Loans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Loans

Loans

NOTE 8. Loans

The following table sets forth the classification of loans by class, including unearned fees, deferred costs and excluding the allowance for loan losses as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
SBA loans held for investment	$	33,048	$	36,075
SBA PPP loans		28,618		46,450
Commercial loans
SBA 504 loans		27,534		27,479
Commercial other		120,345		109,903
Commercial real estate		728,652		704,674
Commercial real estate construction		103,380		89,670
Residential mortgage loans		427,165		409,355
Consumer loans
Home equity		63,536		65,380
Consumer other		14,166		12,564
Residential construction loans		129,658		120,525
Total loans held for investment	$	1,676,102	$	1,622,075
SBA loans held for sale		25,282		27,373
Total loans	$	1,701,384	$	1,649,448

Loans held for investment are stated at the unpaid principal balance, net of unearned discounts and deferred loan origination fees and costs. In accordance with the level yield method, loan origination fees, net of direct loan origination costs, are deferred and recognized over the estimated life of the related loans as an adjustment to the loan yield. Interest is credited to operations primarily based upon the principal balance outstanding.

Loans are reported as past due when either interest or principal is unpaid in the following circumstances: fixed payment loans when the borrower is in arrears for two or more monthly payments; open end credit for two or more billing cycles; and single payment notes if interest or principal remains unpaid for 30 days or more.

Loans are charged off when collection is sufficiently questionable and when the Company can no longer justify maintaining the loan as an asset on the balance sheet. Loans qualify for charge-off when, after thorough analysis, all possible sources of repayment are insufficient. These include: 1) potential future cash flows, 2) value of collateral, and/or 3) strength of co-makers and guarantors. All unsecured loans are charged off upon the establishment of the loan’s

nonaccrual status. Additionally, all loans classified as a loss or that portion of the loan classified as a loss is charged off. All loan charge-offs are approved by the Board of Directors.

Loans are made to individuals as well as commercial entities. Specific loan terms vary as to interest rate, repayment, and collateral requirements based on the type of loan requested and the credit worthiness of the prospective borrower. Credit risk tends to be geographically concentrated in that a majority of the loan customers are located in the markets serviced by the Bank. Loan performance may be adversely affected by factors impacting the general economy or conditions specific to the real estate market such as geographic location and/or property type. A description of the Company’s different loan segments follows:

SBA Loans: SBA 7(a) loans, on which the SBA has historically provided guarantees of up to 90 percent of the principal balance, are considered a higher risk loan product for the Company than its other loan products. The guaranteed portion of the Company’s SBA loans is generally sold in the secondary market with the nonguaranteed portion held in the portfolio as a loan held for investment. SBA loans are for the purpose of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. Loans are guaranteed by the businesses’ major owners. SBA loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided.

Loans held for sale represent the guaranteed portion of Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans, other than loans originated under the Paycheck Protection Program, and are reflected at the lower of aggregate cost or market value. The net amount of loan origination fees on loans sold is included in the carrying value and in the gain or loss on the sale. When sales of SBA loans do occur, the premium received on the sale and the present value of future cash flows of the servicing assets are recognized in income. All criteria for sale accounting must be met in order for the loan sales to occur; see details under the “Transfers of Financial Assets” heading above.

Servicing assets represent the estimated fair value of retained servicing rights, net of servicing costs, at the time loans are sold. Servicing assets are amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing revenues. Impairment is evaluated based on stratifying the underlying financial assets by date of origination and term. Fair value is determined using prices for similar assets with similar characteristics, when available, or based upon discounted cash flows using market-based assumptions. Any impairment, if temporary, would be reported as a valuation allowance.

Serviced loans sold to others are not included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income and fees collected for loan servicing are credited to noninterest income when earned, net of amortization on the related servicing assets.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law. It contained substantial tax and spending provisions intended to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act included a range of other provisions designed to support the U.S. economy and mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions and their customers, including through the authorization of various relief programs and measures that the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Small Business Administration, the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”) and other federal banking agencies have implemented or may implement.

The CARES Act provided assistance to small businesses through the establishment of the SBA Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"). The PPP provided small businesses with funds to pay up to 24 weeks of payroll costs, including certain benefits. The funds were provided in the form of loans that may be fully or partially forgiven when used for payroll costs, interest on mortgages, rent, and utilities. The payments on these loans were deferred for up to six months. Loans made after June 5, 2020, mature in five years, and loans made prior to June 5, 2020, mature in two years but can be extended to five years if the lender agrees. Forgiveness of the PPP loans is based on the borrower maintaining or quickly rehiring employees and maintaining salary levels. Most small businesses with 500 or fewer employees were eligible. Applications for the PPP loans started on April 3, 2020 and the application period was extended through August 8, 2020. As an existing SBA 7(a) lender, the Company opted to participate in the program. Applications for the renewed PPP loan program started on January 13, 2021 and were available until March 31, 2021.

