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Retirement Benefits
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Southern Company has a defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan covering substantially all employees. This qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). No contributions to the qualified pension plan were made for the year ended December 31, 2015, and no mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2016. Southern Company also provides certain defined benefit pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, Southern Company provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through other postretirement benefit plans. The traditional operating companies fund related other postretirement trusts to the extent required by their respective regulatory commissions. For the year ending December 31, 2016, other postretirement trust contributions are expected to total approximately $14 million.
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the following year and the benefit obligations as of the measurement date are presented below.
Assumptions used to determine net periodic costs:
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – interest costs
4.17
%
 
5.02
%
 
4.26
%
Discount rate – service costs
4.48

 
5.02

 
4.26

Expected long-term return on plan assets
8.20

 
8.20

 
8.20

Annual salary increase
3.59

 
3.59

 
3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – interest costs
4.04
%
 
4.85
%
 
4.05
%
Discount rate – service costs
4.39

 
4.85

 
4.05

Expected long-term return on plan assets
6.97

 
7.15

 
7.13

Annual salary increase
3.59

 
3.59

 
3.59


Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
2015

2014
Pension plans



Discount rate
4.67
%

4.17
%
Annual salary increase
4.46


3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans



Discount rate
4.51
%

4.04
%
Annual salary increase
4.46


3.59


The Company estimates the expected rate of return on pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets using a financial model to project the expected return on each current investment portfolio. The analysis projects an expected rate of return on each of seven different asset classes in order to arrive at the expected return on the entire portfolio relying on each trust's target asset allocation and reasonable capital market assumptions. The financial model is based on four key inputs: anticipated returns by asset class (based in part on historical returns), each trust's target asset allocation, an anticipated inflation rate, and the projected impact of a periodic rebalancing of each trust's portfolio.
For purposes of its December 31, 2015 measurement date, the Company adopted new mortality tables for its pension and other postretirement benefit plans, which reflect decreased life expectancies in the U.S. The adoption of new mortality tables reduced the projected benefit obligations for the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit plans by approximately $191 million and $35 million, respectively.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO as of December 31, 2015 were as follows:
 
 
Initial Cost Trend Rate
 
Ultimate Cost Trend Rate
 
Year That Ultimate Rate is Reached
Pre-65
 
6.50
%
 
4.50
%
 
2024
Post-65 medical
 
5.50

 
4.50

 
2024
Post-65 prescription
 
10.00

 
4.50

 
2025

An annual increase or decrease in the assumed medical care cost trend rate of 1% would affect the APBO and the service and interest cost components at December 31, 2015 as follows:
 
1 Percent
Increase
 
1 Percent
Decrease
 
(in millions)
Benefit obligation
$
119

 
$
(102
)
Service and interest costs
4

 
(4
)
Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $9.6 billion at December 31, 2015 and $10.0 billion at December 31, 2014. Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
10,909

 
$
8,863

Service cost
257

 
213

Interest cost
445

 
435

Benefits paid
(487
)
 
(382
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
(582
)
 
1,780

Balance at end of year
10,542

 
10,909

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
9,690

 
8,733

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
(14
)
 
797

Employer contributions
45

 
542

Benefits paid
(487
)
 
(382
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
9,234

 
9,690

Accrued liability
$
(1,308
)
 
$
(1,219
)

At December 31, 2015, the projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans were $10.0 billion and $582 million, respectively. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plan.
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the Company's pension plans consist of the following:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
2,998

 
$
3,073

Other current liabilities
(46
)
 
(42
)
Employee benefit obligations
(1,262
)
 
(1,177
)
Accumulated OCI
125

 
134


Presented below are the amounts included in accumulated OCI and regulatory assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the defined benefit pension plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2016.
 
Prior
Service
Cost
 
Net (Gain) Loss
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2015:
 
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$
3

 
$
122

Regulatory assets
27

 
2,971

Total
$
30

 
$
3,093

Balance at December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$
4

 
$
130

Regulatory assets
51

 
3,022

Total
$
55

 
$
3,152

Estimated amortization in net periodic pension cost in 2016:
 
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$
1

 
$
6

Regulatory assets
13

 
145

Total
$
14

 
$
151


The components of OCI and the changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented in the following table:
 
Accumulated
OCI
 
Regulatory Assets
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2013
$
64

 
$
1,651

Net gain
75

 
1,552

Change in prior service costs

 
1

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(1
)
 
(25
)
Amortization of net gain
(4
)
 
(106
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(5
)
 
(131
)
Total change
70

 
1,422

Balance at December 31, 2014
$
134

 
$
3,073

Net loss
1

 
155

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(1
)
 
(24
)
Amortization of net gain
(9
)
 
(206
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(10
)
 
(230
)
Total change
(9
)
 
(75
)
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
125

 
$
2,998


Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
257

 
$
213

 
$
232

Interest cost
445

 
435

 
389

Expected return on plan assets
(724
)
 
(645
)
 
(603
)
Recognized net loss
215

 
110

 
200

Net amortization
25

 
26

 
27

Net periodic pension cost
$
218

 
$
139

 
$
245


Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. In determining the market-related value of plan assets, the Company has elected to amortize changes in the market value of all plan assets over five years rather than recognize the changes immediately. As a result, the accounting value of plan assets that is used to calculate the expected return on plan assets differs from the current fair value of the plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2015, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
(in millions)
2016
$
450

2017
478

2018
501

2019
527

2020
554

2021 to 2025
3,141


Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and in the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
1,986

 
$
1,682

Service cost
23

 
21

Interest cost
78

 
79

Benefits paid
(102
)
 
(102
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
(38
)
 
300

Plan amendments
34

 
(2
)
Retiree drug subsidy
8

 
8

Balance at end of year
1,989

 
1,986

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
900

 
901

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
(12
)
 
54

Employer contributions
39

 
39

Benefits paid
(94
)
 
(94
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
833

 
900

Accrued liability
$
(1,156
)
 
$
(1,086
)

Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the Company's other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
433

 
$
387

Other current liabilities
(4
)
 
(4
)
Employee benefit obligations
(1,152
)
 
(1,082
)
Other regulatory liabilities, deferred
(22
)
 
(21
)
Accumulated OCI
8

 
8


Presented below are the amounts included in accumulated OCI and net regulatory assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the other postretirement benefit plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2016.
 
Prior
Service
Cost
 
Net (Gain)
Loss
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2015:
 
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$

 
$
8

Net regulatory assets
32

 
379

Total
$
32

 
$
387

Balance at December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
Accumulated OCI
$

 
$
8

Net regulatory assets
2

 
364

Total
$
2

 
$
372

Estimated amortization as net periodic postretirement benefit cost in 2016:
 
 
 
Net regulatory assets
$
6

 
$
14


The components of OCI, along with the changes in the balance of net regulatory assets (liabilities), related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented in the following table:
 
Accumulated
OCI
 
Net Regulatory
Assets
(Liabilities)
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2013
$
1

 
$
73

Net gain
7

 
301

Change in prior service costs

 
(2
)
Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs

 
(4
)
Amortization of net gain

 
(2
)
Total reclassification adjustments

 
(6
)
Total change
7

 
293

Balance at December 31, 2014
$
8

 
$
366

Net gain

 
33

Change in prior service costs

 
33

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs

 
(4
)
Amortization of net gain

 
(17
)
Total reclassification adjustments

 
(21
)
Total change

 
45

Balance at December 31, 2015
$
8

 
$
411


Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
23

 
$
21

 
$
24

Interest cost
78

 
79

 
74

Expected return on plan assets
(58
)
 
(59
)
 
(56
)
Net amortization
21

 
6

 
21

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
$
64

 
$
47

 
$
63


Future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans. Estimated benefit payments are reduced by drug subsidy receipts expected as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
Subsidy
Receipts
 
Total
 
(in millions)
2016
$
123

 
$
(9
)
 
$
114

2017
128

 
(10
)
 
118

2018
133

 
(11
)
 
122

2019
137

 
(12
)
 
125

2020
139

 
(12
)
 
127

2021 to 2025
711

 
(65
)
 
646


Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Internal Revenue Code). The Company's investment policies for both the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets, including equity and fixed income securities, real estate, and private equity. Derivative instruments are used primarily to gain efficient exposure to the various asset classes and as hedging tools. The Company minimizes the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitors and manages other aspects of risk.
The composition of the Company's pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, along with the targeted mix of assets for each plan, is presented below:
 
