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Fair Value Disclosures

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

The following tables present fair value information for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:



March 31, 2019 (Dollars in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
AFS securities:
U.S. Treasury	$	1,878	$	—	$	1,878	$	—
GSE	233		—		233		—
Agency MBS	23,047		—		23,047		—
States and political subdivisions	626		—		626		—
Non-agency MBS	497		—		111		386
Other	34		—		34		—
Total AFS securities	26,315		—		25,929		386
LHFS	834		—		834		—
MSRs	1,036		—		—		1,036
Other assets:
Trading and equity securities	1,898		371		1,516		11
Derivative assets	338		1		327		10
Private equity investments	388		—		—		388
Total assets	$	30,809	$	372	$	28,606	$	1,831
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	180	$	—	$	177	$	3
Securities sold short	250		—		250		—
Total liabilities	$	430	$	—	$	427	$	3

December 31, 2018 (Dollars in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
AFS securities:
U.S. Treasury	$	3,441	$	—	$	3,441	$	—
GSE	200		—		200		—
Agency MBS	20,155		—		20,155		—
States and political subdivisions	701		—		701		—
Non-agency MBS	505		—		114		391
Other	36		—		36		—
Total AFS securities	25,038		—		24,647		391
LHFS	988		—		988		—
MSRs	1,108		—		—		1,108
Other assets:
Trading and equity securities	767		374		390		3
Derivative assets	246		—		234		12
Private equity investments	393		—		—		393
Total assets	$	28,540	$	374	$	26,259	$	1,907
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	247	$	1	$	246	$	—
Securities sold short	145		—		145		—
Total liabilities	$	392	$	1	$	391	$	—

Accounting standards define fair value as the exchange price that would be received on the measurement date to sell an asset or the price paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market available to the entity in an orderly transaction between market participants, with a three level valuation input hierarchy. The following discussion focuses on the valuation techniques and significant inputs for Level 2 and Level 3 assets and liabilities.

A third-party pricing service is generally utilized in determining the fair value of the securities portfolio. Management independently evaluates the fair values provided by the pricing service through comparisons to other external pricing sources, review of additional information provided by the pricing service and other third party sources for selected securities and back-testing to compare the price realized on any security sales to the daily pricing information received from the pricing service. Fair value measurements are derived from market-based pricing matrices that were developed using observable inputs that include benchmark yields, benchmark securities, reported trades, offers, bids, issuer spreads and broker quotes. As described by security type below, additional inputs may be used, or some inputs may not be applicable. In the event that market observable data was not available, which would generally occur due to the lack of an active market for a given security, the valuation of the security would be subjective and may involve substantial judgment by management.

U.S. Treasury securities: Treasury securities are valued using quoted prices in active over-the-counter markets.

GSE securities and agency MBS: GSE pass-through securities are valued using market-based pricing matrices that reference observable inputs including benchmark TBA security pricing and yield curves that were estimated based on U.S. Treasury yields and certain floating rate indices. The pricing matrices for these securities may also give consideration to pool-specific data supplied directly by the GSE. GSE CMOs are valued using market-based pricing matrices that are based on observable inputs including offers, bids, reported trades, dealer quotes and market research reports, the characteristics of a specific tranche, market convention prepayment speeds and benchmark yield curves as described above.

States and political subdivisions: These securities are valued using market-based pricing matrices that reference observable inputs including MSRB reported trades, issuer spreads, material event notices and benchmark yield curves.

Non-agency MBS: Pricing matrices for these securities are based on observable inputs including offers, bids, reported trades, dealer quotes and market research reports, the characteristics of a specific tranche, market convention prepayment speeds and benchmark yield curves as described above. Non-agency MBS also include investments in Re-REMIC trusts that primarily hold non-agency MBS, which are valued based on broker pricing models that use baseline securities yields and tranche-level yield adjustments to discount cash flows modeled using market convention prepayment speed and default assumptions.

Other securities: These securities consist primarily of corporate bonds. These securities are valued based on a review of quoted market prices for assets as well as through the various other inputs discussed previously.

LHFS: Certain mortgage loans are originated to be sold to investors, which are carried at fair value. The fair value is primarily based on quoted market prices for securities backed by similar types of loans. The changes in fair value of these assets are largely driven by changes in interest rates subsequent to loan funding and changes in the fair value of servicing associated with the mortgage LHFS.

