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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
General
The Southern Company (Southern Company or the Company) is the parent company of four traditional operating companies, Southern Power, SCS, SouthernLINC Wireless, Southern Company Holdings, Inc. (Southern Holdings), Southern Nuclear, and other direct and indirect subsidiaries. The traditional operating companies – Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power – are vertically integrated utilities providing electric service in four Southeastern states. Southern Power constructs, acquires, owns, and manages generation assets, including renewable energy projects, and sells electricity at market-based rates in the wholesale market. SCS, the system service company, provides, at cost, specialized services to Southern Company and its subsidiary companies. SouthernLINC Wireless provides digital wireless communications for use by Southern Company and its subsidiary companies and also markets these services to the public and provides fiber cable services within the Southeast. Southern Holdings is an intermediate holding company subsidiary, primarily for Southern Company's investments in leveraged leases. Southern Nuclear operates and provides services to the Southern Company system's nuclear power plants.
The financial statements reflect Southern Company's investments in the subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The equity method is used for entities in which the Company has significant influence but does not control and for variable interest entities where the Company has an equity investment, but is not the primary beneficiary. All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The traditional operating companies, Southern Power, and certain of their subsidiaries are subject to regulation by the FERC, and the traditional operating companies are also subject to regulation by their respective state PSCs. The companies follow GAAP in the U.S. and comply with the accounting policies and practices prescribed by their respective commissions. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates, and the actual results may differ from those estimates. Certain prior years' data presented in the financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASC 606 revises the accounting for revenue recognition and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Southern Company continues to evaluate the requirements of ASC 606. The ultimate impact of the new standard has not yet been determined.
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
The traditional operating companies are subject to the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board in accounting for the effects of rate regulation. Regulatory assets represent probable future revenues associated with certain costs that are expected to be recovered from customers through the ratemaking process. Regulatory liabilities represent probable future reductions in revenues associated with amounts that are expected to be credited to customers through the ratemaking process.
Regulatory assets and (liabilities) reflected in the balance sheets at December 31 relate to:
 
2014

 
2013

 
Note
 
(in millions)
 
 
Retiree benefit plans
$
3,469

 
$
1,760

 
(a,p)
Deferred income tax charges
1,458

 
1,376

 
(b)
Loss on reacquired debt
267

 
293

 
(c)
Fuel-hedging-asset
202

 
58

 
(d,p)
Deferred PPA charges
185

 
180

 
(e,p)
Vacation pay
177

 
171

 
(f,p)
Under recovered regulatory clause revenues
157

 
70

 
(g)
Kemper IGCC regulatory assets
148

 
76

 
(h)
Asset retirement obligations-asset
119

 
145

 
(b,p)
Nuclear outage
99

 
78

 
(g)
Property damage reserves-asset
98

 
37

 
(i)
Cancelled construction projects
67

 
70

 
(j)
Environmental remediation-asset
64

 
62

 
(k,p)
Deferred income tax charges — Medicare subsidy
57

 
65

 
(l)
Other regulatory assets
195

 
222

 
(m)
Other cost of removal obligations
(1,229
)
 
(1,289
)
 
(b)
Kemper regulatory liability (Mirror CWIP)
(271
)
 
(91
)
 
(h)
Deferred income tax credits
(192
)
 
(203
)
 
(b)
Property damage reserves-liability
(181
)
 
(191
)
 
(n)
Asset retirement obligations-liability
(130
)
 
(139
)
 
(b,p)
Other regulatory liabilities
(95
)
 
(126
)
 
(o)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net
$
4,664

 
$
2,624

 
 

Note: The recovery and amortization periods for these regulatory assets and (liabilities) are as follows:
(a)
Recovered and amortized over the average remaining service period which may range up to 15 years. See Note 2 for additional information.
(b)
Asset retirement and removal assets and liabilities are recorded, deferred income tax assets are recovered, and deferred income tax liabilities are amortized over the related property lives, which may range up to 70 years. Asset retirement and removal assets and liabilities will be settled and trued up following completion of the related activities. At December 31, 2014, other cost of removal obligations included $29 million that will be amortized over the two-year period from January 2015 through December 2016 in accordance with Georgia Power's 2013 ARP. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Rate Plans" for additional information. At December 31, 2014, other cost of removal obligations included $8.4 million recorded as authorized by the Florida PSC in the Settlement Agreement approved in December 2013 (Gulf Power Settlement Agreement).
(c)
Recovered over either the remaining life of the original issue or, if refinanced, over the remaining life of the new issue, which may range up to 50 years.
(d)
Recorded over the life of the underlying hedged purchase contracts, which generally do not exceed five years. Upon final settlement, actual costs incurred are recovered through the energy cost recovery clause.
(e)
Recovered over the life of the PPA for periods up to nine years.
(f)
Recorded as earned by employees and recovered as paid, generally within one year. This includes both vacation and banked holiday pay.
(g)
Recorded and recovered or amortized as approved or accepted by the appropriate state PSCs over periods not exceeding 10 years.
(h)
For additional information, see Note 3 under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle – Rate Recovery of Kemper IGCC Costs – Regulatory Assets and    Liabilities."
(i)
Recorded and recovered or amortized as approved or accepted by the appropriate state PSCs over periods generally not exceeding eight years.
(j)
Costs associated with construction of environmental controls that will not be completed as a result of unit retirements being amortized as approved by the Georgia PSC over periods not exceeding nine years or through 2022.
(k)
Recovered through the environmental cost recovery clause when the remediation is performed.
(l)
Recovered and amortized as approved by the appropriate state PSCs over periods not exceeding 15 years.
(m)
Comprised of numerous immaterial components including property taxes, generation site selection/evaluation costs, demand side management cost deferrals, regulatory deferrals, building leases, net book value of retired generating units, Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4 regulatory assets, and other miscellaneous assets. These costs are recorded and recovered or amortized as approved by the appropriate state PSC over periods generally not exceeding 10 years or, as applicable, over the remaining life of the asset but not beyond 2031.
(n)
Recovered as storm restoration and potential reliability-related expenses are incurred as approved by the appropriate state PSCs.
(o)
Comprised of numerous immaterial components including over-recovered regulatory clause revenues, fuel-hedging liabilities, mine reclamation and remediation liabilities, PPA credits, nuclear disposal fees, and other liabilities that are recorded and recovered or amortized as approved by the appropriate state PSCs generally over periods not exceeding 10 years.
(p)
Not earning a return as offset in rate base by a corresponding asset or liability.
In the event that a portion of a traditional operating company's operations is no longer subject to applicable accounting rules for rate regulation, such company would be required to write off to income or reclassify to accumulated OCI related regulatory assets and liabilities that are not specifically recoverable through regulated rates. In addition, the traditional operating company would be required to determine if any impairment to other assets, including plant, exists and write down the assets, if impaired, to their fair values. All regulatory assets and liabilities are to be reflected in rates. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Alabama Power," "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power," and "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information.
Revenues
Wholesale capacity revenues from PPAs are recognized either on a levelized basis over the appropriate contract period or the amount billable under the contract terms. Energy and other revenues are recognized as services are provided. Unbilled revenues related to retail sales are accrued at the end of each fiscal period. Electric rates for the traditional operating companies include provisions to adjust billings for fluctuations in fuel costs, fuel hedging, the energy component of purchased power costs, and certain other costs. Revenues are adjusted for differences between these actual costs and amounts billed in current regulated rates. Under or over recovered regulatory clause revenues are recorded in the balance sheets and are recovered or returned to customers through adjustments to the billing factors.
Southern Company's electric utility subsidiaries have a diversified base of customers. No single customer or industry comprises 10% or more of revenues. For all periods presented, uncollectible accounts averaged less than 1% of revenues.
Fuel Costs
Fuel costs are expensed as the fuel is used. Fuel expense generally includes fuel transportation costs and the cost of purchased emissions allowances as they are used. Fuel expense also includes the amortization of the cost of nuclear fuel and a charge, based on nuclear generation, for the permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel.
Income and Other Taxes
Southern Company uses the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes and provides deferred income taxes for all significant income tax temporary differences. Taxes that are collected from customers on behalf of governmental agencies to be remitted to these agencies are presented net on the statements of income.
In accordance with regulatory requirements, deferred federal ITCs for the traditional operating companies are amortized over the average lives of the related property with such amortization normally applied as a credit to reduce depreciation in the statements of income. Credits amortized in this manner amounted to $22 million in 2014, $16 million in 2013, and $23 million in 2012. At December 31, 2014, all ITCs available to reduce federal income taxes payable had not been utilized. The remaining ITCs will be carried forward and utilized in future years. Additionally, several subsidiaries have state ITCs, which are recognized in the period in which the credit is claimed on the state income tax return. A portion of the state ITCs available to reduce state income taxes payable was not utilized currently and will be carried forward and utilized in future years.
Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA), certain projects at Southern Power are eligible for federal ITCs or cash grants. Southern Power has elected to receive ITCs. The credits are recorded as a deferred credit and are amortized to income tax expense over the life of the asset. Credits amortized in this manner amounted to $11.4 million in 2014, $5.5 million in 2013, and $2.6 million in 2012. Also, Southern Power received cash related to federal ITCs under the renewable energy incentives of $74 million, $158 million, and $45 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively, which had a material impact on cash flows. Furthermore, the tax basis of the asset is reduced by 50% of the credits received, resulting in a net deferred tax asset. Southern Power has elected to recognize the tax benefit of this basis difference as a reduction to income tax expense in the year in which the plant reaches commercial operation. The tax benefit of the related basis differences reduced income tax expense by $48 million in 2014, $31 million in 2013, and $8 million in 2012.
In accordance with accounting standards related to the uncertainty in income taxes, Southern Company recognizes tax positions that are "more likely than not" of being sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities. See Note 5 under "Unrecognized Tax Benefits" for additional information.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost less any regulatory disallowances and impairments. Original cost includes: materials; labor; minor items of property; appropriate administrative and general costs; payroll-related costs such as taxes, pensions, and other benefits; and the interest capitalized and cost of equity funds used during construction.
The Southern Company system's property, plant, and equipment in service consisted of the following at December 31:
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Generation
$
37,892

 
$
35,360

Transmission
9,884

 
9,289

Distribution
17,123

 
16,499

General
4,198

 
3,958

Plant acquisition adjustment
123

 
123

Utility plant in service
69,220

 
65,229

Information technology equipment and software
244

 
242

Communications equipment
439

 
437

Other
110

 
113

Other plant in service
793

 
792

Total plant in service
$
70,013

 
$
66,021


The cost of replacements of property, exclusive of minor items of property, is capitalized. The cost of maintenance, repairs, and replacement of minor items of property is charged to other operations and maintenance expenses as incurred or performed with the exception of nuclear refueling costs, which are recorded in accordance with specific state PSC orders. Alabama Power and Georgia Power defer and amortize nuclear refueling costs over the unit's operating cycle. The refueling cycles for Alabama Power's Plant Farley and Georgia Power's Plants Hatch and Vogtle Units 1 and 2 range from 18 to 24 months, depending on the unit.
Assets acquired under a capital lease are included in property, plant, and equipment and are further detailed in the table below:

Asset Balances at
December 31,

2014

2013

(in millions)
Office building
$
61


$
61

Nitrogen plant
83


83

Computer-related equipment
60


62

Gas pipeline
6


6

Less: Accumulated amortization
(49
)

(48
)
Balance, net of amortization
$
161


$
164


The amount of non-cash property additions recognized for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 was $528 million, $411 million, and $524 million, respectively. These amounts are comprised of construction-related accounts payable outstanding at each year end. Also, the amount of non-cash property additions associated with capitalized leases for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 was $25 million, $107 million, and $14 million, respectively.
Acquisitions
Southern Power acquires generation assets as part of its overall growth strategy. Southern Power accounts for business acquisitions from non-affiliates as business combinations. Accordingly, Southern Power has included these operations in the consolidated financial statements from the respective date of acquisition. The purchase price, including contingent consideration, if any, of each acquisition was allocated based on the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities. Assets acquired that do not meet the definition of a business in accordance with GAAP are accounted for as asset acquisitions. The purchase price of each asset acquisition was allocated based on the relative fair value of assets acquired. Any due diligence or transition costs incurred by Southern Power for successful or potential acquisitions have been expensed as incurred.
Acquisitions entered into or made by Southern Power during 2014 and 2013 are detailed in the table below:

MW Capacity
Percentage
Ownership
Year
of
Operation
Party Under PPA Contract
for Plant Output
PPA Contract Period
Purchase Price
 


 



(millions)
 
SG2 Imperial Valley, LLC (a)
150

51%
2014
San Diego Gas &
Electric Company
25 years
$504.7
(c) 
Macho Springs Solar LLC (b)
50

90
2014
El Paso Electric Company
20 years
$130.0
(d) 
Adobe Solar, LLC (b)
20

90
2014
Southern California
Edison Company
20 years
$96.2
(d) 
Campo Verde Solar, LLC (b)(e)
139

90
2013
San Diego Gas &
Electric Company
20 years
$136.6
(d) 

(a)
This acquisition was made by Southern Power through its subsidiaries Southern Renewable Partnerships, LLC and SG2 Holdings, LLC. SG2 Holdings, LLC is jointly-owned by Southern Power and First Solar, Inc.
(b)
This acquisition was made by Southern Power and Turner Renewable Energy, LLC through Southern Turner Renewable Energy, LLC.
(c)
Reflects Southern Power's portion of the purchase price.
(d)
Reflects 100% of the purchase price, including Turner Renewable Energy, LLC's 10% equity contribution.
(e)
Under an engineering, procurement, and construction agreement, an additional $355.5 million was paid to a subsidiary of First Solar, Inc. to complete the construction of the solar facility.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation of the original cost of utility plant in service is provided primarily by using composite straight-line rates, which approximated 3.1% in 2014, 3.3% in 2013, and 3.2% in 2012. Depreciation studies are conducted periodically to update the composite rates. These studies are filed with the respective state PSC and the FERC for the traditional operating companies. Accumulated depreciation for utility plant in service totaled $23.5 billion and $22.5 billion at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. When property subject to composite depreciation is retired or otherwise disposed of in the normal course of business, its original cost, together with the cost of removal, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation. For other property dispositions, the applicable cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet accounts, and a gain or loss is recognized. Minor items of property included in the original cost of the plant are retired when the related property unit is retired. Certain of Southern Power's generation assets are now depreciated on a units-of-production basis, using hours or starts, to better match outage and maintenance costs to the usage of and revenues from these assets. Cost, net of salvage value, of these assets is depreciated on an hours or starts units-of-production basis. The book value of plant-in-service as of December 31, 2014 that is depreciated on a units-of-production basis was approximately $470.2 million.
In 2009, the Georgia PSC approved an accounting order allowing Georgia Power to amortize a portion of its regulatory liability related to other cost of removal obligations. Under the terms of Georgia Power's Alternate Rate Plan for the years 2011 through 2013 (2010 ARP), Georgia Power amortized approximately $31 million annually of the remaining regulatory liability related to other cost of removal obligations over the three years ended December 31, 2013. Under the terms of the 2013 ARP, an additional $14 million is being amortized annually by Georgia Power over the three years ending December 31, 2016. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Rate Plans" for additional information.
Depreciation of the original cost of other plant in service is provided primarily on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives ranging from three to 25 years. Accumulated depreciation for other plant in service totaled $533 million and $513 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Asset Retirement Obligations and Other Costs of Removal
Asset retirement obligations (ARO) are computed as the present value of the ultimate costs for an asset's future retirement and are recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred. The costs are capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset and depreciated over the asset's useful life. Each traditional operating company has received accounting guidance from the various state PSCs allowing the continued accrual of other future retirement costs for long-lived assets that it does not have a legal obligation to retire. Accordingly, the accumulated removal costs for these obligations are reflected in the balance sheets as a regulatory liability.
The liability for AROs primarily relates to the decommissioning of the Southern Company system's nuclear facilities, Plants Farley, Hatch, and Vogtle. In addition, the Southern Company system has retirement obligations related to various landfill sites, ash ponds, asbestos removal, mine reclamation, and disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls in certain transformers. The Southern Company system also has identified retirement obligations related to certain transmission and distribution facilities, certain wireless communication towers, property associated with the Southern Company system's rail lines and natural gas pipelines, and certain structures authorized by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. However, liabilities for the removal of these assets have not been recorded because the settlement timing for the retirement obligations related to these assets is indeterminable and, therefore, the fair value of the retirement obligations cannot be reasonably estimated. A liability for these AROs will be recognized when sufficient information becomes available to support a reasonable estimation of the ARO. The Company will continue to recognize in the statements of income allowed removal costs in accordance with regulatory treatment. Any differences between costs recognized in accordance with accounting standards related to asset retirement and environmental obligations and those reflected in rates are recognized as either a regulatory asset or liability, as ordered by the various state PSCs, and are reflected in the balance sheets. See "Nuclear Decommissioning" herein for additional information on amounts included in rates.
Details of the AROs included in the balance sheets are as follows:
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Balance at beginning of year
$
2,018

