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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Notes To Financial Statements [Abstract] 
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

14. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

 

Risk Management Objectives

 

(PPL Energy Supply)

 

As described in Notes 1 and 8, in January 2011, PPL Energy Supply distributed its membership interest in PPL Global to PPL Energy Supply's parent, PPL Energy Funding. Therefore, effective January 2011, PPL Energy Supply is no longer subject to interest rate and foreign currency exchange risk associated with investments in U.K. affiliates.

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

PPL has a risk management policy approved by the Board of Directors to manage market risk and counterparty credit risk. The RMC, comprised of senior management and chaired by the Chief Risk Officer, oversees the risk management function. Key risk control activities designed to ensure compliance with the risk policy and detailed programs include, but are not limited to, credit review and approval, validation of transactions and market prices, verification of risk and transaction limits, VaR analyses, portfolio stress tests, gross margin at risk analyses, sensitivity analyses and daily portfolio reporting, including open positions, determinations of fair value and other risk management metrics. PPL completed its acquisitions of LKE in November 2010 and WPD Midlands in April 2011. During the second quarter of 2011, the RMC formally approved the inclusion of LKE's risk programs under the risk management policy. WPD Midlands adhered to the applicable risk management programs, including interest rate and foreign currency exchange programs, from the date of acquisition.

 

Market risk is the potential loss PPL and its subsidiaries may incur as a result of price changes associated with a particular financial or commodity instrument. PPL and its subsidiaries utilize forward contracts, futures contracts, options, swaps and structured deals such as tolling agreements as part of risk management strategies to minimize unanticipated fluctuations in earnings caused by changes in commodity prices, volumes of full-requirement sales contracts, basis prices, interest rates and/or foreign currency exchange rates. All derivatives are recognized on the Balance Sheets at their fair value, unless they qualify for NPNS.

 

PPL is exposed to market risk from foreign currency exchange risk associated with its investments in U.K. affiliates, as well as additional market risk from certain subsidiaries, as discussed below.

 

PPL and PPL Energy Supply are exposed to market risk from:

 

       commodity price, basis and volumetric risks for energy and energy-related products associated with the sale of electricity from its generating assets and other electricity marketing activities (including full-requirement sales contracts) and the purchase of fuel and fuel-related commodities for generating assets, as well as for proprietary trading activities;

       interest rate and price risk associated with debt used to finance operations, as well as debt and equity securities in NDT funds and defined benefit plans; and

       foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with purchases of equipment in currencies other than U.S. dollars.

 

PPL and PPL Electric are exposed to market and volumetric risks from PPL Electric's obligation as PLR. The PUC has approved a cost recovery mechanism that allows PPL Electric to pass through to customers the cost associated with fulfilling its PLR obligation. This cost recovery mechanism substantially eliminates PPL Electric's exposure to market risk. PPL Electric also mitigates its exposure to volumetric risk by entering into full-requirement supply agreements for its customers. These supply agreements transfer the volumetric risk associated with the PLR obligation to the energy suppliers.

 

By definition, the regulatory environments for PPL's other regulated entities, LKE (through its subsidiaries LG&E and KU) and WPD, significantly mitigates market risk. LG&E's and KU's rates are set to permit the recovery of prudently incurred costs, including certain mechanisms for fuel, gas supply and environmental expenses. These mechanisms provide for timely recovery of market price and volumetric fluctuations associated with these expenses. LG&E and KU primarily utilize forward financial transactions to manage price risk associated with expected economic generation capacity in excess of expected load requirements. WPD does not have supply risks as it is only in the distribution business.

 

LG&E also utilizes over-the-counter interest rate swaps to limit exposure to market fluctuations on interest expense. WPD utilizes over-the-counter cross currency swaps to limit exposure to market fluctuations on interest and principal payments from foreign currency exchange rates.

 

Credit risk is the potential loss PPL and its subsidiaries may incur due to a counterparty's non-performance, including defaults on payments and energy commodity deliveries.

 

PPL is exposed to credit risk from interest rate and foreign currency derivatives with financial institutions, as well as additional credit risk through certain of its subsidiaries, as discussed below.

 

PPL and PPL Energy Supply are exposed to credit risk from commodity derivatives with their energy trading partners, which include other energy companies, fuel suppliers and financial institutions.

 

PPL and PPL Electric are exposed to credit risk from PPL Electric's supply agreements for its PLR obligation.

 

LKE and LG&E are exposed to credit risk from interest rate derivatives with financial institutions.

 

The majority of PPL's and its subsidiaries' credit risk stems from PPL subsidiaries' commodity derivatives for multi-year contracts for energy sales and purchases. If PPL Energy Supply's counterparties fail to perform their obligations under such contracts and PPL Energy Supply could not replace the sales or purchases at the same prices as those under the defaulted contracts, PPL Energy Supply would incur financial losses. Those losses would be recognized immediately or through lower revenues or higher costs in future years, depending on the accounting treatment for the defaulted contracts. In the event a supplier of LKE (through its subsidiaries LG&E and KU) or PPL Electric defaults on its obligation, those entities would be required to seek replacement power or replacement fuel in the market. In general, incremental costs incurred by these entities would be recoverable from customers in future rates.

 

PPL and its subsidiaries have credit policies to manage their credit risk, including the use of an established credit approval process, daily monitoring of counterparty positions and the use of master netting agreements. These agreements generally include credit mitigation provisions, such as margin, prepayment or collateral requirements. PPL and its subsidiaries may request the additional credit assurance, in certain circumstances, in the event that the counterparties' credit ratings fall below investment grade or their exposures exceed an established credit limit. See Note 13 for credit concentration associated with financial instruments.

 

Master Netting Arrangements

 

PPL and its subsidiaries have elected not to offset net derivative positions in the Financial Statements. Accordingly, PPL and its subsidiaries do not offset such derivative positions against the right to reclaim cash collateral (a receivable) or the obligation to return cash collateral (a payable) under master netting arrangements.

 

PPL's and PPL Energy Supply's obligation to return counterparty cash collateral under master netting arrangements was $64 million and $338 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

 

PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU had no obligation to return cash collateral under master netting arrangements at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

 

PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric and KU had not posted any cash collateral under master netting arrangements at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

 

PPL, LKE and LG&E had posted cash collateral under master netting arrangements of $30 million at September 30, 2011 and $19 million at December 31, 2010.

