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RETIREMENT BENEFITS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT BENEFITSThe Southern Company system has a qualified defined benefit, trusteed pension plan covering substantially all employees, with the exception of PowerSecure employees. The qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). No contributions to the qualified pension plan were made for the year ended December 31, 2022 and no mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2023. The Southern Company system also provides certain non-qualified defined benefits for a select group of management and highly compensated employees, which are funded on a cash basis. In addition, the Southern Company system provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through other postretirement benefit plans. The traditional electric operating companies fund other postretirement trusts to the extent required by their respective regulatory commissions. Southern Company Gas has a separate unfunded supplemental retirement health care plan that provides medical care and life insurance benefits to employees of discontinued businesses. For the year ending December 31, 2023, no contributions to any other postretirement trusts are expected.
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the following year and the benefit obligations as of the measurement date are presented below.
2022
Assumptions used to determine net
periodic costs:
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
Pension plans
Discount rate – benefit obligations3.09 %3.12 %3.07 %3.07 %3.21 %3.04 %
Discount rate – interest costs2.55 2.58 2.51 2.54 2.79 2.53 
Discount rate – service costs3.34 3.36 3.37 3.35 3.36 3.21 
Expected long-term return on plan assets8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 
Annual salary increase4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 
Other postretirement benefit plans
Discount rate – benefit obligations2.90 %2.95 %2.87 %2.88 %3.07 %2.82 %
Discount rate – interest costs2.32 2.38 2.30 2.27 2.55 2.17 
Discount rate – service costs3.26 3.30 3.27 3.26 3.25 3.22 
Expected long-term return on plan assets7.21 7.54 6.88 7.22  6.08 
Annual salary increase4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 
2021
Assumptions used to determine net
periodic costs:
Southern CompanyAlabama
Power
Georgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
Pension plans
Discount rate – benefit obligations2.81 %2.85 %2.79 %2.80 %2.99 %2.75 %
Discount rate – interest costs2.13 2.17 2.09 2.12 2.46 2.10 
Discount rate – service costs3.18 3.23 3.21 3.20 3.22 2.97 
Expected long-term return on plan assets8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 
Annual salary increase4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 
Other postretirement benefit plans
Discount rate – benefit obligations2.56 %2.63 %2.52 %2.53 %2.78 %2.46 %
Discount rate – interest costs1.84 1.91 1.82 1.78 2.12 1.64 
Discount rate – service costs3.07 3.13 3.08 3.06 3.05 3.01 
Expected long-term return on plan assets7.09 7.18 6.84 6.98 — 6.54 
Annual salary increase4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 
2020
Assumptions used to determine net periodic costs:Southern CompanyAlabama
Power
Georgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
Pension plans
Discount rate – benefit obligations3.41 %3.44 %3.40 %3.41 %3.52 %3.39 %
Discount rate – interest costs2.99 3.01 2.96 2.99 3.18 2.99 
Discount rate – service costs3.66 3.69 3.67 3.67 3.70 3.53 
Expected long-term return on plan assets8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25 
Annual salary increase4.73 4.73 4.73 4.73 4.73 4.73 
Other postretirement benefit plans
Discount rate – benefit obligations3.24 %3.28 %3.22 %3.22 %3.39 %3.19 %
Discount rate – interest costs2.80 2.84 2.79 2.76 2.97 2.71 
Discount rate – service costs3.57 3.61 3.57 3.57 3.57 3.52 
Expected long-term return on plan assets7.25 7.36 7.05 7.07 — 6.69 
Annual salary increase4.73 4.73 4.73 4.73 4.73 4.73 
2022
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia PowerMississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
Pension plans
Discount rate5.25 %5.26 %5.25 %5.25 %5.31 %5.24 %
Annual salary increase4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 
Other postretirement benefit plans
Discount rate5.18 %5.20 %5.17 %5.17 %5.24 %5.16 %
Annual salary increase4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 
2021
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia PowerMississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
Pension plans
Discount rate3.09 %3.12 %3.07 %3.07 %3.21 %3.04 %
Annual salary increase4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 
Other postretirement benefit plans
Discount rate2.90 %2.95 %2.87 %2.88 %3.07 %2.82 %
Annual salary increase4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 
The Registrants estimate the expected rate of return on pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets using a financial model to project the expected return on each current investment portfolio. The analysis projects an expected rate of return on each of the different asset classes in order to arrive at the expected return on the entire portfolio relying on each trust's target asset allocation and reasonable capital market assumptions. The financial model is based on four key inputs: anticipated returns by asset class (based in part on historical returns), each trust's target asset allocation, an anticipated inflation rate, and the projected impact of a periodic rebalancing of each trust's portfolio. The Registrants set the expected rate of return assumption using an arithmetic mean which represents the expected simple average return to be earned by the pension plan assets over any one year. The Registrants believe the use of the arithmetic mean is more compatible with the expected rate of return's function of estimating a single year's investment return.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO for the Registrants at December 31, 2022 were as follows:
Initial Cost Trend RateUltimate Cost Trend RateYear That Ultimate Rate is Reached
Pre-656.60 %4.50 %2030
Post-65 medical5.50 4.50 2030
Post-65 prescription7.50 4.50 2031
Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was as follows:
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia PowerMississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
December 31, 2022$11,422 $2,601 $3,534 $520 $135 $801 
December 31, 202114,687 3,362 4,562 672 178 1,030 
Actuarial gains of $3.9 billion and $393 million were recorded for the annual remeasurement of the Southern Company system pension plans at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily due to increases of 216 basis points and 28 basis points, respectively, in the overall discount rate used to calculate the benefit obligation as a result of higher market interest rates.
Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
2022
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$16,382 $3,806 $5,012 $743 $222 $1,134 
Service cost412 99 103 17 9 34 
Interest cost408 96 123 18 6 28 
Benefits paid(692)(144)(226)(30)(5)(75)
Actuarial gain(3,908)(951)(1,161)(179)(69)(253)
Balance at end of year12,602 2,906 3,851 569 163 868 
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year17,225 4,141 5,415 786 213 1,241 
Actual loss on plan assets(2,376)(579)(753)(110)(31)(167)
Employer contributions61 9 20 3 1 3 
Benefits paid(692)(144)(226)(30)(5)(75)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year14,218 3,427 4,456 649 178 1,002 
Accrued asset$1,616 $521 $605 $80 $15 $134 
2021
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$16,646 $3,854 $5,127 $754 $217 $1,189 
Service cost434 102 112 18 10 37 
Interest cost346 82 104 16 24 
Benefits paid(651)(137)(210)(28)(4)(73)
Actuarial gain(393)(95)(121)(17)(6)(43)
Balance at end of year16,382 3,806 5,012 743 222 1,134 
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year15,367 3,684 4,844 701 186 1,123 
Actual return on plan assets2,449 586 781 111 30 181 
Employer contributions60 — 10 
Benefits paid(651)(137)(210)(28)(4)(73)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year17,225 4,141 5,415 786 213 1,241 
Accrued asset (liability)$843 $335 $403 $43 $(9)$107 
The projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans at December 31, 2022 are shown in the following table. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plan.
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia PowerMississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
Projected benefit obligations:
Qualified pension plan$11,928 $2,799 $3,717 $540 $140 $819 
Non-qualified pension plan674 107 134 28 23 49 
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 related to the Registrants' pension plans consist of the following:
Southern
Company
Alabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
December 31, 2022:
Prepaid pension costs(a)
$2,290 $629 $738 $108 $37 $183 
Other regulatory assets, deferred(b)
2,455 679 887 123  111 
Other current liabilities(56)(10)(12)(2)(2)(3)
Employee benefit obligations(c)
(618)(98)(121)(26)(20)(42)
Other regulatory liabilities, deferred(85)     
AOCI24    11 (75)
December 31, 2021:
Prepaid pension costs(a)
$1,657 $464 $563 $78 $20 $175 
Other regulatory assets, deferred(b)
2,920 809 971 146 — 91 
Other current liabilities(55)(9)(12)(2)(2)(2)
Employee benefit obligations(c)
(759)(120)(148)(33)(27)(66)
Other regulatory liabilities, deferred(119)  — — — 
AOCI100   — 35 (45)
(a)Included in prepaid pension and other postretirement benefit costs on Alabama Power's balance sheet and other deferred charges and assets on Southern Power's consolidated balance sheet.
(b)Amounts for Southern Company exclude regulatory assets of $190 million and $210 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, associated with unamortized amounts in Southern Company Gas' pension plans prior to its acquisition by Southern Company.
(c)Included in other deferred credits and liabilities on Southern Power's consolidated balance sheets.
Presented below are the amounts included in regulatory assets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 related to the portion of the defined benefit pension plan attributable to Southern Company, the traditional electric operating companies, and Southern Company Gas that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost.
Southern
Company
Alabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2022
Regulatory assets:
Prior service cost$10 $4 $7 $1 $(9)
Net loss2,361 675 880 122 66 
Regulatory amortization    54 
Total regulatory assets(*)
$2,371 $679 $887 $123 $111 
Balance at December 31, 2021
Regulatory assets:
Prior service cost$11 $$$$(11)
Net loss2,790 804 963 145 38 
Regulatory amortization— — — — 64 
Total regulatory assets(*)
$2,801 $809 $971 $146 $91 
(*)Amounts for Southern Company exclude regulatory assets of $190 million and $210 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, associated with unamortized amounts in Southern Company Gas' pension plans prior to its acquisition by Southern Company.
The changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the portion of the defined benefit pension plan attributable to Southern Company, the traditional electric operating companies, and Southern Company Gas for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented in the following table:
Southern
Company
Alabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
Regulatory assets (liabilities):(*)
Balance at December 31, 2020$4,621 $1,286 $1,598 $235 $205 
Net gain(1,523)(394)(527)(74)(97)
Reclassification adjustments:
Amortization of prior service costs(1)(1)(1)— 
Amortization of net loss(296)(82)(99)(15)(9)
Amortization of regulatory assets(*)
— — — — (10)
Total reclassification adjustments(297)(83)(100)(15)(17)
Total change(1,820)(477)(627)(89)(114)
Balance at December 31, 2021$2,801 $809 $971 $146 $91 
Net (gain) loss(183)(67)(9)(12)27 
Reclassification adjustments:
Amortization of prior service costs(1)(1)(1) 2 
Amortization of net gain (loss)(246)(62)(74)(11)1 
Amortization of regulatory assets(*)
    (10)
Total reclassification adjustments(247)(63)(75)(11)(7)
Total change(430)(130)(84)(23)20 
Balance at December 31, 2022$2,371 $679 $887 $123 $111 
(*)Amounts for Southern Company exclude regulatory assets of $190 million and $210 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, associated with unamortized amounts in Southern Company Gas' pension plans prior to its acquisition by Southern Company.
Presented below are the amounts included in AOCI at December 31, 2022 and 2021 related to the portion of the defined benefit pension plan attributable to Southern Company, Southern Power, and Southern Company Gas that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost.
Southern
Company
Southern
Power
Southern Company
Gas
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2022
AOCI:
Prior service cost$(2)$ $(3)
Net (gain) loss26 11 (72)
Total AOCI$24 $11 $(75)
Balance at December 31, 2021
AOCI:
Prior service cost$(2)$— $(3)
Net (gain) loss102 35 (42)
Total AOCI$100 $35 $(45)
The components of OCI related to the portion of the defined benefit pension plan attributable to Southern Company, Southern Power, and Southern Company Gas for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented in the following table:
Southern CompanySouthern
Power
Southern Company
Gas
(in millions)
AOCI:
Balance at December 31, 2020$245 $60 $
Net gain(128)(22)(47)
Reclassification adjustments:
Amortization of net gain (loss)(17)(3)
Total change(145)(25)(46)
Balance at December 31, 2021$100 $35 $(45)
Net gain(82)(22)(30)
Reclassification adjustments:
Amortization of net gain (loss)6 (2) 
Total reclassification adjustments6 (2) 
Total change(76)(24)(30)
Balance at December 31, 2022$24 $11 $(75)
Components of net periodic pension cost for the Registrants were as follows:
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
2022
Service cost$412 $99 $103 $17 $9 $34 
Interest cost408 96 123 18 6 28 
Expected return on plan assets(1,265)(306)(399)(57)(15)(91)
Recognized net loss240 62 75 11 2 8 
Net amortization 1 1   15 
Prior service cost— — — — — (3)
Net periodic pension cost (income)$(205)$(48)$(97)$(11)$2 $(9)
2021
Service cost$434 $102 $112 $18 $10 $37 
Interest cost346 82 104 16 24 
Expected return on plan assets(1,191)(287)(375)(55)(14)(86)
Recognized net loss314 82 100 15 13 
Net amortization— — 15 
Prior service cost— — — — — (3)
Net periodic pension cost (income)$(96)$(20)$(58)$(6)$$— 
2020
Service cost$376 $89 $96 $15 $$33 
Interest cost432 100 133 20 31 
Expected return on plan assets(1,100)(264)(347)(51)(13)(75)
Recognized net loss269 71 86 13 
Net amortization— — 15 
Prior service cost— — — — — (3)
Net periodic pension cost (income)$(22)$(3)$(31)$(3)$$
The service cost component of net periodic pension cost is included in operations and maintenance expenses and all other components of net periodic pension cost are included in other income (expense), net in the Registrants' statements of income.
Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. In determining the market-related value of plan assets, the Registrants have elected to amortize changes in the market value of return-seeking plan assets over five years and to recognize the changes in the market value of liability-hedging plan assets immediately. Given the significant concentration in return-seeking plan assets, the accounting value of plan assets that is used to calculate the expected return on plan assets differs from the current fair value of the plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2022, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
Benefit Payments:
2023$734 $155 $230 $32 $$83 
2024735 160 236 33 57 
2025760 167 243 34 58 
2026784 173 248 35 60 
2027806 178 252 36 61 
2028 to 20324,262 952 1,304 192 43 323 
Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and the fair value of the Registrants' plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
2022
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$1,849 $440 $656 $76 $11 $237 
Service cost23 6 6 1  1 
Interest cost42 10 15 2  5 
Benefits paid(109)(23)(38)(4)(1)(18)
Actuarial gain(365)(89)(125)(16)(1)(46)
Retiree drug subsidy1      
Balance at end of year1,441 344 514 59 9 179 
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year1,251 489 450 29  143 
Actual loss on plan assets(218)(98)(71)(4) (25)
Employer contributions73 4 27 3 1 13 
Benefits paid(108)(23)(38)(4)(1)(18)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year998 372 368 24  113 
Accrued asset (liability)$(443)$28 $(146)$(35)$(9)$(66)
2021
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$1,948 $463 $699 $81 $12 $248 
Service cost24 — 
Interest cost35 12 — 
Benefits paid(105)(22)(36)(5)— (18)
Actuarial (gain) loss(54)(16)(26)(2)(1)
Retiree drug subsidy— — — — — 
Balance at end of year1,849 440 656 76 11 237 
Change in plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year1,158 458 427 27 — 128 
Actual return on plan assets154 55 55 — 18 
Employer contributions43 (2)— 15 
Benefits paid(104)(22)(36)(5)— (18)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year1,251 489 450 29 — 143 
Accrued asset (liability)$(598)$49 $(206)$(47)$(11)$(94)
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 related to the Registrants' other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern
Power
Southern Company Gas
(in millions)
December 31, 2022:
Prepaid other postretirement benefit costs(a)
$ $28 $ $ $ $ 
Other regulatory assets, deferred(b)
34  19    
Other current liabilities(6)   (1) 
Employee benefit obligations(c)
(437) (146)(35)(8)(66)
Other regulatory liabilities, deferred(170)(21)(58)(9) (58)
AOCI(4)    (2)
December 31, 2021:
Prepaid other postretirement benefit costs(a)
$— $49 $— $— $— $— 
Other regulatory assets, deferred(b)
97 — 30 — — 
Other current liabilities(5)— — — — — 
Employee benefit obligations(c)
(593)— (206)(47)(11)(94)
Other regulatory liabilities, deferred(171)(62)(40)(1)— (34)
AOCI— — — — (5)
(a)Included in prepaid pension and other postretirement benefit costs on Alabama Power's balance sheet.
(b)Amounts for Southern Company exclude regulatory assets of $32 million and $40 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, associated with unamortized amounts in Southern Company Gas' other postretirement benefit plans prior to its acquisition by Southern Company.
(c)Included in other deferred credits and liabilities on Southern Power's consolidated balance sheets.
Presented below are the amounts included in net regulatory assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2022 and 2021 related to the other postretirement benefit plans of Southern Company, the traditional electric operating companies, and Southern Company Gas that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost.
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2022:
Regulatory assets (liabilities):
Prior service cost$14 $4 $6 $1 $1 
Net gain(150)(25)(45)(10)(64)
Regulatory amortization    5 
Total regulatory assets (liabilities)(*)
$(136)$(21)$(39)$(9)$(58)
Balance at December 31, 2021:
Regulatory assets (liabilities):
Prior service cost$13 $$$$
Net gain(87)(65)(15)— (51)
Regulatory amortization— — — — 16 
Total regulatory assets (liabilities)(*)
$(74)$(62)$(10)$$(34)
(*)Amounts for Southern Company exclude regulatory assets of $32 million and $40 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, associated with unamortized amounts in Southern Company Gas' other postretirement benefit plans prior to its acquisition by Southern Company.
The changes in the balance of net regulatory assets (liabilities) related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented in the following table:
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
Net regulatory assets (liabilities):(*)
Balance at December 31, 2020$51 $(21)$47 $$(23)
Net gain(120)(41)(55)(4)(2)
Reclassification adjustments:
Amortization of prior service costs— — — 
Amortization of net loss(6)— (3)— — 
Amortization of regulatory assets(*)
— — — — (9)
Total reclassification adjustments(5)— (2)— (9)
Total change(125)(41)(57)(4)(11)
Balance at December 31, 2021$(74)$(62)$(10)$$(34)
Net (gain) loss(64)41 (27)(10)(13)
Reclassification adjustments:
Amortization of prior service costs— — — — 
Amortization of net gain (loss)— (2)— — 
Amortization of regulatory assets(*)
— — — — (11)
Total reclassification adjustments— (2)— (11)
Total change(62)41 (29)(10)(24)
Balance at December 31, 2022$(136)$(21)$(39)$(9)$(58)
(*)Amounts for Southern Company exclude regulatory assets of $32 million and $40 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, associated with unamortized amounts in Southern Company Gas' other postretirement benefit plans prior to its acquisition by Southern Company.
