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Organization and Basis of Presentation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
Organization and Basis of Presentation [Abstract]  
Organization and Basis of Presentation
1) Organization and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements present the accounts of Essex Property Trust, Inc. (“Essex” or the “Company”), which include the accounts of the Company and Essex Portfolio, L.P. and subsidiaries (the “Operating Partnership,” which holds the operating assets of the Company), prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q.  In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented have been included and are normal and recurring in nature.  These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's  annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.

All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements.  Certain reclassifications have been made to conform to the current year’s presentation. Such reclassification had no effect on previously reported financial results.

On April 1, 2014, Essex completed the merger with BRE Properties, Inc. (“BRE”).  In connection with the closing of the merger, (1) BRE merged into a wholly owned subsidiary of Essex, and (2) each outstanding share of BRE common stock was converted into (i) 0.2971 shares (the “Stock Consideration”) of Essex common stock, and (ii) $7.18 in cash, (the “Cash Consideration”), plus cash in lieu of fractional shares for total consideration of approximately $4.3 billion.  The Cash Consideration was adjusted as a result of the authorization and declaration of a special distribution to the stockholders of BRE of $5.15 per share of BRE common stock payable to BRE stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 31, 2014 (the “Special Dividend”).  The Special Dividend was payable as a result of the closing of the sale of certain interests in assets of BRE to certain parties, which closed on March 31, 2014.  Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, the amounts payable as a Special Dividend reduced the Cash Consideration of $12.33 payable by Essex in the merger to $7.18 per share of BRE common stock.

Essex issued approximately 23.1 million shares of Essex common stock as Stock Consideration in the merger.  For purchase accounting, the value of the common stock issued by Essex upon the consummation of the merger was determined based on the closing price of BRE’s common stock on the closing date of the merger. As a result of Essex being admitted to the S&P 500 on the same date as the closing of the merger, Essex’s common stock price experienced significantly higher than usual trading volume and the closing price of $174 per share was significantly higher than its volume-weighted average trading price for the days before and after April 1, 2014.  BRE’s common stock did not experience the same proportionate increase in common stock price leading up to April 1, 2014.  As a result, given that a substantial component of the purchase price is an exchange of equity instruments, Essex used the closing price of BRE’s common stock on April 1, 2014 of $61 per share, less the Cash Consideration, as the fair value of the equity consideration.  After deducting the Special Dividend and the Cash Consideration per share, this resulted in a value of $48.67 per share of BRE common stock which is the equivalent of approximately $164 per share of Essex common stock issued.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 include the accounts of the Company and the Operating Partnership.  Essex is the sole general partner in the Operating Partnership, with a 96.7% general partnership interest as of September 30, 2014.  Total OP units outstanding were 2,155,783 and 2,149,802 as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, and the redemption value of the OP units, based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock totaled $385.3 million and $308.5 million, as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

As of September 30, 2014, the Company owned or had ownership interests in 239 apartment communities, aggregating 56,622 units, excluding the Company’s ownership in preferred interest co-investments,  (collectively, the “Communities”, and individually, a “Community”), five commercial buildings and fourteen active developments (collectively, the “Portfolio”).  The Communities are located in Southern California (Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties), Northern California (the San Francisco Bay Area) and the Seattle and Phoenix metropolitan areas.

Cyber-intrusion Expenses
 
In the third quarter of 2014, the Company reported that certain of its computer networks containing personal and proprietary information have been compromised by a cyber-intrusion. Essex has confirmed that evidence exists of exfiltration of data on Company systems. The precise nature of the data has not yet been identified and the Company does not presently have any evidence that data belonging to the Company has been misused.

After detecting unusual activity, the Company took immediate steps to assess and contain the intrusion and secure its systems. The Company has retained independent forensic computer experts to analyze the impacted data systems and is consulting with law enforcement. The investigation into this cyber-intrusion is ongoing, and Essex is working as quickly as possible to identify whether any employee or tenant data may be at risk. When the analysis is complete, the Company will promptly notify any affected parties, as appropriate.
 