Commodity Price Risk (Non-trading)

 

(PPL and PPL Energy Supply)

 

Commodity price and basis risks are among PPL's and PPL Energy Supply's most significant risks due to the level of investment that PPL and PPL Energy Supply maintain in their competitive generation assets, as well as the extent of their marketing and proprietary trading activities. Several factors influence price levels and volatilities. These factors include, but are not limited to, seasonal changes in demand, weather conditions, available generating assets within regions, transportation/transmission availability and reliability within and between regions, market liquidity, and the nature and extent of current and potential federal and state regulations.

 

PPL and PPL Energy Supply enter into financial and physical derivative contracts, including forwards, futures, swaps and options, to hedge the price risk associated with electricity, gas, oil and other commodities. Certain contracts qualify for NPNS or are non-derivatives and are therefore not reflected in the financial statements until delivery. PPL and PPL Energy Supply segregate their remaining non-trading activities into two categories: cash flow hedge activity and economic activity. In addition, the monetization of certain full-requirements sales contracts in 2010 impacted both the cash flow hedge and economic activity, as discussed below.

 

Monetization of Certain Full-Requirement Sales Contracts

 

In early July 2010, in order to raise additional cash for the LKE acquisition, PPL Energy Supply monetized certain full-requirement sales contracts that resulted in cash proceeds of $156 million.

 

The decision in late June 2010 to monetize these contracts triggered certain accounting for the second quarter of 2010:

 

·       A portion of these sales contracts had previously been accounted for as NPNS and received accrual accounting treatment. The related purchases to supply these sales contracts were accounted for as cash flow hedges, with the effective portion of the change in fair value being recorded in AOCI and the ineffective portion recorded in "Energy purchases - Unrealized economic activity."

 

·       The rest of the sales contracts, along with their related hedges, had previously been accounted for as economic activity by PPL Energy Supply and the change in fair value of the sales contracts was recorded in "Wholesale energy marketing - Unrealized economic activity" and the change in fair value of the purchase contracts was recorded in "Energy purchases - Unrealized economic activity" on the Statement of Income.

 

·       At June 30, 2010, PPL Energy Supply could no longer assert that it was probable that any contracts with these counterparties would result in physical delivery. Therefore, the fair value of the NPNS contracts of $66 million was recorded on the Balance Sheet in "Price risk management assets," with a corresponding gain to "Wholesale energy marketing - Unrealized economic activity." Of this amount, $16 million was related to full-requirement sales contracts that had not been monetized. The corresponding cash flow hedges were dedesignated and all amounts previously recorded in AOCI were reclassified to earnings. This resulted in a pre-tax reclassification of $(87) million of gains (losses) from AOCI into "Energy purchases - Unrealized economic activity" on the Statement of Income. An additional charge of $(23) million was also recorded at June 30, 2010 in "Wholesale energy marketing - Unrealized economic activity" to reflect the fair value of the sales contracts previously accounted for as economic activity.

 

       The net result of these transactions, excluding the full-requirement sales contracts that have not been monetized, was a gain (loss) of $(60) million, or $(36) million after tax, for the second quarter of 2010.

 

In late July 2010, PPL Energy Supply again monetized certain full-requirement sales contracts that resulted in additional cash proceeds of $93 million. The monetization in late July triggered certain accounting that impacted the third quarter of 2010.

 

       These sales contracts had previously been accounted for as NPNS and received accrual accounting treatment. The related purchases to supply these sales contracts were accounted for as cash flow hedges, with the effective portion of the change in fair value being recorded in AOCI and the ineffective portion recorded in "Energy purchases - Unrealized economic activity" on the Statement of Income.

 

       The $93 million received from the monetization of the NPNS contracts was recorded as a gain to "Wholesale energy marketing - Realized" on the Statement of Income. The corresponding cash flow hedges were dedesignated and all amounts previously recorded in AOCI were reclassified to earnings. This resulted in a pre-tax reclassification of $(61) million of gains (losses) from AOCI into "Energy purchases - Unrealized economic activity" on the Statement of Income.

 

       The net result of these transactions was a gain of $32 million, or $19 million after tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2010.

 

The proceeds of $249 million from these monetizations are reflected in the Statement of Cash Flows as a component of "Net cash provided by operating activities."

 

Cash Flow Hedges

 

Many derivative contracts have qualified for hedge accounting so that the effective portion of a derivative's gain or loss is deferred in AOCI and reclassified into earnings when the forecasted transaction occurs. The cash flow hedges that existed at September 30, 2011 range in maturity through 2016. At September 30, 2011, the accumulated net unrecognized after-tax gains (losses) that are expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months were $309 million for PPL and PPL Energy Supply. Cash flow hedges are discontinued if it is no longer probable that the original forecasted transaction will occur by the end of the originally specified time periods and any amounts previously recorded in AOCI are reclassified into earnings once it is determined that the hedge transaction is probable of not occurring. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, such reclassifications were insignificant. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, such reclassifications were after tax (losses) of $(36) million and $(89) million. The after-tax (losses) recorded in both periods in 2010 were primarily due to the monetization of certain full-requirement sales contracts, for which the associated hedges were no longer required, as discussed above.

 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, hedge ineffectiveness associated with energy derivatives was, after-tax, a gain (loss) of $(3) million and $(17) million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, hedge ineffectiveness associated with energy derivatives was, after-tax, a gain (loss) of $8 million and $(16) million.

 

In addition, when cash flow hedge positions fail hedge effectiveness testing, hedge accounting is not permitted in the quarter in which this occurs and, accordingly, the entire change in fair value for the periods that failed is recorded to the Statement of Income. Certain power and gas cash flow hedge positions failed effectiveness testing during 2008 and early 2009 which resulted in significant gains recorded to the Statement of Income. However, these positions were not dedesignated as hedges, as prospective regression analysis demonstrated that these hedges were expected to be highly effective over their term. During the first quarter of 2010, after-tax gains (losses) of $(82) million were recognized in earnings as a result of the reversals. Effective April 1, 2010, clarifying accounting guidance was issued that precludes the reversal of previously recognized gains/losses resulting from hedge failures. By the end of the first quarter of 2010, all previously recorded hedge ineffectiveness gains resulting from hedge failures had reversed; therefore, the clarifying accounting guidance did not have a significant impact on the results of operation for PPL or PPL Energy Supply.

