note.

Under the PEAKS Guarantee, we guarantee payment of the principal and interest owed on the PEAKS Senior Debt, the administrative fees and expenses of the PEAKS Trust and a minimum required ratio of assets of the PEAKS Trust to outstanding PEAKS Senior Debt (the “Asset/Liability Ratio”). Our guarantee obligations under the PEAKS Program remain in effect until the PEAKS Senior Debt and the PEAKS Trust’s fees and expenses are paid in full. At such time, we will be entitled to repayment of the amounts that we paid under the PEAKS Guarantee (which do not include Payments on Behalf of Borrowers, as defined below), to the extent of available funds remaining in the PEAKS Trust. See Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies, for a further discussion of our obligations to make guarantee payments pursuant to the PEAKS Guarantee.

 

Assets and Liabilities of the PEAKS Trust. We concluded that we became the primary beneficiary of the PEAKS Trust on February 28, 2013 and, therefore, were required to consolidate the PEAKS Trust in our consolidated financial statements. The following table sets forth the carrying value of assets and liabilities of the PEAKS Trust that were included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the dates indicated:

 

     As of
March 31,
2015
     As of
December 31,
2014
     As of
March 31,
2014
 

Assets

        

Restricted cash

   $ 1,727       $ 1,556       $ 1,640   

Current portion of PEAKS Trust student loans

     6,475         7,169         7,713   

PEAKS Trust student loans, excluding current portion, less allowance for loan losses of $39,596, $42,353 and $29,349

     57,596         59,902         75,619   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 65,798       $ 68,627       $ 84,972   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities

        

Current portion of PEAKS Trust senior debt

   $ 26,533       $ 37,545       $ 130,692   

Other current liabilities

     175         199         449   

PEAKS Trust senior debt, excluding current portion

     45,127         48,166         63,693   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   $ 71,835       $ 85,910       $ 194,834   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The assets of the PEAKS Trust can only be used to satisfy the obligations of the PEAKS Trust. Payment of the administrative fees and expenses of the PEAKS Trust and the principal and interest owed on the PEAKS Senior Debt are guaranteed by us under the PEAKS Guarantee.

Revenue and Expenses of the PEAKS Trust. The following table sets forth the revenue and expenses of the PEAKS Trust, which were included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods indicated:

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015      2014  

Revenue

   $ 2,413         3,133   

Student services and administrative expenses

     541         1,416   

Provision for private education loan losses

     803         0   

Interest expense

     3,259         11,017   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Loss) before provision for income taxes

   $ (2,190    $ (9,300
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The revenue of the PEAKS Trust consists of interest income on the PEAKS Trust Student Loans, which is the accretion of the accretable yield on the PEAKS Trust Student Loans. The servicing, administrative and other fees incurred by the PEAKS Trust are included in Student services and administrative expenses in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The provision for private education loan losses represents the increase in the allowance for loan losses that occurred during the period. The allowance for loan losses related to the PEAKS Trust Student Loans represents the difference between the carrying value and the total present value of the expected principal and interest collections of each loan pool of the PEAKS Trust Student Loans, discounted by the loan pool’s effective interest rate as of the end of the reporting period. Interest expense of the PEAKS Trust represents interest expense on the PEAKS Senior Debt, which includes the contractual interest obligation and the accretion of the discount on the PEAKS Senior Debt.

Payments on Behalf of Borrowers. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2012 and continuing through January 2014, we made payments on behalf of certain student borrowers under the PEAKS Program to the PEAKS Trust to avoid defaults by those borrowers on their PEAKS Trust Student Loans (“Payments on Behalf of Borrowers”), which defaults would have triggered much larger contractually required payments by us under the PEAKS Guarantee. At the time we made Payments on Behalf of Borrowers, we believed that those payments were contractually permitted and a form of payment to the PEAKS Trust that would satisfy obligations that were contractually required. Since that time, however, we have determined that Payments on Behalf of Borrowers are not permitted or required to support the PEAKS Trust. If we had not made Payments on Behalf of Borrowers, we would have had to make contractually required payments under the PEAKS Guarantee in greater amounts. We made Payments on Behalf of Borrowers after assessing:

 

    the likelihood of us being contractually required to make payments under the PEAKS Guarantee in the near future;

 

    the effect on our liquidity that would result from making payments under the PEAKS Guarantee compared to making Payments on Behalf of Borrowers;

 

    the effect that Payments on Behalf of Borrowers may have on the funds available to the PEAKS Trust to repay the Subordinated Note to us following full payment of the PEAKS Trust’s other obligations; and

 

    the fact that we will not be able to recover Payments on Behalf of Borrowers from the PEAKS Trust or the student borrowers on whose behalf we made those payments.