The Company has recorded $1.2 million in cyber-intrusion expenses in the third quarter of 2014 and are included in general and administrative expense line item on the condensed  consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

Marketable Securities

The Company reports its available for sale securities at fair value, based on quoted market prices (Level 2 for the unsecured bonds and Level 1 for the common stock and investment funds, as defined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) standard for fair value measurements), and any unrealized gain or loss is recorded as other comprehensive income (loss).  Realized gains and losses, interest and dividend income, and amortization of purchase discounts are included in interest and other income on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, marketable securities consisted primarily of investment-grade unsecured bonds, common stock, investments in mortgage backed securities and investment funds that invest in equities and U.S. treasury or agency securities.  As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company classified its investments in mortgage backed securities, which mature through November 2019 and September 2020, as held to maturity, and accordingly, these securities are stated at their amortized cost.  As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, marketable securities consist of the following ($ in thousands):

  
September 30, 2014
 
  
Cost/
Amortized
Cost
  
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
  
Carrying Value
 
Available for sale:
      
Investment-grade unsecured bonds
 
$
14,396
  
$
(51
)
 
$
14,345
 
Investment funds - US treasuries
  
5,018
   
7
   
5,025
 
Common stock
  
22,523
   
957
   
23,480
 
Held to maturity:
            
Mortgage backed securities
  
65,297
   
-
   
65,297
 
Total
 
$
107,234
  
$
913
  
$
108,147
 
             
  
December 31, 2013
 
  
Cost/
Amortized
Cost
  
Gross
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
  
Carrying Value
 
Available for sale:
            
Investment-grade unsecured bonds
 
$
15,446
  
$
509
  
$
15,955
 
Investment funds - US treasuries
  
3,675
   
3
   
3,678
 
Common stock
  
13,104
   
(1,304
)
  
11,800
 
Held to maturity:
            
Mortgage backed securities
  
58,651
   
-
   
58,651
 
Total
 
$
90,876
  
$
(792
)
 
$
90,084
 

The Company uses the specific identification method to determine the cost basis of a security sold and to reclassify amounts from accumulated other comprehensive income for securities sold.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013,  the proceeds from sales of available for sale securities totaled $6.3 million and $22.8 million, respectively, which resulted in realized gains of $0.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively.
 
Variable Interest Entities

The Company consolidates 19 DownREIT limited partnerships (comprising twelve communities) since the Company is the primary beneficiary of these variable interest entities (“VIEs”).  Total DownREIT units outstanding were 991,983 and 1,007,879 as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 respectively, and the redemption value of the units, based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock totaled $177.3 million and $144.6 million, as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.  The consolidated total assets and liabilities related to these VIEs, net of intercompany eliminations, were approximately $234.7 million and $224.4 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2014 and $194.9 million and $178.3 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2013.  Interest holders in VIEs consolidated by the Company are allocated income equal to the cash distributions made to those interest holders.  The remaining results of operations are allocated to the Company.  As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company did not have any other VIEs of which it was deemed to be the primary beneficiary.

Equity Based Compensation

The Company accounts for equity based compensation using the fair value method of accounting.  The estimated fair value of stock options granted by the Company is being amortized over the vesting period of the stock options.  The estimated grant date fair values of the long term incentive plan units (discussed in Note 13, “Equity Based Compensation Plans,” in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013) are being amortized over the expected service periods.

Stock-based compensation expense for options and restricted stock totaled $0.7 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $2.9 million and $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  The intrinsic value of the stock options exercised during the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 totaled $1.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively, and $4.2 million and $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of September 30, 2014, the intrinsic value of the stock options outstanding and fully vested totaled $15.7 million.  As of September 30, 2014, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation granted under the stock option and restricted stock plans totaled $5.7 million.  The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1 to 5 years for the stock option plans and is expected to be recognized straight-line over a period of 1 to 7 years for the restricted stock awards.

