Note 8. Loans

The following table sets forth the classification of loans by class, including unearned fees, deferred costs and excluding the allowance for loan losses as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:


(In thousands)	March 31, 2014		December 31, 2013
SBA loans held for investment	$	47,737	$	48,918
SBA 504 loans		33,550		31,564
Commercial loans
Commercial other		35,959		37,611
Commercial real estate		325,131		317,471
Commercial real estate construction		7,819		8,258
Residential mortgage loans		180,129		182,067
Consumer loans
Home equity		44,922		43,704
Consumer other		2,187		2,435
Total loans held for investment	$	677,434	$	672,028
SBA loans held for sale		6,517		6,673
Total loans	$	683,951	$	678,701

Loans are made to individuals as well as commercial entities. Specific loan terms vary as to interest rate, repayment, and collateral requirements based on the type of loan requested and the credit worthiness of the prospective borrower. Credit risk, excluding SBA loans, tends to be geographically concentrated in that a majority of the loan customers are located in the markets serviced by the Bank. As a preferred SBA lender, a portion of the SBA portfolio is to borrowers outside the Company’s lending area. However, during late 2008, the Company withdrew from SBA lending outside of its primary trade area, but continues to offer SBA loan products as an additional credit product within its primary trade area. Loan performance may be adversely affected by factors impacting the general economy or conditions specific to the real estate market such as geographic location and/or property type. A description of the Company's different loan segments follows:

SBA Loans: SBA 7(a) loans, on which the SBA has historically provided guarantees of up to 90 percent of the principal balance, are considered a higher risk loan product for the Company than its other loan products. The guaranteed portion of the Company’s SBA loans is generally sold in the secondary market with the nonguaranteed portion held in the portfolio as a loan held for investment. SBA loans are for the purpose of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. Loans are guaranteed by the businesses' major owners. SBA loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided.

SBA 504 Loans: The SBA 504 program consists of real estate backed commercial mortgages where the Company has the first mortgage and the SBA has the second mortgage on the property. SBA 504 loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided. Generally, the Company has a 50 percent loan to value ratio on SBA 504 program loans at origination.

Commercial Loans: Commercial credit is extended primarily to middle market and small business customers. Commercial loans are generally made in the Company’s market place for the purpose of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. Loans will generally be guaranteed in full or for a meaningful amount by the businesses' major owners. Commercial loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided.

Residential Mortgage and Consumer Loans: The Company originates mortgage and consumer loans including principally residential real estate and home equity lines and loans. Each loan type is evaluated on debt to income, type of collateral and loan to collateral value, credit history and Company relationship with the borrower.

Inherent in the lending function is credit risk, which is the possibility a borrower may not perform in accordance with the contractual terms of their loan. A borrower’s inability to pay their obligations according to the contractual terms can create the risk of past due loans and, ultimately, credit losses, especially on collateral deficient loans. The Company minimizes its credit risk by loan diversification and adhering to credit administration policies and procedures. Due diligence on loans begins when we initiate contact regarding a loan with a borrower. Documentation, including a borrower’s credit history, materials establishing the value and liquidity of potential collateral, the purpose of the loan, the source of funds for repayment of the loan, and other factors, are analyzed before a loan is submitted for approval. The loan portfolio is then subject to on-going internal reviews for credit quality, as well as independent credit reviews by an outside firm.

The Company's extension of credit is governed by the Credit Risk Policy which was established to control the quality of the Company's loans. These policies and procedures are reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors on a regular basis.

Credit Ratings

For SBA 7(a), SBA 504 and commercial loans, management uses internally assigned risk ratings as the best indicator of credit quality. A loan’s internal risk rating is updated at least annually and more frequently if circumstances warrant a change in risk rating. The Company uses a 1 through 10 loan grading system that follows regulatory accepted definitions.

Pass: Risk ratings of 1 through 6 are used for loans that are performing, as they meet, and are expected to continue to meet, all of the terms and conditions set forth in the original loan documentation, and are generally current on principal and interest payments. These performing loans are termed “Pass”.

Special Mention: Criticized loans are assigned a risk rating of 7 and termed “Special Mention”, as the borrowers exhibit potential credit weaknesses or downward trends deserving management’s close attention. If not checked or corrected, these trends will weaken the Bank’s collateral and position. While potentially weak, these borrowers are currently marginally acceptable and no loss of interest or principal is anticipated. As a result, special mention assets do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Included in “Special Mention” could be turnaround situations, such as borrowers with deteriorating trends beyond one year, borrowers in startup or deteriorating industries, or borrowers with a poor market share in an average industry. "Special Mention" loans may include an element of asset quality, financial flexibility, or below average management. Management and ownership may have limited depth or experience. Regulatory agencies have agreed on a consistent definition of “Special Mention” as an asset with potential weaknesses which, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date. This definition is intended to ensure that the “Special Mention” category is not used to identify assets that have as their sole weakness credit data exceptions or collateral documentation exceptions that are not material to the repayment of the asset.