Payments on Behalf of Borrowers assisted in:

 

    maintaining the Asset/Liability Ratio at the required level; and

 

    satisfying the following month’s required payment of interest on the PEAKS Senior Debt and administrative fees and expenses of the PEAKS Trust.

Prior to the PEAKS Consolidation, Payments on Behalf of Borrowers were reflected on our financial statements as a reduction to our contingent liability. Following the PEAKS Consolidation, Payments on Behalf of Borrowers were not reflected on our financial statements, since those payments were intercompany transactions that were eliminated from our financial statements as a result of the PEAKS Consolidation.

In January 2014, we made Payments on Behalf of Borrowers of $1,832. We entered into a letter agreement, dated as of March 17, 2014, with the trustee under the PEAKS Program and the holders of the PEAKS Senior Debt (the “PEAKS Letter Agreement”), in order to resolve differing interpretations of the permissibility of the Payments on Behalf of Borrowers under the PEAKS Program documents. Pursuant to the PEAKS Letter Agreement, the trustee agreed to waive, and the holders of the PEAKS Senior Debt consented to the waiver of, any:

 

    breach of the PEAKS Program documents caused by us making Payments on Behalf of Borrowers, including any failure to make payments under the PEAKS Guarantee as a result thereof; and

 

    event of default under the PEAKS Program documents that may have arisen or resulted by us making Payments on Behalf of Borrowers.

In the PEAKS Letter Agreement, we agreed that, after the date of the PEAKS Letter Agreement, we would not make any further payments of any kind on behalf of any borrower in respect of a private education loan made under the PEAKS Program, and that any such payments in lieu of making payments to maintain the applicable required Asset/Liability Ratio would constitute a breach of the terms of the PEAKS Guarantee and an event of default under the indenture and credit agreement for the PEAKS Program. In accordance with the terms of the PEAKS Letter Agreement, we paid $40,000 on March 20, 2014, which is considered to be a payment under the PEAKS Guarantee and was applied primarily to make a mandatory prepayment of the PEAKS Senior Debt.

PEAKS Guarantee Payments and Payments on Behalf of Borrowers. The following table sets forth the PEAKS Guarantee payments and Payments on Behalf of Borrowers that were made in the periods indicated:

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015      2014  

PEAKS Guarantee

   $ 13,637       $ 40,713   

Payments on Behalf of Borrowers

     0         1,832   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 13,637       $ 42,545   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

CUSO Program. On February 20, 2009, we entered into agreements with the CUSO to create the CUSO Program. Under the CUSO Program, an unrelated lender originated private education loans to our eligible students and, subsequently, sold those loans to the CUSO. The CUSO purchased the private education loans from the lender utilizing funds received from its owners in exchange for participation interests in the private education loans acquired by the CUSO. The lender disbursed the proceeds of the private education loans to us for application to the students’ account balances with us that represented their unpaid education costs. No new private education loans were or will be originated under the CUSO Program after December 31, 2011, but immaterial amounts related to loans originated prior to that date were disbursed by the lender through June 2012.

In connection with the CUSO Program, we entered into the CUSO RSA with the CUSO. Under the CUSO RSA, we guarantee the repayment of any private education loans that are charged off above a certain percentage of the private education loans made under the CUSO Program, based on the annual dollar volume. Under the CUSO RSA, we have an obligation to make the monthly payments due and unpaid on those private education loans that have been charged off above a certain percentage (“Regular Payments”). Instead of making Regular Payments, however, we may elect to discharge our obligations to make Regular Payments on specified charged-off private education loans by:

 

    paying the then outstanding balance (plus accrued and unpaid interest) of those private education loans that have been charged off above a certain percentage and, with respect to which, an amount equal to at least ten monthly payments has been paid; or

 

    paying the then outstanding balance (plus accrued and unpaid interest) of those private education loans that have been charged off above a certain percentage and, with respect to which, an amount equal to at least ten monthly payments has not been paid, plus any interest that would otherwise have been payable until ten monthly payments had been made, discounted at the rate of 10% per annum

(collectively, “Discharge Payments”).

See Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies, for a further discussion of our obligations to make guarantee payments pursuant to the CUSO RSA.