The Company has adopted an incentive program involving the issuance of Series Z-1 Incentive Units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership.  The Operating Partnership also issued 50,500 units under the 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan Award agreements in December 2013.  Pursuant to the 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards, each recipient was initially granted a number of 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan Units (the “2014 LTIP Units”), 90% of which are subject to performance-based vesting, and 10% of which are subject to service-based vesting based on continued employment.  One-third of the performance-based vesting of the 2014 LTIP Units initially granted will be eligible to be earned by recipients based on Essex’s absolute total stockholder return and two-thirds will be eligible to be earned based on Essex’s relative total stockholder return, in each case, during a one-year performance period beginning on the initial grant date of the awards.  All 2014 LTIP Units that are earned vest over a four year period commencing on the grant date.

Stock-based compensation expense for Z-1 Units and 2014 LTIP Units totaled $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. As of September 30, 2014, the intrinsic value of the Z-1 Units and 2014 LTIP Units subject to future vesting totaled $23.5 million.  As of September 30, 2014, total unrecognized compensation cost related to Z-1 Units and 2014 LTIP Units subject to future vesting totaled $6.7 million.  The unamortized cost is expected to be recognized over 6 years subject to the achievement of the stated performance criteria.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management believes that the carrying amounts of outstanding lines of credit, and notes and other receivables approximate fair value as of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, because interest rates, yields and other terms for these instruments are consistent with yields and other terms currently available for similar instruments.  Management has estimated that the fair value of the Company’s $4.3 billion of fixed rate debt, including unsecured bonds, at September 30, 2014 is approximately $4.5 billion and the fair value of the Company’s $539.2 million of variable rate debt, excluding borrowings under the lines of credit, at September 30, 2014 is $520.4 million based on the terms of existing mortgage notes payable, unsecured bonds and variable rate demand notes compared to those available in the marketplace.  Management believes that the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, construction payables, other liabilities and dividends payable approximate fair value as of September 30, 2014 due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.  Marketable securities, except mortgage backed securities that are held to maturity, and derivatives are carried at fair value as of September 30, 2014.
 
At September 30, 2014, the Company’s investments in mortgage backed securities had a carrying value of $65.3 million and the Company estimated the fair value to be approximately $93.7 million.  At December 31, 2013, the Company’s investments in mortgage backed securities had a carrying value of $58.7 million and the Company estimated the fair value to be approximately $86.2 million.  The Company determines the fair value of the mortgage backed securities based on unobservable inputs (level 3 of the fair value hierarchy) considering the assumptions that market participants would make in valuing these securities.  Assumptions such as estimated default rates and discount rates are used to determine expected discounted cash flows to estimate the fair value.

Capitalization of Costs

The Company’s capitalized internal costs related to development and redevelopment projects totaled $2.9 million and $1.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and  $7.6 million and $5.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, most of which relates to development projects. These totals include capitalized salaries of $2.4 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended September, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $6.7 million and $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company capitalizes leasing commissions associated with the lease-up of a development community and amortizes the costs over the life of the leases.  The amounts capitalized for leasing commissions are immaterial for all periods presented.

Co-investments

The Company owns investments in joint ventures (“co-investments”) in which it has significant influence, but its ownership interest does not meet the criteria for consolidation in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  Therefore, the Company accounts for co-investments using the equity method of accounting.  The equity method employs the accrual basis for recognizing the investor’s share of investee income or losses. In addition, distributions received from the investee are treated as a reduction in the investment account, not as income.  The significant accounting policies of the Company’s co-investment entities are consistent with those of the Company in all material respects.

Upon the acquisition of a controlling interest of a co-investment, the co-investment entity is consolidated and a gain or loss is recognized upon the remeasurement of co-investments in the condensed consolidated statement of operations equal to the amount by which the fair value of the co-investment interest the Company previously owned exceeds its carrying value.  A majority of the co-investments, excluding the preferred equity investments, compensate the Company for its asset management services and may provide promote income if certain financial return benchmarks are achieved.  Asset management fees are recognized when earned, and promote fees are recognized when the earnings events have occurred and the amount is determinable and collectible. Any promote fees are reflected in equity income in co-investments.