Commercial Loans: Commercial credit is extended primarily to middle market and small business customers. Commercial loans are generally made in the Company’s market place for the purpose of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. The SBA 504 program consists of real estate backed commercial mortgages where the Company has the first mortgage and the SBA has the second mortgage on the property. Loans will generally be guaranteed in full or for a meaningful amount by the businesses’ major owners. Commercial loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided. Generally, the Company has a 50 percent loan to value ratio on SBA 504 program loans at origination.

Residential Mortgage, Consumer and Residential Construction Loans: The Company originates mortgage and consumer loans including principally residential real estate and home equity lines and loans and residential construction lines. The Company originates qualified mortgages which are generally sold in the secondary market and nonqualified mortgages which are generally held for investment. Each loan type is evaluated on debt to income, type of collateral and loan to collateral value, credit history and the Company’s relationship with the borrower.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, the Company enrolled in the “Upgrade Consumer Unsecured Loan Program” to purchase consumer unsecured loans. This loan product has a fixed rate, a fully amortizing term for up to five years and a maximum loan size of $50 thousand. Restrictions were placed on the loans purchased to limit the purchases to borrowers residing in New Jersey, southern New York, and eastern Pennsylvania and to limit purchases to borrowers with higher credit quality with a 700 FICO minimum. Upgrade services the loans on behalf of the Company. Upgrade is a financial technology company that utilizes artificial intelligence to underwrite personal loan and credit card installment loans to retail customers, in addition to credit monitoring and education tools.

Inherent in the lending function is credit risk, which is the possibility a borrower may not perform in accordance with the contractual terms of their loan. A borrower’s inability to pay their obligations according to the contractual terms can create the risk of past due loans and, ultimately, credit losses, especially on collateral deficient loans. The Company minimizes its credit risk by loan diversification and adhering to credit administration policies and procedures. Due diligence on loans begins when we initiate contact regarding a loan with a borrower. Documentation, including a borrower’s credit history, materials establishing the value and liquidity of potential collateral, the purpose of the loan, the source of funds for repayment of the loan, and other factors, are analyzed before a loan is submitted for approval. The loan portfolio is then subject to on-going internal reviews for credit quality which in part is derived from ongoing collection and review of borrowers’ financial information, as well as independent credit reviews by an outside firm.

The Company’s extension of credit is governed by the Credit Risk Policy which was established to control the quality of the Company’s loans. This policy and the underlying procedures are reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors on a regular basis.

Credit Ratings

For SBA 7(a) and commercial loans, management uses internally assigned risk ratings as the best indicator of credit quality. A loan’s internal risk rating is updated at least annually and more frequently if circumstances warrant a change in risk rating. The Company uses a 1 through 10 loan grading system that follows regulatory accepted definitions.

Pass: Risk ratings of 1 through 6 are used for loans that are performing, as they meet, and are expected to continue to meet, all of the terms and conditions set forth in the original loan documentation, and are generally current on principal and interest payments. These performing loans are termed “Pass”.

Special Mention: Criticized loans are assigned a risk rating of 7 and termed “Special Mention”, as the borrowers exhibit potential credit weaknesses or downward trends deserving management’s close attention. If not checked or corrected, these trends will weaken the Bank’s collateral and position. While potentially weak, these borrowers are currently marginally acceptable and no loss of interest or principal is anticipated. As a result, special mention assets do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Included in “Special Mention” could be turnaround situations, such as borrowers with deteriorating trends beyond one year, borrowers in startup or deteriorating industries, or borrowers with a poor market share in an average industry. "Special Mention" loans may include an element of asset

quality, financial flexibility, or below average management. Management and ownership may have limited depth or experience. Regulatory agencies have agreed on a consistent definition of “Special Mention” as an asset with potential weaknesses which, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date. This definition is intended to ensure that the “Special Mention” category is not used to identify assets that have as their sole weakness credit data exceptions or collateral documentation exceptions that are not material to the repayment of the asset.

Substandard: Classified loans are assigned a risk rating of an 8 or 9, depending upon the prospect for collection, and deemed “Substandard”. A risk rating of 8 is used for borrowers with well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt. The loan is inadequately protected by the current paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Normal repayment from the borrower is in jeopardy, although no loss of principal is envisioned. There is a distinct possibility that a partial loss of interest and/or principal will occur if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified “Substandard”.