 

Economic Activity

 

Certain derivative contracts economically hedge the price and volumetric risk associated with electricity, gas, oil and other commodities but do not receive hedge accounting treatment. These derivatives hedge a portion of the economic value of PPL's and PPL Energy Supply's competitive generation assets and unregulated full-requirement and retail contracts, which are subject to changes in fair value due to market price volatility and volume expectations. Additionally, economic activity includes the ineffective portion of qualifying cash flow hedges (see "Cash Flow Hedges" above). The derivative contracts in this category that existed at September 30, 2011 range in maturity through 2017.

 

Examples of economic activity include certain purchase contracts used to supply full-requirement sales contracts; FTRs or basis swaps used to hedge basis risk associated with the sale of competitive generation or supplying unregulated full-requirement sales contracts; spark spreads (sale of electricity with the simultaneous purchase of fuel); retail electric and gas activities; and fuel oil swaps used to hedge price escalation clauses in coal transportation and other fuel-related contracts. PPL Energy Supply also uses options, which include the sale of call options and the purchase of put options tied to a particular generating unit. Since the physical generating capacity is owned, the price exposure is limited to the cost of the particular generating unit and does not expose PPL Energy Supply to uncovered market price risk.

 

Activity associated with monetizing certain full-requirement sales contracts is also included in economic activity during the second quarter of 2010. All transactions that previously had been considered cash flow hedges related to these full-requirement sales contracts, but no longer qualified as cash flow hedges, were classified as economic activity at September 30, 2010.

 

The net fair value of economic positions at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was a net liability of $218 million and $389 million for PPL Energy Supply. The unrealized gains (losses) for economic activity for the periods ended September 30 are as follows.

   Three Months Nine Months
   2011 2010 2011 2010
              
Operating Revenues            
 Unregulated retail electric and gas $ 4 $ 8 $ 9 $ 16
 Wholesale energy marketing    216   52   229   (190)
Operating Expenses            
 Fuel   (28)   16   (16)   13
 Energy purchases (a)   (176)   (300)   (49)   (418)

(a)       During the second quarter of 2010, PPL Energy Supply corrected an error relating to the fair value of a capacity contract (classified as economic activity) due to the use of an incorrect forward capacity curve. PPL Energy Supply's energy purchases were understated for the year ended December 31, 2009 and the first quarter of 2010 by an unrealized amount of $35 million ($20 million after tax or $0.05 per share, basic and diluted, for PPL) and $5 million ($3 million after tax or $0.01 per share, basic and diluted, for PPL). Management concluded that the impacts were not material to first quarter 2010 financial statements of PPL and PPL Energy Supply, and were not material to the financial statements for the full year 2010.

 

The net gains (losses) recorded in "Wholesale energy marketing" resulted primarily from certain full-requirement sales contracts for which PPL Energy Supply did not elect NPNS, from hedge ineffectiveness, including hedges that failed effectiveness testing, as discussed in "Cash Flow Hedges" above, and from the monetization of certain full-requirement sales contracts. The net gains (losses) recorded in "Energy purchases" resulted primarily from certain purchase contracts to supply the full-requirement sales contracts noted above for which PPL Energy Supply did not elect hedge treatment, from hedge ineffectiveness, including hedges that failed effectiveness testing, and from purchase contracts that no longer hedge the full-requirement sales contracts that were monetized as discussed above in "Monetization of Certain Full-Requirement Sales Contracts."

(PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

LG&E and KU primarily utilize forward financial transactions to manage price risk associated with expected economic generation capacity in excess of expected load requirements. Hedge accounting treatment has not been elected for these transactions; therefore, realized and unrealized gains and losses are recorded in the Statements of Income. The derivative contracts in this category that existed at September 30, 2011, range in maturity through 2012.

 

The net fair value of economic positions for LKE, LG&E and KU at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was not significant. Unrealized gains (losses) for economic activity for LKE, LG&E and KU for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 were not significant.

Commodity Price Risk (Trading) (PPL and PPL Energy Supply)

 

PPL Energy Supply also executes energy contracts to take advantage of market opportunities. As a result, PPL Energy Supply may at times create a net open position in its portfolio that could result in significant losses if prices do not move in the manner or direction anticipated. PPL Energy Supply's trading activity is shown in "Net energy trading margins" on the Statements of Income.

 

Commodity Volumetric Activity

 

(PPL and PPL Energy Supply)

 

PPL Energy Supply currently employs four primary strategies to maximize the value of its wholesale energy portfolio. As further discussed below, these strategies include the sales of baseload generation, optimization of intermediate and peaking generation, marketing activities, and proprietary trading activities. The tables within this section present the volumes of PPL Energy Supply's derivative activity, excluding those that qualify for NPNS, unless otherwise noted.

 

Sales of Baseload Generation

 

PPL Energy Supply has a formal hedging program for its competitive baseload generation fleet, which includes 7,357 MW of nuclear, coal and hydroelectric generating capacity. The objective of this program is to provide a reasonable level of near-term cash flow and earnings certainty while preserving upside potential of power price increases over the medium term. PPL Energy Supply sells its expected generation output on a forward basis using both derivative and non-derivative instruments. Both are included in the following tables.

 

The following table presents the expected sales, in GWh, from baseload generation and tolling arrangements that are included in the baseload portfolio based on current forecasted assumptions for 2011-2013. These expected sales could be impacted by several factors, including plant availability.

2011 (a) 2012 2013
     
13,575  54,675  54,364

(a)       Represents expected sales for the balance of the current year.

 

The following table presents the percentage of expected baseload generation sales shown above that has been sold forward under fixed price contracts and the related percentage of fuel that has been purchased or committed at September 30, 2011.

   Derivative Total Power Fuel Purchases (c)
Year Sales (a) Sales (b) Coal Nuclear
          
2011 (d) 90% 100% 100% 100%
2012 92% 91% 96% 100%
2013 (e) 63% 72% 89% 100%

(a)       Excludes non-derivative contracts and contracts that qualify for NPNS. Volumes for option contracts factor in the probability of an option being exercised and may be less than the notional amount of the option.

(b)       Amount represents derivative and non-derivative contracts. Volumes for option contracts factor in the probability of an option being exercised and may be less than the notional amount of the option. Percentages are based on fixed-price contracts only.

(c)       Coal and nuclear contracts receive accrual accounting treatment, as they are not derivative contracts. Percentages are based on both fixed- and variable-priced contracts.

(d)       Represents the balance of the current year.

(e)       Volumes for derivative sales contracts that deliver in future periods total 3,050 GWh.