Target
 
2015
 
2014
Pension plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
26
%
 
30
%
 
30
%
International equity
25

 
23

 
23

Fixed income
23

 
23

 
27

Special situations
3

 
2

 
1

Real estate investments
14

 
16

 
14

Private equity
9

 
6

 
5

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
Other postretirement benefit plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
42
%
 
38
%
 
41
%
International equity
21

 
23

 
23

Domestic fixed income
24

 
26

 
26

Global fixed income
4

 
4

 
3

Special situations
1

 
1

 

Real estate investments
5

 
6

 
5

Private equity
3

 
2

 
2

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%

The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Company's qualified pension plan is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plan is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Company employs a formal rebalancing program. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices.
Investment Strategies
Detailed below is a description of the investment strategies for each major asset category for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans disclosed above:
Domestic equity. A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
International equity. A mix of growth stocks and value stocks with both developed and emerging market exposure, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
Fixed income. A mix of domestic and international bonds.
Trust-owned life insurance (TOLI). Investments of the Company's taxable trusts aimed at minimizing the impact of taxes on the portfolio.
Special situations. Investments in opportunistic strategies with the objective of diversifying and enhancing returns and exploiting short-term inefficiencies as well as investments in promising new strategies of a longer-term nature.
Real estate investments. Investments in traditional private market, equity-oriented investments in real properties (indirectly through pooled funds or partnerships) and in publicly traded real estate securities.
Private equity. Investments in private partnerships that invest in private or public securities typically through privately-negotiated and/or structured transactions, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, and distressed debt.
Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values
Following are the fair value measurements for the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. The fair values presented are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate.
Valuation methods of the primary fair value measurements disclosed in the following tables are as follows:
Domestic and international equity. Investments in equity securities such as common stocks, American depositary receipts, and real estate investment trusts that trade on a public exchange are classified as Level 1 investments and are valued at the closing price in the active market. Equity investments with unpublished prices (i.e. pooled funds) are valued as Level 2, when the underlying holdings used to value the investment are comprised of Level 1 or Level 2 equity securities.
Fixed income. Investments in fixed income securities are generally classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on prices reported in the market place. Additionally, the value of fixed income securities takes into consideration certain items such as broker quotes, spreads, yield curves, interest rates, and discount rates that apply to the term of a specific instrument.
TOLI. Investments in TOLI policies are classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on the underlying investments held in the policy's separate account. The underlying assets are equity and fixed income pooled funds that are comprised of Level 1 and Level 2 securities.
Real estate investments and private equity. Investments in private equity and real estate are generally classified as Level 3 as the underlying assets typically do not have observable inputs. The fund manager values the assets using various inputs and techniques depending on the nature of the underlying investments. In the case of private equity, techniques may include purchase multiples for comparable transactions, comparable public company trading multiples, and discounted cash flow analysis. Real estate managers generally use prevailing market capitalization rates, recent sales of comparable investments, and independent third-party appraisals to value underlying real estate investments. The fair value of partnerships is determined by aggregating the value of the underlying assets.
The fair values of pension plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. Assets that are considered special situations investments, primarily real estate investments and private equities, are presented in the tables below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
1,632

 
$
681

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,313

International equity*
1,190

 
990

 

 

 
2,180

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
454

 

 

 
454

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
199

 

 

 
199

Corporate bonds

 
1,140

 

 

 
1,140

Pooled funds

 
500

 

 

 
500

Cash equivalents and other

 
145

 

 

 
145

Real estate investments
299

 

 

 
1,218

 
1,517

Private equity

 

 

 
635

 
635

Total
$
3,121

 
$
4,109

 
$

 
$
1,853

 
$
9,083

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(1
)
Total
$
3,120

 
$
4,109

 
$

 
$
1,853

 
$
9,082

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2014:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
1,704

 
$
704

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,408

International equity*
1,070

 
986

 

 

 
2,056

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
699

 

 

 
699

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
188

 

 

 
188

Corporate bonds

 
1,135

 

 

 
1,135

Pooled funds

 
514

 

 

 
514

Cash equivalents and other
3

 
660

 

 

 
663

Real estate investments
293

 

 

 
1,121

 
1,414

Private equity

 

 

 
570

 
570

Total
$
3,070

 
$
4,886

 
$

 
$
1,691

 
$
9,647

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
$
(2
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(2
)
Total
$
3,068

 
$
4,886

 
$

 
$
1,691

 
$
9,645


*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

The fair values of other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. Assets that are considered special situations investments, primarily real estate investments and private equities, are presented in the tables below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
Total
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
 
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
106

 
$
52

 
$

 
$

 
$
158

International equity*
40

 
64

 

 

 
104

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency  bonds

 
22

 

 

 
22

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
7

 

 

 
7

Corporate bonds

 
38

 

 

 
38

Pooled funds

 
42

 

 

 
42

Cash equivalents and other
11

 
9

 

 

 
20

Trust-owned life insurance

 
370

 

 

 
370

Real estate investments
11

 

 

 
41

 
52

Private equity

 

 

 
21

 
21

Total
$
168

 
$
604

 
$

 
$
62

 
$
834

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2014:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
147

 
$
56

 
$

 
$

 
$
203

International equity*
36

 
67

 

 

 
103

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
29

 

 

 
29

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
6

 

 

 
6

Corporate bonds

 
39

 

 

 
39

Pooled funds

 
41

 

 

 
41

Cash equivalents and other
9

 
27

 

 

 
36

Trust-owned life insurance

 
381

 

 

 
381

Real estate investments
11

 

 

 
37

 
48

Private equity

 

 

 
19

 
19

Total
$
203

 
$
646

 
$

 
$
56

 
$
905


*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

Employee Savings Plan
Southern Company also sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering substantially all employees. The Company provides an 85% matching contribution on up to 6% of an employee's base salary. Total matching contributions made to the plan for 2015, 2014, and 2013 were $92 million, $87 million, and $84 million, respectively.
Alabama Power [Member]  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company has a defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan covering substantially all employees. This qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). No contributions to the qualified pension plan were made for the year ended December 31, 2015, and no mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2016. The Company also provides certain defined benefit pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, the Company provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through other postretirement benefit plans. The Company funds its other postretirement trusts to the extent required by the Alabama PSC and the FERC. For the year ending December 31, 2016, no other postretirement trusts contributions are expected.
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the following year and the benefit obligations as of the measurement date are presented below.
Assumptions used to determine net periodic costs:
2015

2014

2013
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – interest costs
4.18
%
 
5.02
%
 
4.27
%
Discount rate – service costs
4.49

 
5.02

 
4.27

Expected long-term return on plan assets
8.20

 
8.20

 
8.20

Annual salary increase
3.59

 
3.59

 
3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – interest costs
4.04
%
 
4.86
%
 
4.06
%
Discount rate – service costs
4.40

 
4.86

 
4.06

Expected long-term return on plan assets
7.17

 
7.34

 
7.36

Annual salary increase
3.59

 
3.59

 
3.59

Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
2015

2014
Pension plans



Discount rate
4.67
%

4.18
%
Annual salary increase
4.46


3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans



Discount rate
4.51
%

4.04
%
Annual salary increase
4.46


3.59


The Company estimates the expected rate of return on pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets using a financial model to project the expected return on each current investment portfolio. The analysis projects an expected rate of return on each of seven different asset classes in order to arrive at the expected return on the entire portfolio relying on each trust's target asset allocation and reasonable capital market assumptions. The financial model is based on four key inputs: anticipated returns by asset class (based in part on historical returns), each trust's target asset allocation, an anticipated inflation rate, and the projected impact of a periodic rebalancing of each trust's portfolio.
For purposes of its December 31, 2015 measurement date, the Company adopted new mortality tables for its pension and other postretirement benefit plans, which reflect decreased life expectancies in the U.S. The adoption of new mortality tables reduced the projected benefit obligations for the Company's pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans by approximately $51 million and $9 million, respectively.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO as of December 31, 2015 were as follows:
 
 
Initial Cost Trend Rate
 
Ultimate Cost Trend Rate
 
Year That Ultimate Rate is Reached
Pre-65
 
6.50
%
 
4.50
%
 
2024
Post-65 medical
 
5.50

 
4.50

 
2024
Post-65 prescription
 
10.00

 
4.50

 
2025

An annual increase or decrease in the assumed medical care cost trend rate of 1% would affect the APBO and the service and interest cost components at December 31, 2015 as follows:
 
1 Percent
Increase
 
1 Percent
Decrease
 
(in millions)
Benefit obligation
$
29

 
$
(25
)
Service and interest costs
1

 
(1
)

Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $2.3 billion at December 31, 2015 and $2.4 billion at December 31, 2014. Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
2,592

 
$
2,112

Service cost
59

 
48

Interest cost
106

 
103

Benefits paid
(120
)
 
(100
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
(131
)
 
429

Balance at end of year
2,506

 
2,592

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
2,396

 
2,278

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
(9
)
 
207

Employer contributions
12

 
11

Benefits paid
(120
)
 
(100
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
2,279

 
2,396

Accrued liability
$
(227
)
 
$
(196
)

At December 31, 2015, the projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans were $2.4 billion and $124 million, respectively. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plan.
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the Company's pension plans consist of the following:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
822

 
$
827

Other current liabilities
(11
)
 
(10
)
Employee benefit obligations
(216
)
 
(186
)

Presented below are the amounts included in regulatory assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the defined benefit pension plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2016.
 