Presented below are the amounts included in AOCI at December 31, 2022 and 2021 related to the other postretirement benefit plans of Southern Company, Southern Power, and Southern Company Gas that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost.
Southern
Company
Southern
Power
Southern Company
Gas
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2022
AOCI:
Prior service cost$1 $ $ 
Net (gain) loss(5) (2)
Total AOCI$(4)$ $(2)
Balance at December 31, 2021
AOCI:
Prior service cost$$— $
Net (gain) loss(1)(6)
Total AOCI$— $$(5)
The components of OCI related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented in the following table:
Southern CompanySouthern
Power
Southern Company Gas
(in millions)
AOCI:
Balance at December 31, 2020$$$— 
Net gain(11)(1)— 
Reclassification adjustments:
Amortization of net gain (loss)— (5)
Total change(8)(1)(5)
Balance at December 31, 2021$— $$(5)
Net gain(3)(2)— 
Reclassification adjustments:
Amortization of net gain (loss)(1)— 
Total change(4)(2)
Balance at December 31, 2022$(4)$— $(2)
Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost for the Registrants were as follows:
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
2022
Service cost$23 $6 $6 $1 $ $1 
Interest cost42 10 15 2  5 
Expected return on plan assets(80)(32)(28)(2)1 (9)
Net amortization(1) 2   6 
Net periodic postretirement benefit cost (income)$(16)$(16)$(5)$1 $1 $3 
2021
Service cost$24 $$$$— $
Interest cost35 12 — 
Expected return on plan assets(76)(30)(26)(1)(10)
Net amortization— — — 
Net periodic postretirement benefit cost (income)$(15)$(15)$(5)$$$
2020
Service cost$22 $$$$$
Interest cost54 13 20 — 
Expected return on plan assets(72)(29)(26)(1)— (10)
Net amortization— — — 
Net periodic postretirement benefit cost (income)$$(10)$$$$
The service cost component of net periodic postretirement benefit cost is included in operations and maintenance expenses and all other components of net periodic postretirement benefit cost are included in other income (expense), net in the Registrants' statements of income.
The Registrants' future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, are provided in the table below. These amounts reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans.
Southern CompanyAlabama PowerGeorgia
Power
Mississippi PowerSouthern PowerSouthern Company Gas
(in millions)
Benefit payments:
2023$115 $25 $41 $$$18 
2024110 24 39 17 
2025114 26 41 17 
2026113 26 41 16 
2027113 26 41 16 
2028 to 2032551 130 199 22 68 
Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code. The Registrants' investment policies for both the pension plans and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets as described below. Derivative instruments may be used to gain efficient exposure to the various asset classes and as hedging tools. Additionally, the Registrants minimize the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitor and manage other aspects of risk.
The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Southern Company system's qualified pension plan is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plan is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Southern Company system employs a formal rebalancing program. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices. Management believes the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
Southern Company's investment strategy also includes adjusting the established asset allocation to invest a larger portion of the portfolio in fixed rate debt securities should the qualified pension plan achieve a predetermined funding threshold, which occurred during 2022.
Investment Strategies and Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values
A description of the major asset classes that the pension and other postretirement benefit plans are comprised of, along with the valuation methods used for fair value measurement, is provided below:
DescriptionValuation Methodology
Domestic equity: A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.

International equity: A mix of large and small capitalization growth and value stocks with developed and emerging markets exposure, managed both actively and through fundamental indexing approaches.
Domestic and international equities such as common stocks, American depositary receipts, and real estate investment trusts that trade on public exchanges are classified as Level 1 investments and are valued at the closing price in the active market. Equity funds with unpublished prices that are comprised of publicly traded securities (such as commingled/pooled funds) are also valued at the closing price in the active market, but are classified as Level 2.
Fixed income: A mix of domestic and international bonds.
Investments in fixed income securities, including fixed income pooled funds, are generally classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on prices reported in the market place. Additionally, the value of fixed income securities takes into consideration certain items such as broker quotes, spreads, yield curves, interest rates, and discount rates that apply to the term of a specific instrument.
Trust-owned life insurance (TOLI): Investments of taxable trusts aimed at minimizing the impact of taxes on the portfolio.