 

In addition to the fuel purchases above, PPL Energy Supply attempts to economically hedge the fuel price risk that is within its fuel-related and coal transportation contracts, which are tied to changes in crude oil or diesel prices. PPL Energy Supply has also entered into contracts to financially hedge the physical sale of oil. The following table presents the net volumes (in thousands of barrels) of derivative (sales)/purchase contracts used in support of these strategies at September 30, 2011.

  2011 (a) 2012 2013 (b)
        
 Oil Swaps  (21)  651  540

(a)       Represents the balance of the current year.

(b)       Volumes (in thousands of barrels) for derivative contracts used in support of this strategy that deliver in future periods total 120.

 

Optimization of Intermediate and Peaking Generation

 

In addition to its competitive baseload generation activities, PPL Energy Supply attempts to optimize the overall value of its competitive intermediate and peaking fleet, which includes 3,395 MW of gas and oil-fired generation. The following table presents the net volumes of derivative (sales)/purchase contracts used in support of this strategy at September 30, 2011.

   Units 2011 (a) 2012 2013 (b)
          
Power Sales (c) GWh  (1,127)  (2,006)  (1,224)
Fuel Purchases (c) Bcf  12.0  13.5  8.2

(a)       Represents the balance of the current year.

(b)       Volumes for derivative contracts used in support of these strategies that deliver in future periods total (1,632) GWh and 11.0 Bcf.

(c)       Included in these volumes are non-options and exercised option contracts that converted to non-option derivative contracts. Volumes associated with option contracts are not significant.

 

Marketing Activities

 

PPL Energy Supply's marketing portfolio is comprised of full-requirement sales contracts and their related supply contracts, retail gas and electricity sales contracts and other marketing activities. The full-requirement sales contracts and their related supply contracts make up a significant component of the marketing portfolio. The obligations under the full-requirement sales contracts include supplying a bundled product of energy, capacity, RECs, and other ancillary products. The full-requirement sales contracts PPL Energy Supply is awarded do not provide for specific levels of load, and actual load could vary significantly from forecasted amounts. PPL Energy Supply uses a variety of strategies to hedge its full-requirement sales contracts, including purchasing energy at a liquid trading hub or directly at the load delivery zone, purchasing capacity and RECs in the market and supplying the energy, capacity and RECs with its generation. PPL Energy Supply does not consider RECs to be derivatives; therefore, they are excluded from the table below. The following table presents the volume of (sales)/purchase contracts, excluding FTRs, basis and capacity contracts, used in support of these activities at September 30, 2011.

   Units 2011 (a) 2012 2013
          
Energy sales contracts (b) GWh  (4,319)  (13,074)  (5,325)
Related energy supply contracts (b)        
 Energy purchases GWh  2,923  7,425  645
 Volumetric hedges (c) GWh  90  312  43
 Generation supply GWh  1,265  5,457  4,478
Retail gas sales contracts Bcf  (2.6)  (9.1)  (0.5)
Retail gas purchase contracts Bcf  2.5  9.1  0.5

(a)       Represents the balance of the current year.

(b)       Includes NPNS and contracts that are not derivatives, which receive accrual accounting.

(c)       PPL Energy Supply uses power and gas options, swaps and futures to hedge the volumetric risk associated with full-requirement sales contracts since the demand for power varies hourly. Volumes for option contracts factor in the probability of an option being exercised and may be less than the notional amount of the option.

Proprietary Trading Activity

 

At September 30, 2011, PPL Energy Supply's proprietary trading positions, excluding FTR, basis and capacity contract activity that is included in the tables below, were not significant.

 

Other Energy-Related Positions

 

FTRs and Other Basis Positions

 

PPL Energy Supply buys and sells FTRs and other basis positions to mitigate the basis risk between delivery points related to the sales of its generation, the supply of its full-requirement sales contracts and retail contracts, as well as for proprietary trading purposes. The net volume of derivative FTR and basis (sales)/purchase contracts at September 30, 2011 were:

  Units 2011 (a) 2012 2013 (b)
          
FTRs GWh  9,720  15,008  
Power Basis Positions GWh  (4,022)  (10,828)  (987)
Gas Basis Positions Bcf  7.7  12.9  (1.0)

(a)       Represents the balance of the current year.

(b)       Volumes that deliver in future periods are 364 GWh and (2.0) Bcf.

 

Capacity Positions

 

PPL Energy Supply buys and sells capacity related to the sales of its generation and the supply of its full-requirement sales contracts. These contracts qualify for NPNS and receive accrual accounting. PPL Energy Supply also sells and purchases capacity for proprietary trading purposes. These contracts are marked to fair value through earnings. The following table presents the net volumes of derivative capacity (sales)/purchase contracts at September 30, 2011.

  Units 2011 (a) 2012 2013 (b)
          
Capacity MW-months  (2,944)  (6,422)  (1,384)

(a)       Represents the balance of the current year.

(b)       Volumes that deliver in future periods are (253) MW-months.

Sales of Excess Regulated Generation (PPL, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

LKE and its subsidiaries manage the price risk of expected economic generation capacity in excess of expected load requirements using market-traded forward contracts. At September 30, 2011, the net volume of electricity based financial derivatives outstanding to hedge excess regulated generation was insignificant for LKE, LG&E and KU.

Interest Rate Risk

 

Cash Flow Hedges (PPL and PPL Energy Supply)

 

Interest rate risks include exposure to adverse interest rate movements for outstanding variable rate debt and for future anticipated financings. PPL enters into financial interest rate swap contracts to hedge these exposures. These interest rate swap contracts mature through 2022 and had a notional value of $550 million at September 30, 2011.

 

Through PPL, PPL WEM holds a notional position in cross-currency interest rate swaps totaling $960 million that mature through 2021 to hedge the interest payments and principal of the U.S. dollar-denominated senior notes issued by PPL WEM in April 2011. Additionally, PPL WW holds a notional position in cross-currency interest rate swaps totaling $302 million that mature through December 2028 to hedge the interest payments and principal of its U.S. dollar-denominated senior notes. In 2010, these PPL WW swaps were part of PPL Energy Supply's business. As a result of the distribution of PPL Energy Supply's membership interest in PPL Global to PPL Energy Funding effective January 2011, these swaps are no longer part of PPL Energy Supply's business.

 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, hedge ineffectiveness associated with interest rate derivatives was insignificant and a gain (loss) of $(13) million for PPL, of which a gain (loss) of $(5) million was attributable to certain interest rate swaps that failed hedge effectiveness testing during the second quarter of 2011. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, hedge ineffectiveness associated with interest rate derivatives was insignificant for both PPL and PPL Energy Supply.