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net by Component

Essex Property Trust, Inc.
(in thousands):

  
Change in fair
value and amortization
of derivatives
  
Unrealized
gains/(losses) on
available for sale
securities
  
Total
 
Balance at December 31, 2013
 
$
(59,724
)
 
$
(748
)
 
$
(60,472
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification
  
1,428
   
2,479
   
3,907
 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
  
5,997
   
(841
)
  
5,156
 
Net other comprehensive income
  
7,425
   
1,638
   
9,063
 
Balance at September 30, 2014
 
$
(52,298
)
 
$
890
  
$
(51,408
)
 
Essex Portfolio, L.P.
(in thousands):

  
Change in fair
value and amortization
of derivatives
  
Unrealized
gains/(losses) on
available for sale
securities
  
Total
 
Balance at December 31, 2013
 
$
(58,148
)
 
$
(792
)
 
$
(58,940
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification
  
1,487
   
2,591
   
4,078
 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
  
6,245
   
(886
)
  
5,359
 
Net other comprehensive income
  
7,732
   
1,705
   
9,437
 
Balance at September 30, 2014
 
$
(50,416
)
 
$
913
  
$
(49,503
)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss in connection with derivatives are recorded in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.  Realized gains and losses on available for sale securities are included in interest and other income on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements, in accordance with GAAP, requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to acquiring, developing and assessing the carrying values of its real estate portfolio, its investments in and advances to joint ventures and affiliates, its notes receivables and its qualification as a Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”). The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, current market conditions, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may vary from those estimates and those estimates could be different under different assumptions or conditions.

Discontinued Operations

In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU, No. 2014-018, Presentation of Financial Statements, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity. ASU 2014-018 changes the requirements for reporting discontinued operation under Subtopic 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statements—Discontinued Operations.  The amendment updates the definition of discontinued operations and defines discontinued operations to be those disposals of components of an entity that represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results.  This ASU is effective for disposals of components of an entity that occur within annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2014 with early adoption permitted, but only for disposals that have not been reported in financial statements previously issued.

The Company adopted ASU 2014-018 in its first quarter of 2014.  In the first quarter of 2014, Essex sold Vista Capri North, a 106 unit community located in San Diego, California for $14.4 million. The total gain on sale was $7.9 million.

The Company did not sell any properties in the second quarter of 2014.

During the third quarter of 2014, the Company sold Coldwater Canyon, a 39 unit community located in Studio City, CA for $9.5 million. The total gain on sale was $2.2 million. Also during the third quarter, the Company sold Mt. Sutro, a 99 unit community located in San Francisco, CA for $39.5 million. The total gain on sale was $29.2 million.

The Company determined that the disposals through the nine months ended September 30, 2014 were not a discontinued operation in accordance with ASU 2014-018. The gains related to these disposals are recorded in gains on sale of real estate and land in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
 
BRE Merger

The merger with BRE was a two step process. First, 14 of the BRE properties were acquired on March 31, 2014  in exchange for $1.4 billion of OP units.  The preliminary fair value of these properties was substantially all attributable to rental properties which included land, buildings and improvements, and real estate under development and approximately $19 million was attributable to acquired in-place lease value.  Second,  the BRE merger was closed on April 1, 2014 in exchange for the total consideration of approximately $4.3 billion. A summary of the preliminary fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired on April 1, 2014 and adjustments to the provisional valuations during the measurement period was as follows (includes the 14 properties acquired on March 31, 2014 as the OP units issued were retired on April 1, 2014) (in millions):

Cash assumed
 
$
140
 
Rental properties and real estate under development
  
5,618
 
Real estate held for sale, net
  
108
 
Co-investments
  
218
 
Acquired in-place lease value
  
80
 
Other assets
  
16
 
Mortgage notes payable and unsecured debt
  
(1,747
)
Other liabilities
  
(94
)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
  
(5
)
   