 
$
1,757

Liabilities incurred
18

 
6

Liabilities settled
(17
)
 
(16
)
Accretion
102

 
97

Cash flow revisions
80

 
174

Balance at end of year
$
2,201

 
$
2,018


The cash flow revisions in 2014 are primarily related to Alabama Power's and SEGCO's AROs associated with asbestos at their steam generation facilities. The cash flow revisions in 2013 are primarily related to revisions to the nuclear decommissioning ARO based on Alabama Power's updated decommissioning study and Georgia Power's updated estimates for ash ponds in connection with the retirement of certain coal-fired generating units.
On December 19, 2014, the EPA issued the Disposal of Coal Combustion Residuals from Electric Utilities final rule (CCR Rule), but has not yet published it in the Federal Register. The CCR Rule will regulate the disposal of CCR, including coal ash and gypsum, as non-hazardous solid waste in landfills and surface impoundments at active generating power plants. The ultimate impact of the CCR Rule cannot be determined at this time and will depend on the traditional operating companies' ongoing review of the CCR Rule, the results of initial and ongoing minimum criteria assessments, and the outcome of legal challenges. The cost and timing of potential ash pond closure and ongoing monitoring activities that may be required in connection with the CCR Rule is also uncertain; however, Southern Company has developed a preliminary nominal dollar estimate of costs associated with closure and groundwater monitoring of ash ponds in place of approximately $860 million and ongoing post-closure care of approximately $140 million. Certain of the traditional operating companies have previously recorded AROs associated with ash ponds of $506 million, or $468 million on a nominal dollar basis, based on existing state requirements. During 2015, the traditional operating companies will record AROs for any incremental estimated closure costs resulting from acceleration in the timing of any currently planned closures and for differences between existing state requirements and the requirements of the CCR Rule. Southern Company's results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition could be significantly impacted if such costs are not recovered through regulated rates.
Nuclear Decommissioning
The NRC requires licensees of commercial nuclear power reactors to establish a plan for providing reasonable assurance of funds for future decommissioning. Alabama Power and Georgia Power have external trust funds (Funds) to comply with the NRC's regulations. Use of the Funds is restricted to nuclear decommissioning activities. The Funds are managed and invested in accordance with applicable requirements of various regulatory bodies, including the NRC, the FERC, and state PSCs, as well as the IRS. While Alabama Power and Georgia Power are allowed to prescribe an overall investment policy to the Funds' managers, neither Southern Company nor its subsidiaries or affiliates are allowed to engage in the day-to-day management of the Funds or to mandate individual investment decisions. Day-to-day management of the investments in the Funds is delegated to unrelated third party managers with oversight by the management of Southern Company, Alabama Power, and Georgia Power. The Funds' managers are authorized, within certain investment guidelines, to actively buy and sell securities at their own discretion in order to maximize the return on the Funds' investments. The Funds are invested in a tax-efficient manner in a diversified mix of equity and fixed income securities and are reported as trading securities.
Southern Company records the investment securities held in the Funds at fair value, as disclosed in Note 10, as management believes that fair value best represents the nature of the Funds. Gains and losses, whether realized or unrealized, are recorded in the regulatory liability for AROs in the balance sheets and are not included in net income or OCI. Fair value adjustments and realized gains and losses are determined on a specific identification basis.
The Funds at Georgia Power participate in a securities lending program through the managers of the Funds. Under this program, the Funds' investment securities are loaned to institutional investors for a fee. Securities loaned are fully collateralized by cash, letters of credit, and/or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, approximately $51 million and $32 million, respectively, of the fair market value of the Funds' securities were on loan and pledged to creditors under the Funds' managers' securities lending program. The fair value of the collateral received was approximately $52 million and $33 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and can only be sold by the borrower upon the return of the loaned securities. The collateral received is treated as a non-cash item in the statements of cash flows.
At December 31, 2014, investment securities in the Funds totaled $1.5 billion, consisting of equity securities of $886 million, debt securities of $638 million, and $19 million of other securities. At December 31, 2013, investment securities in the Funds totaled $1.5 billion, consisting of equity securities of $896 million, debt securities of $528 million, and $40 million of other securities. These amounts include the investment securities pledged to creditors and collateral received and exclude receivables related to investment income and pending investment sales and payables related to pending investment purchases and the lending pool.
Sales of the securities held in the Funds resulted in cash proceeds of $913 million, $1.0 billion, and $1.0 billion in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively, all of which were reinvested. For 2014, fair value increases, including reinvested interest and dividends and excluding the Funds' expenses, were $98 million, of which $2 million related to realized gains and $19 million related to unrealized gains and losses related to securities held in the Funds at December 31, 2014. For 2013, fair value increases, including reinvested interest and dividends and excluding the Funds' expenses, were $181 million, of which $5 million related to realized gains and $119 million related to unrealized gains related to securities held in the Funds at December 31, 2013. For 2012, fair value increases, including reinvested interest and dividends and excluding the Funds' expenses, were $137 million, of which $4 million related to realized gains and $75 million related to unrealized gains related to securities held in the Funds at December 31, 2012. While the investment securities held in the Funds are reported as trading securities, the Funds continue to be managed with a long-term focus. Accordingly, all purchases and sales within the Funds are presented separately in the statements of cash flows as investing cash flows, consistent with the nature of the securities and purpose for which the securities were acquired.
For Alabama Power, amounts previously recorded in internal reserves are being transferred into the Funds over periods approved by the Alabama PSC. The NRC's minimum external funding requirements are based on a generic estimate of the cost to decommission only the radioactive portions of a nuclear unit based on the size and type of reactor. Alabama Power and Georgia Power have filed plans with the NRC designed to ensure that, over time, the deposits and earnings of the Funds will provide the minimum funding amounts prescribed by the NRC.
At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the accumulated provisions for decommissioning were as follows:
 
External Trust Funds
 
Internal Reserves
 
Total
 
2014

 
2013

 
2014

 
2013

 
2014

 
2013

 
(in millions)
Plant Farley
$
754

 
$
713

 
$
21

 
$
21

 
$
775

 
$
734

Plant Hatch
496

 
469

 

 

 
496

 
469

Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2
293

 
277

 

 

 
293

 
277


Site study cost is the estimate to decommission a specific facility as of the site study year. The decommissioning cost estimates are based on prompt dismantlement and removal of the plant from service. The actual decommissioning costs may vary from these estimates because of changes in the assumed date of decommissioning, changes in NRC requirements, or changes in the assumptions used in making these estimates. The estimated costs of decommissioning as of December 31, 2014 based on the most current studies, which were performed in 2013 for Alabama Power's Plant Farley and in 2012 for the Georgia Power plants, were as follows for Alabama Power's Plant Farley and Georgia Power's ownership interests in Plant Hatch and Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2:
 
Plant Farley
 
Plant Hatch
 
Plant Vogtle
Units 1 and 2
Decommissioning periods:
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning year
2037

 
2034

 
2047

Completion year
2076

 
2068

 
2072

 
(in millions)
Site study costs:
 
 
 
 
 
Radiated structures
$
1,362

 
$
549

 
$
453

Spent fuel management

 
131

 
115

Non-radiated structures
80

 
51

 
76

Total site study costs
$
1,442

 
$
731

 
$
644


For ratemaking purposes, Alabama Power's decommissioning costs are based on the site study, and Georgia Power's decommissioning costs are based on the NRC generic estimate to decommission the radioactive portion of the facilities and the site study estimate for spent fuel management as of 2012. Under the 2013 ARP, the Georgia PSC approved Georgia Power's annual decommissioning cost through 2016 for ratemaking of $4 million and $2 million for Plant Hatch and Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2, respectively. Georgia Power expects the Georgia PSC to periodically review and adjust, if necessary, the amounts collected in rates for nuclear decommissioning costs. Significant assumptions used to determine these costs for ratemaking were an inflation rate of 4.5% and 2.4% for Alabama Power and Georgia Power, respectively, and a trust earnings rate of 7.0% and 4.4% for Alabama Power and Georgia Power, respectively.
Amounts previously contributed to the Funds for Plant Farley are currently projected to be adequate to meet the decommissioning obligations. Alabama Power will continue to provide site-specific estimates of the decommissioning costs and related projections of funds in the external trust to the Alabama PSC and, if necessary, would seek the Alabama PSC's approval to address any changes in a manner consistent with NRC and other applicable requirements.
Allowance for Funds Used During Construction and Interest Capitalized
In accordance with regulatory treatment, the traditional operating companies record AFUDC, which represents the estimated debt and equity costs of capital funds that are necessary to finance the construction of new regulated facilities. While cash is not realized currently from such allowance, AFUDC increases the revenue requirement and is recovered over the service life of the plant through a higher rate base and higher depreciation. The equity component of AFUDC is not included in calculating taxable income. Interest related to the construction of new facilities not included in the traditional operating companies' regulated rates is capitalized in accordance with standard interest capitalization requirements. AFUDC and interest capitalized, net of income taxes were 16.0%, 15.0%, and 8.2% of net income for 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
Cash payments for interest totaled $732 million, $759 million, and $803 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively, net of amounts capitalized of $111 million, $92 million, and $83 million, respectively.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangibles
Southern Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. The determination of whether an impairment has occurred is based on either a specific regulatory disallowance or an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the assets, as compared with the carrying value of the assets. If an impairment has occurred, the amount of the impairment recognized is determined by either the amount of regulatory disallowance or by estimating the fair value of the assets and recording a loss if the carrying value is greater than the fair value. For assets identified as held for sale, the carrying value is compared to the estimated fair value less the cost to sell in order to determine if an impairment loss is required. Until the assets are disposed of, their estimated fair value is re-evaluated when circumstances or events change.
Storm Damage Reserves
Each traditional operating company maintains a reserve to cover or is allowed to defer and recover the cost of damages from major storms to its transmission and distribution lines and generally the cost of uninsured damages to its generation facilities and other property. In accordance with their respective state PSC orders, the traditional operating companies accrued $40 million in 2014 and $28 million in 2013. Alabama Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power also have authority based on orders from their state PSCs to accrue certain additional amounts as circumstances warrant. In 2014 and 2013, there were no such additional accruals. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Alabama Power – Natural Disaster Reserve" and "Retail Regulatory Matters – Georgia Power – Storm Damage Recovery" for additional information regarding Alabama Power's NDR and Georgia Power's deferred storm costs, respectively.
Leveraged Leases
Southern Company has several leveraged lease agreements, with original terms ranging up to 45 years, which relate to international and domestic energy generation, distribution, and transportation assets. Southern Company receives federal income tax deductions for depreciation and amortization, as well as interest on long-term debt related to these investments. The Company reviews all important lease assumptions at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that a change in assumptions has occurred or may occur. These assumptions include the effective tax rate, the residual value, the credit quality of the lessees, and the timing of expected tax cash flows.
Southern Company's net investment in domestic and international leveraged leases consists of the following at December 31:
 
2014

 
2013

 
(in millions)
Net rentals receivable
$
1,495

 
$
1,440

Unearned income
(752
)
 
(775
)
Investment in leveraged leases
743

 
665

Deferred taxes from leveraged leases
(299
)
 
(287
)
Net investment in leveraged leases
$
444

 
$
378


A summary of the components of income from the leveraged leases follows:
 
2014

 
2013

 
2012

 
(in millions)
Pretax leveraged lease income (loss)
$
24

 
$
(5
)
 
$
21

Income tax expense
(9
)
 
2

 
(8
)
Net leveraged lease income (loss)
$
15

 
$
(3
)
 
$
13


Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the financial statements, temporary cash investments are considered cash equivalents. Temporary cash investments are securities with original maturities of 90 days or less.
Materials and Supplies
Generally, materials and supplies include the average cost of transmission, distribution, and generating plant materials. Materials are charged to inventory when purchased and then expensed or capitalized to plant, as appropriate, at weighted average cost when installed.
Fuel Inventory
Fuel inventory includes the average cost of coal, natural gas, oil, transportation, and emissions allowances. Fuel is charged to inventory when purchased and then expensed, at weighted average cost, as used and recovered by the traditional operating companies through fuel cost recovery rates approved by each state PSC. Emissions allowances granted by the EPA are included in inventory at zero cost.
Financial Instruments
Southern Company and its subsidiaries use derivative financial instruments to limit exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, the prices of certain fuel purchases, electricity purchases and sales, and occasionally foreign currency exchange rates. All derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities (included in "Other" or shown separately as "Risk Management Activities") and are measured at fair value. See Note 10 for additional information regarding fair value. Substantially all of the Southern Company system's bulk energy purchases and sales contracts that meet the definition of a derivative are excluded from fair value accounting requirements because they qualify for the "normal" scope exception, and are accounted for under the accrual method. Derivative contracts that qualify as cash flow hedges of anticipated transactions or are recoverable through the traditional operating companies' fuel-hedging programs result in the deferral of related gains and losses in OCI or regulatory assets and liabilities, respectively, until the hedged transactions occur. Any ineffectiveness arising from cash flow hedges is recognized currently in net income. Other derivative contracts that qualify as fair value hedges are marked to market through current period income and are recorded on a net basis in the statements of income. See Note 11 for additional information regarding derivatives.
The Company does not offset fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. At December 31, 2014, the amount included in accounts payable in the balance sheets that the Company has recognized for the obligation to return cash collateral arising from derivative instruments was immaterial.
Southern Company is exposed to losses related to financial instruments in the event of counterparties' nonperformance. The Company has established controls to determine and monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties in order to mitigate the Company's exposure to counterparty credit risk.
Comprehensive Income
The objective of comprehensive income is to report a measure of all changes in common stock equity of an enterprise that result from transactions and other economic events of the period other than transactions with owners. Comprehensive income consists of net income, changes in the fair value of qualifying cash flow hedges and marketable securities, certain changes in pension and other postretirement benefit plans, reclassifications for amounts included in net income, and dividends on preferred and preference stock of subsidiaries.
Accumulated OCI (loss) balances, net of tax effects, were as follows:
 
Qualifying
Hedges
 
Marketable
Securities
 
Pension and Other
Postretirement
Benefit Plans
 
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2013
$
(36
)
 
$

 
$
(39
)
 
$
(75
)
Current period change
(5
)
 

 
(48
)
 
(53
)
Balance at December 31, 2014
$
(41
)
 
$

 
$
(87
)
 
$
(128
)
Alabama Power [Member]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
General
Alabama Power Company (the Company) is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Southern Company (Southern Company), which is the parent company of four traditional operating companies, Southern Power, SCS, SouthernLINC Wireless, Southern Company Holdings, Inc. (Southern Holdings), Southern Nuclear, and other direct and indirect subsidiaries. The traditional operating companies – the Company, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power – are vertically integrated utilities providing electric service in four Southeastern states. The Company operates as a vertically integrated utility providing electricity to retail and wholesale customers within its traditional service territory located in the State of Alabama in addition to wholesale customers in the Southeast. Southern Power constructs, acquires, owns, and manages generation assets, including renewable energy projects, and sells electricity at market-based rates in the wholesale market. SCS, the system service company, provides, at cost, specialized services to Southern Company and its subsidiary companies. SouthernLINC Wireless provides digital wireless communications for use by Southern Company and its subsidiary companies and also markets these services to the public and provides fiber cable services within the Southeast. Southern Holdings is an intermediate holding company subsidiary primarily for Southern Company's investments in leveraged leases. Southern Nuclear operates and provides services to the Southern Company system's nuclear power plants, including the Company's Plant Farley.
The equity method is used for subsidiaries in which the Company has significant influence but does not control and for variable interest entities (VIEs) where the Company has an equity investment, but is not the primary beneficiary.
The Company is subject to regulation by the FERC and the Alabama PSC. The Company follows GAAP in the U.S. and complies with the accounting policies and practices prescribed by its regulatory commissions. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates, and the actual results may differ from those estimates. Certain prior years' data presented in the financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASC 606 revises the accounting for revenue recognition and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company continues to evaluate the requirements of ASC 606. The ultimate impact of the new standard has not yet been determined.
Affiliate Transactions
The Company has an agreement with SCS under which the following services are rendered to the Company at direct or allocated cost: general and design engineering, operations, purchasing, accounting, finance and treasury, tax, information technology, marketing, auditing, insurance and pension administration, human resources, systems and procedures, digital wireless communications, and other services with respect to business and operations, construction management, and power pool transactions. Costs for these services amounted to $400 million, $340 million, and $340 million during 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Cost allocation methodologies used by SCS prior to the repeal of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, as amended, were approved by the SEC. Subsequently, additional cost allocation methodologies have been reported to the FERC and management believes they are reasonable. The FERC permits services to be rendered at cost by system service companies.
The Company has an agreement with Southern Nuclear under which the following nuclear-related services are rendered to the Company at cost: general executive and advisory services, general operations, management and technical services, administrative services including procurement, accounting, employee relations, systems and procedures services, strategic planning and budgeting services, and other services with respect to business and operations. Costs for these services amounted to $234 million, $211 million, and $218 million during 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
The Company jointly owns Plant Greene County with Mississippi Power. The Company has an agreement with Mississippi Power under which the Company operates Plant Greene County, and Mississippi Power reimburses the Company for its proportionate share of non-fuel expenses, which were $13 million in 2014, $13 million in 2013, and $12 million in 2012. Also, Mississippi Power reimburses the Company for any direct fuel purchases delivered from one of the Company's transfer facilities, which were $34 million in 2014, $27 million in 2013, and $28 million in 2012. See Note 4 for additional information.
The Company has an agreement with Gulf Power under which the Company has made transmission system upgrades to ensure firm delivery of energy under a non-affiliate PPA. In 2009, Gulf Power entered into a PPA for the capacity and energy from a combined cycle plant located in Autauga County, Alabama. The total cost committed by the Company related to the upgrades is approximately $85 million, of which approximately $29 million was spent in 2014. The transmission improvements were completed in 2014. The Company expects to recover a majority of these costs through a tariff with Gulf Power until 2023. The remainder of these costs will be recovered through normal rate mechanisms.
The Company provides incidental services to and receives such services from other Southern Company subsidiaries which are generally minor in duration and amount. Except as described herein, the Company neither provided nor received any material services to or from affiliates in 2014, 2013, or 2012.
Also, see Note 4 for information regarding the Company's ownership in a PPA and a gas pipeline ownership agreement with SEGCO.
The traditional operating companies, including the Company and Southern Power, may jointly enter into various types of wholesale energy, natural gas, and certain other contracts, either directly or through SCS as agent. Each participating company may be jointly and severally liable for the obligations incurred under these agreements. See Note 7 under "Fuel and Purchased Power Agreements" for additional information.
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
The Company is subject to the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board in accounting for the effects of rate regulation. Regulatory assets represent probable future revenues associated with certain costs that are expected to be recovered from customers through the ratemaking process. Regulatory liabilities represent probable future reductions in revenues associated with amounts that are expected to be credited to customers through the ratemaking process.
Regulatory assets and (liabilities) reflected in the balance sheets at December 31 relate to:
 