 

Cash flow hedges are discontinued if it is no longer probable that the original forecasted transaction will occur by the end of the originally specified time periods and any amounts previously recorded in AOCI are reclassified into earnings once it is determined that the hedged transaction is probable of not occurring. PPL and PPL Energy Supply had no such reclassifications for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011. As a result of the expected net proceeds from the then anticipated sale of certain non-core generation facilities, coupled with the monetization of certain full-requirement sales contracts, debt that had been planned to be issued by PPL Energy Supply in 2010 was no longer needed. As a result, hedge accounting associated with interest rate swaps entered into by PPL in anticipation of a debt issuance by PPL Energy Supply was discontinued. Net gains (losses) of $(29) million, or $(19) million after tax, were reclassified for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010. PPL Energy Supply had no such reclassifications for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010.

 

At September 30, 2011, the accumulated net unrecognized after-tax gains (losses) on qualifying derivatives that are expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months were $(11) million for PPL. Amounts are reclassified as the hedged interest payments are made.

Fair Value Hedges (PPL and PPL Energy Supply)

 

PPL and PPL Energy Supply are exposed to changes in the fair value of their debt portfolios. To manage this risk, PPL and PPL Energy Supply may enter into financial contracts to hedge fluctuations in the fair value of existing debt issuances due to changes in benchmark interest rates. At September 30, 2011, PPL held contracts that range in maturity through 2047 and had a notional value of $99 million. PPL Energy Supply did not hold any such contracts at September 30, 2011. PPL and PPL Energy Supply did not recognize gains or losses resulting from the ineffective portion of fair value hedges or from a portion of the hedging instrument being excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.

 

PPL Electric redeemed $400 million of 7.125% Senior Secured Bonds due 2013. As a result of this redemption, PPL recorded a gain (loss) of $22 million, or $14 million after tax, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 in "Other Income (Expense) - net" on the Statement of Income as a result of accelerated amortization of the fair value adjustments to the debt in connection with previously settled fair value hedges. PPL had no such gains or losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010. PPL Energy Supply had no such gains or losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.

Economic Activity

 

(PPL, LKE and LG&E)

 

LG&E enters into interest rate swap contracts that economically hedge interest payments on variable rate debt. Beginning in the third quarter of 2010, as a result of a rate case order, realized gains and losses from the swaps are recoverable through regulated rates. Therefore, any subsequent change in fair value of these derivatives is included in regulatory assets and liabilities. Realized gains and losses are recognized in "Interest Expense" on the Statements of Income when the hedged transaction occurs. Prior to the third quarter of 2010, LG&E reclassified amounts previously recorded in AOCI to earnings in the same period during which the forecasted transaction affected earnings. The amounts recorded to regulatory assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 were $22 million and $23 million. At September 30, 2011, LG&E held contracts with a notional amount of $179 million that range in maturity through 2033. The fair value of these contracts was a liability of $57 million and $34 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

 

(LKE and LG&E)

 

The amounts recorded to regulatory assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 were $59 million.

Foreign Currency Risk

 

(PPL)

 

Cash Flow Hedges

 

At September 30, 2011, there were no existing foreign currency cash flow hedges associated with foreign currency-denominated debt or firm commitments (including those for the purchase of equipment) denominated in foreign currencies. Amounts previously settled and recorded in AOCI are reclassified as the hedged interest payments are made and as the related equipment is depreciated. Insignificant gains are expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months.

 

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, no cash flow hedges were discontinued because it was probable that the original forecasted transaction would not occur by the end of the originally specified time periods.

 

Fair Value Hedges

 

PPL enters into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the exchange rates associated with firm commitments denominated in foreign currencies; however, at September 30, 2011, there were no existing contracts of this nature and no gains or losses recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 related to hedge ineffectiveness, or from a portion of the hedging instrument being excluded from the assessment of hedge ineffectiveness, or from hedges of firm commitments that no longer qualified as fair value hedges.

 

Net Investment Hedges (PPL and PPL Energy Supply)

 

PPL enters into foreign currency contracts on behalf of a subsidiary to protect the value of a portion of its net investment in WPD. In 2010, these contracts were included in PPL Energy Supply's business. As a result of the distribution of PPL Energy Supply's membership interest in PPL Global to PPL Energy Funding, effective January 2011, these contracts are no longer included in PPL Energy Supply's business.

 

The contracts outstanding at September 30, 2011 had an aggregate notional amount of £65 million (approximately $106 million based on contracted rates). The settlement dates of these contracts range from January 2012 through June 2012. At September 30, 2011, the fair value of these contracts was $5 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, PPL recognized insignificant amounts of activity in the foreign currency translation adjustment component of AOCI. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, PPL and PPL Energy Supply recognized insignificant amounts of activity in the foreign currency translation adjustment component of AOCI. At September 30, 2011, PPL included $18 million of accumulated net investment hedge gains (losses), after tax, in the foreign currency translation adjustment component of AOCI. At December 31, 2010, PPL and PPL Energy Supply included $15 million of accumulated net investment hedge gains (losses), after-tax, in AOCI.

 

Economic Activity

 

(PPL)

 

In anticipation of the repayment of a portion of the GBP-denominated borrowings under the 2011 Bridge Facility with U.S. dollar proceeds received from PPL's issuance of common stock and 2011 Equity Units and PPL WEM's issuance of U.S. dollar-denominated senior notes, as discussed in Note 7, PPL entered into forward contracts to purchase GBP in order to economically hedge the foreign currency exchange rate risk related to the repayment. These trades were settled in April 2011. Gains and losses on these contracts are included in "Other Income (Expense) - net" on the Statement of Income. PPL recorded insignificant losses and $55 million of pre-tax, net gains (losses) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011.

 

(PPL and PPL Energy Supply)

 

PPL enters into foreign currency contracts on behalf of a subsidiary to economically hedge anticipated earnings denominated in GBP. In 2010, these contracts were included in PPL Energy Supply's business. As a result of the distribution of PPL Energy Supply's membership interest in PPL Global to PPL Energy Funding, effective January 2011, these contracts are no longer included in PPL Energy Supply's business. At September 30, 2011, the total exposure hedged by PPL was £393 million, the net fair value of these positions was $16 million and these contracts had termination dates ranging from October 2011 through November 2012. PPL records gains (losses) on these contracts in "Other Income (Expense) - net" on the Statements of Income. Gains (losses) were $11 million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and insignificant for 2010. PPL Energy Supply's 2010 gains (losses), both realized and unrealized, are included in "Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (net of income taxes)" on the Statement of Income and were insignificant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010.

