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Stockholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stockholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation Stockholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation
Common Stock Offerings
On May 14, 2020, the Company completed a public offering of 16,666,667 shares of Penn Common Stock and on May 19, 2020, the underwriters exercised their right to purchase an additional 2,500,000 shares of Penn Common Stock, resulting in an aggregate public offering of 19,166,667 shares of Penn Common Stock. All of the shares were issued at a public offering price of $18.00 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of $345.0 million, and net proceeds of $331.2 million after underwriter fees and discounts of $13.8 million.
On September 24, 2020, the Company completed a public offering of 14,000,000 shares of Penn Common Stock and on September 25, 2020, the underwriters exercised their right to purchase an additional 2,100,000 shares of Penn Common Stock, resulting in an aggregate public offering of 16,100,000 shares of Penn Common Stock. All of the shares were issued at a public offering price of $61.00 per share, resulting in gross proceeds of $982.1 million, and net proceeds of $957.6 million after underwriter fees and discounts of $24.5 million.
2018 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan
The Company’s 2018 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended (the “2018 Plan”) permits it to issue stock options (incentive and/or non-qualified), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), RSAs, phantom stock units (“PSUs”) and other equity and cash awards to employees. Non-employee directors and the chairman emeritus are eligible to receive all such awards, other than incentive stock options. Pursuant to the 2018 Plan, 12,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock are reserved for issuance. For purposes of determining the number of shares available for issuance under the 2018 Plan, stock options and SARs (except cash-settled SARs) count against the 12,700,000 limit as one share of common stock for each share granted and restricted stock or any other full value stock award count as issuing 2.30 shares of common stock for each share granted. Any awards that are not settled in shares of common stock are not counted against the share limit. As of September 30, 2020, there were 7,592,306 shares available for future grants under the 2018 Plan.
Performance Share Program
In February 2019, the Company’s Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors adopted a performance share program (the “Performance Share Program II”) pursuant to the 2018 Plan. An aggregate of 107,297 RSAs with performance-based vesting conditions, at target, was granted in February 2020 under the Performance Share Program II, with the grant having a three-year award period consisting of three one-year performance periods and a three-year service period. The performance threshold for vesting of these awards is 50% of target and, based on the level of achievement, up to 150% of target.
Stock Options
The Company granted 0.6 million and 2.4 million stock options during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Stock-based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense, which pertains principally to our stock options and RSAs, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $2.8 million and $11.7 million, respectively, as compared to $3.7 million and $10.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and is included within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) under “General and administrative.”
Stock Appreciation Rights
Our outstanding SARs are accounted for as liability awards since they will be settled in cash and vest over a period of four years. The fair value of cash-settled SARs is calculated each reporting period and estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company has a liability, which is included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, associated with its cash-settled SARs of $43.9 million and $14.4 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
For SARs held by employees of the Company, there was $60.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost as of September 30, 2020 that will be recognized over the awards remaining weighted-average vesting period of 2.8 years. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized a charge to compensation expense of $37.8 million and $50.0 million, respectively, associated with these awards, as compared to a reduction to compensation expense of $0.5
million and a charge to compensation expense of $2.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Compensation expense associated with our SARs is recorded in “General and administrative” within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We paid $22.8 million and $2.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, related to cash-settled SARs.
Phantom Stock Units
Our outstanding PSUs entitle employees, non-employee, and the chairman emeritus to receive cash based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the vesting date. Our PSUs vest over a period of three or four years. The cash-settled PSUs are accounted for as liability awards and are re-measured at fair value each reporting period until they become vested with compensation expense being recognized over the requisite service period. The Company has a liability, which is included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, associated with its cash-settled PSUs of $6.1 million and $3.3 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
For PSUs held by employees, non-employee directors, and the chairman emeritus of the Company, there was $15.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost as of September 30, 2020 that will be recognized over the awards remaining weighted-average vesting period of 2.5 years. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized $5.3 million and $7.3 million of compensation expense, respectively, associated with these awards, as compared to $0.5 million and $2.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Compensation expense associated with our PSUs is recorded in “General and administrative” within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We paid $4.5 million and $2.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, pertaining to cash-settled PSUs.
Share Repurchase Program
In January 2019, the Company announced a share repurchase program pursuant to which the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $200.0 million of the Company’s common stock, which expires on December 31, 2020. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 1,271,823 shares of its common stock in open market transactions for $24.9 million at an average price of $19.55 per share. All of the repurchased shares were retired.