2014

 
2013

 
Note
 
(in millions)
 
 
Deferred income tax charges
$
525

 
$
519

 
(a,k)
Loss on reacquired debt
80

 
86

 
(b)
Vacation pay
65

 
63

 
(c,j)
Under/(over) recovered regulatory clause revenues
57

 
(18
)
 
(d)
Fuel-hedging losses
53

 
8

 
(e)
Other regulatory assets
49

 
52

 
(f)
Asset retirement obligations
(125
)
 
(132
)
 
(a)
Other cost of removal obligations
(744
)
 
(828
)
 
(a)
Deferred income tax credits
(72
)
 
(75
)
 
(a)
Fuel-hedging gains
(1
)
 
(8
)
 
(e)
Nuclear outage
56

 
51

 
(d)
Natural disaster reserve
(84
)
 
(96
)
 
(h)
Other regulatory liabilities
(8
)
 
(11
)
 
(d,g)
Retiree benefit plans
882

 
461

 
(i,j)
Regulatory deferrals
13

 
20

 
(l)
Nuclear fuel disposal fee
(8
)
 

 
(m)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net
$
738

 
$
92

 
 
Note: The recovery and amortization periods for these regulatory assets and (liabilities) are as follows:
(a)
Asset retirement and removal assets and liabilities are recorded, deferred income tax assets are recovered, and deferred income tax liabilities are amortized over the related property lives, which may range up to 50 years. Asset retirement and removal assets and liabilities will be settled and trued up following completion of the related activities.
(b)
Recovered over the remaining life of the original issue, which may range up to 50 years.
(c)
Recorded as earned by employees and recovered as paid, generally within one year. This includes both vacation and banked holiday pay.
(d)
Recorded and recovered or amortized as approved or accepted by the Alabama PSC over periods not exceeding 10 years.
(e)
Fuel-hedging assets and liabilities are recorded over the life of the underlying hedged purchase contracts, which generally do not exceed three years. Upon final settlement, actual costs incurred are recovered through the energy cost recovery clause.
(f)
Comprised of components including generation site selection/evaluation costs, PPA capacity, and other miscellaneous assets. Recorded as accepted by the Alabama PSC. Capitalized upon initialization of related construction projects, if applicable.
(g)
Comprised of components including mine reclamation and remediation liabilities and other liabilities. Recorded as accepted by the Alabama PSC. Mine reclamation and remediation liabilities will be settled following completion of the related activities.
(h)
Utilized as storm restoration and potential reliability-related expenses are incurred, as approved by the Alabama PSC.
(i)
Recovered and amortized over the average remaining service period which may range up to 15 years. See Note 2 for additional information.
(j)
Not earning a return as offset in rate base by a corresponding asset or liability.
(k)
Included in the deferred income tax charges are $18 million for 2014 and $20 million for 2013 for the retiree Medicare drug subsidy, which is recovered and amortized, as approved by the Alabama PSC, over the average remaining service period which may range up to 15 years.
(l)
Recorded and amortized as approved by the Alabama PSC for a period of five years.
(m)
Recorded as approved by the Alabama PSC related to potential future fees for nuclear waste disposal. The term of deferral is conditional upon resolution by the DOE. See Note 3 for additional information.
In the event that a portion of the Company's operations is no longer subject to applicable accounting rules for rate regulation, the Company would be required to write off to income or reclassify to accumulated OCI related regulatory assets and liabilities that are not specifically recoverable through regulated rates. In addition, the Company would be required to determine if any impairment to other assets, including plant, exists and write down the assets, if impaired, to their fair values. All regulatory assets and liabilities are to be reflected in rates. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters" for additional information.
Revenues
Wholesale capacity revenues from PPAs are recognized either on a levelized basis over the appropriate contract period or the amount billable under the contract terms. Energy and other revenues are recognized as services are provided. Unbilled revenues related to retail sales are accrued at the end of each fiscal period. Electric rates for the Company include provisions to adjust billings for fluctuations in fuel costs, fuel hedging, the energy component of purchased power costs, and certain other costs. Revenues are adjusted for differences between these actual costs and amounts billed in current regulated rates. Under or over recovered regulatory clause revenues are recorded in the balance sheets and are recovered or returned to customers through adjustments to the billing factors. The Company continuously monitors the under/over recovered balances and files for revised rates as required or when management deems appropriate, depending on the rate. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Rate ECR" and "Retail Regulatory Matters – Rate CNP" for additional information.
The Company has a diversified base of customers. No single customer or industry comprises 10% or more of revenues. For all periods presented, uncollectible accounts averaged less than 1% of revenues.
Fuel Costs
Fuel costs are expensed as the fuel is used. Fuel expense generally includes fuel transportation costs and the cost of purchased emissions allowances as they are used. Fuel expense also includes the amortization of the cost of nuclear fuel and a charge, based on nuclear generation, for the permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel.
See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Nuclear Waste Fund Fee Accounting Order" for additional information.
Income and Other Taxes
The Company uses the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes and provides deferred income taxes for all significant income tax temporary differences. Federal ITCs utilized are deferred and amortized to income over the average life of the related property. Taxes that are collected from customers on behalf of governmental agencies to be remitted to these agencies are presented net on the statements of income.
In accordance with accounting standards related to the uncertainty in income taxes, the Company recognizes tax positions that are "more likely than not" of being sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities. See Note 5 under "Unrecognized Tax Benefits" for additional information.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost less any regulatory disallowances and impairments. Original cost includes: materials; labor; minor items of property; appropriate administrative and general costs; payroll-related costs such as taxes, pensions, and other benefits; and the interest capitalized and cost of equity funds used during construction.
The Company's property, plant, and equipment in service consisted of the following at December 31:
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Generation
$
11,670

 
$
11,314

Transmission
3,579

 
3,287

Distribution
6,196

 
5,934

General
1,623

 
1,545

Plant acquisition adjustment
12

 
12

Total plant in service
$
23,080

 
$
22,092


The cost of replacements of property, exclusive of minor items of property, is capitalized. The cost of maintenance, repairs, and replacement of minor items of property is charged to other operations and maintenance expenses as incurred or performed with the exception of nuclear refueling costs, which are recorded in accordance with specific Alabama PSC orders.
Nuclear Outage Accounting Order
In accordance with an Alabama PSC order, nuclear outage operations and maintenance expenses for the two units at Plant Farley are deferred to a regulatory asset when the charges actually occur and are then amortized over a subsequent 18-month period with the fall outage costs amortization beginning in January of the following year and the spring outage costs amortization beginning in July of the same year.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation of the original cost of utility plant in service is provided primarily by using composite straight-line rates, which approximated 3.3% in 2014 and 3.2% in 2013 and 2012. Depreciation studies are conducted periodically to update the composite rates and the information is provided to the Alabama PSC and the FERC. When property subject to composite depreciation is retired or otherwise disposed of in the normal course of business, its original cost, together with the cost of removal, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation. For other property dispositions, the applicable cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet accounts, and a gain or loss is recognized. Minor items of property included in the original cost of the plant are retired when the related property unit is retired.
In 2014, the Company submitted a depreciation study to the FERC and received authorization to use the recommended rates beginning January 2015. The study was also provided to the Alabama PSC.
Asset Retirement Obligations and Other Costs of Removal
Asset retirement obligations (ARO) are computed as the present value of the ultimate costs for an asset's future retirement and are recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred. The costs are capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset and depreciated over the asset's useful life. The Company has received accounting guidance from the Alabama PSC allowing the continued accrual of other future retirement costs for long-lived assets that the Company does not have a legal obligation to retire. Accordingly, the accumulated removal costs for these obligations are reflected in the balance sheets as a regulatory liability.
The liability for AROs primarily relates to the decommissioning of the Company's nuclear facility, Plant Farley. In addition, the Company has retirement obligations related to various landfill sites, underground storage tanks, asbestos removal, disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls in certain transformers, and disposal of sulfur hexafluoride gas in certain substation breakers. The Company also has identified retirement obligations related to certain transmission and distribution facilities and certain wireless communication towers. However, liabilities for the removal of these assets have not been recorded because the settlement timing for the retirement obligations related to these assets is indeterminable and, therefore, the fair value of the retirement obligations cannot be reasonably estimated. A liability for these AROs will be recognized when sufficient information becomes available to support a reasonable estimation of the ARO. The Company will continue to recognize in the statements of income allowed removal costs in accordance with its regulatory treatment. Any differences between costs recognized in accordance with accounting standards related to asset retirement and environmental obligations and those reflected in rates are recognized as either a regulatory asset or liability, as ordered by the Alabama PSC, and are reflected in the balance sheets. See "Nuclear Decommissioning" herein for additional information on amounts included in rates.
Details of the AROs included in the balance sheets are as follows:
 
2014
 
 
2013
 
 
(in millions)
 
Balance at beginning of year
$
730

 
 
$
589

 
Liabilities incurred
1

 
 

 
Liabilities settled
(3
)
 
 
(1
)
 
Accretion
45

 
 
40

 
Cash flow revisions
56

 
 
102

 
Balance at end of year
$
829

 
 
$
730

 

The cash flow revisions in 2014 are primarily related to the Company's AROs associated with asbestos at its steam generation facilities. The cash flow revisions in 2013 are primarily related to revisions to the nuclear decommissioning ARO based on the Company's updated decommissioning study.
On December 19, 2014, the EPA issued the Disposal of Coal Combustion Residuals from Electric Utilities final rule (CCR Rule), but has not yet published it in the Federal Register. The CCR Rule will regulate the disposal of CCR, including coal ash and gypsum, as non-hazardous solid waste in landfills and surface impoundments at active generating power plants. The ultimate impact of the CCR Rule cannot be determined at this time and will depend on the Company's ongoing review of the CCR Rule, the results of initial and ongoing minimum criteria assessments, and the outcome of legal challenges. The cost and timing of potential ash pond closure and ongoing monitoring activities that may be required in connection with the CCR Rule is also uncertain; however, the Company has developed a preliminary nominal dollar estimate of costs associated with closure and groundwater monitoring of ash ponds in place of approximately $311 million and ongoing post-closure care of approximately $49 million. The Company will record AROs for the estimated closure costs required under the CCR Rule during 2015. SEGCO, which is jointly owned with Georgia Power, will also record an ARO for ash ponds commonly used at Plant E.C. Gaston. The Company's results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition could be significantly impacted if such costs are not recovered through regulated rates.
Nuclear Decommissioning
The NRC requires licensees of commercial nuclear power reactors to establish a plan for providing reasonable assurance of funds for future decommissioning. The Company has external trust funds (Funds) to comply with the NRC's regulations. Use of the Funds is restricted to nuclear decommissioning activities. The Funds are managed and invested in accordance with applicable requirements of various regulatory bodies, including the NRC, the FERC, and the Alabama PSC, as well as the IRS. While the Company is allowed to prescribe an overall investment policy to the Funds' managers, the Company and its affiliates are not allowed to engage in the day-to-day management of the Funds or to mandate individual investment decisions. Day-to-day management of the investments in the Funds is delegated to unrelated third party managers with oversight by the management of the Company. The Funds' managers are authorized, within certain investment guidelines, to actively buy and sell securities at their own discretion in order to maximize the return on the Funds' investments. The Funds are invested in a tax-efficient manner in a diversified mix of equity and fixed income securities and are reported as trading securities.
The Company records the investment securities held in the Funds at fair value, as disclosed in Note 10, as management believes that fair value best represents the nature of the Funds. Gains and losses, whether realized or unrealized, are recorded in the regulatory liability for AROs in the balance sheets and are not included in net income or OCI. Fair value adjustments and realized gains and losses are determined on a specific identification basis.
At December 31, 2014, investment securities in the Funds totaled $754 million, consisting of equity securities of $583 million, debt securities of $163 million, and $8 million of other securities. At December 31, 2013, investment securities in the Funds totaled $713 million, consisting of equity securities of $566 million, debt securities of $131 million, and $16 million of other securities. These amounts exclude receivables related to investment income and pending investment sales and payables related to pending investment purchases.
Sales of the securities held in the Funds resulted in cash proceeds of $244 million, $279 million, and $193 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively, all of which were reinvested. For 2014, fair value increases, including reinvested interest and dividends and excluding the Funds' expenses, were $54 million, of which $2 million related to realized gains and $19 million related to unrealized gains related to securities held in the Funds at December 31, 2014. For 2013, fair value increases, including reinvested interest and dividends and excluding the Funds' expenses, were $120 million, of which $5 million related to realized gains and $85 million related to unrealized gains related to securities held in the Funds at December 31, 2013. For 2012, fair value increases, including reinvested interest and dividends and excluding the Funds' expenses, were $70 million, of which $4 million related to realized gains and $50 million related to unrealized losses related to securities held in the Funds at December 31, 2012. While the investment securities held in the Funds are reported as trading securities, the Funds continue to be managed with a long-term focus. Accordingly, all purchases and sales within the Funds are presented separately in the statements of cash flows as investing cash flows, consistent with the nature of the securities and purpose for which the securities were acquired.
Amounts previously recorded in internal reserves are being transferred into the Funds over periods approved by the Alabama PSC. The NRC's minimum external funding requirements are based on a generic estimate of the cost to decommission only the radioactive portions of a nuclear unit based on the size and type of reactor. The Company has filed a plan with the NRC designed to ensure that, over time, the deposits and earnings of the Funds will provide the minimum funding amounts prescribed by the NRC.
At December 31, the accumulated provisions for decommissioning were as follows:
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
External trust funds
$
754

 
$
713

Internal reserves
21

 
21

Total
$
775

 
734


Site study costs is the estimate to decommission a facility as of the site study year. The estimated costs of decommissioning as of December 31, 2014 based on the most current study performed in 2013 for Plant Farley are as follows:
Decommissioning periods:
 
Beginning year
2037

Completion year
2076

 
(in millions)
Site study costs:
 