Accounting and Reporting

 

(PPL, PPL Energy Supply, PPL Electric, LKE, LG&E and KU)

 

All derivative instruments are recorded at fair value on the Balance Sheets as an asset or liability unless they qualify for NPNS. NPNS contracts for PPL and PPL Energy Supply include full-requirement sales contracts, power purchase agreements and certain retail energy and physical capacity contracts, and for PPL Electric include full-requirement purchase contracts and block purchase contracts. Changes in the derivatives' fair value are recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met, except for the change in fair value of LG&E's interest rate swaps which is recognized as a regulatory asset. See Note 6 for amounts recorded in regulatory assets at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

 

See Notes 1 and 19 in PPL and PPL Electric's 2010 Form 10-K, Notes 1 and 15 in PPL Energy Supply's Form 8-K dated June 24, 2011 and Notes 1 and 5 in the annual financial statements included in LKE's, LG&E's and KU's 2011 Registration Statements for additional information on accounting policies related to derivative instruments.

(PPL)

 

The following table presents the fair value and location of derivative instruments recorded on the Balance Sheets.

       September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
       Derivatives designated as  Derivatives not designated Derivatives designated as  Derivatives not designated
       hedging instruments  as hedging instruments (a) hedging instruments  as hedging instruments (a)
       Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
Current:                        
 Price Risk Management                         
  Assets/Liabilities (b):                        
   Interest rate swaps $ 5 $ 63    $ 4 $ 11 $ 19    $ 2
   Cross-currency swaps       2         7   9      
   Foreign currency                        
    exchange contracts   5    $ 16      7    $ 4   
   Commodity contracts   667   2   700   734   878   19   1,011   1,095
     Total current   677   67   716   738   903   47   1,015   1,097
Noncurrent:                        
 Price Risk Management                         
  Assets/Liabilities (b):                        
   Interest rate swaps            53   4         32
   Cross-currency swaps    51            37         
   Commodity contracts   152   16   523   439   169   7   445   431
     Total noncurrent   203   16   523   492   210   7   445   463
Total derivatives $ 880 $ 83 $ 1,239 $ 1,230 $ 1,113 $ 54 $ 1,460 $ 1,560

(a)       $261 million and $326 million of net gains associated with derivatives that were no longer designated as hedging instruments are recorded in AOCI at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

(b)       Represents the location on the Balance Sheet.

 

The after-tax balances of accumulated net gains (losses) (excluding net investment hedges) in AOCI were $491 million and $695 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. The after-tax balances of accumulated net gains (losses) (excluding net investment hedges) in AOCI were $921 million and $602 million at September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009.

 

The following tables present the pre-tax effect of derivative instruments recognized in income, OCI or regulatory assets for the periods ended September 30, 2011.

Derivatives in Hedged Items in  Location of Gain Gain (Loss) Recognized Gain (Loss) Recognized
Fair Value Hedging Fair Value Hedging  (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative  in Income on Related Item
Relationships Relationships  in Income Three Months Nine Months Three Months Nine Months
                  
Interest rate swaps Fixed rate debt Interest expense    $ 2 $ 5 $ 23
    Other income            
     (expense) - net         22   22

              Three Months Nine Months
                 Gain (Loss)    Gain (Loss)
                 Recognized    Recognized
                 in Income    in Income
              on Derivative Gain (Loss) on Derivative
           Gain (Loss) (Ineffective Reclassified (Ineffective
           Reclassified Portion and from AOCI Portion and
     Derivative Gain Location of from AOCI Amount into Amount
     (Loss) Recognized in Gain (Loss) into Income Excluded from Income Excluded from
Derivative   OCI (Effective Portion) Recognized  (Effective Effectiveness (Effective Effectiveness
Relationships Three Months Nine Months in Income Portion) Testing) Portion) Testing)
Cash Flow Hedges:                    
 Interest rate swaps $ (52) $ (51) Interest expense $ (4)    $ (10) $ (13)
 Cross-currency swaps   46   13 Interest expense         3   
           Other income            
            (expense) - net   32      49   
 Commodity contracts   66   116 Wholesale energy             
            marketing   163 $ (9)   530   (31)
           Fuel   1      1   
           Depreciation   1      1   
           Energy purchases   (42)      (159)   1
Total $ 60 $ 78    $ 151 $ (9) $ 415 $ (43)
                         
Net Investment Hedges:                     
  Foreign exchange contracts $ 5 $ 4               

Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in      
Hedging Instruments:  Income on Derivatives Three Months Nine Months
         
Foreign exchange contracts Other income (expense) - net $ 11 $ 66
Interest rate swaps Interest expense   (2)   (6)
Commodity contracts Utility   1   (2)
  Unregulated retail electric and gas   6   11
  Wholesale energy marketing   193   167
  Net energy trading margins (a)   (2)   9
  Fuel   (27)   (12)
  Energy purchases   (192)   (156)
  Total $ (12) $ 77
         
Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized as      
Hedging Instruments: Regulatory Liabilities/Assets Three Months Nine Months
         
Interest rate swaps Regulatory assets - noncurrent $ (22) $ (23)

(a)       Differs from the Statement of Income due to intra-month transactions that PPL defines as spot activity, which is not accounted for as a derivative.

 

The following tables present the pre-tax effect of derivative instruments recognized in income or OCI for the periods ended September 30, 2010.