Substandard: Classified loans are assigned a risk rating of an 8 or 9, depending upon the prospect for collection, and deemed “Substandard”. A risk rating of 8 is used for borrowers with well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt. The loan is inadequately protected by the current paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Normal repayment from the borrower is in jeopardy, although no loss of principal is envisioned. There is a distinct possibility that a partial loss of interest and/or principal will occur if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified “Substandard”.

A risk rating of 9 is used for borrowers that have all the weaknesses inherent in a loan with a risk rating of 8, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection of debt in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Serious problems exist to the point where partial loss of principal is likely. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important, reasonably specific pending factors that may work to strengthen the assets, the loans’ classification as estimated losses is deferred until a more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures; capital injection; perfecting liens on additional collateral; and refinancing plans. Partial charge-offs are likely.

Loss: Once a borrower is deemed incapable of repayment of unsecured debt, the risk rating becomes a 10, the loan is termed a “Loss”, and charged-off immediately. Loans to such borrowers are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as active assets of the Bank is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off these basically worthless assets even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

For residential mortgage and consumer loans, management uses performing versus nonperforming as the best indicator of credit quality. Nonperforming loans consist of loans that are not accruing interest (nonaccrual loans) as a result of principal or interest being in default for a period of 90 days or more or when the ability to collect principal and interest according to the contractual terms is in doubt. These credit quality indicators are updated on an ongoing basis, as a loan is placed on nonaccrual status as soon as management believes there is sufficient doubt as to the ultimate ability to collect interest on a loan.

The tables below detail the Company’s loan portfolio by class according to their credit quality indicators discussed in the paragraphs above as of March 31, 2014:


	March 31, 2014
	SBA, SBA 504 & Commercial loans - Internal risk ratings
(In thousands)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Total
SBA loans held for investment	$	42,260	$	2,083	$	3,394	$	47,737
SBA 504 loans		23,403		9,504		643		33,550
Commercial loans
Commercial other		29,226		1,479		5,254		35,959
Commercial real estate		303,528		21,262		341		325,131
Commercial real estate construction		7,642		-		177		7,819
Total commercial loans		340,396		22,741		5,772		368,909
Total SBA, SBA 504 and commercial loans	$	406,059	$	34,328	$	9,809	$	450,196

	Residential mortgage & Consumer loans - Performing/Nonperforming
(In thousands)			Performing		Nonperforming		Total
Residential mortgage loans			$	175,141	$	4,988	$	180,129
Consumer loans
Home equity				43,538		1,384		44,922
Consumer other				2,187		-		2,187
Total consumer loans				45,725		1,384		47,109
Total residential mortgage and consumer loans			$	220,866	$	6,372	$	227,238

The tables below detail the Company’s loan portfolio by class according to their credit quality indicators discussed in the paragraphs above as of December 31, 2013:


	December 31, 2013
	SBA, SBA 504 & Commercial loans - Internal risk ratings
(In thousands)	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Total
SBA loans held for investment	$	43,778	$	2,035	$	3,105	$	48,918
SBA 504 loans		20,641		9,595		1,328		31,564
Commercial loans
Commercial other		34,946		1,499		1,166		37,611
Commercial real estate		289,220		21,137		7,114		317,471
Commercial real estate construction		8,081		-		177		8,258
Total commercial loans		332,247		22,636		8,457		363,340
Total SBA, SBA 504 and commercial loans	$	396,666	$	34,266	$	12,890	$	443,822

	Residential mortgage & Consumer loans - Performing/Nonperforming
(In thousands)			Performing		Nonperforming		Total
Residential mortgage loans			$	176,340	$	5,727	$	182,067
Consumer loans
Home equity				42,029		1,675		43,704
Consumer other				2,430		5		2,435
Total consumer loans				44,459		1,680		46,139
Total residential mortgage and consumer loans			$	220,799	$	7,407	$	228,206

Nonperforming and Past Due Loans

Nonperforming loans consist of loans that are not accruing interest (nonaccrual loans) as a result of principal or interest being in default for a period of 90 days or more or when the ability to collect principal and interest according to the contractual terms is in doubt. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest are not included in nonperforming loans and generally represent loans that are well collateralized and in a continuing process expected to result in repayment or restoration to current status. The risk of loss is difficult to quantify and is subject to fluctuations in collateral values, general economic conditions and other factors. The current state of the economy and the downturn in the real estate market has resulted in increased loan delinquencies and defaults. In some cases, these factors have also resulted in significant impairment to the value of loan collateral. The Company values its collateral through the use of appraisals, broker price opinions, and knowledge of its local market. In response to the credit risk in its portfolio, the Company has increased staffing in its credit monitoring department and increased efforts in the collection and analysis of borrowers’ financial statements and tax returns.