A risk rating of 9 is used for borrowers that have all the weaknesses inherent in a loan with a risk rating of 8, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection of debt in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Serious problems exist to the point where partial loss of principal is likely. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important, reasonably specific pending factors that may work to strengthen the assets, the loans’ classification as estimated losses is deferred until a more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures; capital injection; perfecting liens on additional collateral; and refinancing plans. Partial charge-offs are likely.

Loss: Once a borrower is deemed incapable of repayment of unsecured debt, the risk rating becomes a 10, the loan is termed a “Loss”, and charged-off immediately. Loans to such borrowers are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as active assets of the Bank is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off these basically worthless assets even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

For residential mortgage, consumer and residential construction loans, management uses performing versus nonperforming as the best indicator of credit quality. Nonperforming loans consist of loans that are not accruing interest (nonaccrual loans) as a result of principal or interest being in default for a period of 90 days or more or when the ability to collect principal and interest according to the contractual terms is in doubt. These credit quality indicators are updated on an ongoing basis, as a loan is placed on nonaccrual status as soon as management believes there is sufficient doubt as to the ultimate ability to collect interest on a loan.

At March 31, 2022, there were $184 thousand of residential consumer loans in the process of foreclosure, compared to $106 thousand at December 31, 2021.

The tables below detail the Company’s loan portfolio by class according to their credit quality indicators discussed in the paragraphs above as of March 31, 2022:

	March 31, 2022
	SBA & Commercial loans - Internal risk ratings
(In thousands)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Total
SBA loans held for investment	$	31,980	$	735	$	333	$	33,048
SBA PPP loans		28,618		—		—		28,618
Commercial loans
SBA 504 loans		27,534		—		—		27,534
Commercial other		112,554		5,282		2,509		120,345
Commercial real estate		716,912		9,705		2,035		728,652
Commercial real estate construction		103,380		—		—		103,380
Total commercial loans		960,380		14,987		4,544		979,911
Total SBA and commercial loans	$	1,020,978	$	15,722	$	4,877	$	1,041,577
			Residential mortgage, Consumer & Residential construction loans - Performing/Nonperforming
(In thousands)			Performing		Nonperforming		Total
Residential mortgage loans			$	424,166	$	2,999	$	427,165
Consumer loans
Home equity				63,336		200		63,536
Consumer other				14,166		—		14,166
Total consumer loans				77,502		200		77,702
Residential construction loans				126,385		3,273		129,658
Total residential mortgage, consumer and residential construction loans			$	628,053	$	6,472	$	634,525

The tables below detail the Company’s loan portfolio by class according to their credit quality indicators discussed in the paragraphs above as of December 31, 2021:

	December 31, 2021
	SBA & Commercial loans - Internal risk ratings
(In thousands)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Total
SBA loans held for investment	$	34,959	$	745	$	371	$	36,075
SBA PPP loans		46,450		—		—		46,450
Commercial loans
SBA 504 loans		27,479		—		—		27,479
Commercial other		105,388		1,976		2,539		109,903
Commercial real estate		694,627		7,980		2,067		704,674
Commercial real estate construction		86,770		2,900		—		89,670
Total commercial loans		914,264		12,856		4,606		931,726
Total SBA and commercial loans	$	995,673	$	13,601	$	4,977	$	1,014,251
			Residential mortgage, Consumer & Residential construction loans - Performing/Nonperforming
(In thousands)			Performing		Nonperforming		Total
Residential mortgage loans			$	406,093	$	3,262	$	409,355
Consumer loans
Home equity				65,170		210		65,380
Consumer other				12,564		—		12,564
Total consumer loans				77,734		210		77,944
Residential construction loans				117,403		3,122		120,525
Total residential mortgage, consumer and residential construction loans			$	601,230	$	6,594	$	607,824

Nonperforming and Past Due Loans

Nonperforming loans consist of loans that are not accruing interest (nonaccrual loans) as a result of principal or interest being in default for a period of 90 days or more or when the ability to collect principal and interest according to the contractual terms is in doubt. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest are not included in nonperforming loans and generally represent loans that are well collateralized and in the process of collection. When a loan is classified as nonaccrual, interest accruals are discontinued and all past due interest previously recognized as income is reversed and charged against current period earnings. Generally, until the loan becomes current, any payments received from the borrower are applied to outstanding principal until such time as management determines that the financial condition of the borrower and other factors merit recognition of a portion of such payments as interest income. Loans may be returned to an accrual status when the ability to collect is reasonably assured and when the loan is brought current as to principal and interest. The risk of loss is difficult to quantify and is subject to fluctuations in collateral values, general economic conditions and other factors. The Company values its collateral through the use of appraisals, broker price opinions, and knowledge of its local market.