Radiated structures
$
1,362

Non-radiated structures
80

Total site study costs
$
1,442


The decommissioning cost estimates are based on prompt dismantlement and removal of the plant from service. The actual decommissioning costs may vary from the above estimates because of changes in the assumed date of decommissioning, changes in NRC requirements, or changes in the assumptions used in making these estimates.
For ratemaking purposes, the Company's decommissioning costs are based on the site study. Significant assumptions used to determine these costs for ratemaking were an inflation rate of 4.5% and a trust earnings rate of 7.0%. The next site study is expected to be conducted in 2018.
Amounts previously contributed to the Funds are currently projected to be adequate to meet the decommissioning obligations. The Company will continue to provide site-specific estimates of the decommissioning costs and related projections of funds in the external trust to the Alabama PSC and, if necessary, would seek the Alabama PSC's approval to address any changes in a manner consistent with NRC and other applicable requirements.
Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
In accordance with regulatory treatment, the Company records AFUDC, which represents the estimated debt and equity costs of capital funds that are necessary to finance the construction of new regulated facilities. While cash is not realized currently from such allowance, AFUDC increases the revenue requirement and is recovered over the service life of the plant through a higher rate base and higher depreciation. The equity component of AFUDC is not included in calculating taxable income. All current construction costs are included in retail rates. The AFUDC composite rate as of December 31 was 8.8% in 2014, 9.1% in 2013, and 9.4% in 2012. AFUDC, net of income taxes, as a percent of net income after dividends on preferred and preference stock was 7.9% in 2014, 5.4% in 2013, and 3.3% in 2012.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangibles
The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. The determination of whether an impairment has occurred is based on either a specific regulatory disallowance or an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the assets, as compared with the carrying value of the assets. If an impairment has occurred, the amount of the impairment recognized is determined by either the amount of regulatory disallowance or by estimating the fair value of the assets and recording a loss if the carrying value is greater than the fair value. For assets identified as held for sale, the carrying value is compared to the estimated fair value less the cost to sell in order to determine if an impairment loss is required. Until the assets are disposed of, their estimated fair value is re-evaluated when circumstances or events change.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the financial statements, temporary cash investments are considered cash equivalents. Temporary cash investments are securities with original maturities of 90 days or less.
Materials and Supplies
Generally, materials and supplies include the average cost of transmission, distribution, and generating plant materials. Materials are charged to inventory when purchased and then expensed or capitalized to plant, as appropriate, at weighted average cost when installed.
Fuel Inventory
Fuel inventory includes the average cost of coal, natural gas, oil, transportation, and emissions allowances. Fuel is charged to inventory when purchased and then expensed, at weighted average cost, as used and recovered by the Company through energy cost recovery rates approved by the Alabama PSC. Emissions allowances granted by the EPA are included in inventory at zero cost.
Financial Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to limit exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, the prices of certain fuel purchases, and electricity purchases and sales. All derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities (included in "Other" or shown separately as "Risk Management Activities") and are measured at fair value. See Note 10 for additional information regarding fair value. Substantially all of the Company's bulk energy purchases and sales contracts that meet the definition of a derivative are excluded from fair value accounting requirements because they qualify for the "normal" scope exception, and are accounted for under the accrual method. Derivative contracts that qualify as cash flow hedges of anticipated transactions or are recoverable through the Alabama PSC-approved fuel-hedging program result in the deferral of related gains and losses in OCI or regulatory assets and liabilities, respectively, until the hedged transactions occur. If any, immaterial ineffectiveness arising from cash flow hedges is recognized currently in net income. Other derivative contracts that qualify as fair value hedges are marked to market through current period income and are recorded on a net basis in the statements of income. See Note 11 for additional information regarding derivatives.
The Company does not offset fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. Additionally, the Company had no outstanding collateral repayment obligations or rights to reclaim collateral arising from derivative instruments recognized at December 31, 2014.
The Company is exposed to losses related to financial instruments in the event of counterparties' nonperformance. The Company has established controls to determine and monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties in order to mitigate the Company's exposure to counterparty credit risk.
Comprehensive Income
The objective of comprehensive income is to report a measure of all changes in common stock equity of an enterprise that result from transactions and other economic events of the period other than transactions with owners. Comprehensive income consists of net income, changes in the fair value of qualifying cash flow hedges, and reclassifications for amounts included in net income.
Variable Interest Entities
The primary beneficiary of a VIE is required to consolidate the VIE when it has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
The Company has established a wholly-owned trust to issue preferred securities. See Note 6 under "Long-Term Debt Payable to an Affiliated Trust" for additional information. However, the Company is not considered the primary beneficiary of the trust. Therefore, the investment in the trust is reflected as other investments, and the related loan from the trust is reflected as long-term debt in the balance sheets.
Georgia Power [Member]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
General
Georgia Power Company (the Company) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Southern Company (Southern Company), which is the parent company of the Company and three other traditional operating companies, as well as Southern Power, SCS, SouthernLINC Wireless, Southern Company Holdings, Inc. (Southern Holdings), Southern Nuclear, and other direct and indirect subsidiaries. The traditional operating companies – the Company, Alabama Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power – are vertically integrated utilities providing electric service in four Southeastern states. The Company operates as a vertically integrated utility providing electricity to retail customers within its traditional service area located within the State of Georgia and to wholesale customers in the Southeast. Southern Power constructs, acquires, owns, and manages generation assets, including renewable energy projects, and sells electricity at market-based rates in the wholesale market. SCS, the system service company, provides, at cost, specialized services to Southern Company and its subsidiary companies. SouthernLINC Wireless provides digital wireless communications for use by Southern Company and its subsidiary companies and also markets these services to the public, and provides fiber cable services within the Southeast. Southern Holdings is an intermediate holding company subsidiary, primarily for Southern Company's investments in leveraged leases. Southern Nuclear operates and provides services to the Southern Company system's nuclear power plants, including the Company's Plant Hatch and Plant Vogtle.
The equity method is used for subsidiaries in which the Company has significant influence but does not control.
The Company is subject to regulation by the FERC and the Georgia PSC. The Company follows GAAP in the U.S. and complies with the accounting policies and practices prescribed by its regulatory commissions. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates, and the actual results may differ from those estimates. Certain prior years' data presented in the financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASC 606 revises the accounting for revenue recognition and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company continues to evaluate the requirements of ASC 606. The ultimate impact of the new standard has not yet been determined.
Affiliate Transactions
The Company has an agreement with SCS under which the following services are rendered to the Company at direct or allocated cost: general and design engineering, operations, purchasing, accounting, finance and treasury, tax, information technology, marketing, auditing, insurance and pension administration, human resources, systems and procedures, digital wireless communications, and other services with respect to business and operations, construction management, and power pool transactions. Costs for these services amounted to $555 million in 2014, $504 million in 2013, and $540 million in 2012. Cost allocation methodologies used by SCS prior to the repeal of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, as amended, were approved by the SEC. Subsequently, additional cost allocation methodologies have been reported to the FERC and management believes they are reasonable. The FERC permits services to be rendered at cost by system service companies.
The Company has an agreement with Southern Nuclear under which the following nuclear-related services are rendered to the Company at cost: general executive and advisory services, general operations, management and technical services, administrative services including procurement, accounting, employee relations, systems and procedures services, strategic planning and budgeting services, and other services with respect to business, operations, and construction management. Costs for these services amounted to $643 million in 2014, $555 million in 2013, and $574 million in 2012.
The Company has entered into several PPAs with Southern Power for capacity and energy. Expenses associated with these PPAs were $144 million, $136 million, and $147 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Additionally, the Company had $15 million of prepaid capacity expenses included in deferred charges and other assets in the balance sheets at December 31, 2014 and 2013. See Note 7 under "Fuel and Purchased Power Agreements" for additional information.
The Company has a joint ownership agreement with Gulf Power under which Gulf Power owns a 25% portion of Plant Scherer Unit 3. Under this agreement, the Company operates Plant Scherer Unit 3 and Gulf Power reimburses the Company for its 25% proportionate share of the related non-fuel expenses, which were $9 million in 2014, $10 million in 2013, and $7 million in 2012. See Note 4 for additional information.
The Company provides incidental services to and receives such services from other Southern Company subsidiaries which are generally minor in duration and amount. Except as described herein, the Company neither provided nor received any material services to or from affiliates in 2014, 2013, or 2012.
The traditional operating companies, including the Company, and Southern Power may jointly enter into various types of wholesale energy, natural gas, and certain other contracts, either directly or through SCS as agent. Each participating company may be jointly and severally liable for the obligations incurred under these agreements. See Note 7 under "Fuel and Purchased Power Agreements" for additional information.
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
The Company is subject to the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board in accounting for the effects of rate regulation. Regulatory assets represent probable future revenues associated with certain costs that are expected to be recovered from customers through the ratemaking process. Regulatory liabilities represent probable future reductions in revenues associated with amounts that are expected to be credited to customers through the ratemaking process.
Regulatory assets and (liabilities) reflected in the balance sheets at December 31 relate to:
 
2014

 
2013

 
Note
 
(in millions)
 
 
Retiree benefit plans
$
1,325

 
$
691

 
(a, j)
Deferred income tax charges
668

 
684

 
(b, j)
Deferred income tax charges — Medicare subsidy
34

 
38

 
(c)
Loss on reacquired debt
163

 
181

 
(d, j)
Asset retirement obligations
108

 
137

 
(b, j)
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses
29

 
22

 
(e, j)
Vacation pay
91

 
88

 
(f, j)
Building lease
31

 
37

 
(g, j)
Cancelled construction projects
67

 
70

 
(h)
Remaining net book value of retired units
25

 
28

 
(i)
Storm damage reserves
98

 
37

 
(c)
Other regulatory assets
63

 
49

 
(c)
Other cost of removal obligations
(60
)
 
(58
)
 
(b)
Deferred income tax credits
(106
)
 
(112
)
 
(b, j)
Other regulatory liabilities
(7
)
 
(6
)
 
(e, j)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net
$
2,529

 
$
1,886

 
 
Note: The recovery and amortization periods for these regulatory assets and (liabilities) are as follows:
(a)
Recovered and amortized over the average remaining service period which may range up to 13 years. See Note 2 for additional information.
(b)
Asset retirement and other cost of removal obligations and deferred income tax assets are recovered, and deferred income tax liabilities are amortized over the related property lives, which may range up to 70 years. Asset retirement and removal liabilities will be settled and trued up following completion of the related activities. At December 31, 2014, other cost of removal obligations included $29 million that will be amortized over the remaining two-year period of January 2015 through December 2016 in accordance with the Company's 2013 ARP.
(c)
Recorded and recovered or amortized as approved by the Georgia PSC over periods generally not exceeding eight years.
(d)
Recovered over either the remaining life of the original issue or, if refinanced, over the remaining life of the new issue, which currently does not exceed 38 years.
(e)
Fuel-hedging assets and liabilities are recorded over the life of the underlying hedged purchase contracts, which generally do not exceed two years. Upon final settlement, actual costs incurred are recovered through the Company's fuel cost recovery mechanism.
(f)
Recorded as earned by employees and recovered as paid, generally within one year. This includes both vacation and banked holiday pay.
(g)
See Note 6 under "Capital Leases." Recovered over the remaining life of the building through 2020.
(h)
Costs associated with construction of environmental controls that will not be completed as a result of unit retirements are being amortized as approved by the Georgia PSC over periods not exceeding nine years or through 2022.
(i)
Amortized as approved by the Georgia PSC over periods not exceeding 10 years or through 2022.
(j)
Generally not earning a return as they are excluded from rate base or are offset in rate base by a corresponding asset or liability.
In the event that a portion of the Company's operations is no longer subject to applicable accounting rules for rate regulation, the Company would be required to write off to income or reclassify to accumulated OCI related regulatory assets and liabilities that are not specifically recoverable through regulated rates. In addition, the Company would be required to determine if any impairment to other assets, including plant, exists and write down the assets, if impaired, to their fair values. All regulatory assets and liabilities are to be reflected in rates. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters" for additional information.
Revenues
Wholesale capacity revenues from PPAs are recognized either on a levelized basis over the appropriate contract period or the amount billable under the contract terms. Energy and other revenues are recognized as services are provided. Unbilled revenues related to retail sales are accrued at the end of each fiscal period. Electric rates for the Company include provisions to adjust billings for fluctuations in fuel costs, the energy component of purchased power costs, and certain other costs. Revenues are adjusted for differences between the actual recoverable costs and amounts billed in current regulated rates.
The Company has a diversified base of customers. No single customer or industry comprises 10% or more of revenues. For all periods presented, uncollectible accounts averaged less than 1% of revenues.
Fuel Costs
Fuel costs are expensed as the fuel is used. Fuel expense generally includes fuel transportation costs and the cost of purchased emissions allowances as they are used. Fuel expense also includes the amortization of the cost of nuclear fuel. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Nuclear Waste Fund Fee" for additional information.
Income and Other Taxes
The Company uses the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes and provides deferred income taxes for all significant income tax temporary differences. Taxes that are collected from customers on behalf of governmental agencies to be remitted to these agencies are presented net on the statements of income.
Federal ITCs utilized are deferred and amortized to income as a credit to reduce depreciation over the average life of the related property. State ITCs are recognized in the period in which the credits are claimed on the state income tax return. A portion of the ITCs available to reduce income taxes payable was not utilized currently and will be carried forward and utilized in future years.
In accordance with accounting standards related to the uncertainty in income taxes, the Company recognizes tax positions that are "more likely than not" of being sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities. See Note 5 under "Unrecognized Tax Benefits" for additional information.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost less any regulatory disallowances and impairments. Original cost includes: materials; labor; minor items of property; appropriate administrative and general costs; payroll-related costs such as taxes, pensions, and other benefits; and the cost of equity and debt funds used during construction.
The Company's property, plant, and equipment in service consisted of the following at December 31:
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Generation
$
15,201

 
$
14,872

Transmission
5,086

 
4,859

Distribution
8,913

 
8,620

General
1,855

 
1,753

Plant acquisition adjustment
28

 
28

Total plant in service
$
31,083

 
$
30,132


The cost of replacements of property, exclusive of minor items of property, is capitalized. The cost of maintenance, repairs, and replacement of minor items of property is charged to other operations and maintenance expenses as incurred or performed with the exception of certain generating plant maintenance costs. As mandated by the Georgia PSC, the Company defers and amortizes nuclear refueling outage costs over the unit's operating cycle. The refueling cycles are 18 and 24 months for Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2 and Plant Hatch Units 1 and 2, respectively.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation of the original cost of utility plant in service is provided primarily by using composite straight-line rates, which approximated 2.7% in 2014, 3.0% in 2013, and 2.9% in 2012. Depreciation studies are conducted periodically to update the composite rates that are approved by the Georgia PSC and the FERC. When property subject to depreciation is retired or otherwise disposed of in the normal course of business, its original cost, together with the cost of removal, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation. For other property dispositions, the applicable cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet accounts, and a gain or loss is recognized. Minor items of property included in the original cost of the plant are retired when the related property unit is retired.
In 2009, the Georgia PSC approved an accounting order allowing the Company to amortize a portion of its regulatory liability related to other cost of removal obligations. Under the terms of the Company's Alternate Rate Plan for the years 2011 through 2013 (2010 ARP), the Company amortized approximately $31 million annually of the remaining regulatory liability related to other cost of removal obligations over the three years ended December 31, 2013. Under the terms of the 2013 ARP, an additional $14 million is being amortized annually over the three years ending December 31, 2016.
Asset Retirement Obligations and Other Costs of Removal
Asset retirement obligations (ARO) are computed as the present value of the ultimate costs for an asset's future retirement and are recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred. The costs are capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset and depreciated over the asset's useful life. The Company has received accounting guidance from the Georgia PSC allowing the continued accrual of other future retirement costs for long-lived assets that the Company does not have a legal obligation to retire. Accordingly, the accumulated removal costs for these obligations are reflected in the balance sheets as a regulatory liability.
The ARO liability relates to the decommissioning of the Company's nuclear facilities, which include the Company's ownership interests in Plant Hatch and Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2, as well as various landfill sites, ash ponds, underground storage tanks, and asbestos removal. The Company also has identified retirement obligations related to certain transmission and distribution facilities, including the disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls in certain transformers; leasehold improvements; equipment on customer property; and property associated with the Company's rail lines and natural gas pipelines. However, liabilities for the removal of these assets have not been recorded because the settlement timing for the retirement obligations related to these assets is indeterminable and, therefore, the fair value of the retirement obligations cannot be reasonably estimated. A liability for these AROs will be recognized when sufficient information becomes available to support a reasonable estimation of the ARO. The Company will continue to recognize in the statements of income allowed removal costs in accordance with its regulatory treatment. Any differences between costs recognized in accordance with accounting standards related to asset retirement and environmental obligations and those reflected in rates are recognized as either a regulatory asset or liability in the balance sheets as ordered by the Georgia PSC. See "Nuclear Decommissioning" herein for additional information on amounts included in rates.
Details of the AROs included in the balance sheets are as follows:
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Balance at beginning of year
$
1,222

 
$
1,105

Liabilities incurred
9

 
2

Liabilities settled
(12
)
 
(13
)
Accretion
53

 
55

Cash flow revisions
(17
)
 