2015
 
2014
 
Estimated
Amortization
in 2016
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$
6

 
$
12

 
$
3

Net (gain) loss
816

 
815

 
40

Regulatory assets
$
822

 
$
827

 
 

The changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented in the following table:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Regulatory assets:
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
827

 
$
476

Net (gain) loss
56

 
389

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(6
)
 
(7
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(55
)
 
(31
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(61
)
 
(38
)
Total change
(5
)
 
351

Ending balance
$
822

 
$
827


Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
59

 
$
48

 
$
52

Interest cost
106

 
103

 
93

Expected return on plan assets
(178
)
 
(168
)
 
(157
)
Recognized net loss
55

 
31

 
52

Net amortization
6

 
7

 
7

Net periodic pension cost
$
48

 
$
21

 
$
47


Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. In determining the market-related value of plan assets, the Company has elected to amortize changes in the market value of all plan assets over five years rather than recognize the changes immediately. As a result, the accounting value of plan assets that is used to calculate the expected return on plan assets differs from the current fair value of the plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2015, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
(in millions)
2016
$
114

2017
119

2018
124

2019
129

2020
134

2021 to 2025
740


Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and in the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
503

 
$
431

Service cost
6

 
5

Interest cost
20

 
20

Benefits paid
(27
)
 
(27
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
(7
)
 
71

Plan amendment
7

 

Retiree drug subsidy
3

 
3

Balance at end of year
505

 
503

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
392

 
389

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
(6
)
 
23

Employer contributions
1

 
4

Benefits paid
(24
)
 
(24
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
363

 
392

Accrued liability
$
(142
)
 
$
(111
)

Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the Company's other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
95

 
$
68

Other regulatory liabilities, deferred
(13
)
 
(14
)
Employee benefit obligations
(142
)
 
(111
)

Presented below are the amounts included in net regulatory assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the other postretirement benefit plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2016.
 
2015
 
2014
 
Estimated
Amortization
in 2016
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$
19

 
$
15

 
$
4

Net (gain) loss
63

 
39

 
2

Net regulatory assets
$
82

 
$
54

 
 

The changes in the balance of net regulatory assets (liabilities) related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented in the following table:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Net regulatory assets (liabilities):
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
54

 
$
(15
)
Net (gain) loss
25

 
73

Change in prior service costs
8

 

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(3
)
 
(4
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(2
)
 

Total reclassification adjustments
(5
)
 
(4
)
Total change
28

 
69

Ending balance
$
82

 
$
54


Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
6

 
$
5

 
$
6

Interest cost
20

 
20

 
19

Expected return on plan assets
(26
)
 
(25
)
 
(23
)
Net amortization
5

 
4

 
5

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
$
5

 
$
4

 
$
7


Future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans. Estimated benefit payments are reduced by drug subsidy receipts expected as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
Subsidy
Receipts
 
Total
 
(in millions)
2016
$
33

 
$
(3
)
 
$
30

2017
34

 
(3
)
 
31

2018
34

 
(3
)
 
31

2019
35

 
(4
)
 
31

2020
36

 
(4
)
 
32

2021 to 2025
184

 
(20
)
 
164


Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Company's investment policies for both the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets, including equity and fixed income securities, real estate, and private equity. Derivative instruments are used primarily to gain efficient exposure to the various asset classes and as hedging tools. The Company minimizes the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitors and manages other aspects of risk.
The composition of the Company's pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, along with the targeted mix of assets for each plan, is presented below:
 
Target
 
2015
 
2014
Pension plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
26
%
 
30
%
 
30
%
International equity
25

 
23

 
23

Fixed income
23

 
23

 
27

Special situations
3

 
2

 
1

Real estate investments
14

 
16

 
14

Private equity
9

 
6

 
5

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
Other postretirement benefit plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
48
%
 
45
%
 
48
%
International equity
20

 
20

 
20

Domestic fixed income
24

 
27

 
26

Special situations
1

 
1

 

Real estate investments
4

 
5

 
4

Private equity
3

 
2

 
2

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%

The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Company's qualified pension plan is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plan is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Company employs a formal rebalancing program. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices.
Investment Strategies
Detailed below is a description of the investment strategies for each major asset category for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans disclosed above:
Domestic equity. A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
International equity. A mix of growth stocks and value stocks with both developed and emerging market exposure, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
Fixed income. A mix of domestic and international bonds.
Trust-owned life insurance (TOLI). Investments of the Company's taxable trusts aimed at minimizing the impact of taxes on the portfolio.
Special situations. Investments in opportunistic strategies with the objective of diversifying and enhancing returns and exploiting short-term inefficiencies as well as investments in promising new strategies of a longer-term nature.
Real estate investments. Investments in traditional private market, equity-oriented investments in real properties (indirectly through pooled funds or partnerships) and in publicly traded real estate securities.
Private equity. Investments in private partnerships that invest in private or public securities typically through privately-negotiated and/or structured transactions, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, and distressed debt.
Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values
Following are the fair value measurements for the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. The fair values presented are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate.
Valuation methods of the primary fair value measurements disclosed in the following tables are as follows:
Domestic and international equity. Investments in equity securities such as common stocks, American depositary receipts, and real estate investment trusts that trade on a public exchange are classified as Level 1 investments and are valued at the closing price in the active market. Equity investments with unpublished prices (i.e. pooled funds) are valued as Level 2, when the underlying holdings used to value the investment are comprised of Level 1 or Level 2 equity securities.
Fixed income. Investments in fixed income securities are generally classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on prices reported in the market place. Additionally, the value of fixed income securities takes into consideration certain items such as broker quotes, spreads, yield curves, interest rates, and discount rates that apply to the term of a specific instrument.
TOLI. Investments in TOLI policies are classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on the underlying investments held in the policy's separate account. The underlying assets are equity and fixed income pooled funds that are comprised of Level 1 and Level 2 securities.
Real estate investments and private equity. Investments in private equity and real estate are generally classified as Level 3 as the underlying assets typically do not have observable inputs. The fund manager values the assets using various inputs and techniques depending on the nature of the underlying investments. In the case of private equity, techniques may include purchase multiples for comparable transactions, comparable public company trading multiples, and discounted cash flow analysis. Real estate managers generally use prevailing market capitalization rates, recent sales of comparable investments, and independent third-party appraisals to value underlying real estate investments. The fair value of partnerships is determined by aggregating the value of the underlying assets.
The fair values of pension plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. Assets that are considered special situations investments, primarily real estate investments and private equities, are presented in the tables below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices
in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
403

 
$
168

 
$

 
$

 
$
571

International equity*
294

 
244

 

 

 
538

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
112

 

 

 
112

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
49

 

 

 
49

Corporate bonds

 
280

 

 

 
280

Pooled funds

 
123

 

 

 
123

Cash equivalents and other

 
36

 

 

 
36

Real estate investments
74

 

 

 
301

 
375

Private equity

 

 

 
157

 
157

Total
$
771

 
$
1,012

 
$

 
$
458

 
$
2,241

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices
in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2014:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
421

 
$
174

 
$

 
$

 
$
595

International equity*
264

 
244

 

 

 
508

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
173

 

 

 
173

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
47

 

 

 
47

Corporate bonds

 
280

 