MSRs: Residential MSRs are valued using an OAS valuation model to project cash flows over multiple interest rate scenarios, which are discounted at risk-adjusted rates. The model considers portfolio characteristics, contractually specified servicing fees, prepayment assumptions, delinquency rates, late charges, other ancillary revenue, costs to service and other economic factors. Fair value estimates and assumptions are compared to industry surveys, recent market activity, actual portfolio experience and, when available, other observable market data. Commercial MSRs are valued using a cash flow valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows. BB&T considers actual and expected loan prepayment rates, discount rates, servicing costs and other economic factors that are determined based on current market conditions.

Trading and equity securities: Trading and equity securities primarily consist of exchange traded equity securities, and debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury, GSEs, or states and political subdivisions. The valuation techniques for debt securities are more fully discussed above.

Derivative assets and liabilities: The fair values of derivatives are determined based on quoted market prices and internal pricing models that use market observable data. The fair values of interest rate lock commitments, which are related to mortgage loan commitments and are categorized as Level 3, are based on quoted market prices adjusted for commitments that are not expected to fund and include the value attributable to the net servicing fees.

Private equity investments: In many cases there are no observable market values for these investments and therefore management must estimate the fair value based on a comparison of the operating performance of the company to multiples in the marketplace for similar entities. This analysis requires significant judgment, and actual values in a sale could differ materially from those estimated.

Securities sold short: Securities sold short represent debt securities sold short that are entered into as a hedging strategy for the purposes of supporting institutional and retail client trading activities.

Activity for Level 3 assets and liabilities is summarized below:



Three Months Ended (Dollars in millions)	Trading and Equity Securities			Non-agency MBS			MSRs			Net Derivatives			Private Equity Investments
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	—		$	432		$	1,056		$	3		$	404
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings	—			(1		)	68			—			6
Included in unrealized net holding gains (losses) in OCI	—			23			—			—			—
Purchases	—			—			—			—			24
Issuances	—			—			37			(5		)	—
Sales	—			—			—			—			(24		)
Settlements	—			(13		)	(42		)	9			(10		)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	—		$	441		$	1,119		$	7		$	400
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	3		$	391		$	1,108		$	12		$	393
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings	—			2			(54		)	8			23
Included in unrealized net holding gains (losses) in OCI	—			1			—			—			—
Purchases	15			—			—			—			7
Issuances	—			—			22			17			—
Sales	(7		)	—			—			—			(33		)
Settlements	—			(8		)	(40		)	(30		)	(2		)
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	11		$	386		$	1,036		$	7		$	388
Change in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the period, attributable to assets and liabilities still held at March 31, 2019	$	—		$	2		$	(54	)	$	7		$	4
Primary income statement location of realized gains (losses) included in earnings	Interest income			Interest income			Mortgage banking income			Mortgage banking income			Other income

The non-agency MBS categorized as Level 3 represent ownership interests in various tranches of Re-REMIC trusts. These securities are valued at a discount, which is unobservable in the market, to the fair value of the underlying securities owned by the trusts. The Re-REMIC tranches do not have an active market and therefore are categorized as Level 3. At March 31, 2019, the fair value of Re-REMIC non-agency MBS represented a discount of 20.3% to the fair value of the underlying securities owned by the Re-REMIC trusts.

The majority of private equity investments are in SBIC qualified funds, which primarily focus on equity and subordinated debt investments in privately-held middle market companies. The majority of these VIE investments are not redeemable and distributions are received as the underlying assets of the funds liquidate. The timing of distributions, which are expected to occur on various dates on an approximately ratable basis through 2029, is uncertain and dependent on various events such as recapitalizations, refinance transactions and ownership changes among others. As of March 31, 2019, restrictions on the ability to sell the investments include, but are not limited to, consent of a majority member or general partner approval for transfer of ownership. These investments are spread over numerous privately-held middle market companies, and thus the sensitivity to a change in fair value for any single investment is limited. The significant unobservable inputs for these investments are EBITDA multiples that ranged from 5x to 14x, with a weighted average of 9x, at March 31, 2019.