73

Balance at end of year
$
1,255

 
$
1,222


The 2014 decrease in cash flow revisions is primarily related to settled AROs for asbestos remediation. The 2013 increase in cash flow revisions is related to updated estimates for ash ponds in connection with the retirement of certain coal-fired generating units and revisions to the nuclear decommissioning AROs based on the latest decommissioning study.
On December 19, 2014, the EPA issued the Disposal of Coal Combustion Residuals from Electric Utilities final rule (CCR Rule), but has not yet published it in the Federal Register. The CCR Rule will regulate the disposal of CCR, including coal ash and gypsum, as non-hazardous solid waste in landfills and surface impoundments at active generating power plants. The ultimate impact of the CCR Rule cannot be determined at this time and will depend on the Company's ongoing review of the CCR Rule, the results of initial and ongoing minimum criteria assessments, and the outcome of legal challenges. The cost and timing of potential ash pond closure and ongoing monitoring activities that may be required in connection with the CCR Rule is also uncertain; however, the Company has developed a preliminary nominal dollar estimate of costs associated with closure and groundwater monitoring of ash ponds in place of approximately $390 million and ongoing post-closure care of approximately $62 million. The Company has previously recorded AROs associated with ash ponds of $500 million, or $458 million on a nominal dollar basis, based on existing state requirements. During 2015, the Company will record AROs for any incremental estimated closure costs resulting from acceleration in the timing of any currently planned closures and for differences between existing state requirements and the requirements of the CCR Rule. The Company's results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition could be significantly impacted if such costs are not recovered through regulated rates.
Nuclear Decommissioning
The NRC requires licensees of commercial nuclear power reactors to establish a plan for providing reasonable assurance of funds for future decommissioning. The Company has external trust funds (Funds) to comply with the NRC's regulations. Use of the Funds is restricted to nuclear decommissioning activities. The Funds are managed and invested in accordance with applicable requirements of various regulatory bodies, including the NRC, the FERC, and the Georgia PSC, as well as the IRS. While the Company is allowed to prescribe an overall investment policy to the Funds' managers, the Company and its affiliates are not allowed to engage in the day-to-day management of the Funds or to mandate individual investment decisions. Day-to-day management of the investments in the Funds is delegated to unrelated third party managers with oversight by the management of the Company. The Funds' managers are authorized, within certain investment guidelines, to actively buy and sell securities at their own discretion in order to maximize the return on the Funds' investments. The Funds are invested in a tax-efficient manner in a diversified mix of equity and fixed income securities and are reported as trading securities.
The Company records the investment securities held in the Funds at fair value, as disclosed in Note 10, as management believes that fair value best represents the nature of the Funds. Gains and losses, whether realized or unrealized, are recorded in the regulatory liability for AROs in the balance sheets and are not included in net income or OCI. Fair value adjustments and realized gains and losses are determined on a specific identification basis.
The Funds participate in a securities lending program through the managers of the Funds. Under this program, the Funds' investment securities are loaned to institutional investors for a fee. Securities loaned are fully collateralized by cash, letters of credit, and/or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, approximately $51 million and $32 million, respectively, of the fair market value of the Funds' securities were on loan and pledged to creditors under the Funds' managers' securities lending program. The fair value of the collateral received was approximately $52 million and $33 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and can only be sold by the borrower upon the return of the loaned securities. The collateral received is treated as a non-cash item in the statements of cash flows.
At December 31, 2014, investment securities in the Funds totaled $789 million, consisting of equity securities of $303 million, debt securities of $475 million, and $11 million of other securities. At December 31, 2013, investment securities in the Funds totaled $751 million, consisting of equity securities of $330 million, debt securities of $397 million, and $24 million of other securities. These amounts include the investment securities pledged to creditors and collateral received, and exclude receivables related to investment income and pending investment sales, and payables related to pending investment purchases and the lending pool.
Sales of the securities held in the Funds resulted in cash proceeds of $669 million, $705 million, and $850 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively, all of which were reinvested. For 2014, fair value increases, including reinvested interest and dividends and excluding the Funds' expenses, were $44 million, of which an immaterial amount related to unrealized gains and losses on securities held in the Funds at December 31, 2014. For 2013, fair value increases, including reinvested interest and dividends and excluding the Funds' expenses, were $61 million, of which $34 million related to unrealized gains on securities held in the Funds at December 31, 2013. For 2012, fair value increases, including reinvested interest and dividends and excluding the Funds' expenses, were $67 million, of which $25 million related to unrealized losses on securities held in the Funds at December 31, 2012. While the investment securities held in the Funds are reported as trading securities, the Funds continue to be managed with a long-term focus. Accordingly, all purchases and sales within the Funds are presented separately in the statements of cash flows as investing cash flows, consistent with the nature of the securities and purpose for which the securities were acquired.
The NRC's minimum external funding requirements are based on a generic estimate of the cost to decommission only the radioactive portions of a nuclear unit based on the size and type of reactor. The Company has filed plans with the NRC designed to ensure that, over time, the deposits and earnings of the Funds will provide the minimum funding amounts prescribed by the NRC.
Site study cost is the estimate to decommission a specific facility as of the site study year. The decommissioning cost estimates are based on prompt dismantlement and removal of the plant from service. The actual decommissioning costs may vary from these estimates because of changes in the assumed date of decommissioning, changes in NRC requirements, or changes in the assumptions used in making these estimates. The estimated costs of decommissioning are based on the most current study performed in 2012. The site study costs and external trust funds for decommissioning as of December 31, 2014 based on the Company's ownership interests were as follows:
 
Plant Hatch
 
Plant Vogtle
Units 1 and 2
Decommissioning periods:
 
 
 
Beginning year
2034

 
2047

Completion year
2068

 
2072

 
(in millions)
Site study costs:
 
Radiated structures
$
549

 
$
453

Spent fuel management
131

 
115

Non-radiated structures
51

 
76

Total site study costs
$
731

 
$
644

External trust funds
$
496

 
$
293


For ratemaking purposes, the Company's decommissioning costs are based on the NRC generic estimate to decommission the radioactive portion of the facilities and the site study estimate for spent fuel management as of 2012. Under the 2013 ARP, the Georgia PSC approved annual decommissioning cost through 2016 for ratemaking of $4 million and $2 million for Plant Hatch and Plant Vogtle Units 1 and 2, respectively. Significant assumptions used to determine the costs for ratemaking include an estimated inflation rate of 2.4% and an estimated trust earnings rate of 4.4%. The Company expects the Georgia PSC to periodically review and adjust, if necessary, the amounts collected in rates for nuclear decommissioning costs.
Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
In accordance with regulatory treatment, the Company records AFUDC, which represents the estimated debt and equity costs of capital funds that are necessary to finance the construction of new regulated facilities. While cash is not realized currently from such allowance, AFUDC increases the revenue requirement and is recovered over the service life of the plant through a higher rate base and higher depreciation. The equity component of AFUDC is not included in calculating taxable income. For the years 2014, 2013, and 2012, the average AFUDC rates were 5.6%, 5.3%, and 6.8%, respectively, and AFUDC capitalized was $62 million, $44 million, and $75 million, respectively. AFUDC, net of income taxes, was 4.6%, 3.3%, and 5.7% of net income after dividends on preferred and preference stock for 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Nuclear Construction" for additional information on the inclusion of construction costs related to Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 in rate base effective January 1, 2011.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangibles
The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. The determination of whether an impairment has occurred is based on either a specific regulatory disallowance or an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the assets, as compared with the carrying value of the assets. If an impairment has occurred, the amount of the impairment recognized is determined by either the amount of regulatory disallowance or by estimating the fair value of the assets and recording a loss if the carrying value is greater than the fair value. For assets identified as held for sale, the carrying value is compared to the estimated fair value less the cost to sell in order to determine if an impairment loss is required. Until the assets are disposed of, their estimated fair value is re-evaluated when circumstances or events change.
Storm Damage Recovery
The Company defers and recovers certain costs related to damages from major storms as mandated by the Georgia PSC. Beginning January 1, 2014, the Company is accruing $30 million annually under the 2013 ARP that is recoverable through base rates. As of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the balance in the regulatory asset related to storm damage was $98 million and $37 million, respectively, with approximately $30 million included in other regulatory assets, current for both years and approximately $68 million and $7 million included in other regulatory assets, deferred, respectively. The Company expects the Georgia PSC to periodically review and adjust, if necessary, the amounts collected in rates for storm damage costs. As a result of the regulatory treatment, costs related to storms are generally not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.
Environmental Remediation Recovery
The Company maintains a reserve for environmental remediation as mandated by the Georgia PSC. In December 2013, the Georgia PSC approved the 2013 ARP including the recovery of approximately $2 million annually through the environmental compliance cost recovery (ECCR) tariff from 2014 through 2016. The Company recovered approximately $3 million annually through the ECCR tariff from 2011 through 2013 under the 2010 ARP. The Company recognizes a liability for environmental remediation costs only when it determines a loss is probable and reduces the reserve as expenditures are incurred. Any difference between the liabilities accrued and cost recovered through rates is deferred as a regulatory asset or liability. The annual recovery amount is expected to be reviewed by the Georgia PSC and adjusted in future regulatory proceedings. As a result of this regulatory treatment, environmental remediation liabilities generally are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements. As of December 31, 2014, the balance of the environmental remediation liability was $22 million, with approximately $2 million included in other regulatory assets, current and approximately $14 million included as other regulatory assets, deferred. See Note 3 under "Environmental Matters – Environmental Remediation" for additional information.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the financial statements, temporary cash investments are considered cash equivalents. Temporary cash investments are securities with original maturities of 90 days or less.
Materials and Supplies
Generally, materials and supplies include the average cost of transmission, distribution, and generating plant materials. Materials are charged to inventory when purchased and then expensed or capitalized to plant, as appropriate, at weighted average cost when installed.
Fuel Inventory
Fuel inventory includes the average cost of coal, natural gas, and oil, as well as transportation and emissions allowances. Fuel is charged to inventory when purchased and then expensed, at weighted average cost, as used and recovered by the Company through fuel cost recovery rates approved by the Georgia PSC. Emissions allowances granted by the EPA are included in inventory at zero cost.
Financial Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to limit exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, the prices of certain fuel purchases, and electricity purchases and sales. All derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities (included in "Other" or shown separately as "Risk Management Activities") and are measured at fair value. See Note 10 for additional information regarding fair value. Substantially all of the Company's bulk energy purchases and sales contracts that meet the definition of a derivative are excluded from fair value accounting requirements because they qualify for the "normal" scope exception, and are accounted for under the accrual method. Derivative contracts that qualify as cash flow hedges of anticipated transactions or are recoverable through the Georgia PSC-approved fuel-hedging program result in the deferral of related gains and losses in OCI or regulatory assets and liabilities, respectively, until the hedged transactions occur. Any ineffectiveness arising from cash flow hedges is recognized currently in net income. Other derivative contracts that qualify as fair value hedges are marked to market through current period income and are recorded on a net basis in the statements of income. See Note 11 for additional information regarding derivatives.
The Company does not offset fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. Additionally, the Company had no outstanding collateral repayment obligations or rights to reclaim collateral arising from derivative instruments recognized at December 31, 2014.
The Company is exposed to losses related to financial instruments in the event of counterparties' nonperformance. The Company has established controls to determine and monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties in order to mitigate the Company's exposure to counterparty credit risk.
Comprehensive Income
The objective of comprehensive income is to report a measure of all changes in common stock equity of an enterprise that result from transactions and other economic events of the period other than transactions with owners. Comprehensive income consists of net income, changes in the fair value of qualifying cash flow hedges, and reclassifications for amounts included in net income.
Gulf Power [Member]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
General
Gulf Power Company (the Company) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Southern Company (Southern Company), which is the parent company of four traditional operating companies, as well as Southern Power, SCS, SouthernLINC Wireless, Southern Company Holdings, Inc. (Southern Holdings), Southern Nuclear, and other direct and indirect subsidiaries. The traditional operating companies – the Company, Alabama Power, Georgia Power, and Mississippi Power – are vertically integrated utilities providing electric service in four Southeastern states. The Company operates as a vertically integrated utility providing electricity to retail customers in northwest Florida and to wholesale customers in the Southeast. Southern Power constructs, acquires, owns, and manages generation assets, including renewable energy projects, and sells electricity at market-based rates in the wholesale market. SCS, the system service company, provides, at cost, specialized services to Southern Company and its subsidiary companies. SouthernLINC Wireless provides digital wireless communications for use by Southern Company and its subsidiary companies and also markets these services to the public and provides fiber cable services within the Southeast. Southern Holdings is an intermediate holding company subsidiary, primarily for Southern Company's investments in leveraged leases. Southern Nuclear operates and provides services to the Southern Company system's nuclear power plants.
The equity method is used for entities in which the Company has significant influence but does not control.
The Company is subject to regulation by the FERC and the Florida PSC. The Company follows GAAP in the U.S. and complies with the accounting policies and practices prescribed by its regulatory commissions. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates, and the actual results may differ from those estimates. Certain prior years' data presented in the financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASC 606 revises the accounting for revenue recognition and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company continues to evaluate the requirements of ASC 606. The ultimate impact of the new standard has not yet been determined.
Affiliate Transactions
The Company has an agreement with SCS under which the following services are rendered to the Company at direct or allocated cost: general and design engineering, operations, purchasing, accounting, finance and treasury, tax, information technology, marketing, auditing, insurance and pension administration, human resources, systems and procedures, digital wireless communications, and other services with respect to business and operations, construction management, and power pool transactions. Costs for these services amounted to $79.6 million, $78.4 million, and $95.9 million during 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Cost allocation methodologies used by SCS prior to the repeal of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, as amended, were approved by the SEC. Subsequently, additional cost allocation methodologies have been reported to the FERC and management believes they are reasonable. The FERC permits services to be rendered at cost by system service companies.
The Company has operating agreements with Georgia Power and Mississippi Power under which the Company owns a portion of Plant Scherer and Plant Daniel, respectively. Georgia Power operates Plant Scherer and Mississippi Power operates Plant Daniel. The Company reimbursed Georgia Power $8.7 million, $10.2 million, and $6.9 million and Mississippi Power $30.5 million, $16.5 million, and $21.1 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively, for its proportionate share of related expenses. See Note 4 and Note 7 under "Operating Leases" for additional information.
The Company entered into a PPA with Southern Power for approximately 292 MWs annually from June 2009 through May 2014. Purchased power expenses associated with the PPA were $1.8 million, $14.2 million, and $14.7 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively, and fuel costs associated with the PPA were $1.7 million, $0.8 million, and $2.6 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. These costs were approved for recovery by the Florida PSC through the Company's fuel and purchased power capacity cost recovery clauses. See Note 7 under "Fuel and Purchased Power Agreements" for additional information.
The Company had an agreement with Georgia Power under the transmission facility cost allocation tariff for delivery of power from the Company's resources in the state of Georgia. The Company reimbursed Georgia Power $1.0 million in 2014 and $2.4 million in each of the years 2013 and 2012 for its share of related expenses.
The Company has an agreement with Alabama Power under which Alabama Power has made transmission system upgrades to ensure firm delivery of energy under a non-affiliate PPA, which was entered into in 2009 for the capacity and energy from a combined cycle plant located in Autauga County, Alabama. Revenue requirement obligations to Alabama Power for these upgrades are estimated to be $132.0 million for the entire project. These costs began in July 2012 and will continue through 2023. The Company reimbursed Alabama Power $11.9 million, $7.9 million, and $3.0 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively, for the revenue requirements. These costs have been approved for recovery by the Florida PSC through the Company's purchased power capacity cost recovery clause and by the FERC in the transmission facilities cost allocation tariff.
The Company provides incidental services to and receives such services from other Southern Company subsidiaries which are generally minor in duration and amount. Except as described herein, the Company neither provided nor received any material services to or from affiliates in 2014, 2013, or 2012.
The traditional operating companies, including the Company, and Southern Power may jointly enter into various types of wholesale energy, natural gas, and certain other contracts, either directly or through SCS, as agent. Each participating company may be jointly and severally liable for the obligations incurred under these agreements. See Note 7 under "Fuel and Purchased Power Agreements" for additional information.
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
The Company is subject to the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board in accounting for the effects of rate regulation. Regulatory assets represent probable future revenues associated with certain costs that are expected to be recovered from customers through the ratemaking process. Regulatory liabilities represent probable future reductions in revenues associated with amounts that are expected to be credited to customers through the ratemaking process.
Regulatory assets and (liabilities) reflected in the balance sheets at December 31 relate to:
 
2014

 
2013

 
Note
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Deferred income tax charges
$
53,234

 
$
47,573

 
(a)
Deferred income tax charges — Medicare subsidy
3,024

 
3,351

 
(b)
Asset retirement obligations
(5,087
)
 
(6,089
)
 
(a,j)
Other cost of removal obligations
(242,997
)
 
(228,148
)
 
(a)
Regulatory asset, offset to other cost of removal
8,410

 

 
(m)
Deferred income tax credits
(3,872
)
 
(5,238
)
 