 

 
280

Pooled funds

 
127

 

 

 
127

Cash equivalents and other
1

 
163

 

 

 
164

Real estate investments
73

 

 

 
277

 
350

Private equity

 

 

 
141

 
141

Total
$
759

 
$
1,208

 
$

 
$
418

 
$
2,385

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

The fair values of other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. Assets that are considered special situations investments, primarily real estate investments and private equities, are presented in the tables below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
57

 
$
8

 
$

 
$

 
$
65

International equity*
14

 
12

 

 

 
26

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
8

 

 

 
8

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
2

 

 

 
2

Corporate bonds

 
13

 

 

 
13

Pooled funds

 
6

 

 

 
6

Cash equivalents and other
1

 
2

 

 

 
3

Trust-owned life insurance

 
212

 

 

 
212

Real estate investments
5

 

 

 
14

 
19

Private equity

 

 

 
7

 
7

Total
$
77

 
$
263

 
$

 
$
21

 
$
361

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2014:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
76

 
$
8

 
$

 
$

 
$
84

International equity*
13

 
12

 

 

 
25

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
10

 

 

 
10

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
2

 

 

 
2

Corporate bonds

 
14

 

 

 
14

Pooled funds

 
6

 

 

 
6

Cash equivalents and other

 
8

 

 

 
8

Trust-owned life insurance

 
217

 

 

 
217

Real estate investments
5

 

 

 
13

 
18

Private equity

 

 

 
7

 
7

Total
$
94

 
$
277

 
$

 
$
20

 
$
391

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

Employee Savings Plan
The Company also sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering substantially all employees. The Company provides an 85% matching contribution on up to 6% of an employee's base salary. Total matching contributions made to the plan for 2015, 2014, and 2013 were $22 million, $21 million, and $20 million, respectively.
Georgia Power [Member]  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company has a defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan covering substantially all employees. This qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). No contributions to the qualified pension plan were made for the year ended December 31, 2015, and no mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2016. The Company also provides certain defined benefit pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, the Company provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through other postretirement benefit plans. The Company funds its other postretirement trusts to the extent required by the Georgia PSC and the FERC. For the year ending December 31, 2016, other postretirement trust contributions are expected to total approximately $14 million.
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the following year and the benefit obligations as of the measurement date are presented below.
Assumptions used to determine net periodic costs:
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rates – interest costs
4.18
%
 
5.02
%
 
4.27
%
Discount rates – service costs
4.49

 
5.02

 
4.27

Expected long-term return on plan assets
8.20

 
8.20

 
8.20

Annual salary increase
3.59

 
3.59

 
3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – interest costs
4.03
%
 
4.85
%
 
4.04
%
Discount rate – service costs
4.39

 
4.85

 
4.04

Expected long-term return on plan assets
6.48

 
6.75

 
6.74

Annual salary increase
3.59

 
3.59

 
3.59

Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
2015

2014
Pension plans



Discount rate
4.65
%

4.18
%
Annual salary increase
4.46


3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans



Discount rate
4.49
%

4.03
%
Annual salary increase
4.46


3.59


The Company estimates the expected rate of return on pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets using a financial model to project the expected return on each current investment portfolio. The analysis projects an expected rate of return on each of seven different asset classes in order to arrive at the expected return on the entire portfolio relying on each trust's target asset allocation and reasonable capital market assumptions. The financial model is based on four key inputs: anticipated returns by asset class (based in part on historical returns), each trust's target asset allocation, an anticipated inflation rate, and the projected impact of a periodic rebalancing of each trust's portfolio.
For purposes of its December 31, 2015 measurement date, the Company adopted new mortality tables for its pension and other postretirement benefit plans, which reflect decreased life expectancies in the U.S. The adoption of new mortality tables reduced the projected benefit obligations for the Company's pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans by approximately $66 million and $17 million, respectively.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO as of December 31, 2015 were as follows:
 
 
Initial Cost Trend Rate
 
Ultimate Cost Trend Rate
 
Year That Ultimate Rate is Reached
Pre-65
 
6.50
%
 
4.50
%
 
2024
Post-65 medical
 
5.50

 
4.50

 
2024
Post-65 prescription
 
10.00

 
4.50

 
2025

An annual increase or decrease in the assumed medical care cost trend rate of 1% would affect the APBO and the service and interest cost components at December 31, 2015 as follows:
 
1 Percent
Increase
 
1 Percent
Decrease
 
(in millions)
Benefit obligation
$
58

 
$
(50
)
Service and interest costs
2

 
(2
)

Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $3.3 billion at December 31, 2015 and $3.5 billion at December 31, 2014. Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
3,781

 
$
3,116

Service cost
73

 
62

Interest cost
154

 
153

Benefits paid
(188
)
 
(149
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
(205
)
 
599

Balance at end of year
3,615

 
3,781

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
3,383

 
3,085

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
(13
)
 
285

Employer contributions
14

 
162

Benefits paid
(188
)
 
(149
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
3,196

 
3,383

Accrued liability
$
(419
)
 
$
(398
)

At December 31, 2015, the projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans were $3.5 billion and $151 million, respectively. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plan.
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the Company's pension plans consist of the following:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
1,076

 
$
1,102

Current liabilities, other
(13
)
 
(12
)
Employee benefit obligations
(406
)
 
(386
)

Presented below are the amounts included in regulatory assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the defined benefit pension plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2016.
 
2015
 
2014
 
Estimated
Amortization
in 2016
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$
8

 
$
17

 
$
5

Net (gain) loss
1,068

 
1,085

 
55

Regulatory assets
$
1,076

 
$
1,102

 
 

The changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented in the following table:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Regulatory assets:
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
1,102

 
$
610

Net (gain) loss
59

 
543

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(9
)
 
(10
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(76
)
 
(41
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(85
)
 
(51
)
Total change
(26
)
 
492

Ending balance
$
1,076

 
$
1,102


Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
73

 
$
62

 
$
69

Interest cost
154

 
153

 
138

Expected return on plan assets
(251
)
 
(228
)
 
(212
)
Recognized net loss
76

 
41

 
74

Net amortization
9

 
10

 
10

Net periodic pension cost
$
61

 
$
38

 
$
79


Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. In determining the market-related value of plan assets, the Company has elected to amortize changes in the market value of all plan assets over five years rather than recognize the changes immediately. As a result, the accounting value of plan assets that is used to calculate the expected return on plan assets differs from the current fair value of the plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2015, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
(in millions)
2016
$
168

2017
176

2018
183

2019
189

2020
197

2021 to 2025
1,085


Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and in the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
864

 
$
723

Service cost
7

 
6

Interest cost
34

 
34

Benefits paid
(45
)
 
(44
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
(22
)
 
142

Plan amendment
12

 

Retiree drug subsidy
4

 
3

Balance at end of year
854

 
864

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
395

 
407

Actual return (loss) on plan assets
(6
)
 
21

Employer contributions
10

 
8

Benefits paid
(41
)
 
(41
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
358

 
395

Accrued liability
$
(496
)
 
$
(469
)

Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the Company's other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
223

 
$
213

Employee benefit obligations
(496
)
 
(469
)

Presented below are the amounts included in regulatory assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the other postretirement benefit plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2016.
 
