10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________to _________

001-13106 (Essex Property Trust, Inc.)

333-44467-01 (Essex Portfolio, L.P.)

(Commission File Number)

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC.

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Maryland	77-0369576
(Essex Property Trust, Inc.)	(Essex Property Trust, Inc.)
California	77-0369575
(Essex Portfolio, L.P.)	(Essex Portfolio, L.P.)
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

1100 Park Place, Suite 200

San Mateo, California 94403

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code)

(650) 655-7800

(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.0001 par value (Essex Property Trust, Inc.)	ESS	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Essex Property Trust, Inc. Yes ☒ No ☐ Essex Portfolio, L.P. Yes ☒ No ☐

i

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Essex Property Trust, Inc. Yes ☒ No ☐ Essex Portfolio, L.P. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Essex Property Trust, Inc.:

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
						Emerging growth company	☐

Essex Portfolio, L.P.:

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐
						Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Essex Property Trust, Inc. ☐ Essex Portfolio, L.P. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Essex Property Trust, Inc. Yes ☐ No ☒ Essex Portfolio, L.P. Yes ☐ No ☒

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 64,209,059 shares of Common Stock ($.0001 par value) of Essex Property Trust, Inc. were outstanding as of April 29, 2024.

ii

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the reports on Form 10-Q for the three month period ended March 31, 2024 of Essex Property Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and Essex Portfolio, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership of which Essex Property Trust, Inc. is the sole general partner.

Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to the "Company," "we," "us" or "our" mean collectively Essex Property Trust, Inc. and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Essex Property Trust, Inc., including Essex Portfolio, L.P., and references to the "Operating Partnership" mean Essex Portfolio, L.P. and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Essex Portfolio, L.P. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to "Essex" mean Essex Property Trust, Inc., not including any of its subsidiaries.

Essex operates as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust ("REIT"), and is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, Essex has exclusive control of the Operating Partnership's day-to-day management.

The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT ("UPREIT") and Essex contributes all net proceeds from its various equity offerings to the Operating Partnership. In return for those contributions, Essex receives a number of Operating Partnership limited partnership units ("OP Units," and the holders of such OP Units, "Unitholders") equal to the number of shares of common stock it has issued in the equity offerings. Contributions of properties to the Company can be structured as tax-deferred transactions through the issuance of OP Units, which is one of the reasons why the Company is structured in the manner outlined above. Based on the terms of the Operating Partnership's partnership agreement, OP Units can be exchanged into Essex common stock on a one-for-one basis. The Company maintains a one-for-one relationship between the OP Units issued to Essex and shares of common stock.

The Company believes that combining the reports on Form 10-Q of Essex and the Operating Partnership into this single report provides the following benefits:

•enhances investors' understanding of Essex and the Operating Partnership by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;

•eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined and readable presentation since a substantial portion of the disclosure applies to both Essex and the Operating Partnership; and

•creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.

Management operates Essex and the Operating Partnership as one business. The management of Essex consists of the same members as the management of the Operating Partnership.

All of the Company's property ownership, development, and related business operations are conducted through the Operating Partnership and Essex has no material assets, other than its investment in the Operating Partnership. Essex's primary function is acting as the general partner of the Operating Partnership. As general partner with control of the Operating Partnership, Essex consolidates the Operating Partnership for financial reporting purposes. Therefore, the assets and liabilities of Essex and the Operating Partnership are the same on their respective financial statements. Essex also issues equity from time to time and guarantees certain debt of the Operating Partnership, as disclosed in this report. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all of the assets of the Company, including the Company's ownership interests in its co-investments. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for the net proceeds from equity offerings by the Company, which are contributed to the capital of the Operating Partnership in exchange for OP Units (on a one-for-one share of common stock per OP Unit basis), the Operating Partnership generates all remaining capital required by the Company's business. These sources of capital include the Operating Partnership's working capital, net cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under its revolving credit facilities, the issuance of secured and unsecured debt and equity securities and proceeds received from disposition of certain properties and co-investments.

iii

The Company believes it is important to understand the few differences between Essex and the Operating Partnership in the context of how Essex and the Operating Partnership operate as a consolidated company. Stockholders' equity, partners' capital and noncontrolling interest are the main areas of difference between the condensed consolidated financial statements of Essex and those of the Operating Partnership. The limited partners of the Operating Partnership are accounted for as partners' capital in the Operating Partnership's condensed consolidated financial statements and as noncontrolling interest in Essex’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership's condensed consolidated financial statements include the interest of unaffiliated partners in various consolidated partnerships and co-investment partners. The noncontrolling interest in Essex's condensed consolidated financial statements include (i) the same noncontrolling interest as presented in the Operating Partnership’s condensed consolidated financial statements and (ii) OP Unitholders. The differences between stockholders' equity and partners' capital result from differences in the equity issued at Essex and Operating Partnership levels.

To help investors understand the significant differences between Essex and the Operating Partnership, this report on Form 10-Q provides separate condensed consolidated financial statements for Essex and the Operating Partnership; a single set of consolidated notes to such financial statements that includes separate discussions of stockholders' equity or partners' capital, and earnings per share/unit, as applicable; and a combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This report on Form 10-Q also includes separate Part I, Item 4. Controls and Procedures sections and separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for each of Essex and the Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that Essex and the Operating Partnership are compliant with Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") and 18 U.S.C. §1350.

In order to highlight the differences between Essex and the Operating Partnership, the separate sections in this report on Form 10-Q for Essex and the Operating Partnership specifically refer to Essex and the Operating Partnership. In the sections that combine disclosure of Essex and the Operating Partnership, this report refers to actions or holdings as being actions or holdings of the Company. Although the Operating Partnership is generally the entity that directly or indirectly enters into contracts and co-investments and holds assets and debt, reference to the Company is appropriate because the Company is one business and the Company operates that business through the Operating Partnership. The separate discussions of Essex and the Operating Partnership in this report should be read in conjunction with each other to understand the results of the Company on a consolidated basis and how management operates the Company.

The information furnished in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of income and comprehensive income, equity, capital, and cash flows of the Company and the Operating Partnership reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the aforementioned condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods and are normal and recurring in nature, except as otherwise noted.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to such unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations herein. Additionally, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

iv

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC.

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		Page No.
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Essex Property Trust, Inc. (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	6
	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Essex Portfolio, L.P. (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	8
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	9
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Capital for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	10
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	12
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	14
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	30
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks	38
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	39
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	40
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	40
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	40
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	41
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	41
Item 5.	Other Information	41
Item 6.	Exhibits	42
Signatures		43

1

Part I – Financial Information

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except parenthetical and share amounts)

ASSETS	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Real estate:
Rental properties:
Land and land improvements	$	3,138,093	$	3,036,912
Buildings and improvements	13,535,431		13,098,311
	16,673,524		16,135,223
Less: accumulated depreciation	(5,803,797)		(5,664,931)
	10,869,727		10,470,292
Real estate under development	24,631		23,724
Co-investments	1,062,575		1,061,733
	11,956,933		11,555,749
Cash and cash equivalents-unrestricted	499,036		391,749
Cash and cash equivalents-restricted	8,834		8,585
Marketable securities, net of allowance for credit losses of zero as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	91,295		87,795
Notes and other receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $0.7 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (includes related party receivables of $5.9 million and $6.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	183,040		174,621
Operating lease right-of-use assets	62,858		63,757
Prepaid expenses and other assets	83,189		79,171
Total assets	$	12,885,185	$	12,361,427
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Unsecured debt, net	$	5,666,604	$	5,318,531
Mortgage notes payable, net	886,388		887,204
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	216,536		176,401
Construction payable	18,280		20,659
Dividends payable	165,208		155,695
Distributions in excess of investments in co-investments	63,806		65,488
Operating lease liabilities	64,097		65,091
Other liabilities	48,321		46,175
Total liabilities	7,129,240		6,735,244
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	32,192		32,205
Equity:
Common stock; $0.0001 par value, 670,000,000 shares authorized; 64,209,059 and 64,203,497 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	6		6
Additional paid-in capital	6,658,882		6,656,720
Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings	(1,152,136)		(1,267,536)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net	41,279		33,556
Total stockholders' equity	5,548,031		5,422,746
Noncontrolling interest	175,722		171,232
Total equity	5,723,753		5,593,978
Total liabilities and equity	$	12,885,185	$	12,361,427

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenues:
Rental and other property	$	424,215	$	409,656
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713		2,765
	426,928		412,421
Expenses:
Property operating, excluding real estate taxes	78,946		73,882
Real estate taxes	46,920		46,530
Corporate-level property management expenses	11,731		11,432
Depreciation and amortization	139,733		136,347
General and administrative	17,171		15,311
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs	68		339
Casualty loss	—		433
	294,569		284,274
Gain on sale of real estate and land	—		59,238
Earnings from operations	132,359		187,385
Interest expense	(55,933)		(51,045)
Total return swap income	796		1,033
Interest and other income	57,275		12,450
Equity income from co-investments	12,366		10,871
Tax (expense) benefit on unconsolidated co-investments	(49)		900
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	138,326		—
Net income	285,140		161,594
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(12,409)		(8,062)
Net income available to common stockholders	$	272,731	$	153,532
Comprehensive income	$	293,135	$	151,300
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(12,681)		(7,712)
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$	280,454	$	143,588
Per share data:
Basic:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	4.25	$	2.38
Weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period	64,205,086		64,458,535
Diluted:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	4.25	$	2.38
Weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period	64,212,006		64,459,689

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Common stock			Additional paid-in capital		Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income, net		Noncontrolling interest		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024	Shares	Amount
Balances at December 31, 2023	64,203	$	6	$	6,656,720	$	(1,267,536)	$	33,556	$	171,232	$	5,593,978
Net income	—	—		—		272,731		—		12,409		285,140
Change in fair value of derivatives and amortization of swap settlements	—	—		—		—		7,723		272		7,995
Issuance of common stock under:
Stock option and restricted stock plans, net	6	—		962		—		—		—		962
Sale of common stock, net	—	—		(8)		—		—		—		(8)
Equity based compensation costs	—	—		1,637		—		—		58		1,695
Changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	—	—		(180)		—		—		193		13
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		(8,412)		(8,412)
Redemptions of noncontrolling interest	—	—		(249)		—		—		(30)		(279)
Common stock dividends ($2.45 per share)	—	—		—		(157,331)		—		—		(157,331)
Balances at March 31, 2024	64,209	$	6	$	6,658,882	$	(1,152,136)	$	41,279	$	175,722	$	5,723,753

4

	Common stock			Additional paid-in capital		Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income, net		Noncontrolling Interest		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Shares	Amount
Balances at December 31, 2022	64,605	$	6	$	6,750,076	$	(1,080,176)	$	46,466	$	178,744	$	5,895,116
Net income	—	—		—		153,532		—		8,062		161,594
Change in fair value of derivatives and amortization of swap settlements	—	—		—		—		(9,944)		(350)		(10,294)
Issuance of common stock under:
Stock option and restricted stock plans, net	2	—		—		—		—		—		—
Sale of common stock, net	—	—		(72)		—		—		—		(72)
Equity based compensation costs	—	—		5,472		—		—		192		5,664
Retirement of common stock, net	(437)	—		(95,657)		—		—		—		(95,657)
Changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	—	—		(2,927)		—		—		(131)		(3,058)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		(7,977)		(7,977)
Redemptions of noncontrolling interest	12	—		291		—		—		(464)		(173)
Common stock dividends ($2.31 per share)	—	—		—		(148,286)		—		—		(148,286)
Balances at March 31, 2023	64,182	$	6	$	6,657,183	$	(1,074,930)	$	36,522	$	178,076	$	5,796,857

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except parenthetical amounts) 

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	285,140	$	161,594
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Straight-lined rents	94		(381)
Depreciation and amortization	139,733		136,347
Amortization of discount and debt financing costs, net	2,341		1,282
Realized and unrealized gains on marketable securities, net	(3,351)		(1,280)
Provision for credit losses	47		18
Earnings from co-investments	(12,366)		(10,871)
Operating distributions from co-investments	9,080		6,784
Accrued interest from notes and other receivables	(3,953)		(2,165)
Casualty loss	—		433
Gain on the sale of real estate and land	—		(59,238)
Equity-based compensation	1,592		1,971
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	(138,326)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses, receivables, operating lease right-of-use assets, and other assets	(1,493)		2,457
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and operating lease liabilities	39,141		39,687
Other liabilities	(2,824)		281
Net cash provided by operating activities	314,855		276,919
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to real estate:
Acquisitions of real estate and acquisition related capital expenditures, net of cash acquired	(355,309)		—
Redevelopment	(11,417)		(21,265)
Development acquisitions of and additions to real estate under development	(1,348)		(3,791)
Capital expenditures on rental properties	(26,388)		(21,084)
Investments in notes receivable	(1,059)		(14,883)
Proceeds from insurance for property losses	301		152
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate	—		99,388
Contributions to co-investments	(2,074)		(7,967)
Changes in refundable deposits	—		9,000
Purchases of marketable securities	(163)		(11,073)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities	14		26,681
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(397,443)		55,158
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from unsecured debt and mortgage notes	349,132		—
Payments on unsecured debt and mortgage notes	(761)		(206)
Proceeds from lines of credit	—		327,524
Repayments of lines of credit	—		(379,141)

6

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Retirement of common stock	—		(95,657)
Additions to deferred charges	(2,692)		(166)
Net costs from issuance of common stock	(8)		(72)
Net proceeds from stock options exercised	962		—
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(7,901)		(7,580)
Redemption of noncontrolling interest	(279)		(173)
Common stock dividends paid	(148,329)		(142,129)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	190,124		(297,600)
Net increase in unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents	107,536		34,477
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	400,334		42,681
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	507,870	$	77,158
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest (net of $0.1 million and $0.3 million capitalized in 2024 and 2023, respectively)	$	58,241	$	52,686
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	1,803	$	1,762
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Transfers between real estate under development and rental properties, net	$	97	$	121
Transfers from real estate under development to co-investments	$	481	$	467
Reclassifications (from) to redeemable noncontrolling interest (to) from additional paid in capital and noncontrolling interest	$	(13)	$	3,058

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.  AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except parenthetical and unit amounts)

ASSETS	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Real estate:
Rental properties:
Land and land improvements	$	3,138,093	$	3,036,912
Buildings and improvements	13,535,431		13,098,311
	16,673,524		16,135,223
Less: accumulated depreciation	(5,803,797)		(5,664,931)
	10,869,727		10,470,292
Real estate under development	24,631		23,724
Co-investments	1,062,575		1,061,733
	11,956,933		11,555,749
Cash and cash equivalents-unrestricted	499,036		391,749
Cash and cash equivalents-restricted	8,834		8,585
Marketable securities, net of allowance for credit losses of zero as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	91,295		87,795
Notes and other receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $0.7 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (includes related party receivables of $5.9 million and $6.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	183,040		174,621
Operating lease right-of-use assets	62,858		63,757
Prepaid expenses and other assets	83,189		79,171
Total assets	$	12,885,185	$	12,361,427
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
Unsecured debt, net	$	5,666,604	$	5,318,531
Mortgage notes payable, net	886,388		887,204
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	216,536		176,401
Construction payable	18,280		20,659
Distributions payable	165,208		155,695
Distributions in excess of investments in co-investments	63,806		65,488
Operating lease liabilities	64,097		65,091
Other liabilities	48,321		46,175
Total liabilities	7,129,240		6,735,244
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	32,192		32,205
Capital:
General Partner:
Common equity (64,209,059 and 64,203,497 units issued and outstanding, respectively)	5,506,752		5,389,190
	5,506,752		5,389,190
Limited Partners:
Common equity (2,258,812 and 2,258,812 units issued and outstanding, respectively)	49,276		44,991
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net	46,641		38,646
Total partners' capital	5,602,669		5,472,827
Noncontrolling interest	121,084		121,151
Total capital	5,723,753		5,593,978
Total liabilities and capital	$	12,885,185	$	12,361,427

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except unit and per unit amounts)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenues:
Rental and other property	$	424,215	$	409,656
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713		2,765
	426,928		412,421
Expenses:
Property operating, excluding real estate taxes	78,946		73,882
Real estate taxes	46,920		46,530
Corporate-level property management expenses	11,731		11,432
Depreciation and amortization	139,733		136,347
General and administrative	17,171		15,311
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs	68		339
Casualty loss	—		433
	294,569		284,274
Gain on sale of real estate and land	—		59,238
Earnings from operations	132,359		187,385
Interest expense	(55,933)		(51,045)
Total return swap income	796		1,033
Interest and other income	57,275		12,450
Equity income from co-investments	12,366		10,871
Tax (expense) benefit on unconsolidated co-investments	(49)		900
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	138,326		—
Net income	285,140		161,594
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(2,810)		(2,658)
Net income available to common unitholders	$	282,330	$	158,936
Comprehensive income	$	293,135	$	151,300
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(2,810)		(2,658)
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$	290,325	$	148,642
Per unit data:
Basic:
Net income available to common unitholders	$	4.25	$	2.38
Weighted average number of common units outstanding during the period	66,463,899		66,724,428
Diluted:
Net income available to common unitholders	$	4.25	$	2.38
Weighted average number of common units outstanding during the period	66,470,819		66,725,582

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Capital for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	General Partner			Limited Partners			Accumulated other comprehensive income, net		Noncontrolling interest		Total
	Common Equity			Common Equity
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024	Units	Amount		Units	Amount
Balances at December 31, 2023	64,203	$	5,389,190	2,259	$	44,991	$	38,646	$	121,151	$	5,593,978
Net income	—	272,731		—	9,599		—		2,810		285,140
Change in fair value of derivatives and amortization of swap settlements	—	—		—	—		7,995		—		7,995
Issuance of common units under:
General partner's stock based compensation, net	6	962		—	—		—		—		962
Sale of common stock by general partner, net	—	(8)		—	—		—		—		(8)
Equity based compensation costs	—	1,637		—	58		—		—		1,695
Changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	—	(180)		—	165		—		28		13
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—	—		—		(2,875)		(2,875)
Redemptions	—	(249)		—	—		—		(30)		(279)
Distributions declared ($2.45 per unit)	—	(157,331)		—	(5,537)		—		—		(162,868)
Balances at March 31, 2024	64,209	$	5,506,752	2,259	$	49,276	$	46,641	$	121,084	$	5,723,753

10

	General Partner			Limited Partners			Accumulated other comprehensive income, net		Noncontrolling interest		Total
	Common Equity			Common Equity
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Units	Amount		Units	Amount
Balances at December 31, 2022	64,605	$	5,669,906	2,272	$	51,454	$	52,010	$	121,746	$	5,895,116
Net income	—	153,532		—	5,404		—		2,658		161,594
Change in fair value of derivatives and amortization of swap settlements	—	—		—	—		(10,294)		—		(10,294)
Issuance of common units under:
General partner's stock based compensation, net	2	—		—	—		—		—		—
Sale of common stock by general partner, net	—	(72)		—	—		—		—		(72)
Equity based compensation costs	—	5,472		—	192		—		—		5,664
Retirement of common units, net	(437)	(95,657)		—	—		—		—		(95,657)
Changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	—	(2,927)		—	(106)		—		(25)		(3,058)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—	—		—		(2,755)		(2,755)
Redemptions	12	291		(11)	(337)		—		(127)		(173)
Distributions declared ($2.31 per unit)	—	(148,286)		—	(5,222)		—		—		(153,508)
Balances at March 31, 2023	64,182	$	5,582,259	2,261	$	51,385	$	41,716	$	121,497	$	5,796,857

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

11

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except parenthetical amounts)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	285,140	$	161,594
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Straight-lined rents	94		(381)
Depreciation and amortization	139,733		136,347
Amortization of discount and debt financing costs, net	2,341		1,282
Realized and unrealized gains on marketable securities, net	(3,351)		(1,280)
Provision for credit losses	47		18
Earnings from co-investments	(12,366)		(10,871)
Operating distributions from co-investments	9,080		6,784
Accrued interest from notes and other receivables	(3,953)		(2,165)
Casualty loss	—		433
Gain on the sale of real estate and land	—		(59,238)
Equity-based compensation	1,592		1,971
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	(138,326)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses, receivables, operating lease right-of-use assets, and other assets	(1,493)		2,457
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and operating lease liabilities	39,141		39,687
Other liabilities	(2,824)		281
Net cash provided by operating activities	314,855		276,919
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to real estate:
Acquisitions of real estate and acquisition related capital expenditures, net of cash acquired	(355,309)		—
Redevelopment	(11,417)		(21,265)
Development acquisitions of and additions to real estate under development	(1,348)		(3,791)
Capital expenditures on rental properties	(26,388)		(21,084)
Investments in notes receivable	(1,059)		(14,883)
Proceeds from insurance for property losses	301		152
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate	—		99,388
Contributions to co-investments	(2,074)		(7,967)
Changes in refundable deposits	—		9,000
Purchases of marketable securities	(163)		(11,073)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities	14		26,681
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(397,443)		55,158
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from unsecured debt and mortgage notes	349,132		—
Payments on unsecured debt and mortgage notes	(761)		(206)
Proceeds from lines of credit	—		327,524
Repayments of lines of credit	—		(379,141)

12

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Retirement of common units	—		(95,657)
Additions to deferred charges	(2,692)		(166)
Net costs from issuance of common units	(8)		(72)
Net proceeds from stock options exercised	962		—
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(2,163)		(2,065)
Redemption of noncontrolling interests	(279)		(173)
Common units distributions paid	(154,067)		(147,644)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	190,124		(297,600)
Net increase in unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents	107,536		34,477
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	400,334		42,681
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	507,870	$	77,158
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest (net of $0.1 million and $0.3 million capitalized in 2024 and 2023, respectively)	$	58,241	$	52,686
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	1,803	$	1,762
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Transfers between real estate under development and rental properties, net	$	97	$	121
Transfers from real estate under development to co-investments	$	481	$	467
Reclassifications (from) to redeemable noncontrolling interest (to) from general and limited partner capital and noncontrolling interest	$	(13)	$	3,058

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

13

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

(1) Organization and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements present the accounts of Essex Property Trust, Inc. ("Essex" or the "Company"), which include the accounts of the Company and Essex Portfolio, L.P. and its subsidiaries (the "Operating Partnership," which holds the operating assets of the Company), prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented have been included and are normal and recurring in nature. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 include the accounts of the Company and the Operating Partnership. Essex is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, with a 96.6% general partnership interest as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Total Operating Partnership limited partnership units ("OP Units," and the holders of such OP Units, "Unitholders") outstanding was 2,258,812 as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and the redemption value of the units, based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock totaled approximately $553.0 million and $560.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company owned or had ownership interests in 253 operating apartment communities, comprising 62,271 apartment homes, excluding the Company’s ownership interest in preferred equity co-investments, loan investments, and three operating commercial buildings. The operating apartment communities are located in Southern California (primarily Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, and Ventura counties), Northern California (the San Francisco Bay Area) and the Seattle metropolitan areas.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-07 "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures." Among other new disclosure requirements, ASU 2023-07 requires companies to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. ASU 2023-07 will be effective for the Company's 2024 annual reporting. ASU 2023-07 must be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-05 "Business Combinations—Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60)" under which an entity that qualifies as a joint venture is required to apply a new basis of accounting upon the formation of the joint venture. The amendments in ASU 2023-05 require that a joint venture must initially measure its assets and liabilities at fair value on the formation date. ASU 2023-05 is effective for all joint ventures that are formed on or after January 1, 2025 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

Revenues and Gains on Sale of Real Estate

Revenues from tenants renting or leasing apartment homes are recorded when due from tenants and are recognized monthly as they are earned which generally approximates a straight-line basis, else, adjustments are made to conform to a straight-line basis. Apartment homes are rented under short-term leases (generally, lease terms of 9 to 12 months). Revenues from tenants leasing commercial space are recorded on a straight-line basis over the life of the respective lease. See Note 3, Revenues, for additional information regarding such revenues.