(a)
Loss on reacquired debt
15,991

 
16,565

 
(c)
Vacation pay
10,006

 
9,521

 
(d,j)
Under recovered regulatory clause revenues
52,619

 
45,191

 
(e)
Property damage reserve
(35,111
)
 
(35,380
)
 
(f)
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses
73,474

 
17,043

 
(g,j)
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) gains
(112
)
 
(6,962
)
 
(g,j)
PPA charges
185,065

 
180,149

 
(j,k)
Other regulatory assets
9,753

 
12,772

 
(l)
Environmental remediation
48,271

 
50,384

 
(h,j)
Other regulatory liabilities
(649
)
 
(8,804
)
 
(f,j)
Retiree benefit plans, net
147,625

 
68,296

 
(i,j)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net
$
319,644

 
$
160,224

 
 
Note: The recovery and amortization periods for these regulatory assets and (liabilities) are as follows:
(a)
Asset retirement and removal assets and liabilities are recorded, deferred income tax assets are recovered, and deferred income tax liabilities are amortized over the related property lives, which may range up to 65 years. Asset retirement and removal assets and liabilities will be settled and trued up following completion of the related activities.
(b)
Recovered and amortized over periods not exceeding 14 years.
(c)
Recovered over either the remaining life of the original issue or, if refinanced, over the life of the new issue, which may range up to 40 years.
(d)
Recorded as earned by employees and recovered as paid, generally within one year. This includes both vacation and banked holiday pay.
(e)
Recorded and recovered or amortized as approved by the Florida PSC, generally within one year.
(f)
Recorded and recovered or amortized as approved by the Florida PSC.
(g)
Fuel-hedging assets and liabilities are recognized over the life of the underlying hedged purchase contracts, which generally do not exceed five years. Upon final settlement, actual costs incurred are recovered through the fuel cost recovery clause.
(h)
Recovered through the environmental cost recovery clause when the remediation is performed.
(i)
Recovered and amortized over the average remaining service period which may range up to 14 years. See Note 2 for additional information.
(j)
Not earning a return as offset in rate base by a corresponding asset or liability.
(k)
Recovered over the life of the PPA for periods up to nine years.
(l)
Comprised primarily of net book value of retired meters, deferred rate case expenses, and generation site evaluation costs. These costs are recorded and recovered or amortized as approved by the Florida PSC, generally over periods not exceeding eight years, or deferred pursuant to Florida statute while the Company continues to evaluate certain potential new generating projects.
(m) Recorded as authorized by the Florida PSC in a settlement agreement approved in December 2013. See Note 3 for additional information.
In the event that a portion of the Company's operations is no longer subject to applicable accounting rules for rate regulation, the Company would be required to write off to income or reclassify to accumulated OCI related regulatory assets and liabilities that are not specifically recoverable through regulated rates. In addition, the Company would be required to determine if any impairment to other assets, including plant, exists and write down the assets, if impaired, to their fair values. All regulatory assets and liabilities are to be reflected in rates. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters" for additional information.
Revenues
Wholesale capacity revenues are generally recognized on a levelized basis over the appropriate contract period. Energy and other revenues are recognized as services are provided. Unbilled revenues related to retail sales are accrued at the end of each fiscal period. Electric rates for the Company include provisions to adjust billings for fluctuations in fuel costs, the energy component of purchased power costs, and certain other costs. The Company continuously monitors the over or under recovered fuel cost balance in light of the inherent variability in fuel costs. The Company is required to notify the Florida PSC if the projected fuel cost over or under recovery is expected to exceed 10% of the projected fuel revenue applicable for the period and indicate if an adjustment to the fuel cost recovery factor is being requested. The Company has similar retail cost recovery clauses for energy conservation costs, purchased power capacity costs, and environmental compliance costs. Revenues are adjusted for differences between these actual costs and amounts billed in current regulated rates. Under or over recovered regulatory clause revenues are recorded in the balance sheets and are recovered or returned to customers through adjustments to the billing factors. Annually, the Company petitions for recovery of projected costs including any true-up amounts from prior periods, and approved rates are implemented each January. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters" for additional information.
The Company has a diversified base of customers. No single customer or industry comprises 10% or more of revenues. For all periods presented, uncollectible accounts averaged less than 1% of revenues.
Fuel Costs
Fuel costs are expensed as the fuel is used. Fuel expense generally includes fuel transportation costs and the cost of purchased emissions allowances as they are used. Fuel expense and emissions allowance costs are recovered by the Company through the fuel cost recovery and environmental cost recovery rates, respectively, approved annually by the Florida PSC.
Income and Other Taxes
The Company uses the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes and provides deferred income taxes for all significant income tax temporary differences. Federal ITCs utilized are deferred and amortized to income over the average life of the related property and state ITCs are recognized in the period in which the credit is claimed on the state income tax return. Taxes that are collected from customers on behalf of governmental agencies to be remitted to these agencies are presented net on the statements of income.
In accordance with accounting standards related to the uncertainty in income taxes, the Company recognizes tax positions that are "more likely than not" of being sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities. See Note 5 under "Unrecognized Tax Benefits" for additional information.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost less any regulatory disallowances and impairments. Original cost includes: materials; labor; minor items of property; appropriate administrative and general costs; payroll-related costs such as taxes, pensions, and other benefits; and the interest capitalized and cost of equity funds used during construction.
The Company's property, plant, and equipment in service consisted of the following at December 31:
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in thousands)
Generation
$
2,637,817

 
$
2,607,166

Transmission
515,754

 
473,378

Distribution
1,156,872

 
1,117,024

General
182,734

 
164,065

Plant acquisition adjustment
1,776

 
2,031

Total plant in service
$
4,494,953

 
$
4,363,664


The cost of replacements of property, exclusive of minor items of property, is capitalized. The cost of maintenance, repairs, and replacement of minor items of property is charged to other operations and maintenance expenses as incurred or performed.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation of the original cost of utility plant in service is provided primarily by using composite straight-line rates, which approximated 3.6% in 2014, 2013, and 2012. Depreciation studies are conducted periodically to update the composite rates. These studies are approved by the Florida PSC and the FERC. When property subject to depreciation is retired or otherwise disposed of in the normal course of business, its original cost, together with the cost of removal, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation. For other property dispositions, the applicable cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet accounts, and a gain or loss is recognized. Minor items of property included in the original cost of the plant are retired when the related property unit is retired. As authorized by the Florida PSC in the settlement agreement approved in December 2013 (Settlement Agreement), the Company is allowed to reduce depreciation expense and record a regulatory asset in an aggregate amount up to $62.5 million between January 2014 and June 2017. See Note 3 herein under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Retail Base Rate Case" for additional information.
Asset Retirement Obligations and Other Costs of Removal
Asset retirement obligations (ARO) are computed as the present value of the ultimate costs for an asset's future retirement and are recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred. The costs are capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset and depreciated over the asset's useful life. The Company has received an order from the Florida PSC allowing the continued accrual of other future retirement costs for long-lived assets that the Company does not have a legal obligation to retire. Accordingly, the accumulated removal costs for these obligations are reflected in the balance sheets as a regulatory liability.
The liability for AROs primarily relates to the Company's combustion turbines at its Pea Ridge facility, various landfill sites, a barge unloading dock, asbestos removal, ash ponds, and disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls in certain transformers. The Company also has identified retirement obligations related to certain transmission and distribution facilities, certain wireless communication towers, and certain structures authorized by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. However, liabilities for the removal of these assets have not been recorded because the settlement timing for the retirement obligations related to these assets is indeterminable and, therefore, the fair value of the retirement obligations cannot be reasonably estimated. A liability for these AROs will be recognized when sufficient information becomes available to support a reasonable estimation of the ARO. The Company will continue to recognize in the statements of income allowed removal costs in accordance with its regulatory treatment. Any differences between costs recognized in accordance with accounting standards related to asset retirement and environmental obligations and those reflected in rates are recognized as either a regulatory asset or liability, as ordered by the Florida PSC, and are reflected in the balance sheets.
Details of the AROs included in the balance sheets are as follows:
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
$
16,184

 
$
16,055

Liabilities incurred

 
518

Liabilities settled
(32
)
 
(1,913
)
Accretion
718

 
751

Cash flow revisions
(159
)
 
773

Balance at end of year
$
16,711

 
$
16,184


The 2014 cash flow revisions are associated with asbestos and ash ponds at the Company's steam generation facilities. The 2013 cash flow revisions are associated with asbestos and an unloading dock at its generation facilities.
On December 19, 2014, the EPA issued the Disposal of Coal Combustion Residuals from Electric Utilities final rule (CCR Rule), but has not yet published it in the Federal Register. The CCR Rule will regulate the disposal of CCR, including coal ash and gypsum, as non-hazardous solid waste in landfills and surface impoundments at active generating power plants. The ultimate impact of the CCR Rule cannot be determined at this time and will depend on the Company's ongoing review of the CCR Rule, the results of initial and ongoing minimum criteria assessments, and the outcome of legal challenges. The cost and timing of potential ash pond closure and ongoing monitoring activities that may be required in connection with the CCR Rule is also uncertain; however, the Company has developed a preliminary nominal dollar estimate of costs associated with closure and groundwater monitoring of ash ponds in place of approximately $62 million and ongoing post-closure care of approximately $11 million. The Company has previously recorded AROs associated with ash ponds of $6 million, or $11 million on a nominal dollar basis, based on existing state requirements. During 2015, the Company will record AROs for any incremental estimated closure costs resulting from acceleration in the timing of any currently planned closures and for differences between existing state requirements and the requirements of the CCR Rule. The Company's results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition could be significantly impacted if such costs are not recovered through regulated rates.
Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
In accordance with regulatory treatment, the Company records AFUDC, which represents the estimated debt and equity costs of capital funds that are necessary to finance the construction of new regulated facilities. While cash is not realized currently from such allowance, AFUDC increases the revenue requirement and is recovered over the service life of the plant through a higher rate base and higher depreciation. The equity component of AFUDC is not included in calculating taxable income. The average annual AFUDC rate was 5.73% for 2014, 6.26% for 2013, and 6.72% for 2012. AFUDC, net of income taxes, as a percentage of net income after dividends on preference stock was 10.93%, 6.87%, and 5.36% for 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangibles
The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. The determination of whether an impairment has occurred is based on either a specific regulatory disallowance or an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the assets, as compared with the carrying value of the assets. If an impairment has occurred, the amount of the impairment recognized is determined by either the amount of regulatory disallowance or by estimating the fair value of the assets and recording a loss if the carrying value is greater than the fair value. For assets identified as held for sale, the carrying value is compared to the estimated fair value less the cost to sell in order to determine if an impairment loss is required. Until the assets are disposed of, their estimated fair value is re-evaluated when circumstances or events change.
Property Damage Reserve
The Company accrues for the cost of repairing damages from major storms and other uninsured property damages, including uninsured damages to transmission and distribution facilities, generation facilities, and other property. The costs of such damage are charged to the reserve. The Florida PSC approved annual accrual to the property damage reserve is $3.5 million, with a target level for the reserve between $48.0 million and $55.0 million. The Florida PSC also authorized the Company to make additional accruals above the $3.5 million at the Company's discretion. The Company accrued total expenses of $3.5 million in each of 2014, 2013, and 2012. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the balance in the Company's property damage reserve totaled approximately $35.7 million and $35.4 million, respectively, which is included in deferred liabilities in the balance sheets.
When the property damage reserve is inadequate to cover the cost of major storms, the Florida PSC can authorize a storm cost recovery surcharge to be applied to customer bills. In December 2013, the Florida PSC approved the Settlement Agreement that, among other things, provides for recovery of costs associated with any tropical systems named by the National Hurricane Center through the initiation of a storm surcharge. The storm surcharge will begin, on an interim basis, 60 days following the filing of a cost recovery petition. The storm surcharge generally may not exceed $4.00/1,000 KWHs on monthly residential bills in aggregate for a calendar year. This limitation does not apply if the Company incurs in excess of $100 million in storm recovery costs that qualify for recovery in a given calendar year. This threshold amount is inclusive of the amount necessary to replenish the storm reserve to the level that existed as of December 31, 2013. See Note 3 herein under "Retail Regulatory Matters – Retail Base Rate Case" for additional details of the Settlement Agreement.
Injuries and Damages Reserve
The Company is subject to claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business. As permitted by the Florida PSC, the Company accrues for the uninsured costs of injuries and damages by charges to income amounting to $1.6 million annually. The Florida PSC has also given the Company the flexibility to increase its annual accrual above $1.6 million to the extent the balance in the reserve does not exceed $2.0 million and to defer expense recognition of liabilities greater than the balance in the reserve. The cost of settling claims is charged to the reserve. The injuries and damages reserve was $4.0 million and $3.6 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. For 2014, $1.6 million and $2.4 million are included in current liabilities and deferred credits and other liabilities in the balance sheets, respectively. For 2013, $1.6 million and $2.0 million are included in current liabilities and deferred credits and other liabilities in the balance sheets, respectively. There were no liabilities in excess of the reserve balance at December 31, 2014 or 2013.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the financial statements, temporary cash investments are considered cash equivalents. Temporary cash investments are securities with original maturities of 90 days or less.
Materials and Supplies
Generally, materials and supplies include the average cost of transmission, distribution, and generating plant materials. Materials are charged to inventory when purchased and then expensed or capitalized to plant, as appropriate, at weighted average cost when installed.
Fuel Inventory
Fuel inventory includes the average cost of oil, natural gas, coal, transportation, and emissions allowances. Fuel is charged to inventory when purchased and then expensed, at weighted average cost, as used. Fuel expense and emissions allowance costs are recovered by the Company through the fuel cost recovery and environmental cost recovery rates, respectively, approved annually by the Florida PSC. Emissions allowances granted by the EPA are included in inventory at zero cost.
Financial Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to limit exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, the prices of certain fuel purchases, and electricity purchases and sales. All derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities (included in "Other" or shown separately as "Risk Management Activities") and are measured at fair value. See Note 9 for additional information regarding fair value. Substantially all of the Company's bulk energy purchases and sales contracts that meet the definition of a derivative are excluded from fair value accounting requirements because they qualify for the "normal" scope exception, and are accounted for under the accrual method. Derivative contracts that qualify as cash flow hedges of anticipated transactions or are recoverable through the Florida PSC approved fuel-hedging program result in the deferral of related gains and losses in OCI or regulatory assets and liabilities, respectively, until the hedged transactions occur. Any ineffectiveness arising from cash flow hedges is recognized currently in net income. Other derivative contracts that qualify as fair value hedges are marked to market through current period income and are recorded on a net basis in the statements of income. See Note 10 for additional information regarding derivatives.
The Company does not offset fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. Additionally, the Company had no outstanding collateral repayment obligations or rights to reclaim collateral arising from derivative instruments recognized at December 31, 2014.
The Company is exposed to losses related to financial instruments in the event of counterparties' nonperformance. The Company has established controls to determine and monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties in order to mitigate the Company's exposure to counterparty credit risk.
Comprehensive Income
The objective of comprehensive income is to report a measure of all changes in common stock equity of an enterprise that result from transactions and other economic events of the period other than transactions with owners. Comprehensive income consists of net income, changes in the fair value of qualifying cash flow hedges, and reclassifications for amounts included in net income.
Mississippi Power [Member]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
General
Mississippi Power Company (the Company) is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Southern Company (Southern Company), which is the parent company of the Company and three other traditional operating companies, as well as Southern Power, SCS, SouthernLINC Wireless, Southern Company Holdings, Inc. (Southern Holdings), Southern Nuclear, and other direct and indirect subsidiaries. The traditional operating companies – Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, and the Company – are vertically integrated utilities providing electric service in four Southeastern states. The Company operates as a vertically integrated utility providing electricity to retail customers in southeast Mississippi and to wholesale customers in the Southeast. Southern Power constructs, acquires, owns, and manages generation assets, including renewable energy projects, and sells electricity at market-based rates in the wholesale market. SCS, the system service company, provides, at cost, specialized services to Southern Company and its subsidiary companies. SouthernLINC Wireless provides digital wireless communications for use by Southern Company and its subsidiary companies and also markets these services to the public and provides fiber cable services within the Southeast. Southern Holdings is an intermediate holding company subsidiary, primarily for Southern Company's investments in leveraged leases. Southern Nuclear operates and provides services to the Southern Company system's nuclear power plants.
The Company is subject to regulation by the FERC and the Mississippi PSC. The Company follows GAAP in the U.S. and complies with the accounting policies and practices prescribed by its regulatory commissions. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates, and the actual results may differ from those estimates. Certain prior years' data presented in the financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASC 606 revises the accounting for revenue recognition and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company continues to evaluate the requirements of ASC 606. The ultimate impact of the new standard has not yet been determined.
Affiliate Transactions
The Company has an agreement with SCS under which the following services are rendered to the Company at direct or allocated cost: general and design engineering, operations, purchasing, accounting, finance and treasury, tax, information technology, marketing, auditing, insurance and pension administration, human resources, systems and procedures, digital wireless communications, and other services with respect to business and operations, construction management, and power pool transactions. Costs for these services amounted to $259.0 million, $205.0 million, and $212.7 million during 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Cost allocation methodologies used by SCS prior to the repeal of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, as amended, were approved by the SEC. Subsequently, additional cost allocation methodologies have been reported to the FERC and management believes they are reasonable. The FERC permits services to be rendered at cost by system service companies.
The Company has an agreement with Alabama Power under which the Company owns a portion of Greene County Steam Plant. Alabama Power operates Greene County Steam Plant, and the Company reimburses Alabama Power for its proportionate share of non-fuel expenditures and costs, which totaled $13.4 million, $12.5 million, and $11.7 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Also, the Company reimburses Alabama Power for any direct fuel purchases delivered from an Alabama Power transfer facility, which were $34.5 million, $27.1 million, and $28.1 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. The Company also has an agreement with Gulf Power under which Gulf Power owns a portion of Plant Daniel. The Company operates Plant Daniel, and Gulf Power reimburses the Company for its proportionate share of all associated expenditures and costs, which totaled $30.5 million, $16.5 million, and $21.2 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. See Note 4 for additional information.
The Company also provides incidental services to and receives such services from other Southern Company subsidiaries which are generally minor in duration and amount. Except as described herein, the Company neither provided nor received any material services to or from affiliates in 2014 or 2013. The Company received storm assistance from other Southern Company subsidiaries totaling $2.0 million in 2012.
The traditional operating companies, including the Company, and Southern Power may jointly enter into various types of wholesale energy, natural gas, and certain other contracts, either directly or through SCS, as agent. Each participating company may be jointly and severally liable for the obligations incurred under these agreements. See Note 7 under "Fuel and Purchased Power Agreements" for additional information.
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
The Company is subject to the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board in accounting for the effects of rate regulation. Regulatory assets represent probable future revenues associated with certain costs that are expected to be recovered from customers through the ratemaking process. Regulatory liabilities represent probable future reductions in revenues associated with amounts that are expected to be credited to customers through the ratemaking process.
Regulatory assets and (liabilities) reflected in the balance sheets at December 31 relate to:
 