2015
 
2014
 
Estimated
Amortization
in 2016
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$
8

 
$
(5
)
 
$
1

Net (gain) loss
215

 
218

 
9

Regulatory assets
$
223

 
$
213

 
 

The changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented in the following table:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Regulatory assets:
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
213

 
$
69

Net (gain) loss
9

 
146

Change in prior service costs
12

 

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(11
)
 
(2
)
Total change
10

 
144

Ending balance
$
223

 
$
213


Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost were as follows:
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
7

 
$
6

 
$
7

Interest cost
34

 
34

 
31

Expected return on plan assets
(24
)
 
(25
)
 
(24
)
Net amortization
11

 
2

 
12

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
$
28

 
$
17

 
$
26


Future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans. Estimated benefit payments are reduced by drug subsidy receipts expected as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
Subsidy
Receipts
 
Total
 
(in millions)
2016
$
53

 
$
(4
)
 
$
49

2017
55

 
(4
)
 
51

2018
58

 
(5
)
 
53

2019
59

 
(5
)
 
54

2020
60

 
(5
)
 
55

2021 to 2025
305

 
(28
)
 
277


Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Company's investment policies for both the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets, including equity and fixed income securities, real estate, and private equity. Derivative instruments are used primarily to gain efficient exposure to the various asset classes and as hedging tools. The Company minimizes the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitors and manages other aspects of risk.
The composition of the Company's pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, along with the targeted mix of assets for each plan, is presented below:
 
Target
 
2015
 
2014
Pension plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
26
%
 
30
%
 
30
%
International equity
25

 
23

 
23

Fixed income
23

 
23

 
27

Special situations
3

 
2

 
1

Real estate investments
14

 
16

 
14

Private equity
9

 
6

 
5

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
Other postretirement benefit plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
40
%
 
34
%
 
38
%
International equity
21

 
27

 
26

Domestic fixed income
23

 
25

 
24

Global fixed income
9

 
8

 
7

Special situations
1

 

 

Real estate investments
4

 
4

 
4

Private equity
2

 
2

 
1

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%

The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Company's qualified pension plan is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plan is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Company employs a formal rebalancing program. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices.
Investment Strategies
Detailed below is a description of the investment strategies for each major asset category for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans disclosed above:
Domestic equity. A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
International equity. A mix of growth stocks and value stocks with both developed and emerging market exposure, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
Fixed income. A mix of domestic and international bonds.
Trust-owned life insurance (TOLI). Investments of the Company's taxable trusts aimed at minimizing the impact of taxes on the portfolio.
Special situations. Investments in opportunistic strategies with the objective of diversifying and enhancing returns and exploiting short-term inefficiencies as well as investments in promising new strategies of a longer-term nature.
Real estate investments. Investments in traditional private market, equity-oriented investments in real properties (indirectly through pooled funds or partnerships) and in publicly traded real estate securities.
Private equity. Investments in private partnerships that invest in private or public securities typically through privately-negotiated and/or structured transactions, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, and distressed debt.
Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values
Following are the fair value measurements for the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. The fair values presented are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate.
Valuation methods of the primary fair value measurements disclosed in the following tables are as follows:
Domestic and international equity. Investments in equity securities such as common stocks, American depositary receipts, and real estate investment trusts that trade on a public exchange are classified as Level 1 investments and are valued at the closing price in the active market. Equity investments with unpublished prices (i.e. pooled funds) are valued as Level 2, when the underlying holdings used to value the investment are comprised of Level 1 or Level 2 equity securities.
Fixed income. Investments in fixed income securities are generally classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on prices reported in the market place. Additionally, the value of fixed income securities takes into consideration certain items such as broker quotes, spreads, yield curves, interest rates, and discount rates that apply to the term of a specific instrument.
TOLI. Investments in TOLI policies are classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on the underlying investments held in the policy's separate account. The underlying assets are equity and fixed income pooled funds that are comprised of Level 1 and Level 2 securities.
Real estate investments and private equity. Investments in private equity and real estate are generally classified as Level 3 as the underlying assets typically do not have observable inputs. The fund manager values the assets using various inputs and techniques depending on the nature of the underlying investments. In the case of private equity, techniques may include purchase multiples for comparable transactions, comparable public company trading multiples, and discounted cash flow analysis. Real estate managers generally use prevailing market capitalization rates, recent sales of comparable investments, and independent third-party appraisals to value underlying real estate investments. The fair value of partnerships is determined by aggregating the value of the underlying assets.
The fair values of pension plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. Assets that are considered special situations investments, primarily real estate investments and private equities, are presented in the tables below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
565

 
$
236

 
$

 
$

 
$
801

International equity*
412

 
343

 

 

 
755

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
157

 

 

 
157

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
69

 

 

 
69

Corporate bonds

 
394

 

 

 
394

Pooled funds

 
173

 

 

 
173

Cash equivalents and other

 
50

 

 

 
50

Real estate investments
103

 

 

 
421

 
524

Private equity

 

 

 
220

 
220

Total
$
1,080

 
$
1,422

 
$

 
$
641

 
$
3,143

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2014:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
595

 
$
246

 
$

 
$

 
$
841

International equity*
373

 
344

 

 

 
717

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
244

 

 

 
244

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
66

 

 

 
66

Corporate bonds

 
398

 

 

 
398

Pooled funds

 
179

 

 

 
179

Cash equivalents and other
1

 
230

 

 

 
231

Real estate investments
102

 

 

 
391

 
493

Private equity

 

 

 
199

 
199

Total
$
1,071

 
$
1,707

 
$

 
$
590

 
$
3,368

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(1
)
Total
$
1,070

 
$
1,707

 
$

 
$
590

 
$
3,367

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

The fair values of other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. Assets that are considered special situations investments, primarily real estate investments and private equities, are presented in the tables below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
30

 
$
36

 
$

 
$

 
$
66

International equity*
12

 
41

 

 

 
53

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
5

 

 

 
5

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
2

 

 

 
2

Corporate bonds

 
12

 

 

 
12

Pooled funds

 
30

 

 

 
30

Cash equivalents and other
10

 
6

 

 

 
16

Trust-owned life insurance

 
158

 

 

 
158

Real estate investments
3

 

 

 
12

 
15

Private equity

 

 

 
7

 
7

Total
$
55

 
$
290

 
$

 
$
19

 
$
364

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2014:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
53

 
$
40

 
$

 
$

 
$
93

International equity*
11

 
45

 

 

 
56

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency  bonds

 
7

 

 

 
7

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
2

 

 

 
2

Corporate bonds

 
12

 

 

 
12

Pooled funds

 
29

 

 

 
29

Cash equivalents and other
8

 
11

 

 

 
19

Trust-owned life insurance

 
162

 

 

 
162

Real estate investments
3

 

 

 
12

 
15

Private equity

 

 

 
6

 
6

Total
$
75

 
$
308

 
$

 
$
18

 
$
401

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

Employee Savings Plan
The Company also sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering substantially all employees. The Company provides an 85% matching contribution on up to 6% of an employee's base salary. Total matching contributions made to the plan for 2015, 2014, and 2013 were $26 million, $25 million, and $24 million, respectively.
Gulf Power [Member]  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company has a defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan covering substantially all employees. This qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). No contributions to the qualified pension plan were made for the year ended December 31, 2015, and no mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2016. The Company also provides certain defined benefit pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, the Company provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through other postretirement benefit plans. The Company funds its other postretirement trusts to the extent required by the FERC. For the year ending December 31, 2016, no other postretirement trust contributions are expected.
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the following year and the benefit obligations as of the measurement date are presented below.
Assumptions used to determine net periodic costs:
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – interest costs
4.18
%
 
5.02
%
 
4.27
%
Discount rate – service costs
4.48

 
5.02

 
4.27

Expected long-term return on plan assets
8.20

 
8.20

 
8.20

Annual salary increase
3.59

 
3.59

 
3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – interest costs
4.04
%
 
4.86
%
 
4.06
%
Discount rate – service costs
4.38

 
4.86

 
4.06

Expected long-term return on plan assets
8.07

 
8.08

 
8.04

Annual salary increase
3.59

 
3.59

 
3.59

Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
2015

2014
Pension plans



Discount rate
4.71
%

4.18
%
Annual salary increase
4.46


3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans



Discount rate
4.51
%

4.04
%
Annual salary increase
4.46


3.59


The Company estimates the expected rate of return on pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets using a financial model to project the expected return on each current investment portfolio. The analysis projects an expected rate of return on each of seven different asset classes in order to arrive at the expected return on the entire portfolio relying on each trust's target asset allocation and reasonable capital market assumptions. The financial model is based on four key inputs: anticipated returns by asset class (based in part on historical returns), each trust's target asset allocation, an anticipated inflation rate, and the projected impact of a periodic rebalancing of each trust's portfolio.
For purposes of its December 31, 2015 measurement date, the Company adopted new mortality tables for its pension and other postretirement benefit plans, which reflect decreased life expectancies in the U.S. The adoption of new mortality tables reduced the projected benefit obligations for the Company's pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans by approximately $9 million and $1 million, respectively.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO as of December 31, 2015 were as follows:
 
 
Initial Cost Trend Rate
 
Ultimate Cost Trend Rate
 
Year That Ultimate Rate is Reached
Pre-65
 
6.50
%
 
4.50
%
 
2024
Post-65 medical
 
5.50

 
4.50

 
2024
Post-65 prescription
 
10.00

 
4.50

 
2025

An annual increase or decrease in the assumed medical care cost trend rate of 1% would affect the APBO and the service and interest cost components at December 31, 2015 as follows:
 
1 Percent
Increase
 
1 Percent
Decrease
 
(in millions)
Benefit obligation
$
4

 
$
(3
)
Service and interest costs

 


Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $424 million at December 31, 2015 and $438 million at December 31, 2014. Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
491

 
$
395

Service cost
12

 
10

Interest cost
20

 
19

Benefits paid
(20
)
 
(16
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
(23
)
 
83

Balance at end of year
480

 
491

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
435

 
386

Actual return on plan assets
4

 
34

Employer contributions
1

 
31

Benefits paid
(20
)
 
(16
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
420

 
435

Accrued liability
$
(60
)
 
$
(56
)

At December 31, 2015, the projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans were $457 million and $23 million, respectively. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plan.
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the Company's pension plans consist of the following:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
142

 
$
146

Current liabilities, other
(1
)
 
(1
)
Employee benefit obligations
(59
)
 
(55
)

Presented below are the amounts included in regulatory assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the defined benefit pension plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2016.
 
