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Stock-Based Compensation
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation
2018 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan
The Company’s 2018 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2018 Plan”) permits it to issue stock options (incentive and/or non-qualified), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), phantom stock units (“PSUs”) and other equity and cash awards to employees. Non-employee directors are eligible to receive all such awards, other than incentive stock options. Pursuant to the 2018 Plan, 12,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock are reserved for issuance. For purposes of determining the number of shares available for issuance under the 2018 Plan, stock options and SARs (except cash-settled SARs) count against the 12,700,000 limit as one share of common stock for each share granted and restricted stock or any other full value stock award count as issuing 2.30 shares of common stock for each share granted. Any awards that are not settled in shares of common stock are not counted against the limit. As of March 31, 2020, there were 7,547,999 shares available for future grants under the 2018 Plan.
Performance Share Program
In February 2019, the Company’s Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors adopted a performance share program (the “Performance Share Program II”) pursuant to the 2018 Plan. An aggregate of 107,297 RSAs with performance-
based vesting conditions, at target, was granted in February 2020 under the Performance Share Program II, with the grant having a three-year award period consisting of three one-year performance periods and a three-year service period. The performance threshold for vesting of these awards is 50% of target and, based on the level of achievement, up to 150% of target.
Stock Options
The Company granted 635,932 and 1,307,015 stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Stock-based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense, which pertains principally to our stock options and RSAs, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $6.0 million and $3.4 million, respectively, and is included within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations under “General and administrative.”
Stock Appreciation Rights
Our SARs, which vest over a period of four years, are accounted for as liability awards since they will be settled in cash. The fair value of cash-settled SARs is calculated each reporting period and estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company has a liability, which is included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, associated with its cash-settled SARs of $1.9 million and $14.4 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
For SARs held by employees of the Company, there was $5.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost as of March 31, 2020 that will be recognized over the awards remaining weighted average vesting period of 3.2 years. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized a reduction to compensation expense of $5.5 million associated with these awards compared to a charge to compensation expense of $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Compensation expense associated with our SARs is recorded in “General and administrative” within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We paid $6.6 million and $1.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, pertaining to our cash-settled SARs.
Phantom Stock Units
Our PSUs, which vest over a period of three to four years, entitle employees and directors to receive cash based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the vesting date. The cash-settled PSUs are accounted for as liability awards and are re-measured at fair value each reporting period until they become vested with compensation expense being recognized over the requisite service period. The Company has a liability, which is included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, associated with its cash-settled PSUs of $0.8 million and $3.3 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
For PSUs held by employees and directors of the Company, there was $1.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost as of March 31, 2020 that will be recognized over the awards remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.9 years. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $0.1 million and $1.1 million of compensation expense, respectively, associated with these awards. Compensation expense associated with our PSUs is recorded in “General and administrative” within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We paid $2.8 million and $2.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, pertaining to our cash-settled PSUs.
Share Repurchase Program
In January 2019, the Company announced a share repurchase program pursuant to which the Board of Directors authorized to repurchase up to $200.0 million of the Company’s common stock, which expires on December 31, 2020. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019.