Investments in TOLI policies are classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on the underlying investments held in the policy's separate accounts. The underlying assets are equity and fixed income pooled funds that are comprised of Level 1 and Level 2 securities.
Real estate: Investments in traditional private market, equity-oriented investments in real properties (indirectly through pooled funds or partnerships) and in publicly traded real estate securities.

Special situations: Investments in opportunistic strategies with the objective of diversifying and enhancing returns and exploiting short-term inefficiencies, as well as investments in promising new strategies of a longer-term nature.

Private equity: Investments in private partnerships that invest in private or public securities typically through privately-negotiated and/or structured transactions, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, and distressed debt.
Investments in real estate, special situations, and private equity are generally classified as Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient, since the underlying assets typically do not have publicly available observable inputs. The fund manager values the assets using various inputs and techniques depending on the nature of the underlying investments. Techniques may include purchase multiples for comparable transactions, comparable public company trading multiples, discounted cash flow analysis, prevailing market capitalization rates, recent sales of comparable investments, and independent third-party appraisals. The fair value of partnerships is determined by aggregating the value of the underlying assets less liabilities.
For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate. The fair values presented herein exclude cash, receivables related to investment income and pending investment sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases.
The fair values, and actual allocations relative to the target allocations, of the Southern Company system's pension plans at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented below.
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2022:(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)(NAV)Total
(in millions)
Southern Company
Assets:
Equity:45 %43 %
Domestic equity$2,078 $691 $— $— $2,769 
International equity2,166 1,090 — — 3,256 
Fixed income:30 28 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 1,469 — — 1,469 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities— 29 — — 29 
Corporate bonds— 1,494 — — 1,494 
Pooled funds— 607 — — 607 
Cash equivalents and other399 — — 406 
Real estate investments376 — — 1,887 2,263 13 15 
Special situations— — — 187 187 
Private equity— — — 1,717 1,717 12 
Total$5,019 $5,387 $— $3,791 $14,197 100 %100 %
Liabilities:
Derivatives(4)— — — (4)
Total$5,015 $5,387 $— $3,791 $14,193 100 %100 %
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2022:(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)(NAV)Total
(in millions)
Alabama Power
Assets:
Equity:45 %43 %
Domestic equity$500 $167 $— $— $667 
International equity522 263 — — 785 
Fixed income:30 28 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 354 — — 354 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities— — — 
Corporate bonds— 360 — — 360 
Pooled funds— 146 — — 146 
Cash equivalents and other96 — — 98 
Real estate investments91 — — 455 546 13 15 
Special situations— — — 45 45 
Private equity— — — 414 414 12 
Total$1,209 $1,299 $— $914 $3,422 100 %100 %
Liabilities:
Derivatives(1)— — — (1)
Total$1,208 $1,299 $— $914 $3,421 100 %100 %
Georgia Power
Assets:
Equity:45 %43 %
Domestic equity$651 $217 $— $— $868 
International equity678 342 — — 1,020 
Fixed income:30 28 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 460 — — 460 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities— — — 
Corporate bonds— 468 — — 468 
Pooled funds— 190 — — 190 
Cash equivalents and other125 — — 127 
Real estate investments118 — — 591 709 13 15 
Special situations— — — 59 59 
Private equity— — — 538 538 12 
Total$1,572 $1,688 $— $1,188 $4,448 100 %100 %
Liabilities:
Derivatives(1)— — — (1)
Total$1,571 $1,688 $— $1,188 $4,447 100 %100 %
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2022:(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)(NAV)Total
(in millions)
Mississippi Power
Assets:
Equity:45 %43 %
Domestic equity$95 $32 $— $— $127 
International equity99 50 — — 149 
Fixed income:30 28 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 67 — — 67 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities— — — 
Corporate bonds— 68 — — 68 
Pooled funds— 28 — — 28 