14

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

The Company also generates other property-related revenue associated with the leasing of apartment homes, including storage income, pet rent, and other miscellaneous revenue. Similar to rental income, such revenues are recorded when due from tenants and recognized monthly as they are earned.

Apart from rental and other property-related revenue, revenues from contracts with customers are recognized as control of the promised services is passed to the customer. For customer contracts related to management and other fees from affiliates (which includes asset management and property management), the transaction price and amount of revenue to be recognized is determined each quarter based on the management fee calculated and earned for that month or quarter. The contract will contain a description of the service and the fee percentage for management services. Payments from such services are one month or one quarter in arrears of the service performed.

The Company recognizes any gains on sales of real estate when it transfers control of a property and when it is probable that the Company will collect substantially all of the related consideration.

Marketable Securities

The Company reports its equity securities at fair value, based on quoted market prices (Level 1 for the common stock and investment funds and Level 2 for the unsecured debt, as defined by the FASB standard for fair value measurements). As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $0.1 million of equity securities presented within common stock, preferred stock, and stock funds in the tables below represent investments measured at fair value, using net asset value as a practical expedient, and are not categorized in the fair value hierarchy.

Any realized and unrealized gains and losses in equity securities and interest income are included in interest and other income on the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, equity securities consisted primarily of investment funds-debt securities, common stock, preferred stock and stock funds. 

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, marketable securities consisted of the following ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)		Carrying Value
Equity securities:
Investment funds - debt securities	$	26,590	$	(1,636)	$	24,954
Common stock, preferred stock, and stock funds	51,341		15,000		66,341
Total - Marketable securities	$	77,931	$	13,364	$	91,295

	December 31, 2023
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain (loss)		Carrying Value
Equity securities:
Investment funds - debt securities	$	26,460	$	(1,584)	$	24,876
Common stock, preferred stock, and stock funds	51,328		11,591		62,919
Total - Marketable securities	$	77,788	$	10,007	$	87,795

15

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

Variable Interest Entities

In accordance with accounting standards for consolidation of variable interest entities ("VIEs"), the Company consolidated the Operating Partnership, 18 DownREIT entities (comprising nine communities), and six co-investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company consolidates these entities because it is the primary beneficiary. The Company has no assets or liabilities other than its investment in the Operating Partnership. The consolidated total assets and liabilities related to the above consolidated co-investments and DownREIT entities, net of intercompany eliminations, were approximately $963.5 million and $326.1 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2024 and $956.7 million and $324.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. Noncontrolling interests in these entities was $121.0 million and $121.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company's financial risk in each VIE is limited to its equity investment in the VIE. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any VIEs of which it was not the primary beneficiary.

Equity-based Compensation

The cost of share- and unit-based compensation awards is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the awards. The estimated fair value of stock options and restricted stock granted by the Company are being amortized over the vesting period. The estimated grant date fair values of the long term incentive plan units (discussed in Note 14, "Equity Based Compensation Plans," in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023) are being amortized over the expected service periods.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management estimates that the carrying amounts of the outstanding balances under its lines of credit, and notes and other receivables approximate fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, because interest rates, yields, and other terms for these instruments are consistent with interest rates, yields, and other terms currently available for similar instruments. Management has estimated that the fair value of the Company’s fixed rate debt with a carrying value of $6.0 billion and $5.7 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, was approximately $5.6 billion and $5.3 billion, respectively. Management has estimated that the fair value of the Company’s $520.0 million of variable rate debt at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was approximately $518.8 million and $519.0 million, respectively, based on the terms of existing mortgage notes payable, unsecured debt, and variable rate demand notes compared to those available in the marketplace. Management estimates that the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, construction payables, other liabilities, and dividends payable approximate fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. Marketable securities are carried at fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Capitalization of Costs

The Company’s capitalized internal costs related to development and redevelopment projects were comprised primarily of interest and employee compensation and totaled $5.3 million and $4.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company capitalizes leasing commissions associated with the lease-up of development communities and amortizes the costs over the life of the leases. The amounts capitalized for leasing commissions are immaterial for all periods presented.

Co-investments

The Company owns investments in joint ventures in which it has significant influence, but its ownership interest does not meet the criteria for consolidation in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Therefore, the Company accounts for co-investments using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the investment is carried at the cost of assets contributed, plus the Company's equity in earnings, less distributions received and the Company's share of losses. The significant accounting policies of the Company’s co-investment entities are consistent with those of the Company in all material respects.

16

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

Upon the acquisition of a controlling interest of a co-investment, the co-investment entity is consolidated and a gain or loss is recognized upon the remeasurement of co-investments in the consolidated statement of income equal to the amount by which the fair value of the Company's previously owned co-investment interest exceeds its carrying value. A majority of the co-investments, excluding most preferred equity investments, compensate the Company for its asset management services and some of these investments may provide promote income if certain financial return benchmarks are achieved. Asset management fees are recognized when earned, and promote fees are recognized when the earnings events have occurred and the amount is determinable and collectible. Any promote fees are reflected in equity income from co-investments.

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net by Component

Essex Property Trust, Inc.

($ in thousands):

	Change in fair value and amortization of swap settlements
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	33,556
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	7,715
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	8
Other comprehensive income	7,723
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	41,279

Essex Portfolio, L.P.

($ in thousands):

	Change in fair value and amortization of swap settlements
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	38,646
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	7,986
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	9
Other comprehensive income	7,995
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	46,641

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income in connection with derivatives are recorded in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. 

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

The carrying value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets was $32.2 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The limited partners may redeem their noncontrolling interests for cash in certain circumstances.

The changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is as follows ($ in thousands):

Balance at December 31, 2023	$	32,205
Reclassification due to change in redemption value and other	(13)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	32,192

17

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Highly liquid investments generally with original maturities of three months or less when purchased are classified as cash equivalents. Restricted cash balances relate primarily to reserve requirements for capital replacement at certain communities in connection with the Company’s mortgage debt.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents - unrestricted	$	499,036	$	391,749	$	67,712	$	33,295
Cash and cash equivalents - restricted	8,834		8,585		9,446		9,386
Total unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents shown in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows	$	507,870	$	400,334	$	77,158	$	42,681

Gain Contingencies

Contingencies, commonly resulting from legal settlements, will periodically arise that may result in a gain. Gain contingencies are typically not recognized in the financial statements until all uncertainties related to the contingency have been resolved. In the case of legal settlements, the Company determines that all uncertainties have been resolved when cash or other consideration has been received by the Company. Gain contingencies resulting from legal settlements of $42.5 million and $7.7 million were recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are included in interest and other income on the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to acquiring, developing and assessing the carrying values of its real estate portfolio, its investments in and advances to joint ventures and affiliates, its notes receivables, and its qualification as a real estate investment trust ("REIT"). The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, current market conditions, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may vary from those estimates and those estimates could be different under different assumptions or conditions.

(2) Significant Transactions During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and Subsequent Events

Significant Transactions

Acquisitions

In March 2024, the Company acquired its joint venture partner, BEXAEW LLC's ("BEXAEW") 49.9% interest in four apartment communities, consisting of 1,480 apartment homes, valued at $505.0 million on a gross basis. Concurrent with the acquisition, the Company repaid $219.9 million of debt encumbering the properties and consolidated the communities. As a result of this acquisition, the Company realized a gain on remeasurement of co-investment of $138.3 million. Additionally, the Company recognized $1.5 million in promote income as a result of the transaction, which is included in equity income from co-investments on the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

18

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

Notes Receivable

In March 2024, the Company committed to fund a $53.6 million related party bridge loan to BEX II, LLC ("BEX II"), a co-investment, in connection with the payoff of a mortgage related to one of BEX II's properties located in Southern California. The note receivable will accrue interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 1.50% and is scheduled to mature in September 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the commitment was yet to be funded and was fully funded subsequent to quarter end, in April 2024. See Note 6, Related Party Transactions, for additional details.

Senior Unsecured Debt

In March 2024, the Operating Partnership issued $350.0 million of senior unsecured notes due on April 1, 2034 with a coupon rate of 5.500% per annum (the "2034 Notes"), which are payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2024. The 2034 Notes were offered to investors at a price of 99.752% of par value. The 2034 Notes are general unsecured senior obligations of the Operating Partnership, rank equally in right of payment with all other senior unsecured indebtedness of the Operating Partnership and are unconditionally guaranteed by Essex.

Subsequent events

Subsequent to quarter end, the Company accepted the third party sponsor’s common equity interest affiliated with its $14.7 million preferred equity investment in a stabilized community comprising 75 apartment homes located in Sunnyvale, CA. Concurrent with the closing, the Company unencumbered the property and consolidated the community on the Company’s financial statements at a $46.6 million valuation. The Company placed the preferred equity investment on non-accrual in the fourth quarter of 2023 and recorded a $3.7 million non-cash impairment related to the investment in the first quarter of 2024.

(3) Revenues

Disaggregated Revenue

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by revenue source ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Rental income	$	417,236	$	404,635
Other property	6,979		5,021
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713		2,765
Total revenues	$	426,928	$	412,421

The following table presents the Company’s rental and other property revenues disaggregated by geographic operating segment ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Southern California	$	176,002	$	166,877
Northern California	168,839		163,728
Seattle Metro	71,913		70,038
Other real estate assets (1)	7,461		9,013
Total rental and other property revenues	$	424,215	$	409,656

19

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

(1) Other real estate assets consist of revenues generated from retail space, commercial properties, held for sale properties, disposition properties and straight-line rent adjustments for concessions. Executive management does not evaluate such operating performance geographically.

The following table presents the Company’s rental and other property revenues disaggregated by current property category status ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Same-property (1)	$	409,819	$	395,520
Acquisitions (2)	1,598		—
Redevelopment	1,541		1,537
Non-residential/other, net (3)	11,320		12,023
Straight line rent concession (4)	(63)		576
Total rental and other property revenues	$	424,215	$	409,656

(1) Same-property includes properties that have comparable stabilized results as of January 1, 2023 and are consolidated by the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. A community is considered to have reached stabilized operations once it achieves an initial occupancy of 90%.

(2) Acquisitions include properties acquired which did not have comparable stabilized results as of January 1, 2023.

(3) Non-residential/other, net consists of revenues generated from retail space, commercial properties, held for sale properties, disposition properties, student housing, properties undergoing significant construction activities that do not

meet our redevelopment criteria, and two communities located in the California counties of Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz, which the Company does not consider its core markets.

(4) Represents straight-line concessions for residential operating communities. Same-property revenues reflect concessions on a cash basis. Total rental and other property revenues reflect concessions on a straight-line basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Deferred Revenues and Remaining Performance Obligations

When cash payments are received or due in advance of the Company’s performance of contracts with customers, deferred revenue is recorded. The total deferred revenue balance related to such contracts was $0.8 million and $1.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and was included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amount of revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 that was included in the December 31, 2023 deferred revenue balance was $0.2 million, which was included in rental and other property revenue within the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in the revenue recognition accounting standard. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $0.8 million of remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize approximately 61% of these remaining performance obligations in 2024, an additional 32% through 2026, and the remaining balance thereafter.

20

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

(4) Co-investments

The Company has joint ventures and preferred equity investments in co-investments which own, operate, and develop apartment communities and are accounted for under the equity method. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had invested in five technology co-investments and the co-investment balance of these investments was $50.5 million, and the aggregate commitment was $86.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had five technology co-investments and the co-investment balance of these investments was $44.2 million and the aggregate commitment was $86.0 million.

The carrying values of the Company's co-investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows ($ in thousands, except parenthetical amounts):

	Weighted Average Company Ownership Percentage (1)		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Ownership interest in:
Wesco I, Wesco III, Wesco IV, Wesco V, and Wesco VI (2)	54	%	$	145,918	$	144,766
BEXAEW (3), BEX II, BEX IV, and 500 Folsom	50	%	213,998		224,119
Other (4)	52	%	86,542		68,493
Total operating and other co-investments, net			446,458		437,378
Total development co-investments	—	%	—		14,605
Total preferred interest co-investments (includes related party investments of $44.8 million and $42.7 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. See Note 6 - Related Party Transactions for further discussion)			552,311		544,262
Total co-investments, net			$	998,769	$	996,245

(1) Weighted average Company ownership percentages are as of March 31, 2024.

(2) As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's investments in Wesco I, Wesco III, and Wesco IV were classified as a liability of $59.6 million and $61.8 million, respectively, due to distributions in excess of the Company's investment.

(3) In March 2024, the Company acquired BEXAEW's 49.9% interest in four apartment communities consisting of 1,480 apartment homes.

(4) As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's investments in Expo and Century Towers were classified as a liability of $4.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively, due to distributions received in excess of the Company's investment. The weighted average Company ownership percentage excludes the Company's investments in non-core technology co-investments which are carried at fair value.

The combined summarized financial information of co-investments is as follows ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Combined balance sheets: (1)
Rental properties and real estate under development	$	4,739,567	$	5,123,164
Other assets	295,557		279,237
Total assets	$	5,035,124	$	5,402,401
Debt	$	3,312,158	$	3,622,609
Other liabilities	312,091		317,208
Equity	1,410,875		1,462,584
Total liabilities and equity	$	5,035,124	$	5,402,401
Company's share of equity	$	998,769	$	996,245

21

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Combined statements of income: (1)
Property revenues	$	106,293	$	100,593
Property operating expenses	(42,314)		(42,078)
Net operating income	63,979		58,515
Interest expense	(40,943)		(32,684)
General and administrative	(7,563)		(2,980)
Depreciation and amortization	(45,793)		(41,388)
Net loss	$	(30,320)	$	(18,537)
Company's share of net income (2)	$	12,366	$	10,871

(1) Includes preferred equity investments held by the Company and excludes investments in technology co-investments.

(2) Includes the Company's share of equity income from joint ventures and preferred equity investments, gain on sales of co-investments, co-investment promote income and income from early redemption of preferred equity investments. Includes related party income of $1.1 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(5) Notes and Other Receivables

Notes and other receivables consist of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 11.50%, due November 2024 (Originated November 2020)	$	38,801	$	37,582
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 9.00%, due October 2025 (Originated October 2021)	52,550		50,146
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 12.00%, due August 2024 (Originated August 2022)	12,116		11,743
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 11.25%, due October 2027 (Originated October 2022)	35,944		34,929
Notes and other receivables from affiliates (1)	5,945		6,111
Straight line rent receivables (2)	9,246		9,353
Other receivables	29,150		25,444
Allowance for credit losses	(712)		(687)
Total notes and other receivables	$	183,040	$	174,621

(1) These amounts consist of short-term loans outstanding and due from various joint ventures as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. See Note 6, Related Party Transactions, for additional details.

(2) These amounts are receivables from lease concessions recorded on a straight-line basis for the Company's operating properties.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for notes receivable, secured ($ in thousands):

	Notes Receivable, Secured
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	687
Provision for credit losses	25
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	712

No loans were placed on nonaccrual status or charged off during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

22

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

(6) Related Party Transactions

The Company charges certain fees relating to its co-investments for asset management, property management, development and redevelopment services. These fees from affiliates totaled $2.8 million and $3.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. All of these fees are net of intercompany amounts eliminated by the Company. The Company netted development and redevelopment fees of approximately $0.1 million and $0.5 million against general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company’s Chairman and founder, Mr. George M. Marcus, is the Chairman of the Marcus & Millichap Company ("MMC"), which is a parent company of a diversified group of real estate service, investment, and development firms. Mr. Marcus is also the Chairman of and owns a controlling interest in Marcus & Millichap, Inc. ("MMI"), a national brokerage firm listed on the New York Stock Exchange. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not pay brokerage commissions related to real estate transactions to MMC and its affiliates.

In March 2024, the Company committed to fund a $53.6 million related party bridge loan to BEX II in connection with the payoff of a mortgage related to one of BEX II's properties located in Southern California. The note receivable will accrue interest at the SOFR plus 1.50% and is scheduled to mature in September 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the commitment was yet to be funded. It was fully funded subsequent to quarter end, in April 2024.

In August 2022, the Company funded an $11.2 million preferred equity investment in an entity whose sponsor includes an affiliate of MMC. The entity owns three multifamily communities located in Azusa, CA. The investment initially accrues interest based on a 9.5% preferred return and is scheduled to mature in August 2027.

In February 2019, the Company funded a $24.5 million preferred equity investment in an entity whose sponsor is an affiliate of MMC, which owns a multifamily development community located in Mountain View, CA. The investment initially accrued interest based on an 11.0% preferred return which was reduced to 9.0% upon completion and lease-up of the project. The investment was scheduled to mature in February 2024, but was paid off in December 2023.

In October 2018, the Company funded an $18.6 million preferred equity investment in an entity whose sponsor is an affiliate of MMC. The entity wholly owns a 268-unit apartment home community development located in Burlingame, CA. The investment initially accrued interest based on a 12.0% preferred return which was reduced to 9.0% upon completion and lease-up of the project. In April 2023, the investment's maturity date was extended from April 2024 to May 2026 with the investment accruing interest based on a 11.0% preferred return. In April 2023, the Company received cash of $11.2 million for the partial redemption of this preferred equity investment.

In May 2018, the Company made a commitment to fund a $26.5 million preferred equity investment in an entity whose sponsors include an affiliate of MMC. The entity wholly owns a 400-unit apartment home community located in Ventura, CA. The investment accrued interest based on a 10.25% initial preferred return. The investment was scheduled to mature in May 2023. In November 2021, the Company received cash of $18.3 million for the partial redemption of this preferred equity investment resulting in a remaining total commitment of $13.0 million, and the maturity was extended to December 2028. As of March 31, 2024, $11.0 million of this commitment has been funded and the Company continues to accrue interest on a 9.0% preferred return. The remaining committed amount is expected to be funded if and when requested by the sponsors.

As described in Note 5, Notes and Other Receivables, the Company has provided short-term loans to affiliates. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $5.9 million and $6.1 million, respectively, of short-term loans remained outstanding due from joint venture affiliates and is classified within notes and other receivables in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

23

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

(7) Debt

Essex does not have indebtedness as debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership. Essex guarantees the Operating Partnership’s unsecured debt including the revolving credit facilities for the full term of the facilities.

Debt consists of the following ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			Weighted Average Maturity In Years as of March 31, 2024
Term loan - variable rate, net	$	298,649		$	298,552		3.6
Bonds public offering - fixed rate, net (1)	5,367,955			5,019,979			7.1
Unsecured debt, net (2)	5,666,604			5,318,531
Lines of credit (3)	—			—
Mortgage notes payable, net (4)	886,388			887,204			7.6
Total debt, net	$	6,552,992		$	6,205,735
Weighted average interest rate on fixed rate unsecured bonds public offering	3.4		%	3.3		%
Weighted average interest rate on variable rate term loan	4.2		%	4.2		%
Weighted average interest rate on lines of credit	6.3		%	6.3		%
Weighted average interest rate on mortgage notes payable	4.3		%	4.3		%

(1) In March 2024, the Operating Partnership issued $350.0 million of senior unsecured notes due on April 1, 2034 with a coupon rate of 5.500% per annum, which are payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2024. The 2034 Notes were offered to investors at a price of 99.752% of par value.

(2) Unsecured debt, net, consists of fixed rate public bond offerings and variable rate term loan which includes unamortized discount, net of premiums, of $6.6 million and $6.1 million and unamortized debt issuance costs of $26.8 million and $25.3 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(3) Lines of credit, related to the Company's two lines of unsecured credit aggregating $1.24 billion as of March 31, 2024, excludes unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.5 million and $3.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. These debt issuance costs are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s $1.2 billion credit facility had an interest rate at the Adjusted Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Adjusted SOFR") plus 0.75%, which is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company’s credit ratings, adjusted for the Company's sustainability metric grid, and a scheduled maturity date of January 2027 with two six-month extensions, exercisable at the Company’s option. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s $35.0 million working capital unsecured line of credit had an interest rate of Adjusted SOFR plus 0.75%, which is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company’s credit ratings, adjusted for the Company's sustainability metric grid, and a scheduled maturity date of July 2024.

