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Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of Stock by Class
The following table sets forth our Preferred Stock:
 
Preferred Stock Issuances
 
Issue Date
 
Number of Shares Outstanding
 
Carrying Value
 
Liquidation Preference Per Share
 
Optional Redemption Date
 
Annual Dividends Payable Per Share
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable
 
2/12/1997
 
29

 
$
29,077

 
$
1,000

 
2/12/2027
 
$
86.25

December 31, 2011
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable
 
2/12/1997
 
29

 
$
29,077

 
$
1,000

 
2/12/2027
 
$
86.25

Our officers generally receive annual grants of stock options and restricted stock on or about March 1 of each year. Restricted stock grants are also made annually to directors and certain other employees. Except as set forth in the next sentence, dividends received on restricted stock are non-forfeitable and are paid at the same rate and on the same date as on shares of Common Stock. Commencing in 2012 with respect to shares of restricted stock issued to our chief executive officer and subject to any delay in payment that would result in adverse tax consequences under Section 409A of the Code, dividends will accumulate and be payable only if and to the extent the shares vest. Dividends paid on subsequently forfeited shares are expensed. Additional total return-based restricted stock may be issued at the end of the three-year periods if actual performance exceeds certain levels of performance. Such additional shares, if any, would be fully vested when issued. No expense is recorded for additional shares of total return-based restricted stock that may be issued at the end of the three-year period since that possibility is reflected in the grant date fair value. The following table sets forth the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for future issuance:

 
December 31,
 
2012
 
2011
Outstanding stock options and warrants
1,144,309

 
1,224,455

Possible future issuance under equity incentive plans
2,047,550

 
2,363,695

 
3,191,859

 
3,588,150

Disclosure of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award
The following table sets forth stock option activity:

 
Options Outstanding
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balances at December 31, 2009
1,467,773

 
$
27.15

Options granted
190,826

 
29.05

Options exercised
(178,403
)
 
22.54

Balances at December 31, 2010 
1,480,196

 
27.95

Options granted 
146,581

 
33.93

Options exercised 
(417,322
)
 
26.79

Balances at December 31, 2011
1,209,455

 
29.08

Options granted
190,886

 
31.97

Options exercised
(271,032
)
 
26.87

Balances at December 31, 2012 (1) (2)
1,129,309

 
$
30.10

__________

13.
Employee Benefit Plans - Continued

(1)
The outstanding options at December 31, 2012 had a weighted average remaining life of 3.3 years.
(2)
We have 634,550 options exercisable at December 31, 2012 with a weighted average exercise price of $30.75, weighted average remaining life of 2.1 years and intrinsic value of $2.6 million. Of these exercisable options, 173,007 had exercise prices higher than the market price of our Common Stock at December 31, 2012.
Schedule of NonQualified Deferred Compensation Liability
The following table sets forth our deferred compensation liability:

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Beginning deferred compensation liability
$
3,149

 
$
4,091

 
$
6,898

Contributions to deferred compensation plans

 
545

 
229

Mark-to-market adjustment to deferred compensation (in general and administrative expenses)
475

 
(119
)
 
246

Distributions from deferred compensation plans
(270
)
 
(1,368
)
 
(3,282
)
Total deferred compensation liability
$
3,354

 
$
3,149

 
$
4,091

Stock Options [Member]
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions
Stock options issued prior to 2005 vest ratably over four years and remain outstanding for 10 years. Stock options issued beginning in 2005 vest ratably over a four-year period and remain outstanding for seven years. The value of all options as of the date of grant is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is amortized over the respective vesting or service period. The fair values of options granted during 2012, 2011 and 2010 were $5.47, $6.47 and $4.96, respectively, per option. The fair values of the options granted were determined at the grant dates using the following assumptions:

 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Risk free interest rate (1) 
1.1
%
 
