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Operating Segments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Operating Segments  
Operating Segments

NOTE 21. Operating Segments

BB&T's operations are divided into six reportable business segments: Community Banking, Residential Mortgage Banking, Dealer Financial Services, Specialized Lending, Insurance Services, and Financial Services. These operating segments have been identified based on BB&T's organizational structure. The segments require unique technology and marketing strategies and offer different products and services through a number of distinct branded lines of business (“LOBs”). While BB&T is managed as an integrated organization, individual executive managers are held accountable for the operations of these business segments.

BB&T measures and presents information for internal reporting purposes in a variety of different ways. The internal reporting system presently used by management in the planning and measuring of operating activities, as well as the system to which most managers are held accountable, is based on organizational structure. During the fourth quarter of 2011, BB&T made a limited number of changes to the segment definitions to align the business units with the organizational manager hierarchy. These changes have been made retrospective to all periods presented, and are discussed below. Additionally, the Treasury segment previously reported as one of the reportable business segments has been collapsed within the Other, Treasury & Corporate segment due to Treasury not being managed as a business segment but as a service support unit within the umbrella of general corporate services.

BB&T emphasizes revenue growth by focusing on client service, sales effectiveness and relationship management along with an organizational focus on referring clients between business units. The business objective is to provide BB&T's entire suite of products to our clients with the end goal of providing our clients the best financial experience in the marketplace. The segment results contained herein are presented based on internal management accounting policies that were designed to support these strategic objectives. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive authoritative body of guidance for management accounting equivalent to GAAP. The performance of the segments is not comparable with BB&T's consolidated results or with similar information presented by any other financial institution. Additionally, because of the interrelationships of the various segments, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities.

The management accounting process uses various estimates and allocation methodologies to measure the performance of the operating segments. To determine financial performance for each segment, BB&T allocates capital, funding charges and credits, an allocated provision for loan and lease losses, certain noninterest expenses and income tax provisions to each segment, as applicable. To promote revenue growth, certain revenues of Residential Mortgage Banking, Specialized Lending, Insurance Services, Financial Services and other segments are reflected in noninterest income in the individual segment results and also allocated to Community Banking and Financial Services. These allocated revenues are reflected in intersegment net referral fees and eliminated in Other, Treasury & Corporate. Additionally certain client groups of the Community Bank have also been identified as clients of other LOBs within the business segments. These client groups include the commercial clients being serviced within the Commercial Finance LOB that is part of the Specialized Lending segment and the identified wealth and private banking clients of the Wealth Division within the Financial Services segment. The net interest income and associated net funds transfer pricing associated with these customers' loans and deposits is accounted for in the Community Bank in the respective line categories of net interest income (expense) and net intersegment interest income (expense). For the Commercial Finance LOB and the Wealth Division, their net interest margin and net intersegment interest income has been combined in the net intersegment interest income (expense) line with an appropriate offsetting amount to the Other, Treasury, and Corporate line item to ensure consolidated totals reflect the corporation's total net interest margin for loans and deposits. Allocation methodologies are subject to periodic adjustment as the internal management accounting system is revised and business or product lines within the segments change. Also, because the development and application of these methodologies is a dynamic process, the financial results presented may be periodically revised. During the fourth quarter of 2011, management changed the methodology related to the Corporation's goodwill and identifiable intangibles along with the associated identifiable intangible amortization expense. The asset balances and respective expense have been allocated to the corresponding business segments. For segment reporting purposes, these amounts were previously reported within the Other, Treasury & Corporate segment.

BB&T utilizes a funds transfer pricing ("FTP") system to eliminate the effect of interest rate risk from the segments' net interest income because such risk is centrally managed within the Treasury function. The FTP system credits or charges the segments with the economic value or cost of the funds the segments create or use. The FTP system provides a funds credit for sources of funds and a funds charge for the use of funds by each segment. The net FTP credit or charge, which includes intercompany interest income and expense, is reflected as net intersegment income (expense) in the accompanying tables.

The allocated provision for loan and lease losses is also allocated to the relevant segments based on management's assessment of the segments' credit risks. During the first quarter of 2011, management refined the process related to assigning the allocated provision between the Company's operating segments. Unlike the provision for loan and lease losses recorded pursuant to GAAP, the allocated provision is designed to achieve a higher degree of correlation between the loan loss experience and the GAAP basis provision at the segment level, while at the same time providing management with a measure of operating performance that gives appropriate consideration to the risks inherent in each of the Company's operating segments. Any over or under allocated provision for loan and lease losses is reflected in Other, Treasury & Corporate to arrive at consolidated results.

BB&T allocates expenses to the reportable segments based on various methodologies, including volume and amount of loans and deposits and the number of full-time equivalent employees. A portion of corporate overhead expense is not allocated, but is retained in corporate accounts and reflected as Other, Treasury & Corporate in the accompanying tables. The majority of depreciation expense is recorded in support units and allocated to the segments as part of allocated corporate expense. Income taxes are allocated to the various segments based on taxable income and statutory rates applicable to the segment.