(4) Includes total unamortized premium, net of discounts of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, reduced by unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.0 million and $3.1 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

24

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

The aggregate scheduled principal payments of the Company’s outstanding debt, excluding lines of credit, as of March 31, 2024 are as follows ($ in thousands):

2024	$	402,347
2025	633,054
2026	549,405
2027	803,955
2028	518,332
Thereafter	3,681,937
Total	$	6,589,030

(8) Segment Information

The Company's segment disclosures present the measure used by the chief operating decision makers for purposes of assessing each segment's performance. The Company's chief operating decision makers are comprised of several members of its executive management team who use net operating income ("NOI") to assess the performance of the business for the Company's reportable operating segments. NOI represents total property revenues less direct property operating expenses.

The executive management team generally evaluates the Company's operating performance geographically. The Company defines its reportable operating segments as the three geographical regions in which its communities are located: Southern California, Northern California, and Seattle Metro.

Excluded from segment revenues and NOI are management and other fees from affiliates and interest and other income. Non-segment revenues and NOI included in the following schedule also consist of revenues generated from commercial properties and properties that have been sold. Other non-segment assets include items such as real estate under development, co-investments, real estate held for sale, cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, notes and other receivables, and prepaid expenses and other assets.

25

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

The revenues and NOI for each of the reportable operating segments are summarized as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenues:
Southern California	$	176,002	$	166,877
Northern California	168,839		163,728
Seattle Metro	71,913		70,038
Other real estate assets	7,461		9,013
Total property revenues	$	424,215	$	409,656
Net operating income:
Southern California	$	124,333	$	116,942
Northern California	115,679		114,555
Seattle Metro	50,916		49,894
Other real estate assets	7,421		7,853
Total net operating income	298,349		289,244
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713		2,765
Corporate-level property management expenses	(11,731)		(11,432)
Depreciation and amortization	(139,733)		(136,347)
General and administrative	(17,171)		(15,311)
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs	(68)		(339)
Casualty loss	—		(433)
Gain on sale of real estate and land	—		59,238
Interest expense	(55,933)		(51,045)
Total return swap income	796		1,033
Interest and other income	57,275		12,450
Equity income from co-investments	12,366		10,871
Tax (expense) benefit on unconsolidated co-investments	(49)		900
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	138,326		—
Net income	$	285,140	$	161,594

26

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

Total assets for each of the reportable operating segments are summarized as follows as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets:
Southern California	$	4,208,556	$	3,802,648
Northern California	5,192,173		5,242,343
Seattle Metro	1,376,656		1,333,030
Other real estate assets	92,342		92,271
Net reportable operating segment - real estate assets	10,869,727		10,470,292
Real estate under development	24,631		23,724
Co-investments	1,062,575		1,061,733
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash	507,870		400,334
Marketable securities	91,295		87,795
Notes and other receivables	183,040		174,621
Operating lease right-of-use assets	62,858		63,757
Prepaid expenses and other assets	83,189		79,171
Total assets	$	12,885,185	$	12,361,427

(9) Net Income Per Common Share and Net Income Per Common Unit

($ in thousands, except share and unit data):

Essex Property Trust, Inc.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024					Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Income		Weighted- average Common Shares	Per Common Share Amount		Income		Weighted- average Common Shares	Per Common Share Amount
Basic:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	272,731	64,205,086	$	4.25	$	153,532	64,458,535	$	2.38
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock options	—		6,920			—		1,154
Diluted:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	272,731	64,212,006	$	4.25	$	153,532	64,459,689	$	2.38

The table above excludes from the calculations of diluted earnings per share weighted average convertible OP Units of 2,258,812 and 2,265,893, which include vested 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan Units and 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan Units, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, because they were anti-dilutive. The related income allocated to these convertible OP Units aggregated $9.6 million and $5.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

27

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

Stock options of 395,585 and 476,748 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the assumed proceeds per share of such options plus the average unearned compensation were greater than the average market price of the common stock for the periods ended and, therefore, were anti-dilutive.

Essex Portfolio, L.P.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024					Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Income		Weighted- average Common  Units	Per Common Unit Amount		Income		Weighted- average Common  Units	Per Common Unit Amount
Basic:
Net income available to common unitholders	$	282,330	66,463,899	$	4.25	$	158,936	66,724,428	$	2.38
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock options	—		6,920			—		1,154
Diluted:
Net income available to common unitholders	$	282,330	66,470,819	$	4.25	$	158,936	66,725,582	$	2.38

Stock options of 395,585 and 476,748 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per unit because the assumed proceeds per unit of these options plus the average unearned compensation were greater than the average market price of the common unit for the periods ended and, therefore, were anti-dilutive.

(10) Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had an interest rate swap contract with an aggregate notional amount of $300.0 million that effectively fixed the interest rate on the $300.0 million unsecured term loan at 4.2%. This derivative qualifies for hedge accounting.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the swap contracts were presented in the consolidated balance sheets as an asset of $7.8 million and $4.3 million, respectively, and were included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no interest rate caps.

(11) Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to various lawsuits in the normal course of its business operations. Such lawsuits have not had a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. While no assurances can be given, the Company does not believe there is any pending or threatened litigation against the Company that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

28

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2024 and 2023

(Unaudited)

In late 2022 and early 2023, a number of purported class actions were filed against RealPage, Inc., a seller of revenue management software, and various lessors of multifamily housing which utilize this software, including the Company. The complaints allege collusion among defendants to artificially increase rents of multifamily residential real estate above competitive levels. The Company intends to vigorously defend against these lawsuits. Given their early stage, the Company is unable to predict the outcome or estimate the amount of loss, if any, that may result from such matters. The Company is also subject to various other legal and/or regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of its business operations. The Company believes that, with respect to such matters that it is currently a party to, the ultimate disposition of any such matter will not result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. To the extent that such a matter arises or is identified in the future that has other than a remote risk of having a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company will disclose the estimated range of possible outcomes associated with it, and, if an outcome is probable, accrue an appropriate liability for that matter. The Company will consider whether any such matter results in an impairment of value on the affected property and, if so, impairment will be recognized.

29

Item 2: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes thereto included elsewhere herein and with the Company’s 2023 annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Capitalized terms not defined in this section have the meaning ascribed to them elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. The Company makes statements in this section that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. For a complete discussion of forward-looking statements, see the section in this Form 10-Q entitled "Forward-Looking Statements."

Essex is a self-administered and self-managed REIT that acquires, develops, redevelops, and manages apartment communities in selected residential areas located on the West Coast of the United States. Essex owns all of its interests in its real estate investments, directly or indirectly through the Operating Partnership. Essex is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and, as of March 31, 2024, had an approximately 96.6% general partnership interest in the Operating Partnership.

The Company’s investment strategy has two components: constant monitoring of existing markets, and evaluation of new markets to identify areas with the characteristics that underlie rental growth. The Company’s strong financial condition supports its investment strategy by enhancing its ability to quickly shift acquisition, development, redevelopment, and disposition activities to markets that will optimize the performance of the Company's portfolio.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company owned or had ownership interests in 253 operating apartment communities, comprising 62,271 apartment homes, excluding the Company’s ownership interest in preferred equity co-investments, loan investments, and three operating commercial buildings.

The Company’s apartment communities are located in the following major regions:

Southern California (primarily Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, and Ventura counties)

Northern California (the San Francisco Bay Area)

Seattle Metro (the Seattle metropolitan area)

The Company’s consolidated apartment communities are as follows:

	As of March 31, 2024			As of March 31, 2023
	Apartment Homes	%		Apartment Homes	%
Southern California	23,262	44	%	21,913	43	%
Northern California	19,244	36	%	19,245	37	%
Seattle Metro	10,555	20	%	10,341	20	%
Total	53,061	100	%	51,499	100	%

Co-investments, including Wesco I, Wesco III, Wesco IV, Wesco V, Wesco VI, BEX II, BEX IV and 500 Folsom communities, developments under construction, and preferred equity interest co-investment communities are not included in the table presented above for both periods. The communities previously held in the BEXAEW co-investment, which was consolidated in the first quarter of 2024, are excluded from the March 31, 2023 table but included in the March 31, 2024 table.

Market Considerations

The Company is emerging from restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and continues to comply with the stated intent of local, county, state and federal laws, some of which limit rent increases during times of emergency and impair the ability to collect unpaid rent during certain timeframes and in various regions in which our communities are located, impacting the Company and its properties. Concurrently, geopolitical tensions and regional conflicts have increased uncertainty during 2023 and 2024. Inflation has caused an increase in consumer prices, thereby reducing purchasing power and elevating the risks of a recession. Due to increased inflation, the U.S. Federal Reserve raised the federal funds rate a total of seven times during 2022 and four times in 2023. In response, market interest rates have increased significantly during this time.

The long-term impact of these developments will largely depend on future laws that may be enacted, the impact on job growth and the broader economy, and reactions by consumers, companies, governmental entities and capital markets.

30

Primarily as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company's cash delinquencies as a percentage of scheduled rental income for the Company’s stabilized apartment communities or "Same-Property" (stabilized properties consolidated by the Company for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023) have generally remained higher than the pre-pandemic historical average of 0.35% since the second quarter of 2020. Cash delinquencies were elevated at 2.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and has decreased to 1.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Delinquency benefited from Emergency Rental Assistance payments of $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to payments of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024; however, current tenant delinquencies remained well above pre-pandemic levels. The Company continues to work with residents to collect such cash delinquencies. As of March 31, 2024, the delinquencies have not had a material adverse impact on the Company's liquidity position.

The foregoing macroeconomic conditions have not negatively impacted the Company's ability to access traditional funding sources on the same or reasonably similar terms as were available in recent periods prior to the pandemic. The Company is not at material risk of not meeting the covenants in its credit agreements and is able to timely service its debt and other obligations.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

The Company’s average financial occupancy for the Company’s Same-Property portfolio was 96.3% and 96.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Financial occupancy is defined as the percentage resulting from dividing actual rental income by total scheduled rental income. Actual rental income represents contractual rental income pursuant to leases without considering delinquency and concessions. Total scheduled rental income represents the value of all apartment homes, with occupied apartment homes valued at contractual rental rates pursuant to leases and vacant apartment homes valued at estimated market rents. The Company believes that financial occupancy is a meaningful measure of occupancy because it considers the value of each vacant apartment home at its estimated market rate.

Market rates are determined using the recently signed effective rates on new leases at the property and are used as the starting point in the determination of the market rates of vacant apartment homes. The Company may increase or decrease these rates based on a variety of factors, including overall supply and demand for housing, concentration of new apartment deliveries within the same submarket which can cause periodic disruption due to greater rental concessions to increase leasing velocity, and rental affordability. Financial occupancy may not completely reflect short-term trends in physical occupancy and financial occupancy rates, and the Company's calculation of financial occupancy may not be comparable to financial occupancy disclosed by other REITs.

The Company does not take into account delinquency and concessions to calculate actual rent for occupied apartment homes and market rents for vacant apartment homes. The calculation of financial occupancy compares contractual rates for occupied apartment homes to estimated market rents for unoccupied apartment homes, and thus the calculation compares the gross value of all apartment homes excluding delinquency and concessions. For apartment communities that are development properties in lease-up without stabilized occupancy figures, the Company believes the physical occupancy rate is the appropriate performance metric. While an apartment community is in the lease-up phase, the Company’s primary motivation is to stabilize the property, which may entail the use of rent concessions and other incentives, and thus financial occupancy, which is based on contractual income, is not considered the best metric to quantify occupancy.

The regional breakdown of the Company’s Same-Property portfolio for financial occupancy for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Southern California	96.0	%	96.8	%
Northern California	96.2	%	96.7	%
Seattle Metro	97.0	%	96.6	%

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The following table provides a breakdown of revenues amounts, including revenues attributable to the Same-Properties:

	Number of Apartment Homes	Three Months Ended March 31,				Dollar		Percentage
Property Revenues ($ in thousands)		2024		2023		Change		Change
Same-Property Revenues:
Southern California	21,573	$	171,822	$	164,287	$	7,535	4.6	%
Northern California	18,970	166,213		161,195		5,018		3.1	%
Seattle Metro	10,341	71,784		70,038		1,746		2.5	%
Total Same-Property Revenues	50,884	409,819		395,520		14,299		3.6	%
Non-Same Property Revenues		14,396		14,136		260		1.8	%
Total Property Revenues		$	424,215	$	409,656	$	14,559	3.6	%

Same-Property Revenues increased by $14.3 million or 3.6% to $409.8 million in the first quarter of 2024 from $395.5 million in the first quarter of 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of 2.1% in average rental rates from $2,576 in the first quarter of 2023 to $2,631 in the first quarter of 2024 and 0.8% of the increase was attributable to a decrease in delinquencies in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first quarter of 2023.

Non-Same Property Revenues increased by $0.3 million or 1.8% to $14.4 million in the first quarter of 2024 from $14.1 million in the first quarter of 2023. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of Hacienda at Camarillo Oaks in 2023, and the consolidation of four apartment home communities as part of the Company's purchase of its joint venture partner's 49.9% interest in the BEXAEW portfolio in 2024. The increase was partially offset by the sale of CBC and The Sweeps in the first quarter of 2023.

Property operating expenses, excluding real estate taxes increased by $5.0 million or 6.8% to $78.9 million for the first quarter of 2024 compared to $73.9 million for the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to increases of $2.3 million in utilities expenses, $1.2 million in insurance expenses, $0.9 million in personnel costs, and $0.4 million in administrative expenses. Same-Property operating expenses, excluding real estate taxes, increased by $5.7 million or 7.8% to $78.6 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to $72.9 million in the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to increases of $2.2 million in utilities expenses, $2.0 million in insurance and other expenses, $0.8 million in personnel costs, $0.5 million in administrative expenses and $0.2 million in maintenance and repairs expenses.

Real estate taxes increased by $0.4 million or 0.9% to $46.9 million for the first quarter of 2024 compared to $46.5 million for the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to a net increase of approximately 2% in California real estate taxes, partially offset by a slight decrease in real estate taxes in the Seattle metro region. Same-Property real estate taxes increased by $0.3 million or 0.6% to $44.9 million for the first quarter of 2024 compared to $44.6 million for the first quarter of 2023 primarily due to an increase of approximately 2% in California real estate taxes, partially offset by slight decrease in real estate taxes in the Seattle metro region.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $3.4 million or 2.5% to $139.7 million for the first quarter of 2024 compared to $136.3 million for the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to an increase in depreciation expense from the acquisition of Hacienda at Camarillo Oaks in 2023 and due to the consolidation of four apartment home communities as part of the Company's purchase of its joint venture partner's 49.9% interest in the BEXAEW portfolio in 2024. The increase was partially offset by the sale of CBC and The Sweeps in the first quarter of 2023.

Interest expense increased by $4.9 million or 9.6% to $55.9 million for the first quarter of 2024 compared to $51.0 million for the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to borrowing on the $300.0 million unsecured term loan in April 2023, the $298.0 million of 10-year secured loans closed in July 2023, and the issuance in March 2024 of $350.0 million senior unsecured notes due April 2034 which resulted in an increase in interest expense of $8.1 million for the first quarter of 2024. Additionally, there was a $0.2 million decrease in capitalized interest in the first quarter of 2024, due to a decrease in development activity as compared to the same period in 2023. These increases to interest expense were partially offset by various debt that was paid off, matured, or due to regular principal amortization during and after the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to the payoff of the $300.0 million of senior unsecured notes due May 1, 2023, which resulted in a decrease in interest expense of $3.4 million for the first quarter of 2024.

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Interest and other income increased by $44.8 million or 358.4% to $57.3 million for the first quarter of 2024 compared to $12.5 million for the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to increases of $34.8 million in legal settlements and $7.9 million in interest income.

Equity income from co-investments increased by $1.5 million or 13.8% to $12.4 million for the first quarter of 2024 compared to $10.9 million for the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to increases of $6.0 million in equity income from non-core technology co-investments and $1.5 million in co-investment promote income. The increases were offset by a $3.7 million non-cash impairment loss from an unconsolidated preferred equity co-investment, and a decrease of $1.1 million in income from preferred equity investments.

Gain on remeasurement of co-investment of $138.3 million resulted from the Company's acquisition of its joint venture partner's 49.9% co-investment interest in the BEXAEW portfolio comprised of four apartment home communities.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $499.0 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and $91.3 million in marketable securities, all of which were equity securities. The Company believes that cash flows generated by its operations, existing cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities balances and availability under existing lines of credit are sufficient to meet all of its anticipated cash needs during the next twelve months. Additionally, the capital markets continue to be available and the Company is able to generate cash from the disposition of real estate assets to finance additional cash flow needs, including continued development and select acquisitions. In the event that economic disruptions occur, the Company may further utilize other resources such as its cash reserves, lines of credit, or decreased investment in redevelopment activities to supplement operating cash flows. The Company is carefully monitoring and managing its cash position in light of ongoing conditions and levels of operations. The timing, source and amounts of cash flows provided by financing activities and used in investing activities are sensitive to changes in interest rates and other fluctuations in the capital markets environment, which can affect the Company's plans for acquisitions, dispositions, development and redevelopment activities.

As of March 31, 2024, Moody’s Investor Service, and Standard and Poor's credit agencies rated the Company and the Operating Partnership, Baa1/Stable, and BBB+/Stable, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had two unsecured lines of credit aggregating $1.24 billion. As of March 31, 2024, there was no outstanding balance on the Company's $1.2 billion unsecured line of credit. The underlying interest rate is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company's credit ratings, adjusted for the Company's sustainability metric grid, and was at Adjusted SOFR plus 0.75% as of March 31, 2024. This facility is scheduled to mature in January 2027, with two six-month extensions, exercisable at the Company's option. As of March 31, 2024, there was no outstanding balance on the Company's $35.0 million working capital unsecured line of credit. The underlying interest rate on the $35.0 million line is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company's credit ratings, adjusted for the Company's sustainability metric grid, and was at Adjusted SOFR plus 0.75% as of March 31, 2024. This facility is scheduled to mature in July 2024.

In March 2024, the Operating Partnership issued $350.0 million of senior unsecured notes due on April 1, 2034 with a coupon rate of 5.500% per annum (the "2034 Notes"), which are payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2024. The 2034 Notes were offered to investors at a price of 99.752% of par value. The 2034 Notes are general unsecured senior obligations of the Operating Partnership, rank equally in right of payment with all other senior unsecured indebtedness of the Operating Partnership and are unconditionally guaranteed by Essex. The Company intends to use the net proceeds of this offering to repay upcoming debt maturities, including to fund a portion of the repayment of its outstanding 3.875% senior unsecured notes due May 2024 and for other general corporate and working capital purposes, including funding of potential acquisition opportunities.

In September 2021, the Company entered into a new equity distribution agreement pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $900.0 million (the “2021 ATM Program”). In connection with the 2021 ATM Program, the Company may also enter into related forward sale agreements, and may sell shares of its common stock pursuant to these agreements. The use of a forward sale agreement would allow the Company to lock in a share price on the sale of shares of its common stock at the time the agreement is executed, but defer receipt of the proceeds from the sale of shares until a later date should the Company elect to settle such forward sale agreement, in whole or in part, in shares of common stock.

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The 2021 ATM Program replaced the prior equity distribution agreement entered into in September 2018 (the "2018 ATM Program"), which was terminated upon the establishment of the 2021 ATM Program. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company did not sell any shares of its common stock through the 2021 ATM Program. As of March 31, 2024, there are no outstanding forward purchase agreements, and $900.0 million of shares remains available to be sold under the 2021 ATM Program.

In December 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase plan to allow the Company to acquire shares in an aggregate of up to $250.0 million. In February 2019, the Board of Directors approved the replenishment of the stock repurchase plan such that, as of each date, the Company had $250.0 million of purchase authority remaining under the stock repurchase plan. In each of May and December 2020, the Board of Directors approved the replenishment of the stock repurchase plan such that, as of such date, the Company had $250.0 million of purchase authority remaining under the replenished plan. In September 2022, the Company's Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase plan to allow the Company to acquire shares of common stock up to an aggregate value of $500.0 million. The plan supersedes the Company's previous common stock repurchase plan announced in December 2015. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company did not repurchase any shares and as of March 31, 2024, the Company had $302.7 million of purchase authority remaining under its $500.0 million stock repurchase plan.

Essex pays quarterly dividends from cash available for distribution. Until it is distributed, cash available for distribution is invested by the Company primarily in investment grade securities held available for sale or is used by the Company to reduce balances outstanding under its line of credit.

Development and Predevelopment Pipeline

The Company defines development projects as new communities that are being constructed, or are newly constructed and are in a phase of lease-up and have not yet reached stabilized operations. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s development pipeline was comprised of various consolidated predevelopment projects, with total incurred costs of $24.6 million.

The Company defines predevelopment projects as proposed communities in negotiation or in the entitlement process with an expected high likelihood of becoming entitled development projects. The Company may also acquire land for future development purposes or sale.

The Company expects to fund the development and predevelopment communities by using a combination of some or all of the following sources: its working capital, amounts available on its lines of credit, construction loans, net proceeds from public and private equity and debt issuances, and proceeds from the disposition of assets, if any.

Derivative Activity

The Company uses interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, and total return swap contracts to manage certain interest rate risks. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate swaps and total return swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements.

Alternative Capital Sources

The Company utilizes co-investments as an alternative source of capital for acquisitions of both operating and development communities. The Company had an interest in 9,210 apartment homes of operating communities with joint ventures for a total book value of $446.5 million as of March 31, 2024.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has various unconsolidated interests in certain joint ventures. The Company does not believe that these unconsolidated investments have a materially different impact on its liquidity, cash flows, capital resources, credit or market risk than its consolidated operations. See Note 4, Co-investments, in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, for carrying values and combined summarized financial information of these unconsolidated investments.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. The Company defines critical accounting estimates as those that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company. The Company’s critical accounting estimates relate principally to the following key areas: (i) accounting for the acquisition of investments in real estate; and (ii) evaluation of events and changes in circumstances indicating whether the Company’s rental properties may be impaired. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, current market conditions, and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates made by management.

The Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates have not changed materially from the information reported in Note 2, Summary of Critical and Significant Accounting Policies, in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q which are not historical facts may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are statements which are not historical facts, including statements regarding the Company's expectations, estimates, assumptions, hopes, intentions, beliefs and strategies regarding the future. Words such as "expects," "assumes," "anticipates," "may," "will," "intends," "plans," "projects," "believes," "seeks," "future," "estimates," and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements regarding expected operating performance and results, property stabilizations, property acquisition and disposition activity, joint venture and co-investment activity, development and redevelopment activity and other capital expenditures, capital raising and financing activity, revenue and expense growth, financial occupancy, interest rate and other economic expectations.

While the Company's management believes the assumptions underlying its forward-looking statements are reasonable, such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control, which could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The Company cannot assure the future results or outcome of the matters described in these statements; rather, these statements merely reflect the Company’s current expectations of the approximate outcomes of the matters discussed. Factors that might cause the Company’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following: occupancy rates and rental demand may be adversely affected by competition and local economic and market conditions; there may be increased interest rates, inflation, escalated operating costs and possible recessionary impacts; geopolitical tensions and regional conflicts, and the related impacts on macroeconomic conditions, including, among other things, interest rates and inflation; the impact of inflation on consumer prices with associated reduction in purchasing power and increased risk of recession; the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic; whether and for how long the Company’s cash delinquencies will remain elevated as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of existing indebtedness; the Company may be unable to maintain its investment grade credit rating with the rating agencies; the Company may be unsuccessful in the management of its relationships with its co-investment partners; the Company may fail to achieve its business objectives; time required for completion and/or stabilization of development and redevelopment projects; estimates of future income from an acquired property may prove to be inaccurate; future cash flows may be inadequate to meet operating requirements and/or may be insufficient to provide for dividend payments in accordance with REIT requirements; changes in laws or regulations; unexpected difficulties in leasing of future development projects; volatility in financial and securities markets; the Company’s failure to successfully operate acquired properties; unforeseen consequences from cyber-intrusion; government approvals, actions and initiatives, including the need for compliance with environmental requirements; and those further risks, special considerations, and other factors referred to in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and those risk factors and special considerations set forth in the Company's other filings with the SEC which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof, the Company assumes no obligation to update or supplement this information for any reason, and therefore, they may not represent the Company’s estimates and assumptions after the date of this report.

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Funds from Operations Attributable to Common Stockholders and Unitholders

Funds from Operations Attributable to Common Stockholders and Unitholders ("FFO") is a financial measure that is commonly used in the REIT industry. The Company presents FFO and FFO excluding non-core items (referred to as "Core FFO") as supplemental operating performance measures. FFO and Core FFO are not used by the Company as, nor should they be considered to be, alternatives to net income computed under U.S. GAAP as an indicator of the Company’s operating performance or as alternatives to cash from operating activities computed under U.S. GAAP as an indicator of the Company’s ability to fund its cash needs.

FFO and Core FFO are not meant to represent a comprehensive system of financial reporting and do not present, nor do they intend to present, a complete picture of the Company's financial condition and operating performance. The Company believes that net income computed under U.S. GAAP is the primary measure of performance and that FFO and Core FFO are only meaningful when they are used in conjunction with net income. 

The Company considers FFO and Core FFO to be useful financial performance measurements of an equity REIT because, together with net income and cash flows, FFO and Core FFO provide investors with additional bases to evaluate operating performance and ability of a REIT to incur and service debt and to fund acquisitions and other capital expenditures and to pay dividends. By excluding gains or losses related to sales of depreciated operating properties and land, excluding real estate depreciation (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates) and excluding impairment write-downs from operating real estate and unconsolidated co-investments driven by a measurable decrease in the fair value of real estate held by the co-investment, FFO can help investors compare the operating performance of a real estate company between periods or as compared to different companies. By further adjusting for items that are not considered part of the Company’s core business operations, Core FFO allows investors to compare the core operating performance of the Company to its performance in prior reporting periods and to the operating performance of other real estate companies without the effect of items that by their nature are not comparable from period to period and tend to obscure the Company’s actual operating results. The Company believes that its condensed consolidated financial statements, prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, provide the most meaningful picture of its financial condition and its operating performance.

In calculating FFO, the Company follows the definition for this measure published by the National Associate of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("NAREIT"), which is the leading REIT industry association. The Company believes that, under the NAREIT FFO definition, the two most significant adjustments made to net income are (i) the exclusion of historical cost depreciation and (ii) the exclusion of gains and losses from the sale of previously depreciated properties. The Company agrees that these two NAREIT adjustments are useful to investors for the following reasons:

(a)historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with U.S. GAAP assumes, through depreciation charges, that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. NAREIT stated in its White Paper on Funds from Operations "since real estate asset values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors have considered presentations of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves." Consequently, NAREIT’s definition of FFO reflects the fact that real estate, as an asset class, generally appreciates over time and depreciation charges required by U.S. GAAP do not reflect the underlying economic realities.

(b)REITs were created as a legal form of organization in order to encourage public ownership of real estate as an asset class through investment in firms that were in the business of long-term ownership and management of real estate.  The exclusion, in NAREIT’s definition of FFO, of gains and losses from the sales of previously depreciated operating real estate assets allows investors and analysts to readily identify the operating results of the long-term assets that form the core of a REIT’s activity and assists in comparing those operating results between periods.

Management believes that it has consistently applied the NAREIT definition of FFO to all periods presented. However, there is judgment involved and other REITs’ calculation of FFO may vary from the NAREIT definition for this measure, and thus their disclosure of FFO may not be comparable to the Company’s calculation.

The table below is a reconciliation of net income available to common stockholders to FFO and Core FFO for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

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Essex Property Trust, Inc.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Net income available to common stockholders	$	272,731	$	153,532
Adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization	139,733		136,347
Gains not included in FFO	(138,326)		(59,238)
Casualty loss	—		433
Impairment loss from unconsolidated co-investments	3,726		—
Depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated co-investments	18,470		17,609
Noncontrolling interest related to Operating Partnership units	9,599		5,404
Depreciation attributable to third party ownership and other (1)	(389)		(359)
Funds from operations attributable to common stockholders and unitholders	$	305,544	$	253,728
FFO per share-diluted	$	4.60	$	3.80
Non-core items:
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs	$	68	$	339
Tax expense (benefit) on unconsolidated co-investments (2)	49		(900)
Realized and unrealized gains on marketable securities, net	(3,351)		(1,280)
Provision for credit losses	47		18
Equity (income) loss from non-core co-investments (3)	(5,870)		94
Co-investment promote income	(1,531)		—
General and administrative and other, net	2,541		266
Insurance reimbursements, legal settlements, and other, net (4)	(42,814)		(8,504)
Core funds from operations attributable to common stockholders and unitholders	$	254,683	$	243,761
Core FFO per share-diluted	$	3.83	$	3.65
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, diluted (5)	66,470,819		66,725,582

(1) The Company consolidates certain co-investments. The noncontrolling interest's share of net operating income in these investments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $0.9 million.

(2) Represents tax related to net unrealized gains or losses on technology co-investments.

(3) Represents the Company's share of co-investment income or loss from technology co-investments.

(4) Includes legal settlement gains of $42.5 million and $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(5) Assumes conversion of all outstanding limited partnership units in the Operating Partnership into shares of the Company's common stock and excludes DownREIT limited partnership units.

Net Operating Income

Net operating income ("NOI") and Same-Property NOI are considered by management to be important supplemental performance measures to earnings from operations included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income. The presentation of Same-Property NOI assists with the presentation of the Company’s operations prior to the allocation of depreciation and any corporate-level or financing-related costs. NOI reflects the operating performance of a community and allows for an easy comparison of the operating performance of individual communities or groups of communities. In addition, because prospective buyers of real estate have different financing and overhead structures, with varying marginal impacts to overhead by acquiring real estate, NOI is considered by many in the real estate industry to be a useful measure for determining the value of a real estate asset or group of assets. The Company defines Same-Property NOI as Same-Property revenues less Same-Property operating expenses, including property taxes. Please see the reconciliation of earnings from operations to NOI and Same-Property NOI, which in the table below is the NOI for stabilized properties consolidated by the Company for the periods presented ($ in thousands):

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	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Earnings from operations	$	132,359	$	187,385
Adjustments:
Corporate-level property management expenses	11,731		11,432
Depreciation and amortization	139,733		136,347
Management and other fees from affiliates	(2,713)		(2,765)
General and administrative	17,171		15,311
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs	68		339
Casualty Loss	—		433
Gain on sale of real estate and land	—		(59,238)
NOI	298,349		289,244
Less: Non-Same Property NOI	(11,990)		(11,266)
Same-Property NOI	$	286,359	$	277,978

Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks

Interest Rate Hedging Activities

The Company’s objective in using derivatives is to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements or other identified risks. To accomplish this objective, the Company uses interest rate swaps as part of its cash flow hedging strategy. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had one interest rate swap contract to mitigate the risk of changes in the interest-related cash outflows on $300.0 million of the unsecured term loan.

The Company's interest rate swap was designated as cash flow hedge as of March 31, 2024. The following table summarizes the notional amount, carrying value, and estimated fair value of the Company’s cash flow hedge derivative instruments used to hedge interest rates as of March 31, 2024. The notional amount represents the aggregate amount of a particular security that is currently hedged at one time, but does not represent exposure to credit, interest rates or market risks. The table also includes a sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the impact on the Company’s derivative instruments from an increase or decrease in 10-year Treasury bill interest rates by 50 basis points, as of March 31, 2024.

	Notional Amount		Maturity Date Range	Carrying and Estimated Fair Value		Estimated Carrying Value
						+50		-50
($ in thousands)						Basis Points		Basis Points
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps	$	300,000	2026	$	7,784	$	11,103	$	4,430
Total cash flow hedges	$	300,000	2026	$	7,784	$	11,103	$	4,430

Additionally, the Company has entered into total return swap contracts, with an aggregate notional amount of $222.5 million that effectively convert $222.5 million of fixed mortgage notes payable to a floating interest rate based on the SIFMA plus a spread and have a carrying value of zero at March 31, 2024. The Company is exposed to insignificant interest rate risk on these total return swaps as the related mortgages are callable, at par, by the Company, co-terminus with the termination of any related swap. These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting.

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Interest Rate Sensitive Liabilities

The Company is exposed to interest rate changes primarily as a result of its lines of credit and long-term debt used to maintain liquidity and fund capital expenditures and expansion of the Company's real estate investment portfolio and operations. The Company’s interest rate risk management objective is to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower its overall borrowing costs. To achieve its objectives, the Company borrows primarily at fixed rates and may enter into derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps, caps, and treasury locks in order to mitigate its interest rate risk on a related financial instrument. The Company does not enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes.

The Company’s interest rate risk is monitored using a variety of techniques. The table below presents the principal amounts and weighted average interest rates by year of expected maturity to evaluate the expected cash flows.

For the Years Ended	2024			2025		2026		2027		2028		Thereafter		Total			Fair value
($ in thousands, except for interest rates)
Fixed rate debt	$	401,641		632,035		548,291		419,558		517,000		3,548,000		$	6,066,525		$	5,623,747
Average interest rate	4.0		%	3.5	%	3.5	%	3.8	%	2.2	%	3.5	%	3.5		%
Variable rate debt (1)	$	706		1,019		1,114		384,397		1,332		133,937		$	522,505		$	518,780
Average interest rate	4.4		%	4.4	%	4.4	%	4.1	%	4.4	%	4.3	%	4.2		%

(1) $222.5 million of variable rate debt is tax exempt to the note holders.

The table incorporates only those exposures that exist as of March 31, 2024. It does not consider those exposures or positions that could arise after that date. As a result, the Company's ultimate realized gain or loss, with respect to interest rate fluctuations and hedging strategies would depend on the exposures that arise prior to settlement.

Item 4: Controls and Procedures

Essex Property Trust, Inc.

As of March 31, 2024, Essex carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including Essex’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Essex's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, Essex’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of March 31, 2024, Essex's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by Essex in the reports that Essex files or submits under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that such disclosure controls and procedures were also effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that Essex files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to Essex’s management, including Essex’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There were no changes in Essex's internal control over financial reporting, that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Essex’s internal control over financial reporting.

39

Essex Portfolio, L.P.

As of March 31, 2024, the Operating Partnership carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including Essex's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Operating Partnership's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of March 31, 2024, the Operating Partnership's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Operating Partnership in the reports that the Operating Partnership files or submits under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that such disclosure controls and procedures were also effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Operating Partnership files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Operating Partnership’s management, including Essex's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There were no changes in the Operating Partnership's internal control over financial reporting, that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II -- Other Information

Item 1: Legal Proceedings

The information regarding lawsuits, other proceedings and claims, set forth in Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, is incorporated by reference into this Item 1. In addition to such matters referred to in Note 11, the Company is subject to various lawsuits in the normal course of its business operations. While the resolution of any such matter cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company is not currently a party to any legal proceedings nor is any legal proceeding currently threatened against the Company that the Company believes, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A: Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in "Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors" in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which could materially affect the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors disclosed in Item 1A of the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the SEC and available at www.sec.gov. The risks described in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known or that the Company currently deems to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities; Essex Portfolio, L.P.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Operating Partnership issued OP Units in private placements in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, in the amounts and for the consideration set forth below:

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, Essex issued an aggregate of 5,562 shares of its common stock upon the exercise of stock options and the exchange of OP units by limited partners or members into shares of common stock. Furthermore, for each share of common stock issued by Essex in connection with the exercise of stock options and the exchange of OP units, the Operating Partnership issued OP Units to Essex, as required by the partnership agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, 5,562 OP Units were issued to Essex pursuant to this mechanism.

40

Stock Repurchases

In September 2022, the Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase plan to allow the Company to acquire shares of common stock up to an aggregate of $500.0 million. The plan supersedes the Company's previous common stock repurchase plan announced in December 2015. As a result of the new stock repurchase plan, as of March 31, 2024, the Company had $302.7 million of purchase authority remaining under the stock repurchase plan. The Company did not repurchase any of its common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Item 3: Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5: Other Information

Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, one of our officers and one of our directors adopted a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement", as such item is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. On February 8, 2024, Amal Johnson, a director, entered into a trading plan that provides for the potential exercise of stock options and associated sale of up to 25,009 shares of common stock. The plan will expire on February 18, 2025, subject to early termination for certain specified events as set forth in the plan. On March 7, 2024, Anne Morrison, our EVP, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel, entered into a trading plan that provides the potential exercise of stock options and associated sale of up to 13,722 shares of common stock. The plan will expire on March 10, 2025, subject to early termination for certain specified events as set forth in the plan.

41

Item 6: Exhibits

A. Exhibits
4.1	Indenture, dated March 14, 2024, among Essex Portfolio, L.P., Essex Property Trust, Inc., and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee, including the form of 5.500% Senior Notes due 2034 and the guarantee thereof, attached as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 14, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference.
4.2	First Supplemental Indenture, dated March 14, 2024, among Essex Portfolio, L.P., Essex Property Trust, Inc., and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee, including the form of 5.500% Senior Notes due 2034 and the guarantee thereof, attached as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 14, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference.
31.1*	Certification of Angela L. Kleiman, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Barbara Pak, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.3*	Certification of Angela L. Kleiman, Principal Executive Officer of General Partner, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.4*	Certification of Barbara Pak, Principal Financial Officer of General Partner, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Angela L. Kleiman, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
32.2*	Certification of Barbara Pak, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
32.3*	Certification of Angela L. Kleiman, Principal Executive Officer of General Partner, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
32.4*	Certification of Barbara Pak, Principal Financial Officer of General Partner, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed or furnished herewith.

** In accordance with Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K, this Exhibit is not deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section. Such certifications will not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

42

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrants have duly caused this report to be signed on their behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC.

(Registrant)

Date: May 1, 2024

By: /s/ BARBARA PAK

Barbara Pak

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Authorized Officer, Principal Financial Officer)

Date: May 1, 2024

By: /s/ JOHN FARIAS

John Farias

Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.

By Essex Property Trust, Inc., its general partner

(Registrant)

Date: May 1, 2024

By: /s/ BARBARA PAK

Barbara Pak

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Authorized Officer, Principal Financial Officer)

Date: May 1, 2024

By: /s/ JOHN FARIAS

John Farias

Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

43

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC.

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Angela L. Kleiman, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Essex Property Trust, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:May 1, 2024

/s/ Angela L. Kleiman

Angela L. Kleiman
Chief Executive Officer and President
Essex Property Trust, Inc.

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC.

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Barbara Pak, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Essex Property Trust, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:May 1, 2024

/s/ Barbara Pak

Barbara Pak
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Essex Property Trust, Inc.

EX-31.3

Exhibit 31.3

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Angela L. Kleiman, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Essex Portfolio, L.P.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:May 1, 2024

/s/ Angela L. Kleiman

Angela L. Kleiman
Chief Executive Officer and President
Essex Property Trust, Inc., general partner of
Essex Portfolio, L.P.

EX-31.4

Exhibit 31.4

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Barbara Pak, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Essex Portfolio, L.P.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:May 1, 2024

/s/ Barbara Pak

Barbara Pak
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Essex Property Trust, Inc., general partner of
Essex Portfolio, L.P.

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC.

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), I, Angela L. Kleiman, hereby certify, to the best of my knowledge, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024 (the “Form 10-Q”) of Essex Property Trust, Inc. fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Essex Property Trust, Inc.

Date: May 1, 2024	/s/ Angela L. Kleiman
	Angela L. Kleiman
	Chief Executive Officer and President
	Essex Property Trust, Inc.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC.

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), I, Barbara Pak, hereby certify, to the best of my knowledge, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024 (the “Form 10-Q”) of Essex Property Trust, Inc. fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Essex Property Trust, Inc.

Date: May 1, 2024	/s/ Barbara Pak
	Barbara Pak
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	Essex Property Trust, Inc.

EX-32.3

Exhibit 32.3

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), I, Angela L. Kleiman, hereby certify, to the best of my knowledge, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024 (the “Form 10-Q”) of Essex Portfolio, L.P. fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Essex Portfolio, L.P.

Date: May 1, 2024	/s/ Angela L. Kleiman
	Angela L. Kleiman
	Chief Executive Officer and President
	Essex Property Trust, Inc., general partner of
	Essex Portfolio, L.P.

EX-32.4

Exhibit 32.4

ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), I, Barbara Pak, hereby certify, to the best of my knowledge, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024 (the “Form 10-Q”) of Essex Portfolio, L.P. fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Essex Portfolio, L.P.

Date: May 1, 2024	/s/ Barbara Pak
	Barbara Pak
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	Essex Property Trust, Inc., general partner of
	Essex Portfolio, L.P.