2014

 
2013

 
Note
 
(in thousands)
Retiree benefit plans – regulatory assets
$
169,317

 
$
82,799

 
(a,g)
Property damage
(61,648
)
 
(60,092
)
 
(i)
Deferred income tax charges
222,599

 
140,185

 
(c)
Property tax
27,680

 
31,206

 
(d)
Vacation pay
11,172

 
10,214

 
(e,g)
Loss on reacquired debt
8,542

 
9,178

 
(k)
Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4 regulatory assets
23,013

 
18,821

 
(j)
Other regulatory assets
16,270

 
5,415

 
(b)
Fuel-hedging (realized and unrealized) losses
46,631

 
10,340

 
(f,g)
Asset retirement obligations
10,845

 
8,918

 
(c)
Deferred income tax credits
(9,370
)
 
(10,191
)
 
(c)
Other cost of removal obligations
(165,999
)
 
(156,683
)
 
(c)
Kemper IGCC regulatory assets
147,689

 
75,873

 
(h)
Mirror CWIP / Kemper regulatory deferral
(270,779
)
 
(90,524
)
 
(h)
Other regulatory liabilities
(4,198
)
 
(8,855
)
 
(b)
Total regulatory assets (liabilities), net
$
171,764

 
$
66,604

 
 

Note: The recovery and amortization periods for these regulatory assets and (liabilities) are as follows:
(a)
Recovered and amortized over the average remaining service period which may range up to 14 years. See Note 2 for additional information.
(b)
Recorded and recovered (amortized) as approved by the Mississippi PSC.
(c)
Asset retirement and removal assets and liabilities and deferred income tax assets are recovered, and removal assets and deferred income tax liabilities are amortized over the related property lives, which may range up to 49 years. Asset retirement and removal assets and liabilities will be settled and trued up following completion of the related activities.
(d)
Recovered through the ad valorem tax adjustment clause over a 12-month period beginning in April of the following year. See Note 3 under "Ad Valorem Tax Adjustment" for additional information.
(e)
Recorded as earned by employees and recovered as paid, generally within one year. This includes both vacation and banked holiday pay.
(f)
Fuel-hedging assets and liabilities are recorded over the life of the underlying hedged purchase contracts, which generally do not exceed four years. Upon final settlement, costs are recovered through the ECM.
(g)
Not earning a return as offset in rate base by a corresponding asset or liability.
(h)
For additional information, see Note 3 under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle – Rate Recovery of Kemper IGCC Costs – Regulatory Assets and Liabilities."
(i)
For additional information, see Note 1 under "Provision for Property Damage."
(j)
Deferred and amortized over a 10-year period beginning October 2021, as approved by the Mississippi PSC for the difference between the revenue requirement under the purchase option and the revenue requirement assuming operating lease accounting treatment for the extended term.
(k)
Recovered over the remaining life of the original issue or, if refinanced, over the life of the new issue, which may range up to 50 years.
In the event that a portion of the Company's operations is no longer subject to applicable accounting rules for rate regulation, the Company would be required to write off to income any regulatory assets and liabilities that are not specifically recoverable through regulated rates. In addition, the Company would be required to determine if any impairment to other assets, including plant, exists and write down the assets, if impaired, to their fair values. All regulatory assets and liabilities are to be reflected in rates. See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters" and "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information.
Government Grants
In 2010, the DOE, through a cooperative agreement with SCS, agreed to fund $270.0 million of the Kemper IGCC through the DOE Grants funds. Through December 31, 2014, the Company has received grant funds of $245.3 million, used for the construction of the Kemper IGCC, which is reflected in the Company's financial statements as a reduction to the Kemper IGCC capital costs. An additional $25 million is expected to be received for its initial operation. See Note 3 under "Kemper IGCC Schedule and Cost Estimate" for additional information.
Revenues
Energy and other revenues are recognized as services are provided. Wholesale capacity revenues from long-term contracts are recognized at the lesser of the levelized amount or the amount billable under the contract over the respective contract period. Unbilled revenues related to retail sales are accrued at the end of each fiscal period. The Company's retail and wholesale rates include provisions to adjust billings for fluctuations in fuel costs, fuel hedging, the energy component of purchased power costs, and certain other costs. Retail rates also include provisions to adjust billings for fluctuations in costs for ad valorem taxes and certain qualifying environmental costs. Revenues are adjusted for differences between these actual costs and projected amounts billed in current regulated rates. Under or over recovered regulatory clause revenues are recorded in the balance sheets and are recovered or returned to customers through adjustments to the billing factors. The Company is required to file with the Mississippi PSC for an adjustment to the fuel cost recovery, ad valorem, and environmental factors annually.
The Company serves long-term contracts with rural electric cooperative associations and municipalities located in southeastern Mississippi under cost-based MRA electric tariffs which are subject to regulation by the FERC. The contracts with these wholesale customers represented 21.9% of the Company's total operating revenues in 2014 and are largely subject to rolling 10-year cancellation notices.
The Company has a diversified base of customers. No single customer or industry comprises 10% or more of revenues. For all periods presented, uncollectible accounts averaged less than 1% of revenues.
See Note 3 under "Retail Regulatory Matters" for additional information.
Fuel Costs
Fuel costs are expensed as the fuel is used. Fuel expense generally includes fuel transportation costs and the cost of purchased emissions allowances as they are used. Fuel costs also include gains and/or losses from fuel-hedging programs as approved by the Mississippi PSC.
Income and Other Taxes
The Company uses the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes and provides deferred income taxes for all significant income tax temporary differences. ITCs utilized are deferred and amortized to income over the average life of the related property. Taxes that are collected from customers on behalf of governmental agencies to be remitted to these agencies are presented net on the statements of operations.
In accordance with accounting standards related to the uncertainty in income taxes, the Company recognizes tax positions that are "more likely than not" of being sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities. See Note 5 under "Unrecognized Tax Benefits" for additional information.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost less any regulatory disallowances and impairments. Original cost includes: materials; labor; minor items of property; appropriate administrative and general costs; payroll-related costs such as taxes, pensions, and other benefits; and the interest capitalized and cost of equity funds used during construction for projects where recovery of CWIP is not allowed in rates.
The Company's property, plant, and equipment in service consisted of the following at December 31:
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in thousands)
Generation
$
2,293,511

 
$
1,475,264

Transmission
664,618

 
633,903

Distribution
853,835

 
828,470

General
484,711

 
439,721

Plant acquisition adjustment
81,412

 
81,412

Total plant in service
$
4,378,087

 
$
3,458,770


The cost of replacements of property, exclusive of minor items of property, is capitalized. The cost of maintenance, repairs, and replacement of minor items of property is charged to other operations and maintenance expenses except for all costs associated with operating and maintaining the Kemper IGCC assets already placed in service and a portion of the railway track maintenance costs, which are charged to fuel stock and recovered through the Company's fuel clause or charged to regulatory assets to be recovered through rates over the life of the assets starting after the Kemper plant is placed in service. In addition, the cost of maintenance, repairs, and replacement of minor items of property for Kemper IGCC assets in service, excluding the lignite mine, are deferred in regulatory assets. See Note 3 under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information.
Depreciation, Depletion, and Amortization
Depreciation of the original cost of plant in service is provided primarily by using composite straight-line rates, which approximated 3.3% in 2014, 3.4% in 2013, and 3.5% in 2012. Depreciation studies are conducted periodically to update the composite rates. When property subject to depreciation is retired or otherwise disposed of in the normal course of business, its original cost, together with the cost of removal, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation. Minor items of property included in the original cost of the plant are retired when the related property unit is retired. Depreciation includes an amount for the expected cost of removal of facilities.
In January 2012, the Mississippi PSC issued an order allowing the Company to defer in a regulatory asset the difference between the revenue requirement under the purchase option of Plant Daniel Units 3 and 4 and the revenue requirement assuming operating lease accounting treatment for the extended term. The regulatory asset will be deferred for a 10-year period ending October 2021. At the conclusion of the deferral period, the unamortized deferral balance will be amortized into rates over the remaining life of the units.
The Kemper IGCC will be fueled by locally mined lignite (an abundant, lower heating value coal) from a mine owned by the Company and situated adjacent to the Kemper IGCC. The mine, operated by North American Coal Corporation, started commercial operation in June 2013. Depreciation associated with fixed assets, amortization associated with rolling stock, and depletion associated with minerals and minerals rights is recognized and charged to fuel stock and is expected to be recovered through the Company’s fuel clause. Depreciation associated with in-service Kemper IGCC-related assets has been deferred as a regulatory asset to be recovered over the life of the Kemper IGCC.
Asset Retirement Obligations and Other Costs of Removal
Asset retirement obligations (ARO) are computed as the present value of the ultimate costs for an asset's future retirement and are recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred. The costs are capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset and depreciated over the asset's useful life. The Company has received accounting guidance from the Mississippi PSC allowing the continued accrual of other future retirement costs for long-lived assets that the Company does not have a legal obligation to retire. Accordingly, the accumulated removal costs for these obligations are reflected in the balance sheets as a regulatory liability.
The Company has AROs related to various landfill sites, underground storage tanks, deep injection wells, water wells, substation removal, mine reclamation, and asbestos removal. The Company also has identified AROs related to certain transmission and distribution facilities, certain wireless communication towers, and certain structures authorized by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. However, liabilities for the removal of these assets have not been recorded because the settlement timing for the AROs related to these assets is indeterminable and, therefore, the fair value of the AROs cannot be reasonably estimated. A liability for these AROs will be recognized when sufficient information becomes available to support a reasonable estimation of the ARO. The Company will continue to recognize in the statements of operations allowed removal costs in accordance with its regulatory treatment. Any differences between costs recognized in accordance with accounting standards related to asset retirement and environmental obligations and those reflected in rates are recognized as either a regulatory asset or liability, as ordered by the Mississippi PSC, and are reflected in the balance sheets.
Details of the ARO included in the balance sheets are as follows:
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
$
41,910

 
$
42,115

Liabilities settled
(2,529
)
 