The following tables set forth an aging analysis of past due and nonaccrual loans as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	March 31, 2022
					90+ days
	30‑59 days		60‑89 days		and still				Total past
(In thousands)	past due		past due		accruing		Nonaccrual		due		Current		Total loans
SBA loans held for investment	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	537	$	537	$	32,511	$	33,048
SBA PPP loans		—		—		—		—		—		28,618		28,618
Commercial loans
SBA 504 loans		—		—		—		—		—		27,534		27,534
Commercial other		—		28		—		1,931		1,959		118,386		120,345
Commercial real estate		373		—		—		361		734		727,918		728,652
Commercial real estate construction		—		—		—		—		—		103,380		103,380
Residential mortgage loans		3,772		334		488		2,999		7,593		419,572		427,165
Consumer loans
Home equity		—		427		—		200		627		62,909		63,536
Consumer other		—		—		61		—		61		14,105		14,166
Residential construction loans		1,281		404		—		3,273		4,958		124,700		129,658
Total loans held for investment		5,426		1,193		549		9,301		16,469		1,659,633		1,676,102
SBA loans held for sale		—		—		—		—		—		25,282		25,282
Total loans	$	5,426	$	1,193	$	549	$	9,301	$	16,469	$	1,684,915	$	1,701,384

	December 31, 2021
					90+ days
	30‑59 days		60‑89 days		and still				Total past
(In thousands)	past due		past due		accruing		Nonaccrual		due		Current		Total loans
SBA loans held for investment	$	1,558	$	—	$	—	$	510	$	2,068	$	34,007	$	36,075
SBA PPP loans		—		79		—		—		79		46,371		46,450
Commercial loans
SBA 504 loans		—		—		—		—		—		27,479		27,479
Commercial other		—		33		—		2,216		2,249		107,654		109,903
Commercial real estate		334		565		—		366		1,265		703,409		704,674
Commercial real estate construction		—		—		—		—		—		89,670		89,670
Residential mortgage loans		3,688		—		—		3,262		6,950		402,405		409,355
Consumer loans
Home equity		39		—		—		210		249		65,131		65,380
Consumer other		—		—		—		—		—		12,564		12,564
Residential construction loans		—		845		—		3,122		3,967		116,558		120,525
Total loans held for investment		5,619		1,522		—		9,686		16,827		1,605,248		1,622,075
SBA loans held for sale		—		—		—		—		—		27,373		27,373
Total loans	$	5,619	$	1,522	$	—	$	9,686	$	16,827	$	1,632,621	$	1,649,448

Impaired Loans

The Company has defined impaired loans to be all nonperforming loans individually evaluated for impairment and TDRs. Management considers a loan impaired when, based on current information and events, it is determined that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan contract. Impairment is evaluated on an individual basis for SBA and commercial loans.

Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature (consumer and residential mortgage loans), and on an individual basis for all other loans. Impairment of a loan is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or as a practical expedient, based on a loan’s observable market price or the fair value of collateral, net of estimated costs to sell, if the loan is collateral-dependent. If the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the Company establishes a valuation allowance, or adjusts existing valuation allowances, with a corresponding charge to the provision for loan losses.

The following table provides detail on the Company’s impaired loans that are individually evaluated for impairment with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of March 31, 2022:

	March 31, 2022
	Unpaid
	principal		Recorded		Specific
(In thousands)	balance		investment		reserves
With no related allowance:
SBA loans held for investment	$	634	$	533	$	—
Commercial loans
Commercial other		96		95		—
Commercial real estate		2,327		2,327		—
Total commercial loans		2,423		2,422		—
Residential mortgage loans		1,369		1,369		—
Consumer loans
Home equity		200		200		—
Residential construction loans		2,637		2,637		—
Total impaired loans with no related allowance		7,263		7,161		—
With an allowance:
SBA loans held for investment		34		4		4
Commercial loans
Commercial other		2,287		2,223		2,223
Commercial real estate		961		127		126
Total commercial loans		3,248		2,350		2,349
Residential mortgage loans		1,777		1,777		224
Consumer loans
Home equity		427		427		56
Residential construction loans		636		636		219
Total impaired loans with a related allowance		6,122		5,194		2,852
Total individually evaluated impaired loans:
SBA loans held for investment		668		537		4
Commercial loans
Commercial other		2,383		2,318		2,223
Commercial real estate		3,288		2,454		126
Total commercial loans		5,671		4,772		2,349
Residential mortgage loans		3,146		3,146		224
Consumer loans
Home equity		627		627		56
Residential construction loans		3,273		3,273		219
Total individually evaluated impaired loans	$	13,385	$	12,355	$	2,852