XML

Cover Page - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 29, 2024
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-13106
Entity Registrant Name	ESSEX PROPERTY TRUST, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MD
Entity Tax Identification Number	77-0369576
Entity Address, Address Line One	1100 Park Place, Suite 200
Entity Address, City or Town	San Mateo
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94403
City Area Code	650
Local Phone Number	655-7800
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $.0001 par value (Essex Property Trust, Inc.)
Trading Symbol	ESS
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		64,209,059
Entity Central Index Key	0000920522
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity File Number	333-44467-01
Entity Registrant Name	ESSEX PORTFOLIO, L.P.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	CA
Entity Tax Identification Number	77-0369575
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false

XML

EPT - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Rental properties:
Land and land improvements	$ 3,138,093	$ 3,036,912
Buildings and improvements	13,535,431	13,098,311
Total rental properties	16,673,524	16,135,223
Less: accumulated depreciation	(5,803,797)	(5,664,931)
Net real estate	10,869,727	10,470,292
Real estate under development	24,631	23,724
Co-investments	1,062,575	1,061,733
Total real estate	11,956,933	11,555,749
Cash and cash equivalents-unrestricted	499,036	391,749
Cash and cash equivalents-restricted	8,834	8,585
Marketable securities, net of allowance for credit losses of zero as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	91,295	87,795
Notes and other receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $0.7 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (includes related party receivables of $5.9 million and $6.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	183,040	174,621
Operating lease right-of-use assets	62,858	63,757
Prepaid expenses and other assets	83,189	79,171
Total assets	12,885,185	12,361,427
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Unsecured debt, net	5,666,604	5,318,531
Mortgage notes payable, net	886,388	887,204
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	216,536	176,401
Construction payable	18,280	20,659
Dividends payable	165,208	155,695
Distributions in excess of investments in co-investments	63,806	65,488
Operating lease liabilities	64,097	65,091
Other liabilities	48,321	46,175
Total liabilities	7,129,240	6,735,244
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	32,192	32,205
Equity:
Common stock; $0.0001 par value, 670,000,000 shares authorized; 64,209,059 and 64,203,497 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	6	6
Additional paid-in capital	6,658,882	6,656,720
Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings	(1,152,136)	(1,267,536)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net	41,279	33,556
Total stockholders' equity	5,548,031	5,422,746
Noncontrolling interest	175,722	171,232
Total equity	5,723,753	5,593,978
Total liabilities and equity	$ 12,885,185	$ 12,361,427

XML

EPT - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Marketable securities, allowance for credit loss	$ 0	$ 0
Notes and other receivables, allowance for credit loss	$ 712,000	$ 687,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	670,000,000	670,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	64,209,059	64,203,497
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	64,209,059	64,203,497
Related Party
Notes and other receivables, allowance for credit loss	$ 5,900,000	$ 6,100,000

XML

EPT - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenues:
Rental and other property	$ 424,215	$ 409,656
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713	2,765
Revenues	426,928	412,421
Expenses:
Property operating, excluding real estate taxes	78,946	73,882
Real estate taxes	46,920	46,530
Corporate-level property management expenses	11,731	11,432
Depreciation and amortization	139,733	136,347
General and administrative	17,171	15,311
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs	68	339
Casualty loss	0	433
Total expenses	294,569	284,274
Gain on sale of real estate and land	0	59,238
Earnings from operations	132,359	187,385
Interest expense	(55,933)	(51,045)
Total return swap income	796	1,033
Interest and other income	57,275	12,450
Equity income from co-investments	12,366	10,871
Tax (expense) benefit on unconsolidated co-investments	(49)	900
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	138,326	0
Net income	285,140	161,594
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(12,409)	(8,062)
Net income available to common stockholders	272,731	153,532
Comprehensive income	293,135	151,300
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(12,681)	(7,712)
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$ 280,454	$ 143,588
Basic:
Net income available to common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 4.25	$ 2.38
Weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period (in shares)	64,205,086	64,458,535
Diluted:
Net income available to common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 4.25	$ 2.38
Weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period (in shares)	64,212,006	64,459,689

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EPT - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common stock	Additional paid-in capital	Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings	Accumulated other comprehensive income, net	Noncontrolling interest
Balance at period beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		64,605
Balance at period beginning at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 5,895,116	$ 6	$ 6,750,076	$ (1,080,176)	$ 46,466	$ 178,744
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	161,594			153,532		8,062
Change in fair value of derivatives and amortization of swap settlements	(10,294)				(9,944)	(350)
Issuance of common stock under:
Stock option and restricted stock plans, net (in shares)		2
Stock option and restricted stock plans, net	0
Sale of common stock, net	(72)		(72)
Equity based compensation costs	5,664		5,472			192
Retirement of common stock, net (in shares)		(437)
Retirement of common stock, net	(95,657)		(95,657)
Changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	(3,058)		(2,927)			(131)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(7,977)					(7,977)
Redemptions of noncontrolling interest (in shares)		12
Redemptions of noncontrolling interest	(173)		291			(464)
Common stock dividends	(148,286)			(148,286)
Balance at period end (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		64,182
Balance at period end at Mar. 31, 2023	5,796,857	$ 6	6,657,183	(1,074,930)	36,522	178,076
Balance at period beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		64,203
Balance at period beginning at Dec. 31, 2023	5,593,978	$ 6	6,656,720	(1,267,536)	33,556	171,232
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	285,140			272,731		12,409
Change in fair value of derivatives and amortization of swap settlements	7,995				7,723	272
Issuance of common stock under:
Stock option and restricted stock plans, net (in shares)		6
Stock option and restricted stock plans, net	962		962
Sale of common stock, net	(8)		(8)
Equity based compensation costs	1,695		1,637			58
Changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	13		(180)			193
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(8,412)					(8,412)
Redemptions of noncontrolling interest	(279)		(249)			(30)
Common stock dividends	(157,331)			(157,331)
Balance at period end (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		64,209
Balance at period end at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 5,723,753	$ 6	$ 6,658,882	$ (1,152,136)	$ 41,279	$ 175,722

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EPT - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Common stock dividends (in dollars per share)	$ 2.45	$ 2.31

XML

EPT - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 285,140	$ 161,594
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Straight-lined rents	94	(381)
Depreciation and amortization	139,733	136,347
Amortization of discount and debt financing costs, net	2,341	1,282
Realized and unrealized gains on marketable securities, net	(3,351)	(1,280)
Provision for credit losses	47	18
Earnings from co-investments	(12,366)	(10,871)
Operating distributions from co-investments	9,080	6,784
Accrued interest from notes and other receivables	(3,953)	(2,165)
Casualty loss	0	433
Gain on the sale of real estate and land	0	(59,238)
Equity-based compensation	1,592	1,971
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	(138,326)	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses, receivables, operating lease right-of-use assets, and other assets	(1,493)	2,457
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and operating lease liabilities	39,141	39,687
Other liabilities	(2,824)	281
Net cash provided by operating activities	314,855	276,919
Additions to real estate:
Acquisitions of real estate and acquisition related capital expenditures, net of cash acquired	(355,309)	0
Redevelopment	(11,417)	(21,265)
Development acquisitions of and additions to real estate under development	(1,348)	(3,791)
Capital expenditures on rental properties	(26,388)	(21,084)
Investments in notes receivable	(1,059)	(14,883)
Proceeds from insurance for property losses	301	152
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate	0	99,388
Contributions to co-investments	(2,074)	(7,967)
Changes in refundable deposits	0	9,000
Purchases of marketable securities	(163)	(11,073)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities	14	26,681
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(397,443)	55,158
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from unsecured debt and mortgage notes	349,132	0
Payments on unsecured debt and mortgage notes	(761)	(206)
Proceeds from lines of credit	0	327,524
Repayments of lines of credit	0	(379,141)
Retirement of common stock	0	(95,657)
Additions to deferred charges	(2,692)	(166)
Net costs from issuance of common stock	(8)	(72)
Net proceeds from stock options exercised	962	0
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(7,901)	(7,580)
Redemption of noncontrolling interest	(279)	(173)
Common stock dividends paid	(148,329)	(142,129)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	190,124	(297,600)
Net increase in unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents	107,536	34,477
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	400,334	42,681
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	507,870	77,158
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest (net of $0.1 million and $0.3 million capitalized in 2024 and 2023, respectively)	58,241	52,686
Operating cash flows from operating leases	1,803	1,762
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Transfers between real estate under development and rental properties, net	97	121
Transfers from real estate under development to co-investments	481	467
Reclassifications (from) to redeemable noncontrolling interest (to) from additional paid in capital and noncontrolling interest	$ (13)	$ 3,058

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EPT - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Interest capitalized	$ 0.1	$ 0.3

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EPLP - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Rental properties:
Land and land improvements	$ 3,138,093	$ 3,036,912
Buildings and improvements	13,535,431	13,098,311
Total rental properties	16,673,524	16,135,223
Less: accumulated depreciation	(5,803,797)	(5,664,931)
Net real estate	10,869,727	10,470,292
Real estate under development	24,631	23,724
Co-investments	1,062,575	1,061,733
Total real estate	11,956,933	11,555,749
Cash and cash equivalents-unrestricted	499,036	391,749
Cash and cash equivalents-restricted	8,834	8,585
Marketable securities, net of allowance for credit losses of zero as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	91,295	87,795
Notes and other receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $0.7 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (includes related party receivables of $5.9 million and $6.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	183,040	174,621
Operating lease right-of-use assets	62,858	63,757
Prepaid expenses and other assets	83,189	79,171
Total assets	12,885,185	12,361,427
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
Unsecured debt, net	5,666,604	5,318,531
Mortgage notes payable, net	886,388	887,204
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	216,536	176,401
Construction payable	18,280	20,659
Distributions payable	165,208	155,695
Distributions in excess of investments in co-investments	63,806	65,488
Operating lease liabilities	64,097	65,091
Other liabilities	48,321	46,175
Total liabilities	7,129,240	6,735,244
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	32,192	32,205
Limited Partners:
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net	41,279	33,556
Noncontrolling interest	175,722	171,232
Total liabilities and equity	12,885,185	12,361,427
Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Rental properties:
Land and land improvements	3,138,093	3,036,912
Buildings and improvements	13,535,431	13,098,311
Total rental properties	16,673,524	16,135,223
Less: accumulated depreciation	(5,803,797)	(5,664,931)
Net real estate	10,869,727	10,470,292
Real estate under development	24,631	23,724
Co-investments	1,062,575	1,061,733
Total real estate	11,956,933	11,555,749
Cash and cash equivalents-unrestricted	499,036	391,749
Cash and cash equivalents-restricted	8,834	8,585
Marketable securities, net of allowance for credit losses of zero as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	91,295	87,795
Notes and other receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $0.7 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (includes related party receivables of $5.9 million and $6.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	183,040	174,621
Operating lease right-of-use assets	62,858	63,757
Prepaid expenses and other assets	83,189	79,171
Total assets	12,885,185	12,361,427
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
Unsecured debt, net	5,666,604	5,318,531
Mortgage notes payable, net	886,388	887,204
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	216,536	176,401
Construction payable	18,280	20,659
Distributions payable	165,208	155,695
Distributions in excess of investments in co-investments	63,806	65,488
Operating lease liabilities	64,097	65,091
Other liabilities	48,321	46,175
Total liabilities	7,129,240	6,735,244
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	32,192	32,205
Limited Partners:
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net	46,641	38,646
Total partners' capital	5,602,669	5,472,827
Noncontrolling interest	121,084	121,151
Total capital	5,723,753	5,593,978
Total liabilities and equity	12,885,185	12,361,427
Essex Portfolio, L.P. | General Partner
General Partner:
Common equity (64,209,059 and 64,203,497 units issued and outstanding, respectively)	5,506,752	5,389,190
Essex Portfolio, L.P. | Limited Partners
Limited Partners:
Common equity (2,258,812 and 2,258,812 units issued and outstanding, respectively)	49,276	44,991
Essex Portfolio, L.P. | Common Equity | General Partner
General Partner:
Common equity (64,209,059 and 64,203,497 units issued and outstanding, respectively)	5,506,752	5,389,190
Limited Partners:
Total capital	5,506,752	5,389,190
Essex Portfolio, L.P. | Common Equity | Limited Partners
Limited Partners:
Total capital	$ 49,276	$ 44,991

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EPLP - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Marketable securities, allowance for credit loss	$ 0	$ 0
Notes and other receivables, allowance for credit loss	$ 712,000	$ 687,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	64,209,059	64,203,497
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	64,209,059	64,203,497
Related Party
Notes and other receivables, allowance for credit loss	$ 5,900,000	$ 6,100,000
Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Marketable securities, allowance for credit loss	0	0
Notes and other receivables, allowance for credit loss	$ 700,000	$ 700,000
Essex Portfolio, L.P. | General Partner
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	64,209,059	64,203,497
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	64,209,059	64,203,497
Essex Portfolio, L.P. | Limited Partners
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	2,258,812	2,258,812
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	2,258,812	2,258,812
Essex Portfolio, L.P. | Related Party
Notes and other receivables, allowance for credit loss	$ 5,900,000	$ 6,100,000

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EPLP - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenues:
Rental and other property	$ 424,215	$ 409,656
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713	2,765
Revenues	426,928	412,421
Expenses:
Property operating, excluding real estate taxes	78,946	73,882
Real estate taxes	46,920	46,530
Corporate-level property management expenses	11,731	11,432
Depreciation and amortization	139,733	136,347
General and administrative	17,171	15,311
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs	68	339
Casualty loss	0	433
Total expenses	294,569	284,274
Gain on sale of real estate and land	0	59,238
Earnings from operations	132,359	187,385
Interest expense	(55,933)	(51,045)
Total return swap income	796	1,033
Interest and other income	57,275	12,450
Equity income from co-investments	12,366	10,871
Tax (expense) benefit on unconsolidated co-investments	(49)	900
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	138,326	0
Net income	285,140	161,594
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(12,409)	(8,062)
Net income available to common stockholders	272,731	153,532
Comprehensive income	293,135	151,300
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(12,681)	(7,712)
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$ 280,454	$ 143,588
Basic:
Net income available to common unitholders (in dollars per share)	$ 4.25	$ 2.38
Weighted average number of common units outstanding during the period (in shares)	64,205,086	64,458,535
Diluted:
Net income available to common unitholders (in dollars per share)	$ 4.25	$ 2.38
Weighted average number of common units outstanding during the period (in shares)	64,212,006	64,459,689
Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Revenues:
Rental and other property	$ 424,215	$ 409,656
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713	2,765
Revenues	426,928	412,421
Expenses:
Property operating, excluding real estate taxes	78,946	73,882
Real estate taxes	46,920	46,530
Corporate-level property management expenses	11,731	11,432
Depreciation and amortization	139,733	136,347
General and administrative	17,171	15,311
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs	68	339
Casualty loss	0	433
Total expenses	294,569	284,274
Gain on sale of real estate and land	0	59,238
Earnings from operations	132,359	187,385
Interest expense	(55,933)	(51,045)
Total return swap income	796	1,033
Interest and other income	57,275	12,450
Equity income from co-investments	12,366	10,871
Tax (expense) benefit on unconsolidated co-investments	(49)	900
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	138,326	0
Net income	285,140	161,594
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(2,810)	(2,658)
Net income available to common stockholders	282,330	158,936
Comprehensive income	293,135	151,300
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(2,810)	(2,658)
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$ 290,325	$ 148,642
Basic:
Net income available to common unitholders (in dollars per share)	$ 4.25	$ 2.38
Weighted average number of common units outstanding during the period (in shares)	66,463,899	66,724,428
Diluted:
Net income available to common unitholders (in dollars per share)	$ 4.25	$ 2.38
Weighted average number of common units outstanding during the period (in shares)	66,470,819	66,725,582

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EPLP - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Capital for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Net income	$ 285,140	$ 161,594
Change in fair value of derivatives and amortization of swap settlements	7,995	(10,294)
Issuance of common units under:
Sale of common stock by general partner, net	(8)	(72)
Retirement of common units, net		(95,657)
Changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	13	(3,058)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(8,412)	(7,977)
Redemptions	(279)	(173)
Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Balance at period beginning	5,593,978	5,895,116
Net income	285,140	161,594
Change in fair value of derivatives and amortization of swap settlements	7,995	(10,294)
Issuance of common units under:
General partner's stock based compensation, net	962	0
Sale of common stock by general partner, net	(8)	(72)
Equity based compensation costs	1,695	5,664
Retirement of common units, net		(95,657)
Changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	13	(3,058)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(2,875)	(2,755)
Redemptions	(279)	(173)
Distributions declared	(162,868)	(153,508)
Balance at period end	$ 5,723,753	$ 5,796,857
Essex Portfolio, L.P. | Common Equity | General Partner
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Balance at period beginning (in shares)	64,203	64,605
Balance at period beginning	$ 5,389,190	$ 5,669,906
Net income	$ 272,731	$ 153,532
Issuance of common units under:
General partner's stock based compensation, net (in shares)	6	2
General partner's stock based compensation, net	$ 962
Sale of common stock by general partner, net	(8)	$ (72)
Equity based compensation costs	1,637	$ 5,472
Retirement of common units, net (in shares)		(437)
Retirement of common units, net		$ (95,657)
Changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	(180)	$ (2,927)
Redemptions (in shares)		12
Redemptions	(249)	$ 291
Distributions declared	$ (157,331)	$ (148,286)
Balance at period end (in shares)	64,209	64,182
Balance at period end	$ 5,506,752	$ 5,582,259
Essex Portfolio, L.P. | Common Equity | Limited Partners
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Balance at period beginning (in shares)	2,259	2,272
Balance at period beginning	$ 44,991	$ 51,454
Net income	9,599	5,404
Issuance of common units under:
Equity based compensation costs	58	192
Changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	165	$ (106)
Redemptions (in shares)		(11)
Redemptions		$ (337)
Distributions declared	$ (5,537)	$ (5,222)
Balance at period end (in shares)	2,259	2,261
Balance at period end	$ 49,276	$ 51,385
Essex Portfolio, L.P. | Accumulated other comprehensive income, net
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Balance at period beginning	38,646	52,010
Change in fair value of derivatives and amortization of swap settlements	7,995	(10,294)
Issuance of common units under:
Balance at period end	46,641	41,716
Essex Portfolio, L.P. | Noncontrolling interest
Increase (Decrease) in Partners' Capital [Roll Forward]
Balance at period beginning	121,151	121,746
Net income	2,810	2,658
Issuance of common units under:
Changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	28	(25)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(2,875)	(2,755)
Redemptions	(30)	(127)
Balance at period end	$ 121,084	$ 121,497

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EPLP - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Capital for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Distribution declared (in dollars per share)	$ 2.45	$ 2.31

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EPLP - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 285,140	$ 161,594
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Straight-lined rents	94	(381)
Depreciation and amortization	139,733	136,347
Amortization of discount and debt financing costs, net	2,341	1,282
Realized and unrealized gains on marketable securities, net	(3,351)	(1,280)
Provision for credit losses	47	18
Earnings from co-investments	(12,366)	(10,871)
Operating distributions from co-investments	9,080	6,784
Accrued interest from notes and other receivables	(3,953)	(2,165)
Casualty loss	0	433
Gain on the sale of real estate and land	0	(59,238)
Equity-based compensation	1,592	1,971
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	(138,326)	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses, receivables, operating lease right-of-use assets, and other assets	(1,493)	2,457
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and operating lease liabilities	39,141	39,687
Other liabilities	(2,824)	281
Net cash provided by operating activities	314,855	276,919
Additions to real estate:
Acquisitions of real estate and acquisition related capital expenditures, net of cash acquired	(355,309)	0
Redevelopment	(11,417)	(21,265)
Development acquisitions of and additions to real estate under development	(1,348)	(3,791)
Capital expenditures on rental properties	(26,388)	(21,084)
Investments in notes receivable	(1,059)	(14,883)
Proceeds from insurance for property losses	301	152
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate	0	99,388
Contributions to co-investments	(2,074)	(7,967)
Changes in refundable deposits	0	9,000
Purchases of marketable securities	(163)	(11,073)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities	14	26,681
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(397,443)	55,158
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from unsecured debt and mortgage notes	349,132	0
Payments on unsecured debt and mortgage notes	(761)	(206)
Proceeds from lines of credit	0	327,524
Repayments of lines of credit	0	(379,141)
Retirement of common stock	0	(95,657)
Additions to deferred charges	(2,692)	(166)
Net costs from issuance of common units	(8)	(72)
Net proceeds from stock options exercised	962	0
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(7,901)	(7,580)
Redemption of noncontrolling interests	(279)	(173)
Common units distributions paid	(148,329)	(142,129)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	190,124	(297,600)
Net increase in unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents	107,536	34,477
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	400,334	42,681
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	507,870	77,158
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest (net of $0.1 million and $0.3 million capitalized in 2024 and 2023, respectively)	58,241	52,686
Operating cash flows from operating leases	1,803	1,762
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Transfers between real estate under development and rental properties, net	97	121
Transfers from real estate under development to co-investments	481	467
Reclassifications (from) to redeemable noncontrolling interest (to) from general and limited partner capital and noncontrolling interest	(13)	3,058
Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	285,140	161,594
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Straight-lined rents	94	(381)
Depreciation and amortization	139,733	136,347
Amortization of discount and debt financing costs, net	2,341	1,282
Realized and unrealized gains on marketable securities, net	(3,351)	(1,280)
Provision for credit losses	47	18
Earnings from co-investments	(12,366)	(10,871)
Operating distributions from co-investments	9,080	6,784
Accrued interest from notes and other receivables	(3,953)	(2,165)
Casualty loss	0	433
Gain on the sale of real estate and land	0	(59,238)
Equity-based compensation	1,592	1,971
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	(138,326)	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses, receivables, operating lease right-of-use assets, and other assets	(1,493)	2,457
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and operating lease liabilities	39,141	39,687
Other liabilities	(2,824)	281
Net cash provided by operating activities	314,855	276,919
Additions to real estate:
Acquisitions of real estate and acquisition related capital expenditures, net of cash acquired	(355,309)	0
Redevelopment	(11,417)	(21,265)
Development acquisitions of and additions to real estate under development	(1,348)	(3,791)
Capital expenditures on rental properties	(26,388)	(21,084)
Investments in notes receivable	(1,059)	(14,883)
Proceeds from insurance for property losses	301	152
Proceeds from dispositions of real estate	0	99,388
Contributions to co-investments	(2,074)	(7,967)
Changes in refundable deposits	0	9,000
Purchases of marketable securities	(163)	(11,073)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities	14	26,681
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(397,443)	55,158
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from unsecured debt and mortgage notes	349,132	0
Payments on unsecured debt and mortgage notes	(761)	(206)
Proceeds from lines of credit	0	327,524
Repayments of lines of credit	0	(379,141)
Retirement of common stock	0	(95,657)
Additions to deferred charges	(2,692)	(166)
Net costs from issuance of common units	(8)	(72)
Net proceeds from stock options exercised	962	0
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(2,163)	(2,065)
Redemption of noncontrolling interests	(279)	(173)
Common units distributions paid	(154,067)	(147,644)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	190,124	(297,600)
Net increase in unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents	107,536	34,477
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	400,334	42,681
Unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	507,870	77,158
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest (net of $0.1 million and $0.3 million capitalized in 2024 and 2023, respectively)	58,241	52,686
Operating cash flows from operating leases	1,803	1,762
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Transfers between real estate under development and rental properties, net	97	121
Transfers from real estate under development to co-investments	481	467
Reclassifications (from) to redeemable noncontrolling interest (to) from general and limited partner capital and noncontrolling interest	$ (13)	$ 3,058

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EPLP - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Interest capitalized	$ 0.1	$ 0.3
Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Interest capitalized	$ 0.1	$ 0.3

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Organization and Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Basis of Presentation

Organization and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements present the accounts of Essex Property Trust, Inc. ("Essex" or the "Company"), which include the accounts of the Company and Essex Portfolio, L.P. and its subsidiaries (the "Operating Partnership," which holds the operating assets of the Company), prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented have been included and are normal and recurring in nature. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 include the accounts of the Company and the Operating Partnership. Essex is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, with a 96.6% general partnership interest as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Total Operating Partnership limited partnership units ("OP Units," and the holders of such OP Units, "Unitholders") outstanding was 2,258,812 as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and the redemption value of the units, based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock totaled approximately $553.0 million and $560.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company owned or had ownership interests in 253 operating apartment communities, comprising 62,271 apartment homes, excluding the Company’s ownership interest in preferred equity co-investments, loan investments, and three operating commercial buildings. The operating apartment communities are located in Southern California (primarily Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, and Ventura counties), Northern California (the San Francisco Bay Area) and the Seattle metropolitan areas.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-07 "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures." Among other new disclosure requirements, ASU 2023-07 requires companies to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. ASU 2023-07 will be effective for the Company's 2024 annual reporting. ASU 2023-07 must be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-05 "Business Combinations—Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60)" under which an entity that qualifies as a joint venture is required to apply a new basis of accounting upon the formation of the joint venture. The amendments in ASU 2023-05 require that a joint venture must initially measure its assets and liabilities at fair value on the formation date. ASU 2023-05 is effective for all joint ventures that are formed on or after January 1, 2025 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

Revenues and Gains on Sale of Real Estate

Revenues from tenants renting or leasing apartment homes are recorded when due from tenants and are recognized monthly as they are earned which generally approximates a straight-line basis, else, adjustments are made to conform to a straight-line basis. Apartment homes are rented under short-term leases (generally, lease terms of 9 to 12 months). Revenues from tenants leasing commercial space are recorded on a straight-line basis over the life of the respective lease. See Note 3, Revenues, for additional information regarding such revenues.