2015
 
2014
 
Estimated Amortization in 2016
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$
2

 
$
3

 
$
1

Net loss
140

 
143

 
6

Regulatory assets
$
142

 
$
146

 
 

The changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented in the following table:

2015
 
2014

(in millions)
Regulatory assets:


 


Beginning balance
$
146

 
$
75

Net (gain) loss
6

 
77

Reclassification adjustments:

 

Amortization of prior service costs
(1
)
 
(1
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(9
)
 
(5
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(10
)
 
(6
)
Total change
(4
)
 
71

Ending balance
$
142

 
$
146


Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
12

 
$
10

 
$
11

Interest cost
20

 
19

 
17

Expected return on plan assets
(32
)
 
(28
)
 
(26
)
Recognized net loss
9

 
5

 
9

Net amortization
1

 
1

 
1

Net periodic pension cost
$
10

 
$
7

 
$
12


Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. In determining the market-related value of plan assets, the Company has elected to amortize changes in the market value of all plan assets over five years rather than recognize the changes immediately. As a result, the accounting value of plan assets that is used to calculate the expected return on plan assets differs from the current fair value of the plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2015, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
(in millions)
2016
$
19

2017
20

2018
21

2019
22

2020
24

2021 to 2025
139


Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and in the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
78

 
$
69

Service cost
1

 
1

Interest cost
3

 
3

Benefits paid
(4
)
 
(4
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
(1
)
 
11

Plan amendment
4

 
(2
)
Retiree drug subsidy

 

Balance at end of year
81

 
78

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
18

 
17

Actual return on plan assets

 
2

Employer contributions
3

 
3

Benefits paid
(4
)
 
(4
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
17

 
18

Accrued liability
$
(64
)
 
$
(60
)

Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the Company's other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
10

 
$
6

Current liabilities, other
(1
)
 
(1
)
Other regulatory liabilities, deferred
(5
)
 
(4
)
Employee benefit obligations
(63
)
 
(59
)

Presented below are the amounts included in net regulatory assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the other postretirement benefit plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2016.
 
2015
 
2014
 
Estimated Amortization in 2016
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$

 
$
(2
)
 
$

Net loss
5

 
4

 

Net regulatory assets (liabilities)
$
5

 
$
2

 
 

The changes in the balance of net regulatory assets (liabilities) related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented in the following table:

2015
 
2014

(in millions)
Net regulatory assets (liabilities):


 


Beginning balance
$
2

 
$
(7
)
Net (gain) loss
1

 
11

Change in prior service costs
2

 
(2
)
Reclassification adjustments:


 


Amortization of prior service costs

 

Amortization of net gain (loss)

 

Total reclassification adjustments

 

Total change
3

 
9

Ending balance
$
5

 
$
2


Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
1

 
$
1

 
$
1

Interest cost
3

 
3

 
3

Expected return on plan assets
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Net amortization

 

 

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
$
3

 
$
3

 
$
3


Future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans. Estimated benefit payments are reduced by drug subsidy receipts expected as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
Subsidy
Receipts
 
Total
 
(in millions)
2016
$
5

 
$

 
$
5

2017
5

 

 
5

2018
6

 

 
6

2019
6

 
(1
)
 
5

2020
6

 
(1
)
 
5

2021 to 2025
29

 
(3
)
 
26


Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Company's investment policies for both the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets, including equity and fixed income securities, real estate, and private equity. Derivative instruments are used primarily to gain efficient exposure to the various asset classes and as hedging tools. The Company minimizes the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitors and manages other aspects of risk.
The composition of the Company's pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, along with the targeted mix of assets for each plan, is presented below:
 
Target
 
2015
 
2014
Pension plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
26
%
 
30
%
 
30
%
International equity
25

 
23

 
23

Fixed income
23

 
23

 
27

Special situations
3

 
2

 
1

Real estate investments
14

 
16

 
14

Private equity
9

 
6

 
5

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
Other postretirement benefit plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
25
%
 
29
%
 
29
%
International equity
24

 
22

 
22

Domestic fixed income
25

 
25

 
29

Special situations
3

 
2

 
1

Real estate investments
14

 
16

 
14

Private equity
9

 
6

 
5

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%

The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Company's qualified pension plan is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plan is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Company employs a formal rebalancing program. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices.
Investment Strategies
Detailed below is a description of the investment strategies for each major asset category for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans disclosed above:
Domestic equity. A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
International equity. A mix of growth stocks and value stocks with both developed and emerging market exposure, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
Fixed income. A mix of domestic and international bonds.
Special situations. Investments in opportunistic strategies with the objective of diversifying and enhancing returns and exploiting short-term inefficiencies as well as investments in promising new strategies of a longer-term nature.
Real estate investments. Investments in traditional private market, equity-oriented investments in real properties (indirectly through pooled funds or partnerships) and in publicly traded real estate securities.
Private equity. Investments in private partnerships that invest in private or public securities typically through privately-negotiated and/or structured transactions, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, and distressed debt.
Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values
Following are the fair value measurements for the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. The fair values presented are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate.
Valuation methods of the primary fair value measurements disclosed in the following tables are as follows:
Domestic and international equity. Investments in equity securities such as common stocks, American depositary receipts, and real estate investment trusts that trade on a public exchange are classified as Level 1 investments and are valued at the closing price in the active market. Equity investments with unpublished prices (i.e. pooled funds) are valued as Level 2, when the underlying holdings used to value the investment are comprised of Level 1 or Level 2 equity securities.
Fixed income. Investments in fixed income securities are generally classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on prices reported in the market place. Additionally, the value of fixed income securities takes into consideration certain items such as broker quotes, spreads, yield curves, interest rates, and discount rates that apply to the term of a specific instrument.
Real estate investments and private equity. Investments in private equity and real estate are generally classified as Level 3 as the underlying assets typically do not have observable inputs. The fund manager values the assets using various inputs and techniques depending on the nature of the underlying investments. In the case of private equity, techniques may include purchase multiples for comparable transactions, comparable public company trading multiples, and discounted cash flow analysis. Real estate managers generally use prevailing market capitalization rates, recent sales of comparable investments, and independent third-party appraisals to value underlying real estate investments. The fair value of partnerships is determined by aggregating the value of the underlying assets.
The fair values of pension plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. Assets that are considered special situations investments, primarily real estate investments and private equities, are presented in the tables below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
73

 
$
31

 
$

 
$

 
$
104

International equity*
54

 
45

 

 

 
99

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
21

 

 

 
21

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
9

 

 

 
9

Corporate bonds

 
51

 

 

 
51

Pooled funds

 
23

 

 

 
23

Cash equivalents and other

 
7

 

 

 
7

Real estate investments
14

 

 

 
55

 
69

Private equity

 

 

 
29

 
29

Total
$
141

 
$
187

 
$

 
$
84

 
$
412

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2014:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
77

 
$
32

 
$

 
$

 
$
109

International equity*
48

 
44

 

 

 
92

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
31

 

 

 
31

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
8

 

 

 
8

Corporate bonds

 
51

 

 

 
51

Pooled funds

 
23

 

 

 
23

Cash equivalents and other

 
30

 

 

 
30

Real estate investments
13

 

 

 
50

 
63

Private equity

 

 