Community Banking

Community Banking serves individual and business clients by offering a variety of loan and deposit products and other financial services. Community Banking is primarily responsible for serving client relationships, and, therefore, is credited with certain revenue from the Residential Mortgage Banking, Financial Services, Insurance Services, Specialized Lending, and other segments, which is reflected in net referral fees. The expenses related to real estate assets including depreciation and amortization were moved to an allocated expense category contained in noninterest expenses.

Residential Mortgage Banking

Residential Mortgage Banking retains and services mortgage loans originated by Community Banking as well as those purchased from various correspondent originators. Mortgage loan products include fixed and adjustable rate government and conventional loans for the purpose of constructing, purchasing or refinancing residential properties. Substantially all of the properties are owner occupied. BB&T generally retains the servicing rights to all loans sold. Residential Mortgage Banking earns interest on loans held in the warehouse and portfolio, fee income from the origination and servicing of mortgage loans and recognizes gains or losses from the sale of mortgage loans.

Dealer Financial Services

Dealer Financial Services, a portion of which was previously the Sales Finance segment, originates loans to consumers on a prime and nonprime basis for the purchase of automobiles. Such loans are originated on an indirect basis through approved franchised and independent automobile dealers throughout the BB&T market area and nationally through Regional Acceptance Corporation. Regional Acceptance Corporation has previously been reported as a LOB within Specialized Lending and this change reflects organizational changes within the indirect auto lending sales channel and the renaming of these related services under Dealer Financial Services. This segment also originates loans for the purchase of boats and recreational vehicles originated through dealers in BB&T's market area. In addition, financing and servicing to dealers for their inventories is provided through a joint relationship between Dealer Financial Services and Community Banking.

Specialized Lending

BB&T's Specialized Lending consists of eight business units that provide specialty finance products to consumers and businesses. These business units are a combination of internal business units and operating subsidiaries of either the Corporation or the Bank. The internal business units include Commercial Finance that contains commercial finance and mortgage warehouse lending; and, Governmental Finance that is responsible for tax-exempt government finance. Operating subsidiaries include BB&T Equipment Finance which provides equipment leasing largely within BB&T's banking footprint; Sheffield Financial, a division of FSB Financial, a dealer-based financer of equipment for both small businesses and consumers; Lendmark Financial Services, a direct consumer finance lending company; Prime Rate Premium Finance Corporation which includes AFCO and CAFO, insurance premium finance business units that provide funding to businesses in the United States and Canada and to consumers in certain markets within BB&T's banking footprint; and Grandbridge Real Estate Capital, a full-service commercial mortgage banking lender providing loans on a national basis. The commercial finance, mortgage warehouse lending and tax-exempt government finance LOBs were previously reported within the Other segment and their move reflects their growth as individual LOBs over recent time periods and their organizational reporting structure. Bank clients as well as nonbank clients within and outside BB&T's primary geographic market area are served by these eight LOBs. The Community Banking segment receives credit for referrals to these business units with the corresponding charge retained as part of Other, Treasury & Corporate in the accompanying tables.

Insurance Services

BB&T's insurance agency / brokerage network is the 7th largest in the world. BB&T Insurance Services provides property and casualty, life and health insurance to businesses and individuals. It also provides small business and corporate products, such as workers compensation and professional liability, as well as surety coverage and title insurance. In addition, Insurance Services also underwrites a limited amount of property and casualty coverage. Community Banking and Financial Services receive credit for insurance commissions on referred accounts, with the corresponding charge retained in the corporate office, which is reflected as part of Other, Treasury & Corporate in the accompanying tables.

Financial Services

Financial Services provides personal trust administration, estate planning, investment counseling, wealth management, asset management, employee benefits services, corporate banking and corporate trust services to individuals, corporations, institutions, foundations and government entities. Financial Services also offers clients investment alternatives, including discount brokerage services, equities, fixed-rate and variable-rate annuities, mutual funds and governmental and municipal bonds through BB&T Investment Services, Inc., a subsidiary of Branch Bank. Financial Services includes Scott & Stringfellow, LLC, a full-service brokerage and investment banking firm headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. Scott & Stringfellow provides services in retail brokerage, equity and debt underwriting, investment advice, corporate finance and equity research and facilitates the origination, trading and distribution of fixed-income securities and equity products in both the public and private capital markets. Scott & Stringfellow also has a public finance department that provides investment banking services, financial advisory services and municipal bond financing to a variety of regional taxable and tax-exempt issuers. Scott & Stringfellow's investment banking and corporate and public finance areas conduct business as BB&T Capital Markets. This segment includes BB&T Capital Partners that is a group of BB&T-sponsored private equity and mezzanine investment funds that invests in privately owned middle-market operating companies to facilitate growth or ownership transition while leveraging the Community Banking network for referrals and other bank services. Financial Services also includes the Corporate Banking Division that originates and services large corporate relationships, syndicated lending relationships and client derivatives. Community Banking receives an interoffice credit for referral fees, with the corresponding charge reflected as part of Other, Treasury & Corporate in the accompanying tables. Also captured within the net intersegment interest income for Financial Services is the net interest margin for the loans and deposits assigned to the Wealth Management Division that are housed in the Community Bank.