The Company also generates other property-related revenue associated with the leasing of apartment homes, including storage income, pet rent, and other miscellaneous revenue. Similar to rental income, such revenues are recorded when due from tenants and recognized monthly as they are earned.

Apart from rental and other property-related revenue, revenues from contracts with customers are recognized as control of the promised services is passed to the customer. For customer contracts related to management and other fees from affiliates (which includes asset management and property management), the transaction price and amount of revenue to be recognized is determined each quarter based on the management fee calculated and earned for that month or quarter. The contract will contain a description of the service and the fee percentage for management services. Payments from such services are one month or one quarter in arrears of the service performed.

The Company recognizes any gains on sales of real estate when it transfers control of a property and when it is probable that the Company will collect substantially all of the related consideration.

Marketable Securities

The Company reports its equity securities at fair value, based on quoted market prices (Level 1 for the common stock and investment funds and Level 2 for the unsecured debt, as defined by the FASB standard for fair value measurements). As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $0.1 million of equity securities presented within common stock, preferred stock, and stock funds in the tables below represent investments measured at fair value, using net asset value as a practical expedient, and are not categorized in the fair value hierarchy.

Any realized and unrealized gains and losses in equity securities and interest income are included in interest and other income on the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, equity securities consisted primarily of investment funds-debt securities, common stock, preferred stock and stock funds. 

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, marketable securities consisted of the following ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)		Carrying Value
Equity securities:
Investment funds - debt securities	$	26,590	$	(1,636)	$	24,954
Common stock, preferred stock, and stock funds	51,341		15,000		66,341
Total - Marketable securities	$	77,931	$	13,364	$	91,295

	December 31, 2023
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain (loss)		Carrying Value
Equity securities:
Investment funds - debt securities	$	26,460	$	(1,584)	$	24,876
Common stock, preferred stock, and stock funds	51,328		11,591		62,919
Total - Marketable securities	$	77,788	$	10,007	$	87,795

Variable Interest Entities

In accordance with accounting standards for consolidation of variable interest entities ("VIEs"), the Company consolidated the Operating Partnership, 18 DownREIT entities (comprising nine communities), and six co-investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company consolidates these entities because it is the primary beneficiary. The Company has no assets or liabilities other than its investment in the Operating Partnership. The consolidated total assets and liabilities related to the above consolidated co-investments and DownREIT entities, net of intercompany eliminations, were approximately $963.5 million and $326.1 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2024 and $956.7 million and $324.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. Noncontrolling interests in these entities was $121.0 million and $121.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company's financial risk in each VIE is limited to its equity investment in the VIE. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any VIEs of which it was not the primary beneficiary.

Equity-based Compensation

The cost of share- and unit-based compensation awards is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the awards. The estimated fair value of stock options and restricted stock granted by the Company are being amortized over the vesting period. The estimated grant date fair values of the long term incentive plan units (discussed in Note 14, "Equity Based Compensation Plans," in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023) are being amortized over the expected service periods.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management estimates that the carrying amounts of the outstanding balances under its lines of credit, and notes and other receivables approximate fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, because interest rates, yields, and other terms for these instruments are consistent with interest rates, yields, and other terms currently available for similar instruments. Management has estimated that the fair value of the Company’s fixed rate debt with a carrying value of $6.0 billion and $5.7 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, was approximately $5.6 billion and $5.3 billion, respectively. Management has estimated that the fair value of the Company’s $520.0 million of variable rate debt at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was approximately $518.8 million and $519.0 million, respectively, based on the terms of existing mortgage notes payable, unsecured debt, and variable rate demand notes compared to those available in the marketplace. Management estimates that the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, construction payables, other liabilities, and dividends payable approximate fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. Marketable securities are carried at fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Capitalization of Costs

The Company’s capitalized internal costs related to development and redevelopment projects were comprised primarily of interest and employee compensation and totaled $5.3 million and $4.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company capitalizes leasing commissions associated with the lease-up of development communities and amortizes the costs over the life of the leases. The amounts capitalized for leasing commissions are immaterial for all periods presented.

Co-investments

The Company owns investments in joint ventures in which it has significant influence, but its ownership interest does not meet the criteria for consolidation in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Therefore, the Company accounts for co-investments using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the investment is carried at the cost of assets contributed, plus the Company's equity in earnings, less distributions received and the Company's share of losses. The significant accounting policies of the Company’s co-investment entities are consistent with those of the Company in all material respects.

Upon the acquisition of a controlling interest of a co-investment, the co-investment entity is consolidated and a gain or loss is recognized upon the remeasurement of co-investments in the consolidated statement of income equal to the amount by which the fair value of the Company's previously owned co-investment interest exceeds its carrying value. A majority of the co-investments, excluding most preferred equity investments, compensate the Company for its asset management services and some of these investments may provide promote income if certain financial return benchmarks are achieved. Asset management fees are recognized when earned, and promote fees are recognized when the earnings events have occurred and the amount is determinable and collectible. Any promote fees are reflected in equity income from co-investments.

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net by Component

Essex Property Trust, Inc.

($ in thousands):

	Change in fair value and amortization of swap settlements
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	33,556
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	7,715
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	8
Other comprehensive income	7,723
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	41,279

Essex Portfolio, L.P.

($ in thousands):

	Change in fair value and amortization of swap settlements
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	38,646
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	7,986
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	9
Other comprehensive income	7,995
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	46,641

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income in connection with derivatives are recorded in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. 

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

The carrying value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets was $32.2 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The limited partners may redeem their noncontrolling interests for cash in certain circumstances.

The changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is as follows ($ in thousands):

Balance at December 31, 2023	$	32,205
Reclassification due to change in redemption value and other	(13)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	32,192

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Highly liquid investments generally with original maturities of three months or less when purchased are classified as cash equivalents. Restricted cash balances relate primarily to reserve requirements for capital replacement at certain communities in connection with the Company’s mortgage debt.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents - unrestricted	$	499,036	$	391,749	$	67,712	$	33,295
Cash and cash equivalents - restricted	8,834		8,585		9,446		9,386
Total unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents shown in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows	$	507,870	$	400,334	$	77,158	$	42,681

Gain Contingencies

Contingencies, commonly resulting from legal settlements, will periodically arise that may result in a gain. Gain contingencies are typically not recognized in the financial statements until all uncertainties related to the contingency have been resolved. In the case of legal settlements, the Company determines that all uncertainties have been resolved when cash or other consideration has been received by the Company. Gain contingencies resulting from legal settlements of $42.5 million and $7.7 million were recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are included in interest and other income on the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to acquiring, developing and assessing the carrying values of its real estate portfolio, its investments in and advances to joint ventures and affiliates, its notes receivables, and its qualification as a real estate investment trust ("REIT"). The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, current market conditions, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may vary from those estimates and those estimates could be different under different assumptions or conditions.

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Significant Transactions During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Significant Transactions [Abstract]

Significant Transactions During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and Subsequent Events

Significant Transactions During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and Subsequent Events

Significant Transactions

Acquisitions

In March 2024, the Company acquired its joint venture partner, BEXAEW LLC's ("BEXAEW") 49.9% interest in four apartment communities, consisting of 1,480 apartment homes, valued at $505.0 million on a gross basis. Concurrent with the acquisition, the Company repaid $219.9 million of debt encumbering the properties and consolidated the communities. As a result of this acquisition, the Company realized a gain on remeasurement of co-investment of $138.3 million. Additionally, the Company recognized $1.5 million in promote income as a result of the transaction, which is included in equity income from co-investments on the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Notes Receivable

In March 2024, the Company committed to fund a $53.6 million related party bridge loan to BEX II, LLC ("BEX II"), a co-investment, in connection with the payoff of a mortgage related to one of BEX II's properties located in Southern California. The note receivable will accrue interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 1.50% and is scheduled to mature in September 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the commitment was yet to be funded and was fully funded subsequent to quarter end, in April 2024. See Note 6, Related Party Transactions, for additional details.

Senior Unsecured Debt

In March 2024, the Operating Partnership issued $350.0 million of senior unsecured notes due on April 1, 2034 with a coupon rate of 5.500% per annum (the "2034 Notes"), which are payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2024. The 2034 Notes were offered to investors at a price of 99.752% of par value. The 2034 Notes are general unsecured senior obligations of the Operating Partnership, rank equally in right of payment with all other senior unsecured indebtedness of the Operating Partnership and are unconditionally guaranteed by Essex.

Subsequent events

Subsequent to quarter end, the Company accepted the third party sponsor’s common equity interest affiliated with its $14.7 million preferred equity investment in a stabilized community comprising 75 apartment homes located in Sunnyvale, CA. Concurrent with the closing, the Company unencumbered the property and consolidated the community on the Company’s financial statements at a $46.6 million valuation. The Company placed the preferred equity investment on non-accrual in the fourth quarter of 2023 and recorded a $3.7 million non-cash impairment related to the investment in the first quarter of 2024.

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Revenues

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenues

Revenues

Disaggregated Revenue

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by revenue source ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Rental income	$	417,236	$	404,635
Other property	6,979		5,021
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713		2,765
Total revenues	$	426,928	$	412,421

The following table presents the Company’s rental and other property revenues disaggregated by geographic operating segment ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Southern California	$	176,002	$	166,877
Northern California	168,839		163,728
Seattle Metro	71,913		70,038
Other real estate assets (1)	7,461		9,013
Total rental and other property revenues	$	424,215	$	409,656

(1) Other real estate assets consist of revenues generated from retail space, commercial properties, held for sale properties, disposition properties and straight-line rent adjustments for concessions. Executive management does not evaluate such operating performance geographically.

The following table presents the Company’s rental and other property revenues disaggregated by current property category status ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Same-property (1)	$	409,819	$	395,520
Acquisitions (2)	1,598		—
Redevelopment	1,541		1,537
Non-residential/other, net (3)	11,320		12,023
Straight line rent concession (4)	(63)		576
Total rental and other property revenues	$	424,215	$	409,656

(1) Same-property includes properties that have comparable stabilized results as of January 1, 2023 and are consolidated by the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. A community is considered to have reached stabilized operations once it achieves an initial occupancy of 90%.

(2) Acquisitions include properties acquired which did not have comparable stabilized results as of January 1, 2023.

(3) Non-residential/other, net consists of revenues generated from retail space, commercial properties, held for sale properties, disposition properties, student housing, properties undergoing significant construction activities that do not

meet our redevelopment criteria, and two communities located in the California counties of Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz, which the Company does not consider its core markets.

(4) Represents straight-line concessions for residential operating communities. Same-property revenues reflect concessions on a cash basis. Total rental and other property revenues reflect concessions on a straight-line basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Deferred Revenues and Remaining Performance Obligations

When cash payments are received or due in advance of the Company’s performance of contracts with customers, deferred revenue is recorded. The total deferred revenue balance related to such contracts was $0.8 million and $1.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and was included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amount of revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 that was included in the December 31, 2023 deferred revenue balance was $0.2 million, which was included in rental and other property revenue within the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in the revenue recognition accounting standard. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $0.8 million of remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize approximately 61% of these remaining performance obligations in 2024, an additional 32% through 2026, and the remaining balance thereafter.

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Co-investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Investments in and Advance to Affiliates, Subsidiaries, Associates, and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Co-investments

Co-investments

The Company has joint ventures and preferred equity investments in co-investments which own, operate, and develop apartment communities and are accounted for under the equity method. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had invested in five technology co-investments and the co-investment balance of these investments was $50.5 million, and the aggregate commitment was $86.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had five technology co-investments and the co-investment balance of these investments was $44.2 million and the aggregate commitment was $86.0 million.

The carrying values of the Company's co-investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows ($ in thousands, except parenthetical amounts):

	Weighted Average Company Ownership Percentage (1)		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Ownership interest in:
Wesco I, Wesco III, Wesco IV, Wesco V, and Wesco VI (2)	54	%	$	145,918	$	144,766
BEXAEW (3), BEX II, BEX IV, and 500 Folsom	50	%	213,998		224,119
Other (4)	52	%	86,542		68,493
Total operating and other co-investments, net			446,458		437,378
Total development co-investments	—	%	—		14,605
Total preferred interest co-investments (includes related party investments of $44.8 million and $42.7 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. See Note 6 - Related Party Transactions for further discussion)			552,311		544,262
Total co-investments, net			$	998,769	$	996,245

(1) Weighted average Company ownership percentages are as of March 31, 2024.

(2) As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's investments in Wesco I, Wesco III, and Wesco IV were classified as a liability of $59.6 million and $61.8 million, respectively, due to distributions in excess of the Company's investment.

(3) In March 2024, the Company acquired BEXAEW's 49.9% interest in four apartment communities consisting of 1,480 apartment homes.

(4) As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's investments in Expo and Century Towers were classified as a liability of $4.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively, due to distributions received in excess of the Company's investment. The weighted average Company ownership percentage excludes the Company's investments in non-core technology co-investments which are carried at fair value.

The combined summarized financial information of co-investments is as follows ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Combined balance sheets: (1)
Rental properties and real estate under development	$	4,739,567	$	5,123,164
Other assets	295,557		279,237
Total assets	$	5,035,124	$	5,402,401
Debt	$	3,312,158	$	3,622,609
Other liabilities	312,091		317,208
Equity	1,410,875		1,462,584
Total liabilities and equity	$	5,035,124	$	5,402,401
Company's share of equity	$	998,769	$	996,245

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Combined statements of income: (1)
Property revenues	$	106,293	$	100,593
Property operating expenses	(42,314)		(42,078)
Net operating income	63,979		58,515
Interest expense	(40,943)		(32,684)
General and administrative	(7,563)		(2,980)
Depreciation and amortization	(45,793)		(41,388)
Net loss	$	(30,320)	$	(18,537)
Company's share of net income (2)	$	12,366	$	10,871

(1) Includes preferred equity investments held by the Company and excludes investments in technology co-investments.

(2) Includes the Company's share of equity income from joint ventures and preferred equity investments, gain on sales of co-investments, co-investment promote income and income from early redemption of preferred equity investments. Includes related party income of $1.1 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Notes and Other Receivables

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Notes and Other Receivables

Notes and Other Receivables

Notes and other receivables consist of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 11.50%, due November 2024 (Originated November 2020)	$	38,801	$	37,582
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 9.00%, due October 2025 (Originated October 2021)	52,550		50,146
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 12.00%, due August 2024 (Originated August 2022)	12,116		11,743
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 11.25%, due October 2027 (Originated October 2022)	35,944		34,929
Notes and other receivables from affiliates (1)	5,945		6,111
Straight line rent receivables (2)	9,246		9,353
Other receivables	29,150		25,444
Allowance for credit losses	(712)		(687)
Total notes and other receivables	$	183,040	$	174,621

(1) These amounts consist of short-term loans outstanding and due from various joint ventures as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. See Note 6, Related Party Transactions, for additional details.

(2) These amounts are receivables from lease concessions recorded on a straight-line basis for the Company's operating properties.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for notes receivable, secured ($ in thousands):

	Notes Receivable, Secured
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	687
Provision for credit losses	25
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	712

No loans were placed on nonaccrual status or charged off during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

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Related Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

The Company charges certain fees relating to its co-investments for asset management, property management, development and redevelopment services. These fees from affiliates totaled $2.8 million and $3.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. All of these fees are net of intercompany amounts eliminated by the Company. The Company netted development and redevelopment fees of approximately $0.1 million and $0.5 million against general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company’s Chairman and founder, Mr. George M. Marcus, is the Chairman of the Marcus & Millichap Company ("MMC"), which is a parent company of a diversified group of real estate service, investment, and development firms. Mr. Marcus is also the Chairman of and owns a controlling interest in Marcus & Millichap, Inc. ("MMI"), a national brokerage firm listed on the New York Stock Exchange. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not pay brokerage commissions related to real estate transactions to MMC and its affiliates.

In March 2024, the Company committed to fund a $53.6 million related party bridge loan to BEX II in connection with the payoff of a mortgage related to one of BEX II's properties located in Southern California. The note receivable will accrue interest at the SOFR plus 1.50% and is scheduled to mature in September 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the commitment was yet to be funded. It was fully funded subsequent to quarter end, in April 2024.

In August 2022, the Company funded an $11.2 million preferred equity investment in an entity whose sponsor includes an affiliate of MMC. The entity owns three multifamily communities located in Azusa, CA. The investment initially accrues interest based on a 9.5% preferred return and is scheduled to mature in August 2027.

In February 2019, the Company funded a $24.5 million preferred equity investment in an entity whose sponsor is an affiliate of MMC, which owns a multifamily development community located in Mountain View, CA. The investment initially accrued interest based on an 11.0% preferred return which was reduced to 9.0% upon completion and lease-up of the project. The investment was scheduled to mature in February 2024, but was paid off in December 2023.

In October 2018, the Company funded an $18.6 million preferred equity investment in an entity whose sponsor is an affiliate of MMC. The entity wholly owns a 268-unit apartment home community development located in Burlingame, CA. The investment initially accrued interest based on a 12.0% preferred return which was reduced to 9.0% upon completion and lease-up of the project. In April 2023, the investment's maturity date was extended from April 2024 to May 2026 with the investment accruing interest based on a 11.0% preferred return. In April 2023, the Company received cash of $11.2 million for the partial redemption of this preferred equity investment.

In May 2018, the Company made a commitment to fund a $26.5 million preferred equity investment in an entity whose sponsors include an affiliate of MMC. The entity wholly owns a 400-unit apartment home community located in Ventura, CA. The investment accrued interest based on a 10.25% initial preferred return. The investment was scheduled to mature in May 2023. In November 2021, the Company received cash of $18.3 million for the partial redemption of this preferred equity investment resulting in a remaining total commitment of $13.0 million, and the maturity was extended to December 2028. As of March 31, 2024, $11.0 million of this commitment has been funded and the Company continues to accrue interest on a 9.0% preferred return. The remaining committed amount is expected to be funded if and when requested by the sponsors.

As described in Note 5, Notes and Other Receivables, the Company has provided short-term loans to affiliates. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $5.9 million and $6.1 million, respectively, of short-term loans remained outstanding due from joint venture affiliates and is classified within notes and other receivables in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

Essex does not have indebtedness as debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership. Essex guarantees the Operating Partnership’s unsecured debt including the revolving credit facilities for the full term of the facilities.

Debt consists of the following ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			Weighted Average Maturity In Years as of March 31, 2024
Term loan - variable rate, net	$	298,649		$	298,552		3.6
Bonds public offering - fixed rate, net (1)	5,367,955			5,019,979			7.1
Unsecured debt, net (2)	5,666,604			5,318,531
Lines of credit (3)	—			—
Mortgage notes payable, net (4)	886,388			887,204			7.6
Total debt, net	$	6,552,992		$	6,205,735
Weighted average interest rate on fixed rate unsecured bonds public offering	3.4		%	3.3		%
Weighted average interest rate on variable rate term loan	4.2		%	4.2		%
Weighted average interest rate on lines of credit	6.3		%	6.3		%
Weighted average interest rate on mortgage notes payable	4.3		%	4.3		%

(1) In March 2024, the Operating Partnership issued $350.0 million of senior unsecured notes due on April 1, 2034 with a coupon rate of 5.500% per annum, which are payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2024. The 2034 Notes were offered to investors at a price of 99.752% of par value.

(2) Unsecured debt, net, consists of fixed rate public bond offerings and variable rate term loan which includes unamortized discount, net of premiums, of $6.6 million and $6.1 million and unamortized debt issuance costs of $26.8 million and $25.3 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(3) Lines of credit, related to the Company's two lines of unsecured credit aggregating $1.24 billion as of March 31, 2024, excludes unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.5 million and $3.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. These debt issuance costs are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s $1.2 billion credit facility had an interest rate at the Adjusted Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Adjusted SOFR") plus 0.75%, which is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company’s credit ratings, adjusted for the Company's sustainability metric grid, and a scheduled maturity date of January 2027 with two six-month extensions, exercisable at the Company’s option. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s $35.0 million working capital unsecured line of credit had an interest rate of Adjusted SOFR plus 0.75%, which is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company’s credit ratings, adjusted for the Company's sustainability metric grid, and a scheduled maturity date of July 2024.

(4) Includes total unamortized premium, net of discounts of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, reduced by unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.0 million and $3.1 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The aggregate scheduled principal payments of the Company’s outstanding debt, excluding lines of credit, as of March 31, 2024 are as follows ($ in thousands):

2024	$	402,347
2025	633,054
2026	549,405
2027	803,955
2028	518,332
Thereafter	3,681,937
Total	$	6,589,030

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Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

The Company's segment disclosures present the measure used by the chief operating decision makers for purposes of assessing each segment's performance. The Company's chief operating decision makers are comprised of several members of its executive management team who use net operating income ("NOI") to assess the performance of the business for the Company's reportable operating segments. NOI represents total property revenues less direct property operating expenses.

The executive management team generally evaluates the Company's operating performance geographically. The Company defines its reportable operating segments as the three geographical regions in which its communities are located: Southern California, Northern California, and Seattle Metro.

Excluded from segment revenues and NOI are management and other fees from affiliates and interest and other income. Non-segment revenues and NOI included in the following schedule also consist of revenues generated from commercial properties and properties that have been sold. Other non-segment assets include items such as real estate under development, co-investments, real estate held for sale, cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, notes and other receivables, and prepaid expenses and other assets.

