Borrowed Funds and Subordinated Debentures

The following table presents the period-end and average balances of borrowed funds and subordinated debentures for the past three years with resultant rates:



	2019				2018				2017
(In thousands)	Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate
FHLB borrowings and repurchase agreements:
At December 31,	$	283,000	1.74	%	$	210,000	2.31	%	$	260,000	1.59	%
Year-to-date average	103,201		1.85		121,970		1.78		110,420		1.75
Maximum outstanding	283,000				238,000				260,000
Repurchase agreements:
At December 31,	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	15,000	3.67	%
Year-to-date average	—		—		2,384		3.67		15,000		3.67
Maximum outstanding	—				15,000				15,000
Subordinated debentures:
At December 31,	$	10,310	3.33	%	$	10,310	2.40	%	$	10,310	2.40	%
Year-to-date average	10,310		3.50		10,310		2.40		10,310		2.40
Maximum outstanding	10,310				10,310				10,310

The following table presents the expected maturities of borrowed funds and subordinated debentures over the next five years:



(In thousands)	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Thereafter		Total
FHLB borrowings	$	243,000	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	40,000	$	—	$	283,000
Subordinated debentures	—		—		—		—		—		10,310		10,310
Total borrowings	$	283,000	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	40,000	$	10,310	$	293,310

FHLB Borrowings

FHLB borrowings at December 31, 2019 included a $193.0 million overnight line of credit advance, compared to $160.0 million at December 31, 2018. FHLB borrowings at December 31, 2019 also consisted of one $40.0 million fixed rate advance, two $20.0 million advances, and one $10.0 million advance. Comparatively, FHLB borrowings at December 31, 2018 consisted of two $20.0 million advances and one $10.0 million advance. The terms of these transactions at year end 2019 are as follows:


•	A $193.0 million FHLB overnight line of credit advance issued on December 31, 2019 was at a rate of 1.810% and was repaid on January 2, 2020.


•	A $20.0 million FHLB advance that was issued on December 9, 2019 and has an adjustable interest rate equal to 3 month LIBOR plus 0.025% that matures on June 9, 2020. This borrowing was swapped to a 5 year fixed rate borrowing at 1.755%.


•	A $40.0 million FHLB advance that was issued on August 22, 2019 and has a fixed interest rate at 1.810% that matures on August 22, 2024.


•	A $10.0 million FHLB advance that was issued on August 16, 2019 and has an adjustable interest rate equal to 3 month LIBOR plus 0.140% that matured on February 18, 2020. This borrowing was swapped to a 5 year fixed rate borrowing at 1.243%.


•	A $20.0 million FHLB advance that was issued on July 5, 2019 and has an adjustable interest rate equal to 3 month LIBOR plus 0.150% that matured on January 6, 2020. This borrowing was swapped to a 5 year fixed rate borrowing at 1.198%.

Subordinated Debentures

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company was a party in the following subordinated debenture transactions:

•

On July 24, 2006, Unity (NJ) Statutory Trust II, a statutory business trust and wholly-owned subsidiary of Unity Bancorp, Inc., issued $10.0 million of floating rate capital trust pass through securities to investors due on July 24, 2036. The subordinated debentures are redeemable in whole or part, prior to maturity but after July 24, 2011. The floating interest rate on the subordinated debentures is the three-month LIBOR plus 159 basis points and reprices quarterly. The floating interest rate was 3.518% at December 31, 2019 and 4.414% at December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2018, the subordinated debentures had a swap instrument which modified the borrowing to a 3 year fixed rate borrowing at 2.475%. The swap instrument matured on February 16, 2019. A new swap instrument was implemented on July 5, 2019, which modifies the borrowing to a 3 year fixed rate at 3.435%.


•	In connection with the formation of the statutory business trust, the trust also issued $465 thousand of common equity securities to the Company, which together with the proceeds stated above were used to purchase the subordinated debentures, under the same terms and conditions. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, $310 thousand of the common equity securities remained.