 

Assets and Liabilities of the CUSO. We concluded that we became the primary beneficiary of the CUSO on September 30, 2014 and, therefore, were required to consolidate the CUSO in our consolidated financial statements (the “CUSO Consolidation”). In accordance with ASC 810, the consolidation of the CUSO was treated as an acquisition of assets and liabilities and, therefore, the assets and liabilities of the CUSO were included in our consolidated financial statements at their fair value as of September 30, 2014.

The CUSO Participants purchased participation interests in the CUSO Student Loans from the CUSO. The terms of the agreements between the CUSO Participants and the CUSO did not meet the requirements under ACC 860, “Transfers and Servicing,” to be considered a sale. As a result, the CUSO was required to record the CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation on its balance sheet for the cash received from the CUSO Participants.

We recorded the CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation at the time of the CUSO Consolidation. The CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation represents the estimated amount that the CUSO owes to the CUSO Participants related to their participation interests in the CUSO Student Loans, which amount is expected to be paid to the CUSO Participants by the CUSO from payments received by the CUSO related to the CUSO Student Loans, whether from the borrower or from us under the CUSO RSA.

In accordance with ASC 810, we included the CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at its fair value as of September 30, 2014, the date of the CUSO Consolidation. The difference between the estimated fair value of the CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation and the amount expected to be paid by the CUSO to the CUSO Participants was recorded as an accrued discount on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at the date of the CUSO Consolidation. The accrued discount is being recognized in interest expense at a level rate of return over the expected life of the CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation.

The expected life of the CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation is an estimate of the period of time over which payments are expected to be made by the CUSO to the CUSO Participants related to their participation interests in the CUSO Student Loans. The period of time over which payments are expected to be made by the CUSO to the CUSO Participants is based upon when the CUSO Student Loans enter a repayment status and the period of time they remain in a repayment status. Since all of the CUSO Student Loans have not entered repayment, and those loans that have entered a repayment status may be granted forbearances or deferments, the period of time over which payments are expected to be made to the CUSO Participants is an estimate. The assumptions used to estimate the expected life of the CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation are reviewed periodically and updated accordingly, which may result in an adjustment to the expected life of the CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation and the related recognized interest expense.

The following table sets forth the fair value and the carrying value of the assets and liabilities of the CUSO as of September 30, 2014 that were included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet on that date:

 

     As of September 30, 2014  
     Assets      Liabilities  

Restricted cash

   $ 2,738      

Current portion of CUSO Student Loans

     3,406      

CUSO Student Loans, excluding current portion

     23,793      

Other assets

     199     

Current portion of CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation

      $ 20,662   

Other current liabilities

        624   

CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation, excluding current portion

        101,880   

Other liabilities

        1,940   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 30,136       $ 125,106   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The assets of the CUSO can only be used to satisfy the obligations of the CUSO.

The following table sets forth the carrying value of the assets and liabilities related to the CUSO Program as of September 30, 2014 that we eliminated from our consolidated balance sheet when we consolidated the CUSO in our consolidated financial statements, and the line items within which those assets and liabilities were included:

 

     As of September 30, 2014  
     Assets      Liabilities  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

   $ 3,260      

Other current liabilities

      $ 23,887   

Other liabilities

        90,974   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 3,260       $ 114,861   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Upon the CUSO Consolidation, we recorded the CUSO’s assets and liabilities at their fair value in our consolidated financial statements and we eliminated the carrying value of the assets and liabilities related to the CUSO Program that had been recorded in our consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2014. The fair value of the CUSO’s liabilities exceeded the fair value of the CUSO’s assets as of September 30, 2014 by $94,970. As of September 30, 2014, the carrying value of the liabilities related to the CUSO Program that had been recorded in our consolidated financial statements exceeded the carrying value of the assets related to the CUSO Program that had been recorded in our consolidated financial statements by $111,601. As a result, we recognized a total gain of $16,631 in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, which represented the difference between (i) the fair value of the net liabilities of the CUSO that we recorded upon the CUSO Consolidation, and (ii) the carrying value of the net liabilities related to the CUSO Program that had been recorded in our consolidated financial statements and were eliminated upon the CUSO Consolidation, in each case, as of September 30, 2014.