 
26

 
26

Total
$
138

 
$
219

 
$

 
$
76

 
$
433

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

The fair values of other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. Assets that are considered special situations investments, primarily real estate investments and private equities, are presented in the tables below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
3

 
$
1

 
$

 
$

 
$
4

International equity*
2

 
2

 

 

 
4

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
1

 

 

 
1

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 

 

 

 

Corporate bonds

 
2

 

 

 
2

Pooled funds

 
1

 

 

 
1

Cash equivalents and other
1

 

 

 

 
1

Real estate investments
1

 

 

 
2

 
3

Private equity

 

 

 
1

 
1

Total
$
7

 
$
7

 
$

 
$
3

 
$
17

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2014:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
3

 
$
1

 
$

 
$

 
$
4

International equity*
2

 
2

 

 

 
4

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
1

 

 

 
1

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
1

 

 

 
1

Corporate bonds

 
2

 

 

 
2

Pooled funds

 
1

 

 

 
1

Cash equivalents and other

 
1

 

 

 
1

Real estate investments
1

 

 

 
2

 
3

Private equity

 

 

 
1

 
1

Total
$
6

 
$
9

 
$

 
$
3

 
$
18

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

Employee Savings Plan
The Company also sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering substantially all employees. The Company provides an 85% matching contribution on up to 6% of an employee's base salary. Total matching contributions made to the plan for 2015, 2014, and 2013 were $4 million each year.
Mississippi Power [Member]  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The Company has a defined benefit, trusteed, pension plan covering substantially all employees. This qualified pension plan is funded in accordance with requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). No contributions to the qualified pension plan were made for the year ended December 31, 2015, and no mandatory contributions to the qualified pension plan are anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2016. The Company also provides certain defined benefit pension plans for a selected group of management and highly compensated employees. Benefits under these non-qualified pension plans are funded on a cash basis. In addition, the Company provides certain medical care and life insurance benefits for retired employees through other postretirement benefit plans. The Company funds its other postretirement trusts to the extent required by the FERC. For the year ending December 31, 2016, no other postretirement trust contributions are expected.
Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average rates assumed in the actuarial calculations used to determine both the net periodic costs for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the following year and the benefit obligations as of the measurement date are presented below.
Assumptions used to determine net periodic costs:
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – interest costs
4.17
%
 
5.01
%
 
4.26
%
Discount rate – service costs
4.49

 
5.01

 
4.26

Expected long-term return on plan assets
8.20

 
8.20

 
8.20

Annual salary increase
3.59

 
3.59

 
3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate – interest costs
4.03
%
 
4.85
%
 
4.04
%
Discount rate – service costs
4.38

 
4.85

 
4.04

Expected long-term return on plan assets
7.23

 
7.30

 
7.04

Annual salary increase
3.59

 
3.59

 
3.59

Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
2015
 
2014
Pension plans
 
 
 
Discount rate
4.69
%
 
4.17
%
Annual salary increase
4.46

 
3.59

Other postretirement benefit plans
 
 
 
Discount rate
4.47
%
 
4.03
%
Annual salary increase
4.46

 
3.59


The Company estimates the expected rate of return on pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets using a financial model to project the expected return on each current investment portfolio. The analysis projects an expected rate of return on each of seven different asset classes in order to arrive at the expected return on the entire portfolio relying on each trust's target asset allocation and reasonable capital market assumptions. The financial model is based on four key inputs: anticipated returns by asset class (based in part on historical returns), each trust's target asset allocation, an anticipated inflation rate, and the projected impact of a periodic rebalancing of each trust's portfolio.
For purposes of its December 31, 2015 measurement date, the Company adopted new mortality tables for its pension and other postretirement benefit plans, which reflect decreased life expectancies in the U.S. The adoption of new mortality tables reduced the projected benefit obligations for the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit plans by approximately $9 million and $2 million, respectively.
An additional assumption used in measuring the accumulated other postretirement benefit obligations (APBO) was a weighted average medical care cost trend rate. The weighted average medical care cost trend rates used in measuring the APBO as of December 31, 2015 were as follows:
 
 
Initial Cost Trend Rate
 
Ultimate Cost Trend Rate
 
Year That Ultimate Rate is Reached
Pre-65
 
6.50
%
 
4.50
%
 
2024
Post-65 medical
 
5.50

 
4.50

 
2024
Post-65 prescription
 
10.00

 
4.50

 
2025

An annual increase or decrease in the assumed medical care cost trend rate of 1% would affect the APBO and the service and interest cost components at December 31, 2015 as follows:
 
1 Percent
Increase
 
1 Percent
Decrease
 
(in millions)
Benefit obligation
$
5

 
$
(5
)
Service and interest costs

 


Pension Plans
The total accumulated benefit obligation for the pension plans was $447 million at December 31, 2015 and $462 million at December 31, 2014. Changes in the projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
513

 
$
409

Service cost
13

 
10

Interest cost
21

 
20

Benefits paid
(22
)
 
(17
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
(25
)
 
91

Balance at end of year
500

 
513

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
446

 
387

Actual return on plan assets
4

 
40

Employer contributions
2

 
36

Benefits paid
(22
)
 
(17
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
430

 
446

Accrued liability
$
(70
)
 
$
(67
)

At December 31, 2015, the projected benefit obligations for the qualified and non-qualified pension plans were $470 million and $30 million, respectively. All pension plan assets are related to the qualified pension plan.
Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the Company's pension plans consist of the following:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
144

 
$
151

Other current liabilities
(3
)
 
(2
)
Employee benefit obligations
(67
)
 
(65
)

Presented below are the amounts included in regulatory assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the defined benefit pension plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic pension cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2016.
 
2015
 
2014
 
Estimated Amortization in 2016
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$
2

 
$
3

 
$
1

Net loss
142

 
148

 
7

Regulatory assets
$
144

 
$
151

 
 

The changes in the balance of regulatory assets related to the defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented in the following table:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Regulatory assets:
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
151

 
$
78

Net (gain) loss
4

 
79

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service costs
(1
)
 
(1
)
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(10
)
 
(5
)
Total reclassification adjustments
(11
)
 
(6
)
Total change
(7
)
 
73

Ending balance
$
144

 
$
151


Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
13

 
$
10

 
$
11

Interest cost
21

 
20

 
18

Expected return on plan assets
(33
)
 
(29
)
 
(27
)
Recognized net loss
10

 
5

 
10

Net amortization
1

 
1

 
1

Net periodic pension cost
$
12

 
$
7

 
$
13


Net periodic pension cost is the sum of service cost, interest cost, and other costs netted against the expected return on plan assets. The expected return on plan assets is determined by multiplying the expected rate of return on plan assets and the market-related value of plan assets. In determining the market-related value of plan assets, the Company has elected to amortize changes in the market value of all plan assets over five years rather than recognize the changes immediately. As a result, the accounting value of plan assets that is used to calculate the expected return on plan assets differs from the current fair value of the plan assets.
Future benefit payments reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the projected benefit obligation for the pension plans. At December 31, 2015, estimated benefit payments were as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
(in millions)
2016
$
20

2017
21

2018
22

2019
24

2020
25

2021 to 2025
146


Other Postretirement Benefits
Changes in the APBO and in the fair value of plan assets during the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
96

 
$
81

Service cost
1

 
1

Interest cost
4

 
4

Benefits paid
(5
)
 
(5
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
(1
)
 
14

Plan amendment
1

 

Retiree drug subsidy
1

 
1

Balance at end of year
97

 
96

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
24

 
23

Actual return on plan assets

 
2

Employer contributions
3

 
3

Benefits paid
(4
)
 
(4
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
23

 
24

Accrued liability
$
(74
)
 
$
(72
)

Amounts recognized in the balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the Company's other postretirement benefit plans consist of the following:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Other regulatory assets, deferred
$
21

 
$
18

Other regulatory liabilities, deferred
(3
)
 
(2
)
Employee benefit obligations
(74
)
 
(72
)

Presented below are the amounts included in net regulatory assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2015 and 2014 related to the other postretirement benefit plans that had not yet been recognized in net periodic other postretirement benefit cost along with the estimated amortization of such amounts for 2016.
 