The capital securities in the above transaction have preference over the common securities with respect to liquidation and other distributions and qualify as Tier I capital. Under the terms of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, these securities will continue to qualify as Tier 1 capital as the Company has less than $10 billion in assets. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 810, “Consolidation,” the Company does not consolidate the accounts and related activity of Unity (NJ) Statutory Trust II because it is not the primary beneficiary. The additional capital from this transaction was used to bolster the Company’s capital ratios and for general corporate purposes, including among other things, capital contributions to the Bank.

The Company has the ability to defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures for up to 5 years without being in default. Due to the redemption provisions of these securities, the expected maturity could differ from the contractual maturity.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company has a stand alone derivative financial instrument in the form of an interest rate swap agreement, which derives its value from underlying interest rates. This transaction involves both credit and market risk. The notional amounts are amounts on which calculations, payments, and the value of the derivative is based. Notional amounts do not represent direct credit exposures. Direct credit exposure is limited to the net difference between the calculated amounts to be received and paid, if any. Such difference, which represents the fair value of the derivative instrument, is reflected on the Company’s balance sheet as other assets or other liabilities.

The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to this agreement. The Company controls the credit risk of its financial contracts through credit approvals, limits and monitoring procedures, and does not expect any counterparties to fail their obligations. The Company deals only with primary dealers.

Derivative instruments are generally either negotiated OTC contracts or standardized contracts executed on a recognized exchange. Negotiated OTC derivative contracts are generally entered into between two counterparties that negotiate specific agreement terms, including the underlying instrument, amount, exercise prices and maturity.

Risk Management Policies – Hedging Instruments

The primary focus of the Company’s asset/liability management program is to monitor the sensitivity of the Company’s net portfolio value and net income under varying interest rate scenarios to take steps to control its risks. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates the effectiveness of entering into any derivative agreement by measuring the cost of such an agreement in relation to the reduction in net portfolio value and net income volatility within an assumed range of interest rates.

Interest Rate Risk Management – Cash Flow Hedging Instruments

The Company has FHLB Adjustable Rate Credit (“ARC”) variable rate debt as a source of funds for use in the Company’s lending and investment activities and for other general business purposes. These debt obligations expose the Company to variability in interest payments due to changes in interest rates. If interest rates increase, interest expense increases. Conversely, if interest rates decrease, interest expense decreases. Management believes it is prudent to limit the variability of a portion of its interest payments and, therefore hedges its variable-rate interest payments. To meet this objective, management enters into interest rate swap agreements whereby the Company receives variable interest rate payments and makes fixed interest rate payments during the contract period.

The Company had interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedging instruments with a notional amount of $60.0 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. On February 16, 2019, a $10.0 million swap instrument matured, resulting in a reduction in fair value of $27 thousand. On July 5, 2019, the Company entered into a new swap agreement with a notional value of $10.0 million. A summary of the Company's outstanding interest rate swap agreements used to hedge variable rate debt at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively is as follows:



(In thousands, except percentages, years and contracts)	2019			2018
Notional amount	$	60,000		$	60,000
Fair value	238			1,433
Weighted average pay rate	1.42		%	1.26		%
Weighted average receive rate	2.19		%	1.88		%
Weighted average maturity in years	1.25			2.36
Number of contracts	4			4

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received variable rate LIBOR payments from and paid fixed rates in accordance with its interest rate swap agreements. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the unrealized gains relating to interest rate swaps are recorded as a derivative asset and are included in Prepaid expenses and other assets in the Company's Balance Sheet, and the unrealized losses are recorded as a derivative liability and are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities. Changes in the fair value of interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments of the variability of cash flows associated with long-term debt are reported in other comprehensive income (loss). The following table presents the net (losses) gains recorded in other comprehensive income and the consolidated financial statements relating to the cash flow derivative instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively:



	For the years ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
(Decrease) increase in the fair value of interest rate swaps	$	(1,195	)	$	25