2.4
%
 
2.6
%
Common stock dividend yield (2) 
5.3
%
 
5.0
%
 
5.9
%
Expected volatility (3) 
33.4
%
 
32.5
%
 
32.2
%
Average expected option life (years) (4)
5.75

 
5.75

 
5.75

__________
(1)
Represents the interest rate as of the grant date on US treasury bonds having the same life as the estimated life of the option grants.
(2)
The dividend yield is calculated utilizing the dividends paid for the previous one-year period and the per share price of Common Stock on the date of grant.
(3)
Based on the historical volatility of Common Stock over a period relevant to the related stock option grant.
(4)
The average expected option life is based on an analysis of our historical data.
Time-Based Restricted Stock [Member]
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock Units Award Activity
The following table sets forth time-based restricted stock activity:

 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2009
316,074

 
$
28.60

Awarded and issued (1)
88,930

 
29.05

Vested (2) 
(138,745
)
 
31.81

Forfeited
(1,933
)
 
25.86

Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2010
264,326

 
27.08

Awarded and issued (1)
76,966

 
33.70

Vested (2) 
(116,631
)
 
30.64

Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2011
224,661

 
28.02

Awarded and issued (1)
90,983

 
32.27

Vested (2) 
(92,239
)
 
27.14

Forfeited
(903
)
 
30.12

Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2012
222,502

 
$
30.31

__________
(1)
The fair value at grant date of time-based restricted stock issued during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $2.9 million, $2.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively.
(2)
The vesting date fair value of time-based restricted stock that vested during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $2.9 million, $3.9 million and $4.3 million, respectively. Vested shares include those shares repurchased for withholding taxes.

Total Return-Based Restricted Stock [Member]
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock Units Award Activity
The following table sets forth total return-based restricted stock activity:

 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2009
202,775

 
$
22.05

Awarded and issued (1)
77,624

 
29.05

Vested (2)
(47,257
)
 
38.50

Forfeited
(1,307
)
 
22.99

Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2010
231,835

 
21.03

Awarded and issued (1)
57,386

 
41.02

Vested (2)
(66,417
)
 
13.79

Forfeited
(99,975
)
 
13.79

Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2011
122,829

 
34.86

Awarded and issued (1)
67,902

 
38.71

Vested (2)
(32,722
)
 
29.47

Forfeited
(32,721
)
 
29.47

Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2012
125,288

 
$
32.87

__________
(1)
The fair value at grant date of total return-based restricted stock issued during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $2.6 million, $2.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively. There were no performance-based restricted stock issued subsequent to 2008.
(2)
The vesting date fair value of total return-based and other types of performance-based restricted stock that vested during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $1.1 million, $2.0 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Vested shares include those shares repurchased for withholding taxes.

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions
During 2012, 2011 and 2010, we issued shares of total return-based restricted stock to officers that will vest from zero to 250% based on (1) our absolute total returns for certain pre-determined three-year periods relative to defined target returns and (2) whether our total return exceeds the average total returns of a selected group of peer companies. The grant date fair value of such shares of total return-based restricted stock was determined to be $38.71, $41.02 and $29.05, respectively, of the market value of a share of Common Stock as of the grant date and is amortized over the respective three-year period. The fair values of the total return-based restricted stock granted were determined at the grant dates using the following assumptions:

 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Risk free interest rate (1) 
0.4
%
 
1.0
%
 
1.3
%
Common stock dividend yield (2) 
5.4
%
 
5.4
%
 
5.6
%
Expected volatility (3) 
43.7
%
 
42.8
%
 
42.5
%
__________
(1)
Represents the interest rate as of the grant date on US treasury bonds having the same life as the estimated life of the total return-based restricted stock grants.
(2)
The dividend yield is calculated utilizing the dividends paid for the previous one-year period and the per share price of Common Stock on the date of grant.
(3)
Based on the historical volatility of Common Stock over a period relevant to the related total return-based restricted stock grant.