Cash equivalents and other18 — — — 18 
Real estate investments17 — — 86 103 13 15 
Special situations— — — 
Private equity— — — 78 78 12 
Total$229 $246 $— $173 $648 100 %100 %
Southern Power
Assets:
Equity:45 %43 %
Domestic equity$25 $$— $— $34 
International equity27 14 — — 41 
Fixed income:30 28 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 18 — — 18 
Corporate bonds— 19 — — 19 
Pooled funds— — — 
Cash equivalents and other— — — 
Real estate investments— — 24 29 13 15 
Special situations— — — 
Private equity— — — 21 21 12 
Total$62 $68 $— $47 $177 100%100 %
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2022:(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)(NAV)Total
(in millions)
Southern Company Gas
Assets:
Equity:45 %43 %
Domestic equity$146 $49 $— $— $195 
International equity152 77 — — 229 
Fixed income:30 28 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 104 — — 104 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities— — — 
Corporate bonds— 105 — — 105 
Pooled funds— 43 — — 43 
Cash equivalents and other28 — — 29 
Real estate investments27 — — 133 160 13 15 
Special situations— — — 13 13 
Private equity— — — 121 121 12 
Total$353 $381 $— $267 $1,001 100 %100 %
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2021:(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)(NAV)Total
(in millions)
Southern Company
Assets:
Equity:51 %53 %
Domestic equity$3,095 $1,326 $— $— $4,421 
International equity2,740 1,402 — 4,145 
Fixed income:23 22 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 1,209 — — 1,209 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities— 10 — — 10 
Corporate bonds— 1,752 — — 1,752 
Pooled funds— 771 — — 771 
Cash equivalents and other405 — — 412 
Real estate investments706 — — 2,038 2,744 14 15 
Special situations— — — 171 171 
Private equity— — — 1,590 1,590 
Total$6,946 $6,477 $$3,799 $17,225 100 %100 %
Alabama Power
Assets:
Equity:51 %53 %
Domestic equity$743 $319 $— $— $1,062 
International equity659 337 — 997 
Fixed income:23 22 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 291 — — 291 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities— — — 
Corporate bonds— 421 — — 421 
Pooled funds— 186 — — 186 
Cash equivalents and other97 — — 99 
Real estate investments170 — — 490 660 14 15 
Special situations— — — 41 41 
Private equity— — — 382 382 
Total$1,669 $1,558 $$913 $4,141 100 %100 %
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2021:(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)(NAV)Total
(in millions)
Georgia Power
Assets:
Equity:51 %53 %
Domestic equity$972 $417 $— $— $1,389 
International equity861 441 — 1,303 
Fixed income:23 22 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 380 — — 380 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities— — — 
Corporate bonds— 551 — — 551 
Pooled funds— 243 — — 243 
Cash equivalents and other127 — — 129 
Real estate investments222 — — 641 863 14 15 
Special situations— — — 54 54 
Private equity— — — 500 500 
Total$2,182 $2,037 $$1,195 $5,415 100 %100 %
Mississippi Power
Assets:
Equity:51 %53 %
Domestic equity$142 $61 $— $— $203 
International equity126 64 — — 190 
Fixed income:23 22 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 55 — — 55 
Corporate bonds— 80 — — 80 
Pooled funds— 35 — — 35 
Cash equivalents and other18 — — — 18 
Real estate investments32 — — 93 125 14 15 
Special situations— — — 
Private equity— — — 73 73 
Total$318 $295 $— $174 $787 100 %100 %
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2021:(Level 1)(Level 2)(Level 3)(NAV)Total
(in millions)
Southern Power
Assets:
Equity:51 %53 %
Domestic equity$38 $16 $— $— $54 
International equity34 17 — — 51 
Fixed income:23 22 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 15 — — 15 
Corporate bonds— 22 — — 22 
Pooled funds— 10 — — 10 
Cash equivalents and other— — — 
Real estate investments— — 25 34 14 15 
Special situations— — — 
Private equity— — — 20 20 
Total$86 $80 $— $47 $213 100 %100 %
Southern Company Gas
Assets:
Equity:51 %53 %
Domestic equity$223 $96 $— $— $319 
International equity197 101 — — 298 
Fixed income:23 22 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 87 — — 87 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities— — — 
Corporate bonds— 126 — — 126 
Pooled funds— 56 — — 56 
Cash equivalents and other29 — — — 29 
Real estate investments51 — — 147 198 14 15 
Special situations— — — 12 12 
Private equity— — — 115 115 
Total$500 $467 $— $274 $1,241 100 %100 %
The fair values, and actual allocations relative to the target allocations, of the applicable Registrants' other postretirement benefit plan assets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented below.