Derivatives in Hedged Items in  Location of Gain Gain (Loss) Recognized Gain (Loss) Recognized
Fair Value Hedging Fair Value Hedging  (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative  in Income on Related Item
Relationships Relationships  in Income Three Months Nine Months Three Months Nine Months
                  
Interest rate swaps Fixed rate debt Interest expense $ 12 $ 46 $ (1) $ (14)

              Three Months Nine Months
                 Gain (Loss)    Gain (Loss)
                 Recognized    Recognized
                 in Income    in Income
              on Derivative Gain (Loss) on Derivative
           Gain (Loss) (Ineffective Reclassified (Ineffective
           Reclassified Portion and from AOCI Portion and
     Derivative Gain Location of from AOCI Amount into Amount
     (Loss) Recognized in Gain (Loss) into Income Excluded from Income Excluded from
Derivative   OCI (Effective Portion) Recognized  (Effective Effectiveness (Effective Effectiveness
Relationships Three Months Nine Months in Income Portion) Testing) Portion) Testing)
Cash Flow Hedges:                    
 Interest rate swaps $ (124) $ (225) Interest expense $ (1)    $ (2) $ (3)
           Other income            
            (expense) - net   (30)      (30)   
 Cross-currency swaps   (6)   40 Interest expense   1      2   
           Other income            
            (expense) - net   (19)      19   
 Commodity contracts   360   789 Wholesale energy             
            marketing   93 $ (8)   469   (173)
           Fuel   1      2   
           Depreciation   1      2   
           Energy purchases   (87)   20   (398)   2
Total $ 230 $ 604    $ (41) $ 12 $ 64 $ (174)
                         
Net Investment Hedges:                     
  Foreign exchange contracts $ (1) $ 4               

Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in      
Hedging Instruments:  Income on Derivatives Three Months Nine Months
         
Foreign exchange contracts Other income (expense) - net $ (1) $ 1
Commodity contracts Unregulated retail electric and gas   10   22
  Wholesale energy marketing   61   384
  Net energy trading margins (a)   (11)   
  Fuel   10   (2)
  Energy purchases   (378)   (873)
  Total $ (309) $ (468)

(a)       Differs from the Statement of Income due to intra-month transactions that PPL defines as spot activity, which is not accounted for as a derivative.

(PPL Energy Supply)

 

See Note 8 for information on PPL Energy Supply's January 2011 distribution of its membership interest in PPL Global to its parent, PPL Energy Funding. The following table presents the fair value and location of derivative instruments recorded on the Balance Sheets.

       September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
       Derivatives designated as Derivatives not designated Derivatives designated as Derivatives not designated
       hedging instruments  as hedging instruments (a) hedging instruments  hedging instruments (a)
       Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
Current:                        
 Price Risk Management                         
  Assets/Liabilities (b):                        
   Cross-currency swaps              $ 7 $ 9      
   Foreign currency                        
    exchange contracts               7    $ 4   
   Commodity contracts $ 667 $ 2 $ 699 $ 733   878   19   1,011 $ 1,084
     Total current   667   2   699   733   892   28   1,015   1,084
Noncurrent:                        
 Price Risk Management                         
  Assets/Liabilities (b):                        
   Cross-currency swaps                37         
   Commodity contracts   152   16   523   439   169   7   445   431
     Total noncurrent   152   16   523   439   206   7   445   431
Total derivatives $ 819 $ 18 $ 1,222 $ 1,172 $ 1,098 $ 35 $ 1,460 $ 1,515

(a)       $261 million and $326 million of net gains associated with derivatives that were no longer designated as hedging instruments are recorded in AOCI at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

(b)       Represents the location on the balance sheet.

 

The after-tax balances of accumulated net gains (losses) (excluding net investment hedges) in AOCI were $539 million and $733 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. At September 30, 2011, AOCI reflects the effect of PPL Energy Supply's January 2011 distribution of its membership interest in PPL Global to its parent, PPL Energy Funding. See Note 8 for additional information. The after-tax balances of accumulated net gains (losses) (excluding net investment hedges) in AOCI were $1.0 billion and $573 million at September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009.

 

The following tables present the pre-tax effect of derivative instruments recognized in income or OCI for the periods ended September 30, 2011.

Derivatives in Hedged Items in  Location of Gain Gain (Loss) Recognized Gain (Loss) Recognized
Fair Value Hedging Fair Value Hedging  (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative  in Income on Related Item
Relationships Relationships  in Income Three Months Nine Months Three Months Nine Months
                  
Interest rate swaps Fixed rate debt Interest expense          $ 1

             Three Months Nine Months
                Gain (Loss)    Gain (Loss)
                 Recognized    Recognized
                in Income    in Income
                on Derivative    on Derivative
          Gain (Loss) (Ineffective Gain (Loss) (Ineffective
          Reclassified Portion and Reclassified Portion and
     Derivative Gain Location of from AOCI Amount from AOCI Amount
     (Loss) Recognized in Gains (Losses) into Income Excluded from into Income Excluded from
Derivative  OCI (Effective Portion) Recognized (Effective Effectiveness (Effective Effectiveness
Relationships Three Months Nine Months in Income  Portion)  Testing) Portion) Testing)
Cash Flow Hedges:                    
           Wholesale energy             
  Commodity contracts $ 66 $ 116  marketing $ 163 $ (9) $ 530 $ (31)
           Fuel   1      1   
           Depreciation   1      1   
           Energy purchases   (42)      (159)   1
Total $ 66 $ 116    $ 123 $ (9) $ 373 $ (30)
                         

Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in      
Hedging Instruments:  Income on Derivatives Three Months Nine Months
         
Commodity contracts Unregulated retail electric and gas $ 6 $ 11
  Wholesale energy marketing   193   167
  Net energy trading margins (a)   (2)   9
  Fuel   (27)   (12)
  Energy purchases   (192)   (156)
  Total $ (22) $ 19

(a)       Differs from the Statement of Income due to intra-month transactions that PPL Energy Supply defines as spot activity, which is not accounted for as a derivative.

The following tables present the pre-tax effect of derivative instruments recognized in income or OCI for the periods ended September 30, 2010.

Derivatives in Hedged Items in  Location of Gain Gain (Loss) Recognized Gain (Loss) Recognized
Fair Value Hedging Fair Value Hedging  (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative  in Income on Related Item
Relationships Relationships  in Income Three Months Nine Months Three Months Nine Months
                  
Interest rate swaps Fixed rate debt Interest expense       $ 1 $ 1

             Three Months Nine Months
                Gain (Loss)    Gain (Loss)
                 Recognized    Recognized
                in Income    in Income
                on Derivative    on Derivative
          Gain (Loss) (Ineffective Gain (Loss) (Ineffective
          Reclassified Portion and Reclassified Portion and
     Derivative Gain Location of from AOCI Amount from AOCI Amount
     (Loss) Recognized in Gains (Losses) into Income Excluded from into Income Excluded from
Derivative  OCI (Effective Portion) Recognized (Effective Effectiveness (Effective Effectiveness
Relationships Three Months Nine Months in Income  Portion)  Testing) Portion) Testing)
Cash Flow Hedges:                    
  Interest rate swaps       Discontinued            
            operations          $ (3)
  Cross-currency swaps $ (6) $ 40 Discontinued            
            operations $ (18)    $ 21   
          Wholesale energy             
  Commodity contracts $ 360   789  marketing   93 $ (8)   469   (173)
           Fuel   1      2   
           Depreciation         1   
           Energy purchases   (87)   20   (398)   2
Total $ 354 $ 829    $ (11) $ 12 $ 95 $ (174)
                         