The revenues and NOI for each of the reportable operating segments are summarized as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenues:
Southern California	$	176,002	$	166,877
Northern California	168,839		163,728
Seattle Metro	71,913		70,038
Other real estate assets	7,461		9,013
Total property revenues	$	424,215	$	409,656
Net operating income:
Southern California	$	124,333	$	116,942
Northern California	115,679		114,555
Seattle Metro	50,916		49,894
Other real estate assets	7,421		7,853
Total net operating income	298,349		289,244
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713		2,765
Corporate-level property management expenses	(11,731)		(11,432)
Depreciation and amortization	(139,733)		(136,347)
General and administrative	(17,171)		(15,311)
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs	(68)		(339)
Casualty loss	—		(433)
Gain on sale of real estate and land	—		59,238
Interest expense	(55,933)		(51,045)
Total return swap income	796		1,033
Interest and other income	57,275		12,450
Equity income from co-investments	12,366		10,871
Tax (expense) benefit on unconsolidated co-investments	(49)		900
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	138,326		—
Net income	$	285,140	$	161,594

Total assets for each of the reportable operating segments are summarized as follows as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets:
Southern California	$	4,208,556	$	3,802,648
Northern California	5,192,173		5,242,343
Seattle Metro	1,376,656		1,333,030
Other real estate assets	92,342		92,271
Net reportable operating segment - real estate assets	10,869,727		10,470,292
Real estate under development	24,631		23,724
Co-investments	1,062,575		1,061,733
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash	507,870		400,334
Marketable securities	91,295		87,795
Notes and other receivables	183,040		174,621
Operating lease right-of-use assets	62,858		63,757
Prepaid expenses and other assets	83,189		79,171
Total assets	$	12,885,185	$	12,361,427

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Net Income Per Common Share and Net Income Per Common Unit

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income Per Common Share and Net Income Per Common Unit

Net Income Per Common Share and Net Income Per Common Unit

($ in thousands, except share and unit data):

Essex Property Trust, Inc.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024					Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Income		Weighted- average Common Shares	Per Common Share Amount		Income		Weighted- average Common Shares	Per Common Share Amount
Basic:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	272,731	64,205,086	$	4.25	$	153,532	64,458,535	$	2.38
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock options	—		6,920			—		1,154
Diluted:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	272,731	64,212,006	$	4.25	$	153,532	64,459,689	$	2.38

The table above excludes from the calculations of diluted earnings per share weighted average convertible OP Units of 2,258,812 and 2,265,893, which include vested 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan Units and 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan Units, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, because they were anti-dilutive. The related income allocated to these convertible OP Units aggregated $9.6 million and $5.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Stock options of 395,585 and 476,748 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the assumed proceeds per share of such options plus the average unearned compensation were greater than the average market price of the common stock for the periods ended and, therefore, were anti-dilutive.

Essex Portfolio, L.P.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024					Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Income		Weighted- average Common  Units	Per Common Unit Amount		Income		Weighted- average Common  Units	Per Common Unit Amount
Basic:
Net income available to common unitholders	$	282,330	66,463,899	$	4.25	$	158,936	66,724,428	$	2.38
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock options	—		6,920			—		1,154
Diluted:
Net income available to common unitholders	$	282,330	66,470,819	$	4.25	$	158,936	66,725,582	$	2.38

Stock options of 395,585 and 476,748 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per unit because the assumed proceeds per unit of these options plus the average unearned compensation were greater than the average market price of the common unit for the periods ended and, therefore, were anti-dilutive.

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had an interest rate swap contract with an aggregate notional amount of $300.0 million that effectively fixed the interest rate on the $300.0 million unsecured term loan at 4.2%. This derivative qualifies for hedge accounting.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the swap contracts were presented in the consolidated balance sheets as an asset of $7.8 million and $4.3 million, respectively, and were included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no interest rate caps.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to various lawsuits in the normal course of its business operations. Such lawsuits have not had a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. While no assurances can be given, the Company does not believe there is any pending or threatened litigation against the Company that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

In late 2022 and early 2023, a number of purported class actions were filed against RealPage, Inc., a seller of revenue management software, and various lessors of multifamily housing which utilize this software, including the Company. The complaints allege collusion among defendants to artificially increase rents of multifamily residential real estate above competitive levels. The Company intends to vigorously defend against these lawsuits. Given their early stage, the Company is unable to predict the outcome or estimate the amount of loss, if any, that may result from such matters. The Company is also subject to various other legal and/or regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of its business operations. The Company believes that, with respect to such matters that it is currently a party to, the ultimate disposition of any such matter will not result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. To the extent that such a matter arises or is identified in the future that has other than a remote risk of having a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company will disclose the estimated range of possible outcomes associated with it, and, if an outcome is probable, accrue an appropriate liability for that matter. The Company will consider whether any such matter results in an impairment of value on the affected property and, if so, impairment will be recognized.

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Amal Johnson [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement	On February 8, 2024, Amal Johnson, a director, entered into a trading plan that provides for the potential exercise of stock options and associated sale of up to 25,009 shares of common stock. The plan will expire on February 18, 2025, subject to early termination for certain specified events as set forth in the plan.
Name	Amal Johnson
Title	director
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	February 8, 2024
Arrangement Duration	376 days
Aggregate Available	25,009
Anne Morrison [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement	On March 7, 2024, Anne Morrison, our EVP, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel, entered into a trading plan that provides the potential exercise of stock options and associated sale of up to 13,722 shares of common stock. The plan will expire on March 10, 2025, subject to early termination for certain specified events as set forth in the plan.
Name	Anne Morrison
Title	EVP, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	March 7, 2024
Arrangement Duration	368 days
Aggregate Available	13,722

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Organization and Basis of Presentation (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements present the accounts of Essex Property Trust, Inc. ("Essex" or the "Company"), which include the accounts of the Company and Essex Portfolio, L.P. and its subsidiaries (the "Operating Partnership," which holds the operating assets of the Company), prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented have been included and are normal and recurring in nature. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Consolidation

All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-07 "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures." Among other new disclosure requirements, ASU 2023-07 requires companies to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. ASU 2023-07 will be effective for the Company's 2024 annual reporting. ASU 2023-07 must be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-05 "Business Combinations—Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60)" under which an entity that qualifies as a joint venture is required to apply a new basis of accounting upon the formation of the joint venture. The amendments in ASU 2023-05 require that a joint venture must initially measure its assets and liabilities at fair value on the formation date. ASU 2023-05 is effective for all joint ventures that are formed on or after January 1, 2025 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

Revenues and Gains on Sale of Real Estate

Revenues and Gains on Sale of Real Estate

Revenues from tenants renting or leasing apartment homes are recorded when due from tenants and are recognized monthly as they are earned which generally approximates a straight-line basis, else, adjustments are made to conform to a straight-line basis. Apartment homes are rented under short-term leases (generally, lease terms of 9 to 12 months). Revenues from tenants leasing commercial space are recorded on a straight-line basis over the life of the respective lease. See Note 3, Revenues, for additional information regarding such revenues.

The Company also generates other property-related revenue associated with the leasing of apartment homes, including storage income, pet rent, and other miscellaneous revenue. Similar to rental income, such revenues are recorded when due from tenants and recognized monthly as they are earned.

Apart from rental and other property-related revenue, revenues from contracts with customers are recognized as control of the promised services is passed to the customer. For customer contracts related to management and other fees from affiliates (which includes asset management and property management), the transaction price and amount of revenue to be recognized is determined each quarter based on the management fee calculated and earned for that month or quarter. The contract will contain a description of the service and the fee percentage for management services. Payments from such services are one month or one quarter in arrears of the service performed.

The Company recognizes any gains on sales of real estate when it transfers control of a property and when it is probable that the Company will collect substantially all of the related consideration.

Marketable Securities

Marketable Securities

The Company reports its equity securities at fair value, based on quoted market prices (Level 1 for the common stock and investment funds and Level 2 for the unsecured debt, as defined by the FASB standard for fair value measurements). As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $0.1 million of equity securities presented within common stock, preferred stock, and stock funds in the tables below represent investments measured at fair value, using net asset value as a practical expedient, and are not categorized in the fair value hierarchy.

Any realized and unrealized gains and losses in equity securities and interest income are included in interest and other income on the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, equity securities consisted primarily of investment funds-debt securities, common stock, preferred stock and stock funds.

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities

In accordance with accounting standards for consolidation of variable interest entities ("VIEs"), the Company consolidated the Operating Partnership, 18 DownREIT entities (comprising nine communities), and six co-investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company consolidates these entities because it is the primary beneficiary. The Company has no assets or liabilities other than its investment in the Operating Partnership. The consolidated total assets and liabilities related to the above consolidated co-investments and DownREIT entities, net of intercompany eliminations, were approximately $963.5 million and $326.1 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2024 and $956.7 million and $324.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. Noncontrolling interests in these entities was $121.0 million and $121.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company's financial risk in each VIE is limited to its equity investment in the VIE. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any VIEs of which it was not the primary beneficiary.

Equity-based Compensation

Equity-based Compensation

The cost of share- and unit-based compensation awards is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the awards. The estimated fair value of stock options and restricted stock granted by the Company are being amortized over the vesting period. The estimated grant date fair values of the long term incentive plan units (discussed in Note 14, "Equity Based Compensation Plans," in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023) are being amortized over the expected service periods.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management estimates that the carrying amounts of the outstanding balances under its lines of credit, and notes and other receivables approximate fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, because interest rates, yields, and other terms for these instruments are consistent with interest rates, yields, and other terms currently available for similar instruments. Management has estimated that the fair value of the Company’s fixed rate debt with a carrying value of $6.0 billion and $5.7 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, was approximately $5.6 billion and $5.3 billion, respectively. Management has estimated that the fair value of the Company’s $520.0 million of variable rate debt at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was approximately $518.8 million and $519.0 million, respectively, based on the terms of existing mortgage notes payable, unsecured debt, and variable rate demand notes compared to those available in the marketplace. Management estimates that the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, construction payables, other liabilities, and dividends payable approximate fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. Marketable securities are carried at fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Capitalization of Costs

Capitalization of Costs

The Company’s capitalized internal costs related to development and redevelopment projects were comprised primarily of interest and employee compensation and totaled $5.3 million and $4.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company capitalizes leasing commissions associated with the lease-up of development communities and amortizes the costs over the life of the leases. The amounts capitalized for leasing commissions are immaterial for all periods presented.

Co-investments

Co-investments

The Company owns investments in joint ventures in which it has significant influence, but its ownership interest does not meet the criteria for consolidation in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Therefore, the Company accounts for co-investments using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the investment is carried at the cost of assets contributed, plus the Company's equity in earnings, less distributions received and the Company's share of losses. The significant accounting policies of the Company’s co-investment entities are consistent with those of the Company in all material respects.

Upon the acquisition of a controlling interest of a co-investment, the co-investment entity is consolidated and a gain or loss is recognized upon the remeasurement of co-investments in the consolidated statement of income equal to the amount by which the fair value of the Company's previously owned co-investment interest exceeds its carrying value. A majority of the co-investments, excluding most preferred equity investments, compensate the Company for its asset management services and some of these investments may provide promote income if certain financial return benchmarks are achieved. Asset management fees are recognized when earned, and promote fees are recognized when the earnings events have occurred and the amount is determinable and collectible. Any promote fees are reflected in equity income from co-investments.

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net by Component

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income in connection with derivatives are recorded in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Highly liquid investments generally with original maturities of three months or less when purchased are classified as cash equivalents. Restricted cash balances relate primarily to reserve requirements for capital replacement at certain communities in connection with the Company’s mortgage debt.

Gain Contingencies

Contingencies, commonly resulting from legal settlements, will periodically arise that may result in a gain. Gain contingencies are typically not recognized in the financial statements until all uncertainties related to the contingency have been resolved. In the case of legal settlements, the Company determines that all uncertainties have been resolved when cash or other consideration has been received by the Company.

Accounting Estimates

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to acquiring, developing and assessing the carrying values of its real estate portfolio, its investments in and advances to joint ventures and affiliates, its notes receivables, and its qualification as a real estate investment trust ("REIT"). The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, current market conditions, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may vary from those estimates and those estimates could be different under different assumptions or conditions.

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Organization and Basis of Presentation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Marketable Securities

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, marketable securities consisted of the following ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)		Carrying Value
Equity securities:
Investment funds - debt securities	$	26,590	$	(1,636)	$	24,954
Common stock, preferred stock, and stock funds	51,341		15,000		66,341
Total - Marketable securities	$	77,931	$	13,364	$	91,295

	December 31, 2023
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain (loss)		Carrying Value
Equity securities:
Investment funds - debt securities	$	26,460	$	(1,584)	$	24,876
Common stock, preferred stock, and stock funds	51,328		11,591		62,919
Total - Marketable securities	$	77,788	$	10,007	$	87,795

Schedule of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net by Component

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net by Component

Essex Property Trust, Inc.

($ in thousands):

	Change in fair value and amortization of swap settlements
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	33,556
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	7,715
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	8
Other comprehensive income	7,723
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	41,279

Essex Portfolio, L.P.

($ in thousands):

	Change in fair value and amortization of swap settlements
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	38,646
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	7,986
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	9
Other comprehensive income	7,995
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	46,641

Schedule of Changes to the Redemption Value of Noncontrolling Interests

The changes in the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is as follows ($ in thousands):

Balance at December 31, 2023	$	32,205
Reclassification due to change in redemption value and other	(13)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	32,192

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents - unrestricted	$	499,036	$	391,749	$	67,712	$	33,295
Cash and cash equivalents - restricted	8,834		8,585		9,446		9,386
Total unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents shown in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows	$	507,870	$	400,334	$	77,158	$	42,681

Schedule of Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents - unrestricted	$	499,036	$	391,749	$	67,712	$	33,295
Cash and cash equivalents - restricted	8,834		8,585		9,446		9,386
Total unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents shown in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows	$	507,870	$	400,334	$	77,158	$	42,681

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Revenues (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by revenue source ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Rental income	$	417,236	$	404,635
Other property	6,979		5,021
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713		2,765
Total revenues	$	426,928	$	412,421

The following table presents the Company’s rental and other property revenues disaggregated by geographic operating segment ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Southern California	$	176,002	$	166,877
Northern California	168,839		163,728
Seattle Metro	71,913		70,038
Other real estate assets (1)	7,461		9,013
Total rental and other property revenues	$	424,215	$	409,656

(1) Other real estate assets consist of revenues generated from retail space, commercial properties, held for sale properties, disposition properties and straight-line rent adjustments for concessions. Executive management does not evaluate such operating performance geographically.

The following table presents the Company’s rental and other property revenues disaggregated by current property category status ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Same-property (1)	$	409,819	$	395,520
Acquisitions (2)	1,598		—
Redevelopment	1,541		1,537
Non-residential/other, net (3)	11,320		12,023
Straight line rent concession (4)	(63)		576
Total rental and other property revenues	$	424,215	$	409,656

(1) Same-property includes properties that have comparable stabilized results as of January 1, 2023 and are consolidated by the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. A community is considered to have reached stabilized operations once it achieves an initial occupancy of 90%.

(2) Acquisitions include properties acquired which did not have comparable stabilized results as of January 1, 2023.

(3) Non-residential/other, net consists of revenues generated from retail space, commercial properties, held for sale properties, disposition properties, student housing, properties undergoing significant construction activities that do not

meet our redevelopment criteria, and two communities located in the California counties of Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz, which the Company does not consider its core markets.

(4) Represents straight-line concessions for residential operating communities. Same-property revenues reflect concessions on a cash basis. Total rental and other property revenues reflect concessions on a straight-line basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

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Co-investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Investments in and Advance to Affiliates, Subsidiaries, Associates, and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Schedule of Co-Investments

The carrying values of the Company's co-investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows ($ in thousands, except parenthetical amounts):

	Weighted Average Company Ownership Percentage (1)		March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Ownership interest in:
Wesco I, Wesco III, Wesco IV, Wesco V, and Wesco VI (2)	54	%	$	145,918	$	144,766
BEXAEW (3), BEX II, BEX IV, and 500 Folsom	50	%	213,998		224,119
Other (4)	52	%	86,542		68,493
Total operating and other co-investments, net			446,458		437,378
Total development co-investments	—	%	—		14,605
Total preferred interest co-investments (includes related party investments of $44.8 million and $42.7 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. See Note 6 - Related Party Transactions for further discussion)			552,311		544,262
Total co-investments, net			$	998,769	$	996,245

(1) Weighted average Company ownership percentages are as of March 31, 2024.

(2) As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's investments in Wesco I, Wesco III, and Wesco IV were classified as a liability of $59.6 million and $61.8 million, respectively, due to distributions in excess of the Company's investment.

(3) In March 2024, the Company acquired BEXAEW's 49.9% interest in four apartment communities consisting of 1,480 apartment homes.

(4) As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's investments in Expo and Century Towers were classified as a liability of $4.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively, due to distributions received in excess of the Company's investment. The weighted average Company ownership percentage excludes the Company's investments in non-core technology co-investments which are carried at fair value.

Schedule of Financial Information for Co-Investments Accounted For Under the Equity Method

The combined summarized financial information of co-investments is as follows ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Combined balance sheets: (1)
Rental properties and real estate under development	$	4,739,567	$	5,123,164
Other assets	295,557		279,237
Total assets	$	5,035,124	$	5,402,401
Debt	$	3,312,158	$	3,622,609
Other liabilities	312,091		317,208
Equity	1,410,875		1,462,584
Total liabilities and equity	$	5,035,124	$	5,402,401
Company's share of equity	$	998,769	$	996,245

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Combined statements of income: (1)
Property revenues	$	106,293	$	100,593
Property operating expenses	(42,314)		(42,078)
Net operating income	63,979		58,515
Interest expense	(40,943)		(32,684)
General and administrative	(7,563)		(2,980)
Depreciation and amortization	(45,793)		(41,388)
Net loss	$	(30,320)	$	(18,537)
Company's share of net income (2)	$	12,366	$	10,871

(1) Includes preferred equity investments held by the Company and excludes investments in technology co-investments.

(2) Includes the Company's share of equity income from joint ventures and preferred equity investments, gain on sales of co-investments, co-investment promote income and income from early redemption of preferred equity investments. Includes related party income of $1.1 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Notes and Other Receivables (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Notes and Other Receivables

Notes and other receivables consist of the following as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 11.50%, due November 2024 (Originated November 2020)	$	38,801	$	37,582
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 9.00%, due October 2025 (Originated October 2021)	52,550		50,146
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 12.00%, due August 2024 (Originated August 2022)	12,116		11,743
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 11.25%, due October 2027 (Originated October 2022)	35,944		34,929
Notes and other receivables from affiliates (1)	5,945		6,111
Straight line rent receivables (2)	9,246		9,353
Other receivables	29,150		25,444
Allowance for credit losses	(712)		(687)
Total notes and other receivables	$	183,040	$	174,621

(1) These amounts consist of short-term loans outstanding and due from various joint ventures as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. See Note 6, Related Party Transactions, for additional details.

(2) These amounts are receivables from lease concessions recorded on a straight-line basis for the Company's operating properties.

Schedule of Allowance for Credit Loss

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for notes receivable, secured ($ in thousands):

	Notes Receivable, Secured
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	687
Provision for credit losses	25
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	712

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt and Lines of Credit

Debt consists of the following ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			Weighted Average Maturity In Years as of March 31, 2024
Term loan - variable rate, net	$	298,649		$	298,552		3.6
Bonds public offering - fixed rate, net (1)	5,367,955			5,019,979			7.1
Unsecured debt, net (2)	5,666,604			5,318,531
Lines of credit (3)	—			—
Mortgage notes payable, net (4)	886,388			887,204			7.6
Total debt, net	$	6,552,992		$	6,205,735
Weighted average interest rate on fixed rate unsecured bonds public offering	3.4		%	3.3		%
Weighted average interest rate on variable rate term loan	4.2		%	4.2		%
Weighted average interest rate on lines of credit	6.3		%	6.3		%
Weighted average interest rate on mortgage notes payable	4.3		%	4.3		%

(1) In March 2024, the Operating Partnership issued $350.0 million of senior unsecured notes due on April 1, 2034 with a coupon rate of 5.500% per annum, which are payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2024. The 2034 Notes were offered to investors at a price of 99.752% of par value.

(2) Unsecured debt, net, consists of fixed rate public bond offerings and variable rate term loan which includes unamortized discount, net of premiums, of $6.6 million and $6.1 million and unamortized debt issuance costs of $26.8 million and $25.3 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(3) Lines of credit, related to the Company's two lines of unsecured credit aggregating $1.24 billion as of March 31, 2024, excludes unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.5 million and $3.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. These debt issuance costs are included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s $1.2 billion credit facility had an interest rate at the Adjusted Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Adjusted SOFR") plus 0.75%, which is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company’s credit ratings, adjusted for the Company's sustainability metric grid, and a scheduled maturity date of January 2027 with two six-month extensions, exercisable at the Company’s option. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s $35.0 million working capital unsecured line of credit had an interest rate of Adjusted SOFR plus 0.75%, which is based on a tiered rate structure tied to the Company’s credit ratings, adjusted for the Company's sustainability metric grid, and a scheduled maturity date of July 2024.