Other, Treasury & Corporate

Other, Treasury & Corporate is the combination of the Other segment that represents operating entities that do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for disclosure; BB&T's Treasury function that is responsible for the management of the securities portfolios, overall balance sheet funding and liquidity, and overall management of interest rate risk; and, the corporate support functions that have not been allocated to the business segments, merger-related charges or credits that are incurred as part of acquisition and conversion of acquired entities, nonrecurring charges that are considered to be unusual in nature or infrequent and not reflective of the normal operations of the segments, and intercompany eliminations including intersegment net referral fees and net intersegment interest income (expense).

The substantial majority of the loan portfolio acquired in the Colonial acquisition is covered by loss sharing agreements with the FDIC, and is managed outside of the Community Banking segment. The assets and related interest income from this loan portfolio have an expected finite business life and are therefore included in the Other, Treasury & Corporate segment.

The following table discloses selected financial information with respect to BB&T's reportable business segments for the years indicated:

BB&T Corporation
Reportable Segments
Years Ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009
                                       
                  
    Community Banking Residential Mortgage Banking Dealer Financial Services Specialized Lending
    2011 2010 2009 2011 2010 2009 2011 2010 2009 2011 2010 2009
                                       
     (Dollars in millions)
Net interest income (expense) $ 1,933 $ 1,771 $ 1,654 $ 1,024 $ 981 $ 1,065 $ 852 $ 858 $ 829 $ 635 $ 591 $ 527
Net intersegment interest income (expense)   1,637   2,033   1,916   (737)   (721)   (722)   (277)   (344)   (376)   (184)   (184)   (224)
Net interest income (expense) and intersegment  3,570   3,804   3,570   287   260   343   575   514   453   451   407   303
                                    
Allocated provision for loan and lease losses   608   1,801   1,855   326   553   333   125   93   274   68   110   158
Noninterest income   1,019   1,200   1,226   348   457   607   8   4   3   210   176   147
Intersegment net referral fees (expense)   134   146   186                  
Noninterest expense   2,370   2,401   1,918   306   264   257   105   105   107   265   245   225
Amortization of intangibles  47   66   52         1   1   1   5   6   6
Allocated corporate expenses   866   771   678   30   23   24   25   22   23   26   35   34
Income (loss) before income taxes   832   111   479   (27)   (123)   336   327   297   51   297   187   27
Provision (benefit) for income taxes  299   35   181   (10)   (46)   128   123   112   20   59   19   (36)
Segment net income (loss) $ 533 $ 76 $ 298 $ (17) $ (77) $ 208 $ 204 $ 185 $ 31 $ 238 $ 168 $ 63
                                       
Identifiable segment assets (period end)$ 60,948 $ 63,244 $ 66,303 $ 25,471 $ 22,183 $ 19,067 $ 9,874 $ 9,418 $ 8,638 $ 16,756 $ 14,945 $ 12,455
                                       
    Insurance Services Financial Services Other, Treasury and Corporate (1) Total BB&T Corporation
    2011 2010 2009 2011 2010 2009 2011 2010 2009 2011 2010 2009
                                       
    (Dollars in millions)
Net interest income (expense) $ 2 $ 3 $ 5 $ 111 $ 99 $ 54 $ 950 $ 1,017 $ 710 $ 5,507 $ 5,320 $ 4,844
Net intersegment interest income (expense)   6   6     259   215   235   (704)   (1,005)   (829)      
Net interest income (expense) and intersegment  8   9   5   370   314   289   246   12   (119)   5,507   5,320   4,844
                                    
Allocated provision for loan and lease losses         3   45   33   60   36   158   1,190   2,638   2,811
Noninterest income   1,040   1,033   1,032   692   657   694   (204)   430   225   3,113   3,957   3,934
Intersegment net referral fees (expense)         19   16   37   (153)   (162)   (223)      
Noninterest expense   796   785   765   583   534   543   1,278   1,214   1,002   5,703   5,548   4,817
Amortization of intangibles  42   45   49   3   3   4   1   1   2   99   122   114
Allocated corporate expenses   61   57   51   31   32   32   (1,039)   (940)   (842)      
Income (loss) before income taxes   149   155   172   461   373   408   (411)   (31)   (437)   1,628   969   1,036
Provision (benefit) for income taxes  45   52   62   170   139   155   (390)   (196)   (351)   296   115   159
Segment net income (loss) $ 104 $ 103 $ 110 $ 291 $ 234 $ 253 $ (21) $ 165 $ (86) $ 1,332 $ 854 $ 877
                                       
Identifiable segment assets (period end)$ 2,352 $ 2,294 $ 2,312 $ 7,546 $ 6,053 $ 5,153 $ 51,632 $ 38,944 $ 51,836 $ 174,579 $ 157,081 $ 165,764
                                       
                                       
(1)Includes financial data from subsidiaries below the quantitative and qualitative thresholds requiring disclosure.