The following table details the fair value and UPB of LHFS that were elected to be carried at fair value:



	March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018
(Dollars in millions)	Fair Value		UPB		Difference		Fair Value		UPB		Difference
LHFS at fair value	$	834	$	824	$	10	$	988	$	975	$	13

Excluding government guaranteed, LHFS that were nonperforming or 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest were not material at March 31, 2019.

The following table provides information about certain assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, which are primarily collateral dependent and may be subject to liquidity adjustments. The carrying values represent end of period values, which approximate the fair value measurements that occurred on the various measurement dates throughout the period. The valuation adjustments represent the amounts recorded during the period regardless of whether the asset is still held at period end. These assets are considered to be Level 3 assets (excludes PCI).



	2019					2018
As of / For The Three Months Ended March 31, (Dollars in millions)	Carrying Value		Valuation Adjustments			Carrying Value		Valuation Adjustments
Impaired loans	$	154	$	(18	)	$	185	$	(12	)
Foreclosed real estate	33		(63		)	40		(66		)

For financial instruments not recorded at fair value, estimates of fair value are based on relevant market data and information about the instrument. Values obtained relate to one trading unit without regard to any premium or discount that may result from concentrations of ownership, possible tax ramifications, estimated transaction costs that may result from bulk sales or the relationship between various instruments.

An active market does not exist for certain financial instruments. Fair value estimates for these instruments are based on current economic conditions, currency and interest rate risk characteristics, loss experience and other factors. Many of these estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and cannot be determined with precision. Therefore, the fair value estimates in many instances cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be realizable in a current sale of the instrument. In addition, changes in assumptions could significantly affect these fair value estimates. The following assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of these financial instruments.

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash: For these short-term instruments, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of fair values.

HTM securities: The fair values of HTM securities are based on a market approach using observable inputs such as benchmark yields and securities, TBA prices, reported trades, issuer spreads, current bids and offers, monthly payment information and collateral performance.

Loans receivable: The fair values for loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, applying interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms and credit quality, which are deemed to be indicative of orderly transactions in the current market. For commercial loans and leases, discount rates may be adjusted to address additional credit risk on lower risk grade instruments. For residential mortgage and other consumer loans, internal prepayment risk models are used to adjust contractual cash flows. Loans are aggregated into pools of similar terms and credit quality and discounted using a LIBOR based rate. The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair values.

Deposit liabilities: The fair values for demand deposits are equal to the amount payable on demand. Fair values for CDs are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies current interest rates to aggregate expected maturities. BB&T has developed long-term relationships with its deposit customers, commonly referred to as CDIs, that have not been considered in the determination of the deposit liabilities' fair value.

Short-term borrowings: The carrying amounts of short-term borrowings, excluding securities sold short, approximate their fair values.

Long-term debt: The fair values of long-term debt instruments are estimated based on quoted market prices for the instrument if available, or for similar instruments if not available, or by using discounted cash flow analyses, based on current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of instruments.

Contractual commitments: The fair values of commitments are estimated using the fees charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. The fair values of guarantees and letters of credit are estimated based on the counterparties' creditworthiness and average default rates for loan products with similar risks. These respective fair value measurements are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Retail lending and revolving credit commitments have an immaterial fair value as BB&T typically has the ability to cancel such commitments.

Financial assets and liabilities not recorded at fair value are summarized below:



		March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
(Dollars in millions)	Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Financial assets:
HTM securities	Level 2	$	20,095	$	19,886	$	20,552	$	20,047
Loans and leases HFI, net of ALLL	Level 3	147,496		146,077		147,455		145,591
Financial liabilities:
Time deposits	Level 2	14,978		15,026		16,577		16,617
Long-term debt	Level 2	24,729		24,977		23,709		23,723

The following is a summary of selected information pertaining to off-balance sheet financial instruments:



	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
(Dollars in millions)	Notional/Contract Amount		Fair Value		Notional/Contract Amount		Fair Value
Commitments to extend, originate or purchase credit	$	73,918	$	302	$	72,435	$	280
Residential mortgage loans sold with recourse	404		3		419		3
CRE mortgages serviced for others covered by recourse provisions	4,685		6		4,699		6
Letters of credit	2,267		17		2,389		18

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details