Partnership [Member]
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of Stock by Class
The following table sets forth our Preferred Units:
 
Preferred Unit Issuances
 
Issue Date
 
Number of
Units
Outstanding
 
Carrying
Value
 
Liquidation Preference
Per Unit
 
Optional Redemption
Date
 
Annual
Distributions
Payable
Per Unit
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable
 
2/12/1997
 
29

 
$
29,077

 
$
1,000

 
2/12/2027
 
$
86.25

December 31, 2011
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable
 
2/12/1997
 
29

 
$
29,077

 
$
1,000

 
2/12/2027
 
$
86.25

The Company's officers generally receive annual grants of stock options and restricted stock on or about March 1 of each year. Restricted stock grants are also made annually to directors and certain other employees. Except as set forth in the next sentence, dividends received on restricted stock are non-forfeitable and are paid at the same rate and on the same date as on shares of Common Stock. Commencing in 2012 with respect to shares of restricted stock issued to the Company's chief executive officer and subject to any delay in payment that would result in adverse tax consequences under Section 409A of the Code, dividends will accumulate and be payable only if and to the extent the shares vest. Dividends paid on subsequently forfeited shares are expensed. Additional total return-based restricted stock may be issued at the end of the three-year periods if actual performance exceeds certain levels of performance. Such additional shares, if any, would be fully vested when issued. No expense is recorded for additional shares of total return-based restricted stock that may be issued at the end of the three-year period since that possibility is reflected in the grant date fair value. The following table sets forth the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for future issuance:
 
 
December 31,
 
2012
 
2011
Outstanding stock options and warrants
1,144,309

 
1,224,455

Possible future issuance under equity incentive plans
2,047,550

 
2,363,695

 
3,191,859

 
3,588,150

Disclosure of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award
The following table sets forth stock option activity:

 
Options Outstanding
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balances at December 31, 2009
1,467,773

 
$
27.15

Options granted
190,826

 
29.05

Options exercised
(178,403
)
 
22.54

Balances at December 31, 2010
1,480,196

 
27.95

Options granted 
146,581

 
33.93

Options exercised 
(417,322
)
 
26.79

Balances at December 31, 2011
1,209,455

 
29.08

Options granted
190,886

 
31.97

Options exercised
(271,032
)
 
26.87

Balances at December 31, 2012 (1) (2)
1,129,309

 
$
30.10

__________
(1)
The outstanding options at December 31, 2012 had a weighted average remaining life of 3.3 years.
(2)
The Company has 634,550 options exercisable at December 31, 2012 with a weighted average exercise price of $30.75, weighted average remaining life of 2.1 years and intrinsic value of $2.6 million. Of these exercisable options, 173,007 had exercise prices higher than the market price of our Common Stock at December 31, 2012.
Schedule of NonQualified Deferred Compensation Liability
The following table sets forth the Company's deferred compensation liability:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Beginning deferred compensation liability
$
3,149

 
$
4,091

 
$
6,898

Contributions to deferred compensation plans

 
545

 
229

Mark-to-market adjustment to deferred compensation (in general and administrative expenses)
475

 
(119
)
 
246

Distributions from deferred compensation plans
(270
)
 
(1,368
)
 
(3,282
)
Total deferred compensation liability
$
3,354

 
$
3,149

 
$
4,091

Partnership [Member] | Stock Options [Member]
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions
Stock options issued prior to 2005 vest ratably over four years and remain outstanding for 10 years. Stock options issued beginning in 2005 vest ratably over a four-year period and remain outstanding for seven years. The value of all options as of the date of grant is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is amortized over the respective vesting or service period. The fair values of options granted during 2012, 2011 and 2010 were $5.47, $6.47 and $4.96, respectively, per option. The fair values of the options granted were determined at the grant dates using the following assumptions:
 
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Risk free interest rate (1) 
1.1
%
 