Net Investment Hedges:                     
  Foreign exchange contracts $ (1) $ 4               

Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in      
Hedging Instruments:  Income on Derivatives Three Months Nine Months
         
Foreign exchange contracts Discontinued operations $ (1) $ 1
Commodity contracts Unregulated retail electric and gas   10   22
  Wholesale energy marketing   61   384
  Net energy trading margins (a)   (11)   
  Fuel   10   (2)
  Energy purchases   (378)   (873)
  Total $ (309) $ (468)

(a)       Differs from the Statement of Income due to intra-month transactions that PPL Energy Supply defines as spot activity, which is not accounted for as a derivative.

(LKE and LG&E)

 

The following table presents the fair value and location of derivative instruments recorded on the Balance Sheets.

       September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
       Derivatives designated as  Derivatives not designated Derivatives designated as  Derivatives not designated
       hedging instruments  as hedging instruments hedging instruments  as hedging instruments
       Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
Current:                        
 Other Current                         
  Assets/Liabilities (a):                        
   Interest rate swaps          $ 4          $ 2
   Commodity contracts       $ 1   1            2
     Total current         1   5            4
Noncurrent:                        
 Price Risk Management                         
  Assets/Liabilities (a):                        
   Interest rate swaps            53            32
     Total noncurrent            53            32
Total derivatives       $ 1 $ 58          $ 36

(a)       Represents the location on the Balance Sheet.

 

There were no after-tax balances of accumulated net gains (losses) in AOCI at September 30, 2011, December 31, 2010 and September 30, 2010. The after-tax balance of accumulated net gains in AOCI was $5 million at December 31, 2009.

 

The following tables present the pre-tax effect of derivative instruments recognized in income or regulatory assets for the periods ended September 30, 2011, for the successor.

Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in      
Hedging Instruments:  Income on Derivatives Three Months Nine Months
         
Interest rate swaps Interest expense $ (2) $ (6)
Commodity contracts Operating revenues - retail and wholesale   1   (2)
  Total $ (1) $ (8)
         
Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized as      
Hedging Instruments: Regulatory Liabilities/Assets Three Months Nine Months
         
Interest rate swaps Regulatory assets $ (22) $ (23)

The following tables present the pre-tax effect of derivative instruments recognized in income or regulatory assets for the periods ended September 30, 2010, for the predecessor.

Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in      
Hedging Instruments:  Income on Derivatives Three Months Nine Months
         
Interest rate swaps Other income (expense) - net $ 29 $ 19
Commodity contracts Operating revenues - retail and wholesale      3
  Total $ 29 $ 22
         
Derivatives Not Designated as Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized as      
Hedging Instruments: Regulatory Liabilities/Assets Three Months Nine Months
         
Interest rate swaps Regulatory assets $ (59) $ (59)

The gains and losses recognized in income on derivatives associated with commodity contracts for the three-month period ended September 30, 2010 were not significant.

 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2010, LG&E recorded a pre-tax gain to reverse previously recorded losses of $21 million and $9 million to reflect the reclassification of the ineffective swaps and the terminated swap to a regulatory asset.

 

The gain on hedging interest rate swaps recognized in OCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, was $21 million and $17 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, the gain on derivatives reclassified from AOCI to regulatory assets was $23 million.

 

Prior to including the unrealized gains and losses on the effective and ineffective interest rate swaps in regulatory assets, amounts previously recorded in AOCI were reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged forecasted transaction affected earnings. The amount amortized from OCI to income in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 was not significant.

 

(KU)

 

The gains and losses recognized in income on derivatives associated with commodity contracts were not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.

 

 

Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features (PPL, PPL Energy Supply, LKE and LG&E)

 

Certain of PPL's, PPL Energy Supply's, LKE's and LG&E's derivative contracts contain credit contingent provisions which would permit the counterparties with which PPL, PPL Energy Supply, LKE or LG&E is in a net liability position to require the transfer of additional collateral upon a decrease in the credit ratings of PPL, PPL Energy Supply, LKE, LG&E, or certain of their subsidiaries. Most of these provisions would require PPL, PPL Energy Supply, LKE or LG&E to transfer additional collateral or permit the counterparty to terminate the contract if the applicable credit rating were to fall below investment grade. Some of these provisions also would allow the counterparty to require additional collateral upon each decrease in the credit rating at levels that remain above investment grade. In either case, if the applicable credit rating were to fall below investment grade (i.e., below BBB- for S&P or Fitch, or Baa3 for Moody's), and assuming no assignment to an investment grade affiliate were allowed, most of these credit contingent provisions require either immediate payment of the net liability as a termination payment or immediate and ongoing full collateralization by PPL, PPL Energy Supply, LKE or LG&E on derivative instruments in net liability positions.

 

Additionally, certain of PPL's, PPL Energy Supply's, LKE's and LG&E's derivative contracts contain credit contingent provisions that require PPL, PPL Energy Supply, LKE or LG&E to provide "adequate assurance" of performance if the other party has reasonable grounds for insecurity regarding PPL's, PPL Energy Supply's, LKE's or LG&E's performance of its obligation under the contract. A counterparty demanding adequate assurance could require a transfer of additional collateral or other security, including letters of credit, cash and guarantees from a creditworthy entity. This would typically involve negotiations among the parties. However, amounts disclosed below represent assumed immediate payment or immediate and ongoing full collateralization for derivative instruments in net liability positions with "adequate assurance" provisions.

 

At September 30, 2011, the effect of a decrease in credit ratings below investment grade on derivative contracts that contain credit contingent features and were in a net liability position is summarized as follows:

       PPL      
    PPL Energy Supply LKE LG&E
               
Aggregate fair value of derivative instruments in a net liability             
 position with credit contingent provisions $ 103 $ 51 $ 37 $ 37
Aggregate fair value of collateral posted on these derivative instruments   45   15   30   30
Aggregate fair value of additional collateral requirements in the event of            
 a credit downgrade below investment grade (a)   191  167   9  9

(a)       Includes the effect of net receivables and payables already recorded on the Balance Sheet.