4,334
 
     
Cash consideration for BRE merger
 
$
556
 
Equity consideration for BRE merger
  
3,778
 
Total consideration for BRE merger
 
$
4,334
 

During the quarter ended September 30, 2014, the Company recorded an adjustment to increase the preliminary fair value of personal property by $100.9 million with an estimated useful life of 5 years with an offsetting decrease in real property with an estimated useful life of 30 years, all of which are classified within rental properties and real estate under development.   This resulted in additional depreciation expense of $4.2 million and $8.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014.  The changes in estimates were the result of additional accounting information identified by management. The Company believes that the information gathered to date provides a reasonable basis for estimating the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, but the Company is waiting for additional information necessary to finalize those fair values. Thus, the provisional measurements of fair value set forth above are subject to change further. The Company expects to complete the purchase accounting process as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the acquisition date.

The unaudited pro forma financial information set forth below is based on Essex’s historical condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, adjusted to give effect to the merger with BRE including the 14 BRE properties acquired on March 31, 2014, as if they occurred on January 1, 2013. The unaudited pro forma adjustments primarily relate to merger expenses, depreciation expense on acquired buildings and improvements, amortization of acquired intangibles, and estimated interest expense related to assumed debt.
 
Essex Property Trust, Inc.

  
Pro forma (unaudited)
three months ended September 30
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
  
2014
  
2013
 
Total revenue
 
$
270,479
  
$
238,668
 
Net income available to common stockholders (1)
 
$
59,341
  
$
59,361
 
Earnings per share, diluted (1)
 
$
0.91
  
$
0.95
 
         
  
Pro forma (unaudited)
nine months ended September 30
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
   
2014
   
2013
 
Total revenue
 
$
776,761
  
$
699,701
 
Net income available to common stockholders (1) (2)
 
$
214,549
  
$
66,806
 
Earnings per share, diluted (1)
 
$
3.34
  
$
1.07
 

Essex Portfolio, L.P.

  
Pro forma (unaudited)
three months ended September 30
(in thousands, except per unit data)
 
  
2014
  
2013
 
Total revenue
 
$
270,479
  
$
238,668
 
Net income available to common unitholders (1)
 
$
59,341
  
$
59,361
 
Earnings per unit, diluted (1)
 
$
0.91
  
$
0.95
 

  
Pro forma (unaudited)
nine months ended September 30
(in thousands, except per unit data)
 
  
2014
  
2013
 
Total revenue
 
$
776,761
  
$
699,701
 
Net income available to common unitholders (1) (2)
 
$
214,549
  
$
66,690
 
Earnings per unit, diluted (1)
 
$
3.34
  
$
1.07
 

(1)The supplemental unaudited pro forma net income available to common stockholders were adjusted to exclude $3.9 million and $46.4 million of merger related costs incurred by Essex during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014. The 2013 supplemental unaudited pro forma net income available to common stockholders was adjusted to include the above adjustments plus $4.3 million of merger related costs incurred by Essex during the three months ended December 31, 2013. The supplemental 2014 and 2013 unaudited proforma earnings per share, diluted, was adjusted by approximately 23.1 million shares due to the common stock issued in connection with the merger.

(2)The supplemental unaudited pro forma net income available to common stockholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, include approximately $105 million from discontinued operations related to the sale of three BRE properties during the quarter ended March 31, 2014 that are non-recurring transactions.
 
Revenues of approximately $95.2 million and net loss of approximately $6.0 million associated with properties acquired in 2014 in the BRE merger are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three months ended September 30, 2014 for both the Company and Operating Partnership.  Revenues of approximately $186.7 million and net loss of approximately $14.2 million associated with properties acquired in 2014 in the BRE merger are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 for both the Company and Operating Partnership.

Real estate classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2014 were $108 million. The carrying value of real estate held for sale represents fair values determined in the preliminary allocation of the recently completed BRE merger, adjusted for operating activity since April 1, 2014. The fair values were determined based on standard valuation techniques with inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.