The following table sets forth the carrying values of assets and liabilities of the CUSO that were included on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the dates indicated:

 

     As of
March 31,
2015
     As of
December 31,
2014
 

Assets

     

Restricted cash

   $ 2,790       $ 2,517   

Current portion of CUSO Student Loans

     3,066         3,415   

CUSO Student Loans, excluding current portion, less allowance for loan losses of $2,480 and $2,039

     18,932         20,390   

Other assets

     202         284   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 24,990       $ 26,606   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities

     

Current portion of CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation

   $ 20,963       $ 20,813   

Other current liabilities

     182         179   

CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation, excluding current portion

     96,226         100,194   

Other liabilities

     1,776         1,073   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

   $ 119,147       $ 122,259   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The assets of the CUSO can only be used to satisfy the obligations of the CUSO.

Revenue and Expenses of the CUSO. The following table sets forth the revenue and expenses of the CUSO, excluding the gain on consolidation of the CUSO, which were included in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the period indicated:

 

     Three Months
Ended
March 31, 2015
 

Revenue

   $ 1,064   

Student services and administrative expenses

     396   

Provision for private education loan losses

     441   

Interest expense

     3,641   
  

 

 

 

(Loss) before provision for income taxes

   $ (3,414
  

 

 

 

The revenue of the CUSO consists of interest income on the CUSO Student Loans, which is the accretion of the accretable yield on the CUSO Student Loans, and an administrative fee paid by the CUSO Participants to the CUSO on a monthly basis. The servicing, administrative and other fees incurred by the CUSO are included in Student services and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Income. The provision for private education loan losses represents the increase in the allowance for loan losses that occurred during the period. The allowance for loan losses related to the CUSO Student Loans represents the difference between the carrying value and the total present value of the expected principal and interest collections of each loan pool of the CUSO Student Loans, discounted by the loan pool’s effective interest rate as of the end of the reporting period. Interest expense of the CUSO represents interest expense on the CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation, which includes the contractual interest obligation on the CUSO Student Loans and the accretion of the discount on the CUSO Secured Borrowing Obligation.

We did not recognize any revenue or expenses of the CUSO in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in the three months ended March 31, 2014, because the CUSO Consolidation was effective on September 30, 2014.

CUSO RSA – Payments, Recoveries and Offsets. Pursuant to the CUSO RSA, we are entitled to all amounts that the CUSO recovers from loans in a particular loan pool made under the CUSO Program that have been charged off, until all payments that we made under the CUSO RSA with respect to that loan pool have been repaid to us by the CUSO. We have the right to offset payment amounts that we owe under the CUSO RSA by the amount of recoveries from charged-off loans made under the CUSO Program that are owed, but have not been paid, to us. We exercised this offset right in the three months ended March 31, 2015. We did not exercise this offset right in the three months ended March 31, 2014.

The following table sets forth the payments that we made to the CUSO related to our guarantee obligations under the CUSO RSA in the periods indicated:

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2015     2014  

Regular Payments

   $ 2,280 (1)    $ 1,158   

Discharge Payments

     2,709        0   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   $ 4,989      $ 1,158   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) This amount is net of $290 of recoveries from charged-off loans owed to us that we offset against the amount we owed under the CUSO RSA.

The CUSO did not remit to us, and we did not offset payments under the CUSO RSA for, the following amounts of recoveries from charged-off loans that were owed to us:

 

    $0 in the three months ended March 31, 2015; and

 

    $219 in the three months ended March 31, 2014.

We recorded the amount of recoveries from charged-off loans that were owed to us, but not paid or offset, as of March 31, 2014 in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. We did not offset any amounts owed by us under the CUSO RSA against amounts owed to us by the CUSO under the Revolving Note, instead of making additional payments in those amounts, in the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.

See Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies, for a further discussion of the offsets and CUSO RSA.

We made advances to the CUSO under the Revolving Note in years prior to 2012. We made the advances so that the CUSO could use those funds primarily to provide additional funding to the CUSO to purchase additional private education loans made under the CUSO Program. The period of time during which we could make additional advances under the Revolving Note ended on January 1, 2014. Certain of the assets of the CUSO serve as collateral for the Revolving Note. The Revolving Note bears interest, is subject to customary terms and conditions and is currently due and payable in full. In 2013, we also offset $8,472 owed by us under the CUSO RSA against amounts owed to us by the CUSO under the Revolving Note, instead of making additional payments in that amount. The amount owed to us under the Revolving Note, excluding those offsets, was approximately $8,200 as of March 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and March 31, 2014. The Revolving Note was eliminated from our financial statements as a result of the CUSO Consolidation.