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Fair Value Measurements
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes fair value measurements based on the types of inputs used for the various valuation techniques (market approach, income approach, and cost approach). The levels of the hierarchy are described below:
•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; these include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.
The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate. The fair value of the Company’s trade accounts receivable and payables approximates the carrying amounts.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The fair value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximates their carrying amount, due to the short maturity of the cash equivalents.
Equity Securities
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we held $8.6 million and $17.1 million in equity securities of ordinary shares, respectively, which are reported as “Other assets” in our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. These equity securities are the result of PENN Interactive entering into multi-year agreements with third-party online sports betting and/or iCasino operators for online sports betting and iCasino market access across our portfolio.
We recognized unrealized holding losses of $11.6 million and $10.8 million related to these equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and unrealized holding losses of $8.5 million and $66.4 million
for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are included in “Other,” as reported in “Other income (expenses)” within our unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations.
As of September 30, 2023, the fair value of the equity securities was determined using Level 1 inputs, which use market approach valuation techniques. The primary inputs to those techniques include the quoted market price of the equity securities and foreign currency exchange rates.
As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the equity securities was determined using Level 2 inputs, which use market approach valuation techniques. The primary inputs to those techniques include the quoted market price of the equity securities, foreign currency exchange rates, a discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”) with respect to the ordinary shares. The DLOM was based on the remaining term of the relevant lock-up periods and the volatility associated with the underlying equity securities.
Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
The Company acquired 12.0% secured convertible notes on April 7, 2023 for $20.0 million, due on the third-year anniversary of the date of issuance, which are reported in “Other assets” in our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. The terms contain optional and mandatory conversion provisions pursuant to which we will receive common stock upon conversion. As of September 30, 2023, the fair value of the convertible notes approximates the transaction price, as such we did not record any unrealized gains or losses to “Other comprehensive income (loss)” within our unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
The fair value of the convertible notes was determined using a binomial lattice model and is categorized as a Level 3 measurement.
Held-to-Maturity Securities and Promissory Notes
We have a management contract with Retama Development Corporation (“RDC”), a local government corporation of the City of Selma, Texas, to manage the day-to-day operations of Retama Park Racetrack, located outside of San Antonio, Texas. In addition, we own 1.0% of the equity of Retama Nominal Holder, LLC, which holds a nominal interest in the racing license used to operate Retama Park Racetrack, and a 75.5% interest in Pinnacle Retama Partners, LLC (“PRP”), which owns the contingent gaming rights that may arise if gaming under the existing racing license becomes legal in Texas in the future.
As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, PRP held $7.9 million in promissory notes issued by RDC and $6.7 million in local government corporation bonds issued by RDC, at amortized cost. The promissory notes and the local government corporation bonds are collateralized by the assets of Retama Park Racetrack. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the promissory notes and the local government corporation bonds were included in “Other assets” within our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The contractual terms of these promissory notes include interest payments due at maturity; however, we have not recorded accrued interest on these promissory notes because uncertainty exists as to RDC’s ability to make interest payments. We have the positive intent and ability to hold the local government corporation bonds to maturity and until the amortized cost is recovered. The estimated fair values of such investments are principally based on appraised values of the land associated with Retama Park Racetrack, which are classified as Level 2 inputs.
Long-term Debt
The fair value of our Amended Term Loan A Facility, Amended Term Loan B Facility, 5.625% Notes, 4.125% Notes, and the Convertible Notes is estimated based on quoted prices in active markets and is classified as a Level 1 measurement.
Other long-term obligations as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 included a financing arrangement entered in February of 2021, the relocation fees for Dayton and Mahoning Valley, and the repayment obligation of the hotel and event center located near Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg. See Note 8, “Long-term Debt” for details. The fair values of the Dayton and Mahoning Valley relocation fees and the Lawrenceburg repayment obligation are estimated based on rates consistent with the Company’s credit rating for comparable terms and debt instruments and are classified as Level 2 measurements.
Additionally, in February 2021, we entered into a third-party financing arrangement providing the Company with upfront cash proceeds while permitting us to participate in future proceeds on certain claims. The financing obligation has been classified as a non-current liability and the fair value of the financing obligation is based on what we expect to be settled in a future period of which the principal is contingent and predicated on other events, plus accreted period non-cash interest using an effective interest rate of 27.0% until the claims and related obligation is settled. The financing obligation has been classified as
a Level 3 measurement and is included within our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets in “Long-term debt, net of current maturities, debt discount and debt issuance costs.” See Note 8, “Long-term Debt.”