The following table provides detail on the Company’s impaired loans that are individually evaluated for impairment with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of December 31, 2021:

	December 31, 2021
	Unpaid
	principal		Recorded		Specific
(In thousands)	balance		investment		reserves
With no related allowance:
SBA loans held for investment	$	606	$	506	$	—
Commercial loans
Commercial other		71		70
Commercial real estate		1,493		1,493		—
Total commercial loans		1,564		1,563		—
Residential mortgage loans		1,630		1,630		—
Consumer loans
Home equity		210		210		—
Residential construction loans		2,636		2,636		—
Total impaired loans with no related allowance		6,646		6,545		—
With an allowance:
SBA loans held for investment		35		4		4
Commercial loans
Commercial other		2,832		2,531		2,490
Commercial real estate		973		126		125
Total commercial loans		3,805		2,657		2,615
Residential mortgage loans		1,632		1,632		80
Consumer loans
Home Equity		427		427		56
Residential construction loans		486		486		68
Total impaired loans with a related allowance		6,385		5,206		2,823
Total individually evaluated impaired loans:
SBA loans held for investment		641		510		4
Commercial loans
Commercial other		2,903		2,601		2,490
Commercial real estate		2,466		1,619		125
Total commercial loans		5,369		4,220		2,615
Residential mortgage loans		3,262		3,262		80
Consumer loans
Home equity		637		637		56
Residential construction loans		3,122		3,122		68
Total individually evaluated impaired loans	$	13,031	$	11,751	$	2,823

The following tables present the average recorded investments in impaired loans and the related amount of interest received during the time period in which the loans were impaired for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. The average balances are calculated based on the month-end balances of impaired loans. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method, and therefore no interest income is recognized.

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2022				2021
							Interest
			Interest				income
	Average		received		Average		recognized
	recorded		on impaired		recorded		on impaired
(In thousands)	investment		loans		investment		loans
SBA loans held for investment	$	520	$	17	$	1,901	$	16
Commercial loans
Commercial other		2,188		23		374		3
Commercial real estate		2,502		22		2,237		56
Residential mortgage loans		2,827		12		5,561		—
Consumer loans
Home equity		572		12		701		18
Residential construction loans		4,203		33		2,610		10
Total	$	12,812	$	119	$	13,384	$	103

TDRs

The Company’s loan portfolio also includes certain loans that have been modified as TDRs. TDRs occur when a creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to a debtor’s financial condition, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider, unless it results in a delay in payment that is insignificant. These concessions typically include reductions in interest rate, extending the maturity of a loan, or a combination of both. Interest income on accruing TDRs is credited to operations primarily based upon the principal amount outstanding Under the CARES Act and regulatory guidance issued in regards to the COVID-19 pandemic, loan payment deferrals for periods of up to 180 days granted to borrowers adversely effected by the pandemic are not considered TDR’s if the borrower was current on its loan payments at year end 2019 or until the deferral was granted. When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates for any possible impairment using either the discounted cash flows method, where the value of the modified loan is based on the present value of expected cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or by using the fair value of the collateral less selling costs if the loan is collateral-dependent. If management determines that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized by segment or class of loan, as applicable, through an allowance estimate or charge-off to the allowance. This process is used, regardless of loan type, and for loans modified as TDRs that subsequently default on their modified terms.

TDRs of $1.9 million and $1.1 million are included in the impaired loan numbers as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The increase in TDRs was due to the addition of two loans, partially offset by principal pay downs. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no specific reserves on the TDRs. The TDRs are in accrual status since they are performing in accordance with the restructured terms. There are no commitments to lend additional funds on these loans.

There were two loans modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2022. There were two loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2021 that were deemed to be TDRs. The following table details loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2022, including the number of modifications and the recorded investment at the time of the modification:

	For the three months ended March 31, 2022
	Number of	Recorded investment
(In thousands, except number of contracts)	contracts	at time of modification
Home equity	2	$	882
Total	2	$	882

To date, the Company’s TDRs consisted of principal reduction, interest only periods and maturity extensions. There were no loans modified as a TDR within the previous 12 months that subsequently defaulted at some point during the three months ended March 31, 2022. In this case, the subsequent default is defined as 90 days past due or transferred to nonaccrual status.