(4) Includes total unamortized premium, net of discounts of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, reduced by unamortized debt issuance costs of $3.0 million and $3.1 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Schedule of Aggregate Scheduled Principal Payments

The aggregate scheduled principal payments of the Company’s outstanding debt, excluding lines of credit, as of March 31, 2024 are as follows ($ in thousands):

2024	$	402,347
2025	633,054
2026	549,405
2027	803,955
2028	518,332
Thereafter	3,681,937
Total	$	6,589,030

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Segment Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Reconciliation of Revenues and Operating Profit (Loss) From Segments to Consolidated

The revenues and NOI for each of the reportable operating segments are summarized as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 ($ in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenues:
Southern California	$	176,002	$	166,877
Northern California	168,839		163,728
Seattle Metro	71,913		70,038
Other real estate assets	7,461		9,013
Total property revenues	$	424,215	$	409,656
Net operating income:
Southern California	$	124,333	$	116,942
Northern California	115,679		114,555
Seattle Metro	50,916		49,894
Other real estate assets	7,421		7,853
Total net operating income	298,349		289,244
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713		2,765
Corporate-level property management expenses	(11,731)		(11,432)
Depreciation and amortization	(139,733)		(136,347)
General and administrative	(17,171)		(15,311)
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs	(68)		(339)
Casualty loss	—		(433)
Gain on sale of real estate and land	—		59,238
Interest expense	(55,933)		(51,045)
Total return swap income	796		1,033
Interest and other income	57,275		12,450
Equity income from co-investments	12,366		10,871
Tax (expense) benefit on unconsolidated co-investments	(49)		900
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	138,326		—
Net income	$	285,140	$	161,594

Schedule of Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated

Total assets for each of the reportable operating segments are summarized as follows as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands):

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets:
Southern California	$	4,208,556	$	3,802,648
Northern California	5,192,173		5,242,343
Seattle Metro	1,376,656		1,333,030
Other real estate assets	92,342		92,271
Net reportable operating segment - real estate assets	10,869,727		10,470,292
Real estate under development	24,631		23,724
Co-investments	1,062,575		1,061,733
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash	507,870		400,334
Marketable securities	91,295		87,795
Notes and other receivables	183,040		174,621
Operating lease right-of-use assets	62,858		63,757
Prepaid expenses and other assets	83,189		79,171
Total assets	$	12,885,185	$	12,361,427

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Net Income Per Common Share and Net Income Per Common Unit (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Net Income Per Share and Net Income Per Unit [Line Items]

Schedule of Net Income Per Common Share

Essex Property Trust, Inc.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024					Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Income		Weighted- average Common Shares	Per Common Share Amount		Income		Weighted- average Common Shares	Per Common Share Amount
Basic:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	272,731	64,205,086	$	4.25	$	153,532	64,458,535	$	2.38
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock options	—		6,920			—		1,154
Diluted:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	272,731	64,212,006	$	4.25	$	153,532	64,459,689	$	2.38

Essex Portfolio, L.P.

Net Income Per Share and Net Income Per Unit [Line Items]

Schedule of Net Income Per Common Share

Essex Portfolio, L.P.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024					Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Income		Weighted- average Common  Units	Per Common Unit Amount		Income		Weighted- average Common  Units	Per Common Unit Amount
Basic:
Net income available to common unitholders	$	282,330	66,463,899	$	4.25	$	158,936	66,724,428	$	2.38
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock options	—		6,920			—		1,154
Diluted:
Net income available to common unitholders	$	282,330	66,470,819	$	4.25	$	158,936	66,725,582	$	2.38

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Organization and Basis of Presentation - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) community investment building apartment partnership shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) community partnership investment shares
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Apartment communities owned (in communities) | community	253
Apartment units owned (in apartments) | apartment	62,271
Ownership interest, number of commercial buildings (in commercial buildings) | building	3
Marketable securities	$ 100		$ 100
DownREIT limited partnerships consolidated by company (in partnerships) | partnership	18		18
Communities within DownREIT partnerships (in communities) | community	9		9
Number of previously consolidated co-investments considered VIE (in investments) | investment	6		6
Assets related to variable interest entities net of intercompany eliminations	$ 963,500		$ 956,700
Liabilities related to variable interest entities net of intercompany eliminations	326,100		324,500
Noncontrolling interest in variable interest entity	121,000		121,100
Fixed rate debt carrying amount	6,000,000		5,700,000
Fixed rate debt fair value	5,600,000		5,300,000
Variable rate debt, carrying amount	520,000		520,000
Variable rate debt fair value	518,800		519,000
Capitalized internal costs related to development and redevelopment projects	5,300	$ 4,800
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	32,192		$ 32,205
Gain contingencies from legal settlements	$ 42,500	$ 7,700
Minimum
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Apartment lease term	9 months
Maximum
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Apartment lease term	12 months
Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Operating partnership units outstanding (in shares) | shares	2,258,812		2,258,812
Redemption value of operating partnership units outstanding	$ 553,000		$ 560,000
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	$ 32,192		$ 32,205
Partnership Interest
Real Estate Properties [Line Items]
Ownership interest in partnership	96.60%		96.60%

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Organization and Basis of Presentation - Schedule of Financial Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity securities:
Carrying Value	$ 91,295	$ 87,795
Marketable Securities
Equity securities:
Cost	77,931	77,788
Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)	13,364	10,007
Carrying Value	91,295	87,795
Investment funds - debt securities
Equity securities:
Cost	26,590	26,460
Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)	(1,636)	(1,584)
Carrying Value	24,954	24,876
Common stock, preferred stock, and stock funds
Equity securities:
Cost	51,341	51,328
Gross Unrealized Gain (Loss)	15,000	11,591
Carrying Value	$ 66,341	$ 62,919

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Organization and Basis of Presentation - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at period beginning	$ 5,593,978
Balance at period end	5,723,753
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at period beginning	33,556
Balance at period end	41,279
Change in fair value and amortization of swap settlements
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at period beginning	33,556
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	7,715
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	8
Other comprehensive income	7,723
Balance at period end	41,279
Essex Portfolio, L.P. | Change in fair value and amortization of swap settlements
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at period beginning	38,646
Other comprehensive income before reclassification	7,986
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	9
Other comprehensive income	7,995
Balance at period end	$ 46,641

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Organization and Basis of Presentation - Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 32,205
Reclassification due to change in redemption value and other	(13)
Ending balance	$ 32,192

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Organization and Basis of Presentation - Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash And Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents-unrestricted	$ 499,036	$ 391,749	$ 67,712	$ 33,295
Cash and cash equivalents-restricted	8,834	8,585	9,446	9,386
Total unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents shown in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows	$ 507,870	$ 400,334	$ 77,158	$ 42,681

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Significant Transactions During the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and Subsequent Events (Details)	1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended
	May 01, 2024 USD ($) apartment	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) community apartment	Aug. 31, 2022 USD ($) community	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) community	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment				$ 138,326,000	$ 0
Equity income from co-investments				12,366,000	$ 10,871,000
Apartment Building | Regency Palm Court and Windsor Court
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment		$ 138,300,000
Unsecured Bonds 5.500%, Due April 2034 | Senior Notes
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Debt instrument face amount		$ 350,000,000		$ 350,000,000
Debt instrument, debt offering price, percentage of par value		99.752%		99.752%
Interest rate		5.50%		5.50%
Related Party
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Number of communities owned | community			3
Notes receivable			$ 11,200,000
Notes receivable, interest rate			9.50%
Related Party Bridge Loan On Property Acquired By BEX II | Related Party
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Notes receivable		$ 53,600,000		$ 53,600,000
Related Party Bridge Loan On Property Acquired By BEX II | Related Party | SOFR
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Notes receivable, interest rate		1.50%
Membership Interest In BEXAEW
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Limited partnership interest in partnership investments		49.90%
Number of units acquired | apartment		1,480
Apartment Homes Located in Sunnyvale, CA | Subsequent Event
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Number of units acquired | apartment	75
Commitment to fund preferred equity investment	$ 14,700,000
Repayments of secured debt	46,600,000
Impairment of leasehold	$ 3,700,000
BEXAEW LLC
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Number of communities owned | community		4		4
Number of units acquired | apartment		1,480
Payments to acquire real estate		$ 505,000,000
Debt instrument, repaid, principal		219,900,000
Equity income from co-investments		$ 1,500,000
BEXAEW LLC | Related Party Bridge Loan On Property Acquired By BEX II | Related Party | SOFR
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Notes receivable, interest rate		1.50%
BEXAEW LLC | Membership Interest In BEXAEW
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Limited partnership interest in partnership investments		49.90%

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Revenues - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) community	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	$ 424,215	$ 409,656
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713	2,765
Revenues	$ 426,928	412,421
Apartment communities owned (in communities) | community	253
Rental income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	$ 417,236	404,635
Other property
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	6,979	5,021
Rental and other property revenues
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	424,215	409,656
Rental and other property revenues | Same-property
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	$ 409,819	395,520
Occupancy threshold for classification as stabilized	90.00%
Rental and other property revenues | Acquisitions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	$ 1,598	0
Rental and other property revenues | Redevelopment
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	1,541	1,537
Rental and other property revenues | Non-residential/other, net
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	$ 11,320	12,023
Apartment communities owned (in communities) | community	2
Rental and other property revenues | Straight line rent concession
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	$ (63)	576
Rental and other property revenues | Operating Segments | Southern California
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	176,002	166,877
Rental and other property revenues | Operating Segments | Northern California
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	168,839	163,728
Rental and other property revenues | Operating Segments | Seattle Metro
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	71,913	70,038
Rental and other property revenues | Other real estate assets
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Rental and other property	$ 7,461	$ 9,013

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Revenues - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 0.8	$ 1.0
Deferred revenue, revenue recognized	0.2
Deferred revenue balance from contracts with remaining performance obligations	$ 0.8
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-04-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Percentage of remaining performance obligations due per period	61.00%
Expected timing of performance obligation satisfaction, period	9 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Percentage of remaining performance obligations due per period	32.00%
Expected timing of performance obligation satisfaction, period	2 years

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Co-investments - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) investment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) investment
Investments in and Advance to Affiliates, Subsidiaries, Associates, and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Number of technology co-investments | investment	5	5
Co-investment	$ 50.5	$ 44.2
Co-investment, committed capital	$ 86.0	$ 86.0

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Co-investments - Schedule of Investments (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) community apartment	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) community	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Co-investments	$ 998,769	$ 998,769	$ 996,245
Distributions in excess of investments in co-investments	$ 63,806	$ 63,806	65,488
Apartment communities owned (in communities) | community	253	253
Total operating and other co-investments, net
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Co-investments	$ 446,458	$ 446,458	437,378
Wesco I, Wesco III, Wesco IV, Wesco V, and Wesco VI
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Weighted average company ownership percentage		54.00%
Co-investments	145,918	$ 145,918	144,766
BEXAEW , BEX II, BEX IV, and 500 Folsom
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Weighted average company ownership percentage		50.00%
Co-investments	213,998	$ 213,998	224,119
Other
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Weighted average company ownership percentage		52.00%
Co-investments	86,542	$ 86,542	68,493
Distributions in excess of investments in co-investments	4,200	$ 4,200	3,700
Total development co-investments
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Weighted average company ownership percentage		0.00%
Co-investments	0	$ 0	14,605
Total preferred interest co-investments
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Co-investments	552,311	552,311	544,262
Total preferred interest co-investments | Investments in Majority-owned Subsidiaries
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Co-investments	44,800	44,800	42,700
Wesco I, Wesco III, and Wesco IV
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Distributions in excess of investments in co-investments	$ 59,600	$ 59,600	$ 61,800
Membership Interest In BEXAEW
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Weighted average company ownership percentage	49.90%
Apartment communities owned (in communities) | community	4	4
Number of units acquired | apartment	1,480

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Co-investments - Combined Financial Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity Method Investment, Financial Statement, Reported Amounts [Abstract]
Rental properties and real estate under development	$ 24,631		$ 23,724
Total assets	12,885,185		12,361,427
Debt	7,129,240		6,735,244
Other liabilities	48,321		46,175
Equity	5,723,753	$ 5,796,857	5,593,978	$ 5,895,116
Total liabilities and equity	12,885,185		12,361,427
Equity Method Investment, Summarized Financial Information [Abstract]
Property revenues	426,928	412,421
Interest expense	(55,933)	(51,045)
General and administrative	(17,171)	(15,311)
Net income	285,140	161,594
Related Party | Total co-investment
Equity Method Investment, Summarized Financial Information [Abstract]
Company's share of net income	1,100	2,000
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees
Equity Method Investment, Financial Statement, Reported Amounts [Abstract]
Rental properties and real estate under development	4,739,567		5,123,164
Other assets	295,557		279,237
Total assets	5,035,124		5,402,401
Debt	3,312,158		3,622,609
Other liabilities	312,091		317,208
Equity	1,410,875		1,462,584
Total liabilities and equity	5,035,124		5,402,401
Company's share of equity	998,769		$ 996,245
Equity Method Investment, Summarized Financial Information [Abstract]
Property revenues	106,293	100,593
Property operating expenses	(42,314)	(42,078)
Net operating income	63,979	58,515
Interest expense	(40,943)	(32,684)
General and administrative	(7,563)	(2,980)
Depreciation and amortization	(45,793)	(41,388)
Net income	(30,320)	(18,537)
Company's share of net income	$ 12,366	$ 10,871

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Notes and Other Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Allowance for credit losses	$ (712)	$ (687)
Total notes and other receivables	183,040	174,621
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 11.50%, due November 2024 (Originated November 2020)
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Note receivables	$ 38,801	37,582
Stated interest rate	11.50%
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 9.00%, due October 2025 (Originated October 2021)
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Note receivables	$ 52,550	50,146
Stated interest rate	9.00%
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 12.00%, due August 2024 (Originated August 2022)
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Note receivables	$ 12,116	11,743
Stated interest rate	12.00%
Note receivable, secured, bearing interest at 11.25%, due October 2027 (Originated October 2022)
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Note receivables	$ 35,944	34,929
Stated interest rate	11.25%
Notes and other receivables from affiliates
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Note receivables	$ 5,945	6,111
Allowance for credit losses	(712)	(687)
Straight line rent receivables
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Note receivables	9,246	9,353
Other receivables
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Note receivables	$ 29,150	$ 25,444

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Notes and Other Receivables - Allowance for Credit Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 687
Provision for credit losses	(47)	$ (18)
Ending balance	712
Notes Receivable, Secured
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	687
Provision for credit losses	25
Ending balance	$ 712

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Related Party Transactions (Details)	1 Months Ended							3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2022 USD ($) community	Nov. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2018 USD ($) apartment	May 31, 2018 USD ($) apartment	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payments to acquire preferred equity investments								$ 2,074,000	$ 7,967,000
Notes and other receivables	$ 183,040,000							183,040,000		$ 174,621,000
Apartment home community development development in Burlingame, CA
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Commitment funded amount		$ 11,200,000
Apartment home community in Ventura, CA
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Commitment funded amount				$ 18,300,000				$ 11,000,000
Commitment to fund, amount				$ 13,000,000
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Notes receivable			$ 11,200,000
Notes receivable, interest rate			9.50%
Number of communities owned | community			3
Related Party | Multifamily development community in Mountain View, CA
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payments to acquire preferred equity investments					$ 24,500,000
Preferred return rate					11.00%			9.00%
Related Party | Apartment home community development development in Burlingame, CA
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payments to acquire preferred equity investments						$ 18,600,000
Preferred return rate		11.00%				12.00%		9.00%
Number of units acquired | apartment						268
Related Party | Related Party Bridge Loan On Property Acquired By BEX II
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Notes receivable	$ 53,600,000							$ 53,600,000
Related Party | Related Party Bridge Loan On Property Acquired By BEX II | SOFR
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Notes receivable, interest rate	1.50%
Related Party | Marcus & Millichap Company (MMC)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Brokerage commissions								$ 0	0
Related Party | Marcus & Millichap Company (MMC) | Apartment home community in Ventura, CA
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Preferred return rate							10.25%	9.00%
Number of units acquired | apartment							400
Commitment to fund preferred equity investment							$ 26,500,000
Affiliated Entity
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Notes and other receivables	$ 5,900,000							$ 5,900,000		$ 6,100,000
Management and Other Fees From Affiliates | Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party transaction, amounts of transaction								2,800,000	3,300,000
Revenues from Development and Redevelopment Fees | Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party transaction, amounts of transaction								$ 100,000	$ 500,000

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Debt - Debt Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unsecured debt, net	$ 5,666,604	$ 5,318,531
Mortgage notes payable, net	886,388	887,204
Total debt, net	6,552,992	6,205,735
Unsecured debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unsecured debt, net	$ 5,666,604	$ 5,318,531
Term loan - variable rate, net
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	4.20%	4.20%
Term loan - variable rate, net | Unsecured debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan - variable rate	$ 298,649	$ 298,552
Weighted average maturity	3 years 7 months 6 days
Bonds public offering - fixed rate, net | Unsecured debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unsecured debt, net	$ 5,367,955	5,019,979
Weighted average maturity	7 years 1 month 6 days
Lines of credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Lines of credit	$ 0	$ 0
Weighted average interest rate	6.30%	6.30%
Mortgage notes payable, net
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Mortgage notes payable, net	$ 886,388	$ 887,204
Weighted average interest rate	4.30%	4.30%
Weighted average maturity	7 years 7 months 6 days
Fixed rate public offering bond
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	3.40%	3.30%

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Debt - Debt Summary Footnotes (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) instrument extension_option	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Bonds public offering - fixed rate, net
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized discount (premium), net	$ 6,600,000	$ 6,100,000
Unamortized debt issuance expense	26,800,000	25,300,000
Bonds public offering - fixed rate, net | Unsecured debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument face amount	$ 350,000,000
Bonds public offering - fixed rate, net | Unsecured Bonds 5.500%, Due March 2028 | Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	5.50%
Debt instrument, debt offering price, percentage of par value	99.752%
Lines of credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized debt issuance expense	$ 3,500,000	3,800,000
Number of lines of unsecured credit (in instruments) | instrument	2
Aggregate borrowing capacity	$ 1,240,000,000
Number of extension options (in extensions) | extension_option	2
Extension period	6 months
Lines of credit | Working capital line of credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate borrowing capacity	$ 35,000,000
Lines of credit | SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	0.75%
Lines of credit | SOFR | Working capital line of credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate	0.75%
Mortgage notes payable, net
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized discount (premium), net	$ 300,000	500,000
Unamortized debt issuance expense	$ 3,000,000	$ 3,100,000

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Debt - Future Principal Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 402,347
2025	633,054
2026	549,405
2027	803,955
2028	518,332
Thereafter	3,681,937
Total	$ 6,589,030

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Segment Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) segment	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments | segment	3
Number of operating segments | segment	3
Net operating income	$ 298,349	$ 289,244
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713	2,765
Corporate-level property management expenses	(11,731)	(11,432)
Depreciation and amortization	(139,733)	(136,347)
General and administrative	(17,171)	(15,311)
Expensed acquisition and investment related costs	(68)	(339)
Casualty loss	0	(433)
Gain on sale of real estate and land	0	59,238
Interest expense	(55,933)	(51,045)
Total return swap income	796	1,033
Interest and other income	57,275	12,450
Equity income from co-investments	12,366	10,871
Tax (expense) benefit on unconsolidated co-investments	(49)	900
Gain on remeasurement of co-investment	138,326	0
Net income	285,140	161,594
Net reportable operating segment - real estate assets	10,869,727		$ 10,470,292
Real estate under development	24,631		23,724
Co-investments	1,062,575		1,061,733
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash	507,870	77,158	400,334	$ 42,681
Marketable securities	91,295		87,795
Notes and other receivables	183,040		174,621
Operating lease right-of-use assets	62,858		63,757
Prepaid expenses and other assets	83,189		79,171
Total assets	12,885,185		12,361,427
Rental and Other Property Revenues
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenues	424,215	409,656
Management and other fees from affiliates
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Management and other fees from affiliates	2,713	2,765
Operating Segments | Southern California
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net operating income	124,333	116,942
Net reportable operating segment - real estate assets	4,208,556		3,802,648
Operating Segments | Southern California | Rental and Other Property Revenues
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenues	176,002	166,877
Operating Segments | Northern California
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net operating income	115,679	114,555
Net reportable operating segment - real estate assets	5,192,173		5,242,343
Operating Segments | Northern California | Rental and Other Property Revenues
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenues	168,839	163,728
Operating Segments | Seattle Metro
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net operating income	50,916	49,894
Net reportable operating segment - real estate assets	1,376,656		1,333,030
Operating Segments | Seattle Metro | Rental and Other Property Revenues
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenues	71,913	70,038
Other real estate assets
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net operating income	7,421	7,853
Net reportable operating segment - real estate assets	92,342		$ 92,271
Other real estate assets | Rental and Other Property Revenues
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 7,461	$ 9,013

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Net Income Per Common Share and Net Income Per Common Unit (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Basic:
Net income available to common stockholders	$ 272,731	$ 153,532
Weighted average common shares/units (in shares)	64,205,086	64,458,535
Net income available to common stockholders/unitholders (in dollars per share)	$ 4.25	$ 2.38
Diluted:
Net income available to common stockholders/unitholders	$ 272,731	$ 153,532
Income from continuing operations available to common stockholders (in shares)	64,212,006	64,459,689
Net income available to common stockholders/unitholders (in dollars per share)	$ 4.25	$ 2.38
Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Basic:
Net income available to common stockholders	$ 282,330	$ 158,936
Weighted average common shares/units (in shares)	66,463,899	66,724,428
Net income available to common stockholders/unitholders (in dollars per share)	$ 4.25	$ 2.38
Diluted:
Net income available to common stockholders/unitholders	$ 282,330	$ 158,936
Income from continuing operations available to common stockholders (in shares)	66,470,819	66,725,582
Net income available to common stockholders/unitholders (in dollars per share)	$ 4.25	$ 2.38
Stock options
Basic:
Income effect of dilutive securities	$ 0	$ 0
Effect of dilutive securities (in shares)	6,920	1,154
Diluted:
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount (in shares)	395,585
Stock options | Essex Portfolio, L.P.
Basic:
Income effect of dilutive securities	$ 0	$ 0
Effect of dilutive securities (in shares)	6,920	1,154
Diluted:
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount (in shares)	395,585	476,748
Convertible units
Diluted:
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share, amount (in shares)	2,258,812	2,265,893
Income allocated to convertible OP Units	$ 9,600	$ 5,400

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Unsecured debt
Derivative [Line Items]
Debt instrument face amount	$ 300.0
Interest Rate Swap | Unsecured debt
Derivative [Line Items]
Interest rate	4.20%
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount	$ 300.0
Derivative asset	$ 7.8	$ 4.3