2.4
%
 
2.6
%
Common stock dividend yield (2) 
5.3
%
 
5.0
%
 
5.9
%
Expected volatility (3) 
33.4
%
 
32.5
%
 
32.2
%
Average expected option life (years) (4)
5.75

 
5.75

 
5.75

__________
(1)
Represents the interest rate as of the grant date on US treasury bonds having the same life as the estimated life of the option grants.
(2)
The dividend yield is calculated utilizing the dividends paid for the previous one-year period and the per share price of Common Stock on the date of grant.
(3)
Based on the historical volatility of Common Stock over a period relevant to the related stock option grant.
(4)
The average expected option life is based on an analysis of the Company's historical data.
Partnership [Member] | Time-Based Restricted Stock [Member]
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock Units Award Activity
The following table sets forth time-based restricted stock activity:

 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2009
316,074

 
$
28.60

Awarded and issued (1)
88,930

 
29.05

Vested (2) 
(138,745
)
 
31.81

Forfeited
(1,933
)
 
25.86

Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2010
264,326

 
27.08

Awarded and issued (1)
76,966

 
33.70

Vested (2) 
(116,631
)
 
30.64

Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2011
224,661

 
28.02

Awarded and issued (1)
90,983

 
32.27

Vested (2) 
(92,239
)
 
27.14

Forfeited
(903
)
 
30.12

Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2012
222,502

 
$
30.31

__________
(1)
The fair value at grant date of time-based restricted stock issued during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $2.9 million, $2.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively.
(2)
The vesting date fair value of time-based restricted stock that vested during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $2.9 million, $3.9 million and $4.3 million, respectively. Vested shares include those shares repurchased for withholding taxes.
Partnership [Member] | Total Return-Based Restricted Stock [Member]
 
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock Units Award Activity
The following table sets forth total return-based restricted stock activity:

 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2009
202,775

 
$
22.05

Awarded and issued (1)
77,624

 
29.05

Vested (2)
(47,257
)
 
38.50

Forfeited
(1,307
)
 
22.99

Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2010
231,835

 
21.03

Awarded and issued (1)
57,386

 
41.02

Vested (2)
(66,417
)
 
13.79

Forfeited
(99,975
)
 
13.79

Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2011
122,829

 
34.86

Awarded and issued (1)
67,902

 
38.71

Vested (2)
(32,722
)
 
29.47

Forfeited
(32,721
)
 
29.47

Restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2012
125,288

 
$
32.87

__________
(1)
The fair value at grant date of total return-based restricted stock issued during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $2.6 million, $2.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively. There were no performance-based restricted stock issued subsequent to 2008.
(2)
The vesting date fair value of total return-based and other types of performance-based restricted stock that vested during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $1.1 million, $2.0 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Vested shares include those shares repurchased for withholding taxes.

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions
During 2012, 2011 and 2010, we issued shares of total return-based restricted stock to officers that will vest from zero to 250% based on (1) our absolute total returns for certain pre-determined three-year periods relative to defined target returns and (2) whether the Company's total return exceeds the average total returns of a selected group of peer companies. The grant date fair value of such shares of total return-based restricted stock was determined to be $38.71, $41.02 and $29.05, respectively, of the market value of a share of Common Stock as of the grant date and is amortized over the respective three-year period. The fair values of the total return-based restricted stock granted were determined at the grant dates using the following assumptions:

 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Risk free interest rate (1) 
0.4
%
 
1.0
%
 
1.3
%
Common stock dividend yield (2) 
5.4
%
 
5.4
%
 
5.6
%
Expected volatility (3) 
43.7
%
 
42.8
%
 
42.5
%
__________
(1)
Represents the interest rate as of the grant date on US treasury bonds having the same life as the estimated life of the total return-based restricted stock grants.
(2)
The dividend yield is calculated utilizing the dividends paid for the previous one-year period and the per share price of Common Stock on the date of grant.
(3)
Based on the historical volatility of Common Stock over a period relevant to the related total return-based restricted stock grant.