The following tables set forth an aging analysis of past due and nonaccrual loans as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:


	March 31, 2014
(In thousands)	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		90+ days and still accruing		Nonaccrual (1)		Total past due		Current		Total loans
SBA loans held for investment	$	1,531	$	-	$	-	$	3,876	$	5,407	$	42,330	$	47,737
SBA 504 loans		-		-		-		424		424		33,126		33,550
Commercial loans
Commercial other		7		-		-		67		74		35,885		35,959
Commercial real estate		155		-		-		1,130		1,285		323,846		325,131
Commercial real estate construction		938		-		-		177		1,115		6,704		7,819
Residential mortgage loans		1,218		278		5		4,988		6,489		173,640		180,129
Consumer loans
Home equity		311		94		-		1,384		1,789		43,133		44,922
Consumer other		8		-		-		-		8		2,179		2,187
Total loans held for investment	$	4,168	$	372	$	5	$	12,046	$	16,591	$	660,843	$	677,434
SBA loans held for sale		60		-		-		-		60		6,457		6,517
Total loans	$	4,228	$	372	$	5	$	12,046	$	16,651	$	667,300	$	683,951

(1)

At March 31, 2014, nonaccrual loans included $448 thousand of troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") and $1.3 million of loans guaranteed by the SBA. The remaining $7.4 million of TDRs are in accrual status because they are performing in accordance with their restructured terms.


	December 31, 2013
(In thousands)	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		90+ days and still accruing		Nonaccrual (1)		Total past due		Current		Total loans
SBA loans held for investment	$	4,314	$	264	$	-	$	2,746	$	7,324	$	41,594	$	48,918
SBA 504 loans		-		-		-		1,101		1,101		30,463		31,564
Commercial loans
Commercial other		123		-		-		67		190		37,421		37,611
Commercial real estate		347		190		14		3,785		4,336		313,135		317,471
Commercial real estate construction		-		-		-		177		177		8,081		8,258
Residential mortgage loans		3,050		-		5		5,727		8,782		173,285		182,067
Consumer loans
Home equity		142		69		-		1,675		1,886		41,818		43,704
Consumer other		9		1		-		5		15		2,420		2,435
Total loans held for investment	$	7,985	$	524	$	19	$	15,283	$	23,811	$	648,217	$	672,028
SBA loans held for sale		65		-		-		-		65		6,608		6,673
Total loans	$	8,050	$	524	$	19	$	15,283	$	23,876	$	654,825	$	678,701

(1)

At December 31, 2013, nonaccrual loans included $467 thousand of TDRs and $540 thousand of loans guaranteed by the SBA. The remaining $7.5 million of TDRs are in accrual status because they are performing in accordance with their restructured terms.

Impaired Loans

The Company has defined impaired loans to be all nonperforming loans individually evaluated for impairment and troubled debt restructurings. Management considers a loan impaired when, based on current information and events, it is determined that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan contract. Impairment is evaluated on an individual basis for SBA, SBA 504, and commercial loans.

The following table provides detail on the Company’s impaired loans that are individually evaluated for impairment with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of March 31, 2014:


	March 31, 2014
(In thousands)	Unpaid principal balance		Recorded investment		Specific reserves
With no related allowance:
SBA loans held for investment (1)	$	683	$	460	$	-
SBA 504 loans		2,237		2,237		-
Commercial loans
Commercial other		56		55		-
Commercial real estate		5,493		5,463		-
Total commercial loans		5,549		5,518		-
Total impaired loans with no related allowance		8,469		8,215		-

With an allowance:
SBA loans held for investment (1)		2,802		2,626		925
Commercial loans
Commercial other		24		12		12
Commercial real estate		787		687		166
Commercial real estate construction		202		177		36
Total commercial loans		1,013		876		214
Total impaired loans with a related allowance		3,815		3,502		1,139

Total individually evaluated impaired loans:
SBA loans held for investment (1)		3,485		3,086		925
SBA 504 loans		2,237		2,237		-
Commercial loans
Commercial other		80		67		12
Commercial real estate		6,280		6,150		166
Commercial real estate construction		202		177		36
Total commercial loans		6,562		6,394		214
Total individually evaluated impaired loans	$	12,284	$	11,717	$	1,139

(1)

Balances are reduced by amount guaranteed by the SBA of $1.3 million at March 31, 2014.