Other Liabilities
Other liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 includes contingent purchase price liabilities related to Plainridge Park Casino and Hitpoint, of which Hitpoint was acquired on May 11, 2021. The Hitpoint contingent purchase price liability is payable in installments up to a maximum of $1.0 million in the form of cash and equity, on the first three anniversaries of the acquisition close date and is based on the achievement of mutual goals established by the Company and Hitpoint. As of September 30, 2023, there is one annual achievement period remaining. The Plainridge Park Casino contingent purchase price liability is calculated based on earnings of the gaming operations over the first ten years of operations, which commenced on June 24, 2015. As of September 30, 2023, we were contractually obligated to make two additional annual payments. The fair value of the Plainridge Park Casino contingent purchase price liability is estimated based on an income approach using a discounted cash flow model. These contingent purchase price liabilities have been classified as a Level 3 measurement and are included within our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” or “Other long-term liabilities,” depending on the timing of the next payment.
Additionally, Other liabilities as of September 30, 2023, includes the $70.0 million indemnification as described in Note 6, “Acquisitions and Dispositions.” The indemnification liabilities were recorded at September 30, 2023, in “Other long-term liabilities” within our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets and have been classified as a Level 3 measurement. Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the indemnification include the expected tax rate and the probability of potential outcomes based on valuation methods that utilize unobservable inputs that are significant to the overall fair value as of September 30, 2023. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment.
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values by input level of the Company’s financial instruments were as follows:
September 30, 2023
(in millions)Carrying AmountFair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$1,317.9 $1,317.9 $1,317.9 $— $— 
Equity securities$8.6 $8.6 $8.6 $— $— 
Available-for-sale debt securities$20.0 $20.0 $— $— $20.0 
Held-to-maturity securities$6.7 $6.7 $— $6.7 $— 
Promissory notes$7.9 $7.9 $— $7.9 $— 
Financial liabilities:
Long-term debt
Amended Credit Facilities$1,479.7 $1,495.5 $1,495.5 $— $— 
5.625% Notes
$399.7 $372.0 $372.0 $— $— 
4.125% Notes
$394.5 $322.0 $322.0 $— $— 
Convertible Notes$325.6 $400.7 $400.7 $— $— 
Other long-term obligations$172.6 $171.3 $— $27.1 $144.2 
Other liabilities$78.9 $78.8 $— $2.7 $76.1 
December 31, 2022
(in millions)Carrying AmountFair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$1,624.0 $1,624.0 $1,624.0 $— $— 
Equity securities$17.1 $17.1 $— $17.1 $— 
Held-to-maturity securities$6.7 $6.7 $— $6.7 $— 
Promissory notes$7.9 $7.9 $— $7.9 $— 
Financial liabilities:
Long-term debt
Amended Credit Facilities$1,503.6 $1,514.7 $1,514.7 $— $— 
5.625% Notes
$399.7 $371.0 $371.0 $— $— 
4.125% Notes
$393.8 $327.0 $327.0 $— $— 
Convertible Notes$324.3 $550.8 $550.8 $— $— 
Other long-term obligations$156.1 $154.4 $— $36.4 $118.0 
Other liabilities$9.9 $9.6 $— $2.4 $7.2 
Puts and calls related to certain Barstool shares$0.4 $0.4 $0.4 $— 
The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis:
(in millions)Other Assets and Liabilities
Balance as of January 1, 2023$125.2 
Additions90.0 
Interest26.1 
Payment installments(2.8)
Included in earnings (1)
1.8 
Balance as of September 30, 2023
$240.3 
(1)The expense is included in “General and administrative” within our unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table summarizes the significant unobservable inputs used in calculating fair value for our Level 3 assets and liabilities on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023:
 Valuation TechniqueUnobservable InputDiscount Rate
Available-for-sale debt securitiesDiscounted cash flowDiscount rate35.0 %
Other long-term obligationDiscounted cash flowDiscount rate27.0 %
Contingent purchase price - Plainridge Park CasinoDiscounted cash flowDiscount rate8.1 %