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTotalTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2022:(Level 1)(Level 2)(NAV)
(in millions)
Southern Company
Assets:
Equity:61 %59 %
Domestic equity$85 $74 $— $159 
International equity58 79 — 137 
Fixed income:30 28 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 43 — 43 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities— — 
Corporate bonds— 40 — 40 
Pooled funds— 79 — 79 
Cash equivalents and other19 — — 19 
Trust-owned life insurance— 406 — 406 
Real estate investments11 — 51 62 
Special situations— — 
Private equity— — 46 46 
Total$173 $722 $103 $998 100 %100 %
Alabama Power
Assets:
Equity:69 %65 %
Domestic equity$17 $$— $23 
International equity18 — 27 
Fixed income:23 23 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 12 — 12 
Corporate bonds— 12 — 12 
Pooled funds— — 
Cash equivalents and other— — 
Trust-owned life insurance— 252 — 252 
Real estate investments— 16 19 
Special situations— — 
Private equity— — 14 14 
Total$41 $298 $32 $371 100 %100 %
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTotalTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2022:(Level 1)(Level 2)(NAV)
(in millions)
Georgia Power
Assets:
Equity:58 %56 %
Domestic equity$46 $$— $52 
International equity17 39 — 56 
Fixed income:35 34 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 10 — 10 
Corporate bonds— 12 — 12 
Pooled funds— 40 — 40 
Cash equivalents and other— — 
Trust-owned life insurance— 154 — 154 
Real estate investments— 15 19 
Special situations— — 
Private equity— — 14 14 
Total$76 $261 $31 $368 100 %100 %
Mississippi Power
Assets:
Equity:37 %35 %
Domestic equity$$$— $
International equity— 
Fixed income:43 41 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— — 
Corporate bonds— — 
Pooled funds— — 
Cash equivalents and other— — 
Real estate investments— 11 12 
Special situations— — — — 
Private equity— — 10 
Total$$10 $$24 100 %100 %
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTotalTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2022:(Level 1)(Level 2)(NAV)
(in millions)
Southern Company Gas
Assets:
Equity:72 %70 %
Domestic equity$$56 $— $58 
International equity20 — 22 
Fixed income:26 27 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— — 
Corporate bonds— — 
Pooled funds— 27 — 27 
Cash equivalents and other— — 
Real estate investments— — 
Private equity— — 
Total$$105 $$113 100 %100 %
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2021:(Level 1)(Level 2)(NAV)Total
(in millions)
Southern Company
Assets:
Equity:64 %66 %
Domestic equity$123 $112 $— $235 
International equity73 99 — 172 
Fixed income:27 25 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 37 — 37 
Corporate bonds— 50 — 50 
Pooled funds— 90 — 90 
Cash equivalents and other14 — — 14 
Trust-owned life insurance— 530 — 530 
Real estate investments20 — 54 74 
Special situations— — — 
Private equity— — 42 42 
Total$230 $918 $101 $1,249 100 %100 %
Alabama Power
Assets:
Equity:71 %69 %
Domestic equity$26 $11 $— $37 
International equity23 12 — 35 
Fixed income:21 21 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— 10 — 10 
Corporate bonds— 18 — 18 
Pooled funds— — 
Cash equivalents and other— — 
Trust-owned life insurance— 341 — 341 
Real estate investments— 17 23 
Special situations— — — 
Private equity— — 13 13 
Total$58 $398 $32 $488 100 %100 %
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2021:(Level 1)(Level 2)(NAV)Total
(in millions)
Georgia Power
Assets:
Equity:60 %62 %
Domestic equity$65 $13 $— $78 
International equity22 50 — 72 
Fixed income:33 30 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— — 
Corporate bonds— 14 — 14 
Pooled funds— 46 — 46 
Cash equivalents and other— — 
Trust-owned life insurance— 189 — 189 
Real estate investments— 16 23 
Special situations— — — 
Private equity— — 13 13 
Total$99 $321 $30 $450 100 %100 %
Mississippi Power
Assets:
Equity:43 %44 %
Domestic equity$$$— $
International equity— 
Fixed income:36 34 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— — 
Corporate bonds— — 
Pooled funds— — 
Cash equivalents and other— — 
Real estate investments— 11 13 
Special situations— — — — 
Private equity— — 
Total$10 $12 $$27 100 %100 %
Fair Value Measurements Using
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical AssetsSignificant
Other
Observable
Inputs
Net Asset Value as a Practical ExpedientTarget AllocationActual Allocation
At December 31, 2021:(Level 1)(Level 2)(NAV)Total
(in millions)
Southern Company Gas
Assets:
Equity:72 %73 %
Domestic equity$$76 $— $79 
International equity24 — 26 
Fixed income:26 24 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds— — 
Corporate bonds— — 
Pooled funds— 30 — 30 
Cash equivalents and other— — 
Real estate investments— 
Private equity— — 
Total$$132 $$143 100 %100 %
Employee Savings Plan
Southern Company and its subsidiaries also sponsor 401(k) defined contribution plans covering substantially all employees and provide matching contributions up to specified percentages of an employee's eligible pay. Total matching contributions made to the plans for 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows:
Southern CompanyAlabama
Power
Georgia
Power
Mississippi
Power
Southern
Power
Southern Company Gas
(in millions)
2022$124 $26 $29 $$$17 
2021119 26 28 16 
2020120 26 29 16