The following table provides detail on the Company’s impaired loans that are individually evaluated for impairment with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of December 31, 2013:


	December 31, 2013
(In thousands)	Unpaid principal balance		Recorded investment		Specific reserves
With no related allowance:
SBA loans held for investment (1)	$	1,123	$	835	$	-
SBA 504 loans		2,251		2,251		-
Commercial loans
Commercial other		56		55		-
Commercial real estate		6,116		5,969		-
Total commercial loans		6,172		6,024		-
Total impaired loans with no related allowance		9,546		9,110		-

With an allowance:
SBA loans held for investment (1)		2,282		1,905		831
SBA 504 loans		1,277		677		29
Commercial loans
Commercial other		24		12		12
Commercial real estate		3,557		2,907		230
Commercial real estate construction		202		177		36
Total commercial loans		3,783		3,096		278
Total impaired loans with a related allowance		7,342		5,678		1,138

Total individually evaluated impaired loans:
SBA loans held for investment (1)		3,405		2,740		831
SBA 504 loans		3,528		2,928		29
Commercial loans
Commercial other		80		67		12
Commercial real estate		9,673		8,876		230
Commercial real estate construction		202		177		36
Total commercial loans		9,955		9,120		278
Total individually evaluated impaired loans	$	16,888	$	14,788	$	1,138

(1)

Balances are reduced by amount guaranteed by the SBA of $540 thousand at December 31, 2013.

The following tables present the average recorded investments in impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized during the time period in which the loans were impaired for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013. The average balances are calculated based on the month-end balances of impaired loans. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is on nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method, therefore no interest income is recognized. The interest income recognized on impaired loans noted below represents primarily accruing troubled debt restructurings and nominal amounts of income recognized on a cash basis for well-collateralized impaired loans.


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2014				2013
(In thousands)	Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized on impaired loans		Average recorded investment		Interest income recognized on impaired loans
SBA loans held for investment (1)	$	3,050	$	36	$	3,542	$	57
SBA 504 loans		2,698		27		7,485		88
Commercial loans
Commercial other		67		1		2,042		61
Commercial real estate		8,031		74		11,026		83
Commercial real estate construction		177		-		135		-
Total	$	14,023	$	138	$	24,230	$	289

(1)

Balances are reduced by the average amount guaranteed by the Small Business Administration of $820 thousand and $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The Company's loan portfolio also includes certain loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). TDRs occur when a creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to a debtor’s financial condition, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider, unless it results in a delay in payment that is insignificant. These concessions typically include reductions in interest rate, extending the maturity of a loan, or a combination of both. When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates for any possible impairment using either the discounted cash flows method, where the value of the modified loan is based on the present value of expected cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or by using the fair value of the collateral less selling costs if the loan is collateral-dependent. If management determines that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized by segment or class of loan, as applicable, through an allowance estimate or charge-off to the allowance. This process is used, regardless of loan type, and for loans modified as TDRs that subsequently default on their modified terms.

TDRs of $7.8 million and $7.9 million are included in the impaired loan numbers as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Specific reserves for these TDRs were $467 thousand and $363 thousand as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. At March 31, 2014, $448 thousand of TDRs were in nonaccrual status, compared to $467 thousand at December 31, 2013. The remaining TDRs are in accrual status since they continue to perform in accordance with their restructured terms.

The following table details loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, including the number of modifications and the recorded investment at the time of the modification.


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2014				2013
(In thousands, except number of contracts)	Number of contracts		Recorded investment at time of modification		Number of contracts		Recorded investment at time of modification
Commercial real estate	$	-	$	-	$	1	$	2,684
Total	$	-	$	-	$	1	$	2,684

There were no loans modified as a TDR within the previous 12 months where a concession was made and the loan subsequently defaulted at some point during the three months ended March 31, 2014 or 2013. In this case, the subsequent default is defined as 90 days past due or transferred to nonaccrual status.

To date, the Company’s TDRs consisted of interest rate reductions and maturity extensions. There has been no principal forgiveness. There were no TDR modifications done during the three months ended March 31, 2014. The following table shows the types of modifications done during the three months ended March 31, 2013, with the respective loan balances as of the period ending:


	For the three months ended March 31, 2013
(In thousands)	Commercial real estate		Total
Type of modification:
Interest only with reduced interest rate	$	2,684	$	2,684
Total TDRs	$	2,684	$	2,684