(24
)
Accretion
1,969

 
1,840

Cash flow revisions
6,898

 
(2,021
)
Balance at end of year
$
48,248

 
$
41,910


The increase in cash flow revisions in 2014 related to the Company's AROs associated with Watson landfill and Greene County asbestos.
On December 19, 2014, the EPA issued the Disposal of Coal Combustion Residuals from Electric Utilities final rule (CCR Rule), but has not yet published it in the Federal Register. The CCR Rule will regulate the disposal of CCR, including coal ash and gypsum, as non-hazardous solid waste in landfills and surface impoundments at active generating power plants. The ultimate impact of the CCR Rule cannot be determined at this time and will depend on the Company's ongoing review of the CCR Rule, the results of initial and ongoing minimum criteria assessments, and the outcome of legal challenges. The cost and timing of potential ash pond closure and ongoing monitoring activities that may be required in connection with the CCR Rule is also uncertain; however, the Company has developed a preliminary nominal dollar estimate of costs associated with closure and groundwater monitoring of ash ponds in place of approximately $64 million and ongoing post-closure care of approximately $12 million. The Company will record AROs for the estimated closure costs required under the CCR Rule during 2015. The Company's results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition could be significantly impacted if such costs are not recovered through regulated rates.
Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
In accordance with regulatory treatment, the Company records AFUDC, which represents the estimated debt and equity costs of capital funds that are necessary to finance the construction of new regulated facilities. While cash is not realized currently from such allowance, AFUDC increases the revenue requirement and is recovered over the service life of the plant through a higher rate base and higher depreciation. The equity component of AFUDC is not included in the calculation of taxable income. The average annual AFUDC rate was 6.91%, 6.89%, and 7.04% for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. AFUDC equity was $136.4 million, $121.6 million, and $64.8 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangibles
The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. The determination of whether an impairment has occurred is based on either a specific regulatory disallowance or an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the assets, as compared with the carrying value of the assets. If an impairment has occurred, the amount of the impairment recognized is determined by either the amount of regulatory disallowance or by estimating the fair value of the assets and recording a loss if the carrying value is greater than the fair value. For assets identified as held for sale, the carrying value is compared to the estimated fair value less the cost to sell in order to determine if an impairment loss is required. Until the assets are disposed of, their estimated fair value is re-evaluated when circumstances or events change. See Note 3 under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle – Kemper IGCC Schedule and Cost Estimate" for additional information.
Provision for Property Damage
The Company carries insurance for the cost of certain types of damage to generation plants and general property. However, the Company is self-insured for the cost of storm, fire, and other uninsured casualty damage to its property, including transmission and distribution facilities. As permitted by the Mississippi PSC and the FERC, the Company accrues for the cost of such damage through an annual expense accrual credited to regulatory liability accounts for the retail and wholesale jurisdictions. The cost of repairing actual damage resulting from such events that individually exceed $50,000 is charged to the reserve. Every three years the Mississippi PSC, MPUS, and the Company will agree on SRR revenue level(s) for the ensuing period, based on historical data, expected exposure, type and amount of insurance coverage, excluding insurance cost, and any other relevant information. The accrual amount and the reserve balance are determined based on the SRR revenue level(s). If a significant change in circumstances occurs, then the SRR revenue level can be adjusted more frequently if the Company and the MPUS or the Mississippi PSC deem the change appropriate. The property damage reserve accrual will be the difference between the approved SRR revenues and the SRR revenue requirement, excluding any accrual to the reserve. In addition, SRR allows the Company to set up a regulatory asset, pending review, if the allowable actual retail property damage costs exceed the amount in the retail property damage reserve. In 2014, 2013, and 2012, the Company made retail accruals of $3.3 million, $3.2 million, and $3.5 million, respectively. The Company accrued $0.3 million annually in 2014, 2013, and 2012 for the wholesale jurisdiction. As of December 31, 2014, the property damage reserve balances were $60.7 million and $1.0 million for retail and wholesale, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the financial statements, temporary cash investments are considered cash equivalents. Temporary cash investments are securities with original maturities of 90 days or less.
Materials and Supplies
Generally, materials and supplies include the average cost of transmission, distribution, mining, and generating plant materials. Materials are charged to inventory when purchased and then expensed, capitalized to plant, or charged to fuel stock, as appropriate, at weighted-average cost when utilized.
Fuel Inventory
Fuel inventory includes the average cost of coal, lignite, natural gas, oil, transportation and emissions allowances. Fuel is charged to inventory when purchased, except for the cost of owning and operating the lignite mine related to the Kemper IGCC which is charged to inventory as incurred, and then expensed, at weighted average cost, as used and recovered by the Company through fuel cost recovery rates or capitalized as part of the Kemper IGCC costs if used for testing. The retail rate is approved by the Mississippi PSC and the wholesale rates are approved by the FERC. Emissions allowances granted by the EPA are included in inventory at zero cost.
Financial Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to limit exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, the prices of certain fuel purchases, electricity purchases and sales, and occasionally foreign currency exchange rates. All derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities (included in "Other" or shown separately as "Risk Management Activities") and are measured at fair value. See Note 9 for additional information regarding fair value. Substantially all of the Company's bulk energy purchases and sales contracts that meet the definition of a derivative are excluded from the fair value accounting requirements because they qualify for the "normal" scope exception, and are accounted for under the accrual method. Fuel and interest rate derivative contracts qualify as cash flow hedges of anticipated transactions or are recoverable through the Mississippi PSC approved fuel-hedging program as discussed below result in the deferral of related gains and losses in OCI or regulatory assets and liabilities, respectively, until the hedged transactions occur. Foreign currency exchange rate hedges are designated as fair value hedges. Settled foreign currency exchange hedges are recorded in CWIP. Any ineffectiveness arising from these would be recognized currently in net income; however, the Company has regulatory approval allowing it to defer any ineffectiveness arising from hedging instruments relating to the Kemper IGCC to a regulatory asset. Other derivative contracts that qualify as fair value hedges are marked to market through current period income and are recorded on a net basis in the statements of operations. The amounts related to derivatives on the cash flow statement are classified in the same category as the items being hedged. See Note 10 for additional information regarding derivatives.
The Company does not offset fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. Additionally, the Company has no outstanding collateral repayment obligations or rights to reclaim collateral arising from derivative instruments recognized at December 31, 2014.
The Company has an ECM clause which, among other things, allows the Company to utilize financial instruments to hedge its fuel commitments. Changes in the fair value of these financial instruments are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities. Amounts paid or received as a result of financial settlement of these instruments are classified as fuel expense and are included in the ECM factor applied to customer billings. The Company's jurisdictional wholesale customers have a similar ECM mechanism, which has been approved by the FERC.
The Company is exposed to losses related to financial instruments in the event of counterparties' nonperformance. The Company has established controls to determine and monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties in order to mitigate the Company's exposure to counterparty credit risk.
Comprehensive Income
The objective of comprehensive income is to report a measure of all changes in common stock equity of an enterprise that result from transactions and other economic events of the period other than transactions with owners. Comprehensive income consists of net income, changes in the fair value of qualifying cash flow hedges, certain changes in pension and other postretirement benefit plans, and reclassifications for amounts included in net income.
Variable Interest Entities
The primary beneficiary of a VIE is required to consolidate the VIE when it has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
The Company is required to provide financing for all costs associated with the mine development and operation under a contract with Liberty Fuels Company, LLC, a subsidiary of North American Coal Corporation (Liberty Fuels), in conjunction with the construction of the Kemper IGCC. Liberty Fuels qualifies as a VIE for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the VIE consolidation resulted in an ARO asset and associated liability in the amounts of $21.0 million and $23.6 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the VIE consolidation resulted in an ARO and an associated liability in the amounts of $21.0 million and $22.7 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the VIE consolidation resulted in an ARO and associated liability in the amounts of $21.0 million and $21.8 million, respectively. See Note 3 under "Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle" for additional information.
Southern Power [Member]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
General
Southern Power Company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Southern Company (Southern Company), which is also the parent company of four traditional operating companies, SCS, SouthernLINC Wireless, Southern Company Holdings, Inc. (Southern Holdings), Southern Nuclear, and other direct and indirect subsidiaries. The traditional operating companies – Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, and Mississippi Power – are vertically integrated utilities providing electric service in four Southeastern states. Southern Power Company and its subsidiaries (the Company) construct, acquire, own, and manage generation assets, including renewable energy projects, and sell electricity at market-based rates in the wholesale market. SCS, the system service company, provides, at cost, specialized services to Southern Company and its subsidiary companies. SouthernLINC Wireless provides digital wireless communications for use by Southern Company and its subsidiary companies and also markets these services to the public and provides fiber cable services within the Southeast. Southern Holdings is an intermediate holding company subsidiary, primarily for Southern Company's investments in leveraged leases. Southern Nuclear operates and provides services to the Southern Company system's nuclear power plants.
Southern Power Company and certain of its generation subsidiaries are subject to regulation by the FERC. The Company follows GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates, and the actual results may differ from those estimates. Certain prior years' data presented in the financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. This includes an adjustment to the presentation of prepaid long-term service agreements (LTSA) to present amounts as noncurrent assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Prior period amounts recorded within other current assets have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. See "Long-Term Service Agreements" herein for additional information.
The financial statements include the accounts of Southern Power Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Southern Company – Florida, LLC, Oleander Power Project, LP, and Nacogdoches Power, LLC, which own, operate, and maintain the Company's ownership interests in Plants Stanton Unit A, Oleander, and Nacogdoches, respectively. The financial statements also include the accounts of Southern Power Company's wholly-owned subsidiaries, SRE and SRP. SRE and SRP were formed to construct, acquire, own, and manage renewable generation assets and sell electricity at market-based prices in the wholesale market. Through STR, a jointly-owned subsidiary owned 90% by SRE and 10% by TRE, SRE and its subsidiaries own, operate, and maintain Plants Adobe, Apex, Campo Verde, Cimarron, Granville, Macho Springs, and Spectrum. Through SG2 Holdings, a jointly-owned subsidiary owned 51% by SRP and 49% by First Solar, SRP owns, operates, and maintains Plant Imperial Valley. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASC 606 revises the accounting for revenue recognition and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company continues to evaluate the requirements of ASC 606. The ultimate impact of the new standard has not yet been determined.
Affiliate Transactions
Southern Power Company has an agreement with SCS under which the following services are rendered to the Company at amounts in compliance with FERC regulation: general and design engineering, purchasing, accounting, finance and treasury, tax, information technology, marketing, auditing, insurance and pension administration, human resources, systems and procedures, digital wireless communications, labor, and other services with respect to business and operations, construction management, and transactions associated with the Southern Company system's fleet of generating units. Because the Company has no employees, all employee-related charges are rendered at amounts in compliance with FERC regulation under agreements with SCS. Costs for all of these services from SCS amounted to approximately $125.9 million in 2014, $117.6 million in 2013, and $125.4 million in 2012. Of these costs, approximately $124.8 million in 2014, $114.3 million in 2013, and $107.7 million in 2012 were other operations and maintenance expenses; the remainder was recorded to plant in service. Cost allocation methodologies used by SCS prior to the repeal of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, as amended, were approved by the SEC. Subsequently, additional cost allocation methodologies have been reported to the FERC and management believes they are reasonable. The FERC permits services to be rendered at cost by system service companies.
The Company has several agreements with SCS for transmission services. Transmission purchased from affiliates totaled $6.8 million in 2014, $8.3 million in 2013, and $6.6 million in 2012. All charges were billed to the Company based on the Southern Company Open Access Transmission Tariff as filed with the FERC.
Total billings for all PPAs with affiliates were $156.4 million, $148.4 million, and $159.9 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Deferred amounts outstanding as of December 31 are included in the balance sheet as follows:
 
2014
 
2013
 
(in millions)
Other deferred charges and assets - affiliated
$
2.9

 
$
1.9

Other current liabilities

 
(4.2
)
Deferred capacity revenues - affiliated
(15.3
)
 
(15.3
)
Total deferred amounts outstanding
$
(12.4
)
 
$
(17.6
)

Revenue recognized under affiliate PPAs accounted for as operating leases totaled $74.8 million, $69.0 million, and $76.2 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. The Company and the traditional operating companies may jointly enter into various types of wholesale energy, natural gas, and certain other contracts, either directly or through SCS as agent. Each participating company may be jointly and severally liable for the obligations incurred under these agreements. See "Revenues" herein for additional information.
The Company and the traditional operating companies generally settle amounts related to the above transactions on a monthly basis in the month following the performance of such services or the purchase or sale of electricity.
Acquisition Accounting
The Company acquires generation assets as part of its overall growth strategy. The Company accounts for business acquisitions from non-affiliates as business combinations. Accordingly, the Company includes these operations in the consolidated financial statements from the respective date of acquisition. The purchase price, including contingent consideration, if any, of each acquisition is allocated based on the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities. Assets acquired that do not meet the definition of a business in accordance with GAAP are accounted for as asset acquisitions. The purchase price of each asset acquisition is allocated based on the relative fair value of assets acquired. Any due diligence or transition costs incurred by the Company for successful or potential acquisitions are expensed as incurred.
Revenues
The Company sells capacity at rates specified under contractual terms for long-term PPAs. These PPAs are generally accounted for as operating leases, non-derivatives, or normal sale derivatives. Capacity revenues from PPAs classified as operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement. Capacity revenues from PPAs classified as non-derivatives or normal sales are recognized at the lesser of the levelized amount or the amount billable under the contract over the respective contract periods. When multiple contracts exist with the same counterparty, the revenues from each contract are accounted for as separate arrangements.
The Company may also enter into contracts to sell short-term capacity in the wholesale electricity markets. These sales are generally classified as mark-to-market derivatives and net unrealized gains (losses) on such contracts are recorded in wholesale revenues. See Note 9 for further information.
Energy revenues and other contingent revenues are recognized in the period the energy is delivered or the service is rendered. All revenues under solar PPAs are accounted for as contingent revenues and recognized as services are performed. Transmission revenues and other fees are recognized as earned as other operating revenues. Revenues are recorded on a gross basis for all full requirements PPAs. See "Financial Instruments" herein for additional information.
Significant portions of the Company's revenues have been derived from certain customers pursuant to PPAs. The following table shows the percentage of total revenues for the top three customers:
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
FPL
10.1
%
 
11.8
%
 
12.8
%
Georgia Power
9.7
%
 
10.7
%
 
12.5
%
Duke Energy Corporation
9.1
%
 
10.3
%
 
5.9
%

Fuel Costs
Fuel costs are expensed as the fuel is used. Fuel costs also include emissions allowances which are expensed as the emissions occur.
Income and Other Taxes
The Company uses the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes and provides deferred income taxes for all significant income tax temporary differences.
Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA), certain projects are eligible for federal ITCs. The credits are recorded as a deferred credit and are amortized to income tax expense over the life of the asset. Credits amortized in this manner amounted to $11.4 million, $5.5 million, and $2.6 million in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Furthermore, the tax basis of the asset is reduced by 50% of the credits received, resulting in a net deferred tax asset. The Company has elected to recognize the tax benefit of this basis difference as a reduction to income tax expense in the year in which the plant reaches commercial operation. Federal and state ITCs available to reduce income taxes payable were not fully utilized during the year and will be carried forward and utilized in future years. See Note 5 under "Effective Tax Rate" for additional information.
In accordance with accounting standards related to the uncertainty in income taxes, the Company recognizes tax positions that are "more likely than not" of being sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities. See Note 5 under "Unrecognized Tax Benefits" for additional information.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
The Company's depreciable property, plant, and equipment consists entirely of generation assets.
Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost. Original cost includes: materials, direct labor incurred by contractors and affiliated companies, minor items of property, and interest capitalized. Interest is capitalized on qualifying projects during the development and construction period. The cost to replace significant items of property defined as retirement units is capitalized. The cost of maintenance, repairs, and replacement of minor items of property is charged to other operations and maintenance expenses as incurred.
Depreciation
Beginning in 2014, the Company changed to component depreciation, where the depreciation of the original cost of assets is computed principally by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of assets as determined by management. Certain generation assets are now depreciated on a units-of-production basis, using hours or starts, to better match outage and maintenance costs to the usage of and revenues from these assets. The primary assets in property, plant, and equipment are power plants, which have estimated useful lives ranging from 35 to 45 years. The Company reviews its estimated useful lives and salvage values on an ongoing basis. The results of these reviews could result in changes which could have a material impact on net income in the near term. The book value of plant-in-service as of December 31, 2014 that is depreciated on a units-of-production basis was approximately $470.2 million.
When property subject to depreciation is retired or otherwise disposed of in the normal course of business, the applicable cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and a gain or loss is recognized. For other property dispositions, the applicable cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the balance sheet accounts and a gain or loss is recognized.
Prior to 2014, the Company computed depreciation of the original cost of assets under the straight-line method and applied a composite depreciation rate based on the assets' estimated useful lives as determined by management.
Long-Term Service Agreements
The Company has entered into LTSAs for the purpose of securing maintenance support for substantially all of its generating facilities. The LTSAs cover all planned inspections on the covered equipment, which generally includes the cost of all labor and materials. The LTSAs also obligate the counterparties to cover the costs of unplanned maintenance on the covered equipment subject to limits and scope specified in each contract.
Payments made under the LTSAs prior to the performance of any planned inspections or unplanned capital maintenance are recorded as a prepayment in noncurrent assets on the balance sheets and are recorded as payments pursuant to LTSAs in the statements of cash flows. All work performed is capitalized or charged to expense as appropriate based on the nature of the work when performed; therefore, these charges are non-cash and are not reflected in the statements of cash flows.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangibles
The Company evaluates long-lived assets and finite-lived intangibles for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. The Company's intangible assets consist of acquired PPAs that are amortized over the term of the PPA and goodwill resulting from acquisitions. The average term of these PPAs is 20 years. The determination of whether an impairment has occurred is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the assets, as compared with the carrying value of the assets. If the estimate of undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset, the fair value of the asset is determined and a loss is recorded. For assets identified as held for sale, the carrying value is compared to the estimated fair value less the cost to sell in order to determine if an impairment loss is required. Until the assets are disposed of, their estimated fair value is re-evaluated when circumstances or events change.
The amortization expense for the acquired PPAs for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 was $2.5 million, $2.5 million, and $1.7 million, respectively, and the amortization for future periods is as follows:
 
Amortization
Expense
 
(in millions)
2015
$
2.5

2016
2.4

2017
2.5

2018
2.5

2019
2.5

2020 and beyond
28.5

Total
$
40.9


Emission Reduction Credits
The Company has acquired emission reduction credits necessary for future unspecified construction in areas designated by the EPA as non-attainment areas for nitrogen oxide or volatile organic compound emissions. These credits are reflected on the balance sheets at historical cost. The cost of emission reduction offsets to be surrendered are generally transferred to CWIP upon commencement of construction. The total emission reduction credits were $11.0 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the financial statements, temporary cash investments are considered cash equivalents. Temporary cash investments are securities with original maturities of 90 days or less.
Materials and Supplies
Generally, materials and supplies include the average cost of generating plant materials. Materials are charged to inventory when purchased and then expensed or capitalized to plant, as appropriate, at weighted average cost when installed.
Fuel Inventory
Fuel inventory includes the cost of oil, natural gas, biomass, and emissions allowances. The Company maintains oil inventory for use at several generating units. The Company has contracts in place for natural gas storage to support normal operations of the Company's natural gas generating units. The Company maintains biomass inventory for use at Plant Nacogdoches. Inventory is maintained using the weighted average cost method. Fuel inventory and emissions allowances are recorded at actual cost when purchased and then expensed at weighted average cost as used. Emissions allowances granted by the EPA are included at zero cost.
Financial Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to limit exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, the prices of certain fuel purchases, and electricity purchases and sales. All derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities (included in "Other" or shown separately as "Risk Management Activities") and are measured at fair value. See Note 8 for additional information regarding fair value. Substantially all of the Company's bulk energy purchases and sales contracts that meet the definition of a derivative are excluded from fair value accounting requirements because they qualify for the "normal" scope exception, and are accounted for under the accrual method. Derivative contracts that qualify as cash flow hedges of anticipated transactions result in the deferral of related gains and losses in AOCI until the hedged transactions occur. Any ineffectiveness arising from cash flow hedges is recognized currently in net income. Other derivative contracts that qualify as fair value hedges are marked to market through current period income and are recorded in the financial statement line item where they will eventually settle. See Note 9 for additional information regarding derivatives. Cash flows from derivatives are classified on the statement of cash flows in the same category as the hedged item.
The Company does not offset fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement. Additionally, the Company had no outstanding collateral repayment obligations or rights to reclaim collateral arising from derivative instruments recognized at December 31, 2014.
The Company is exposed to losses related to financial instruments in the event of counterparties' nonperformance. The Company has established controls to determine and monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties in order to mitigate the Company's exposure to counterparty credit risk.
Comprehensive Income
The objective of comprehensive income is to report a measure of all changes in common stock equity of an enterprise that result from transactions and other economic events of the period other than transactions with owners. Comprehensive income consists of net income, changes in the fair value of qualifying cash flow hedges, and reclassifications of amounts included in net income.
Variable Interest Entities
The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (VIE) is required to consolidate the VIE when it has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
The Company has certain wholly-owned subsidiaries that are determined to be VIEs. The Company is considered the primary beneficiary of these VIEs because it controls the most significant activities of the VIEs, including operating and maintaining the respective assets, and has the obligation to absorb expected losses of these VIEs to the extent of its equity interests.