2015
 
2014
 
Estimated Amortization in 2016
 
(in millions)
Prior service cost
$

 
$
(2
)
 
$

Net (gain) loss
(18
)
 
18

 
1

Net regulatory assets
$
(18
)
 
$
16

 
 

The changes in the balance of net regulatory assets (liabilities) related to the other postretirement benefit plans for the plan years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented in the following table:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in millions)
Net regulatory assets (liabilities):
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
16

 
$
2

Net (gain) loss

 
14

Change in prior service costs
3

 

Reclassification adjustments:
 
 
 
Amortization of net gain (loss)
(1
)
 

Total reclassification adjustments
(1
)
 

Total change
2

 
14

Ending balance
$
18

 
$
16


Components of the other postretirement benefit plans' net periodic cost were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Service cost
$
1

 
$
1

 
$
1

Interest cost
4

 
4

 
4

Expected return on plan assets
(2
)
 
(2
)
 
(1
)
Net amortization
1

 

 

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
$
4

 
$
3

 
$
4


Future benefit payments, including prescription drug benefits, reflect expected future service and are estimated based on assumptions used to measure the APBO for the other postretirement benefit plans. Estimated benefit payments are reduced by drug subsidy receipts expected as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 as follows:
 
Benefit
Payments
 
Subsidy
Receipts
 
Total
 
(in millions)
2016
$
6

 
$

 
$
6

2017
6

 
(1
)
 
5

2018
6

 
(1
)
 
5

2019
7

 
(1
)
 
6

2020
7

 
(1
)
 
6

2021 to 2025
36

 
(2
)
 
34


Benefit Plan Assets
Pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets are managed and invested in accordance with all applicable requirements, including ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Internal Revenue Code). The Company's investment policies for both the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plans cover a diversified mix of assets, including equity and fixed income securities, real estate, and private equity. Derivative instruments are used primarily to gain efficient exposure to the various asset classes and as hedging tools. The Company minimizes the risk of large losses primarily through diversification but also monitors and manages other aspects of risk.
The composition of the Company's pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, along with the targeted mix of assets for each plan, is presented below:
 
Target
 
2015
 
2014
Pension plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
26
%
 
30
%
 
30
%
International equity
25

 
23

 
23

Fixed income
23

 
23

 
27

Special situations
3

 
2

 
1

Real estate investments
14

 
16

 
14

Private equity
9

 
6

 
5

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
Other postretirement benefit plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity
21
%
 
24
%
 
24
%
International equity
20

 
18

 
19

Domestic fixed income
38

 
38

 
41

Special situations
3

 
2

 
1

Real estate investments
11

 
13

 
11

Private equity
7

 
5

 
4

Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%

The investment strategy for plan assets related to the Company's qualified pension plan is to be broadly diversified across major asset classes. The asset allocation is established after consideration of various factors that affect the assets and liabilities of the pension plan including, but not limited to, historical and expected returns and interest rates, volatility, correlations of asset classes, the current level of assets and liabilities, and the assumed growth in assets and liabilities. Because a significant portion of the liability of the pension plan is long-term in nature, the assets are invested consistent with long-term investment expectations for return and risk. To manage the actual asset class exposures relative to the target asset allocation, the Company employs a formal rebalancing program. As additional risk management, external investment managers and service providers are subject to written guidelines to ensure appropriate and prudent investment practices.
Investment Strategies
Detailed below is a description of the investment strategies for each major asset category for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans disclosed above:
Domestic equity. A mix of large and small capitalization stocks with generally an equal distribution of value and growth attributes, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
International equity. A mix of growth stocks and value stocks with both developed and emerging market exposure, managed both actively and through passive index approaches.
Fixed income. A mix of domestic and international bonds.
Special situations. Investments in opportunistic strategies with the objective of diversifying and enhancing returns and exploiting short-term inefficiencies as well as investments in promising new strategies of a longer-term nature.
Real estate investments. Investments in traditional private market, equity-oriented investments in real properties (indirectly through pooled funds or partnerships) and in publicly traded real estate securities.
Private equity. Investments in private partnerships that invest in private or public securities typically through privately-negotiated and/or structured transactions, including leveraged buyouts, venture capital, and distressed debt.
Benefit Plan Asset Fair Values
Following are the fair value measurements for the pension plan and the other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. The fair values presented are prepared in accordance with GAAP. For purposes of determining the fair value of the pension plan and other postretirement benefit plan assets and the appropriate level designation, management relies on information provided by the plan's trustee. This information is reviewed and evaluated by management with changes made to the trustee information as appropriate.
Valuation methods of the primary fair value measurements disclosed in the following tables are as follows:
Domestic and international equity. Investments in equity securities such as common stocks, American depositary receipts, and real estate investment trusts that trade on a public exchange are classified as Level 1 investments and are valued at the closing price in the active market. Equity investments with unpublished prices (i.e. pooled funds) are valued as Level 2, when the underlying holdings used to value the investment are comprised of Level 1 or Level 2 equity securities.
Fixed income. Investments in fixed income securities are generally classified as Level 2 investments and are valued based on prices reported in the market place. Additionally, the value of fixed income securities takes into consideration certain items such as broker quotes, spreads, yield curves, interest rates, and discount rates that apply to the term of a specific instrument.
Real estate investments and private equity. Investments in private equity and real estate are generally classified as Level 3 as the underlying assets typically do not have observable inputs. The fund manager values the assets using various inputs and techniques depending on the nature of the underlying investments. In the case of private equity, techniques may include purchase multiples for comparable transactions, comparable public company trading multiples, and discounted cash flow analysis. Real estate managers generally use prevailing market capitalization rates, recent sales of comparable investments, and independent third-party appraisals to value underlying real estate investments. The fair value of partnerships is determined by aggregating the value of the underlying assets.
The fair values of pension plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. Assets that are considered special situations investments, primarily real estate investments and private equities, are presented in the tables below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
76

 
$
32

 
$

 
$

 
$
108

International equity*
55

 
46

 

 

 
101

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
21

 

 

 
21

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
9

 

 

 
9

Corporate bonds

 
53

 

 

 
53

Pooled funds

 
23

 

 

 
23

Cash equivalents and other

 
7

 

 

 
7

Real estate investments
14

 

 

 
57

 
71

Private equity

 

 

 
30

 
30

Total
$
145

 
$
191

 
$

 
$
87

 
$
423

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2014:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
78

 
$
32

 
$

 
$

 
$
110

International equity*
49

 
45

 

 

 
94

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
32

 

 

 
32

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 
9

 

 

 
9

Corporate bonds

 
53

 

 

 
53

Pooled funds

 
24

 

 

 
24

Cash equivalents and other

 
30

 

 

 
30

Real estate investments
14

 

 

 
51

 
65

Private equity

 

 

 
26

 
26

Total
$
141

 
$
225

 
$

 
$
77

 
$
443

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

The fair values of other postretirement benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are presented below. These fair value measurements exclude cash, receivables related to investment income, pending investments sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases. Assets that are considered special situations investments, primarily real estate investments and private equities, are presented in the tables below based on the nature of the investment.
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2015:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
3

 
$
1

 
$

 
$

 
$
4

International equity*
2

 
2

 

 

 
4

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
6

 

 

 
6

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 

 

 

 

Corporate bonds

 
2

 

 

 
2

Pooled funds

 
1

 

 

 
1

Cash equivalents and other
1

 

 

 

 
1

Real estate investments
1

 

 

 
3

 
4

Private equity

 

 

 
1

 
1

Total
$
7

 
$
12

 
$

 
$
4

 
$
23

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Net Asset Value as a Practical Expedient
 
 
As of December 31, 2014:
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
 
(NAV)
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic equity*
$
3

 
$
2

 
$

 
$

 
$
5

International equity*
2

 
2

 

 

 
4

Fixed income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, government, and agency bonds

 
6

 

 

 
6

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

 

 

 

 

Corporate bonds

 
2

 

 

 
2

Pooled funds

 
1

 

 

 
1

Cash equivalents and other
1

 
1

 

 

 
2

Real estate investments
1

 

 

 
2

 
3

Private equity

 

 

 
1

 
1

Total
$
7

 
$
14

 
$

 
$
3

 
$
24

*
Level 1 securities consist of actively traded stocks while Level 2 securities consist of pooled funds. Management believes that the portfolio is well-diversified with no significant concentrations of risk.

Employee Savings Plan
The Company also sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering substantially all employees. The Company provides an 85% matching contribution on up to 6% of an employee's base salary. Total matching contributions made to the plan for 2015, 2014, and 2013 were $5 million, $5 million, and $4 million, respectively.