UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: June 30, 2024

OR 

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                           to                           

Commission file number: 1-13429

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Delaware	94-3196943
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation	(I.R.S. Employer
or organization)	Identification No.)

5956 W. Las Positas Blvd., Pleasanton, CA 94588

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) 

(925) 560-9000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	SSD	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ý  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

  Yes ý  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Large accelerated filer	ý	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐  No ý

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of August 2, 2024: 42,162,738

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1 - Financial Statements
		Page No.
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of June 30, 2024, 2023 and December 31, 2023	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income (unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		24
Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk		35
Item 4 - Controls and Procedures		36
Part II - Other Information
Item 1 - Legal Proceedings		37
Item 1A - Risk Factors		37
Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		37
Item 3 - Defaults Upon Senior Securities		37
Item 4 - Mine Safety Disclosures		37
Item 5 - Other Information		38
Item 6 - Exhibits		39

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, unaudited)

	June 30,				December 31,
	2024		2023		2023
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	354,851	$	407,982	$	429,822
Trade accounts receivable, net	377,584		387,917		283,975
Inventories	533,625		523,561		551,575
Other current assets	65,016		53,344		47,069
Total current assets	1,331,076		1,372,804		1,312,441
Property, plant and equipment, net	459,297		375,240		418,612
Operating lease right-of-use assets	84,305		63,358		68,792
Goodwill	497,990		495,065		502,550
Intangible assets, net	352,496		369,649		365,339
Other noncurrent assets	48,197		43,233		36,990
Total assets	$	2,773,361	$	2,719,349	$	2,704,724
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
Trade accounts payable	$	104,670	$	97,847	$	107,524
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities	233,155		276,601		231,233
Long-term debt, current portion	22,500		22,500		22,500
Total current liabilities	360,325		396,948		361,257
Operating lease liabilities	69,223		51,560		55,324
Long-term debt, net of issuance costs	448,171		544,309		458,791
Deferred income tax	93,098		104,113		98,170
Other long-term liabilities	37,743		38,808		51,436
Total liabilities	1,008,560		1,135,738		1,024,978
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, at par value	424		426		426
Additional paid-in capital	313,323		301,612		313,119
Retained earnings	1,526,192		1,290,686		1,426,554
Treasury stock	(50,257)		—		(50,363)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(24,881)		(9,113)		(9,990)
Total stockholders’ equity	1,764,801		1,583,611		1,679,746
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,773,361	$	2,719,349	$	2,704,724

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

4

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income

(In thousands except per-share amounts, unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net sales	$	596,978	$	597,580	$	1,127,557	$	1,132,010
Cost of sales	318,431		310,114		604,456		591,669
Gross profit	278,547		287,466		523,101		540,341
Operating expenses:
Research and development and other engineering	22,708		21,538		44,626		42,284
Selling	55,918		50,438		110,417		99,106
General and administrative	66,383		68,767		136,577		132,474
Total operating expenses	145,009		140,743		291,620		273,864
Acquisition and integration related costs	1,590		1,859		3,636		3,301
Net gain on disposal of assets	(238)		(157)		(436)		(207)
Income from operations	132,186		145,021		228,281		263,383
Interest income (expense), net and other finance costs	2,092		(705)		2,443		(1,274)
Other & foreign exchange gain (loss), net	(1,588)		357		381		(42)
Income before taxes	132,690		144,673		231,105		262,067
Provision for income taxes	34,859		37,462		57,847		66,903
Net income	$	97,831	$	107,211	$	173,258	$	195,164
Other comprehensive income
Translation adjustments	(2,268)		(48)		(21,911)		4,509
Unamortized pension adjustments	(213)		180		(285)		400
Cash flow hedge adjustment, net of tax	2,187		(5,259)		7,306		(9,963)
Comprehensive net income	$	97,537	$	102,084	$	158,368	$	190,110
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	2.32	$	2.51	$	4.09	$	4.58
Diluted	$	2.31	$	2.50	$	4.07	$	4.55
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding
Basic	42,251		42,669		42,319		42,640
Diluted	42,418		42,813		42,534		42,857
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.28	$	0.27	$	0.55	$	0.53

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

5

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands except per-share data, unaudited)

Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in		Retained		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Treasury
	Shares	Par Value		Capital		Earnings		Loss		Stock		Total
Balance at March 31, 2024	42,442	$	424	$	309,661	$	1,440,165	$	(24,587)	$	—	$	1,725,663
Net income	—	—		—		97,831		—		—		97,831
Translation adjustment and other, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(2,268)		—		(2,268)
Pension adjustment, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(213)		—		(213)
Cash flow hedges, net of tax	—	—		—		—		2,187		—		2,187
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		3,667		—		—		—		3,667
Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units	4	—		(5)		—		—		—		(5)
Repurchase of common stock	(283)	—		—		—		—		(50,257)		(50,257)
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.28 per share	—	—		—		(11,804)		—		—		(11,804)
Balance at June 30, 2024	42,163	$	424	$	313,323	$	1,526,192	$	(24,881)	$	(50,257)	$	1,764,801
Balance March 31, 2023	42,663	$	426	$	295,976	$	1,194,993	$	(3,986)	$	—	$	1,487,409
Net income	—	—		—		107,211		—		—		107,211
Translation adjustment and other, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(48)		—		(48)
Pension adjustment, net of tax	—	—		—		—		180		—		180
Cash flow hedges, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(5,259)		—		(5,259)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		5,636		—		—		—		5,636
Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units	10	—		—		—		—		—		—
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.27 per share	—	—		—		(11,518)		—		—		(11,518)
Balance at June 30, 2023	42,673	$	426	$	301,612	$	1,290,686	$	(9,113)	$	—	$	1,583,611

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

6

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands except per-share data, unaudited)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in		Retained		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Treasury
	Shares	Par Value		Capital		Earnings		Loss		Stock		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	42,323	$	426	$	313,119	$	1,426,554	$	(9,990)	$	(50,363)	$	1,679,746
Net income	—	—		—		173,258		—		—		173,258
Translation adjustment, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(21,911)		—		(21,911)
Pension adjustment and other, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(286)		—		(286)
Cash flow hedges, net of tax	—	—		—		—		7,306		—		7,306
Stock-based compensation	—	—		7,752		—		—		—		7,752
Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units	123	1		(7,548)		—		—		—		(7,547)
Repurchase of common stock	(283)	—		—		—		—		(50,257)		(50,257)
Retirement of treasury stock		(3)				(50,360)				50,363		—
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.55 per share	—	—		—		(23,260)		—		—		(23,260)
Balance at June 30, 2024	42,163	$	424	$	313,323	$	1,526,192	$	(24,881)	$	(50,257)	$	1,764,801
Balance at December 31, 2022	42,560	$	425	$	298,983	$	1,118,030	$	(4,059)	$	—	$	1,413,379
Net income	—	—		—		195,164		—		—		195,164
Translation adjustment, net of tax	—	—		—		—		4,509		—		4,509
Pension adjustment and other, net of tax	—	—		—		—		400		—		400
Cash flow hedges, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(9,963)		—		(9,963)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		10,027		—		—		—		10,027
Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units	113	1		(7,398)		—		—		—		(7,397)
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.53 per share	—	—		—		(22,508)		—		—		(22,508)
Balance at June 30, 2023	42,673	$	426	$	301,612	$	1,290,686	$	(9,113)	$	—	$	1,583,611

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

7

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands, unaudited)

	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	173,258	$	195,164
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Gain on sale of assets and other	(436)		(489)
Depreciation and amortization	38,559		36,045
Noncash lease expense	7,874		6,595
Release of acquisition related tax and legal contingency	(1,810)		—
Loss in equity method investment, before tax	538		102
Deferred income taxes	(5,318)		(6,517)
Noncash compensation related to stock plans	10,427		11,164
Provision (recovery) for doubtful accounts	(1,008)		459
Deferred hedge gain	(1,649)		(2,148)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Trade accounts receivable	(95,704)		(118,922)
Inventories	11,703		34,884
Trade accounts payable	3,906		672
Other current assets	(19,284)		(1,416)
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities	5,137		48,971
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities	(7,107)		(7,324)
Net cash provided by operating activities	119,086		197,240
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures	(79,622)		(37,918)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(16,750)		(18,195)
Purchases of equity investments	(1,101)		(663)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	1,787		183
Proceeds from sale of business	—		8,544
Net cash used in investing activities	(95,686)		(48,049)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repurchase of common stock	(50,000)		—
Proceeds from line of credit	1,265		265
Repayments of line of credit	(13,942)		(11,705)
Dividends paid	(22,889)		(22,158)
Cash paid on behalf of employees for shares withheld	(7,547)		(7,398)
Net cash used in financing activities	(93,113)		(40,996)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(5,258)		(955)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(74,971)		107,240
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	429,822		300,742
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	354,851	$	407,982
Noncash activity during the period
Noncash capital expenditures	$	6,093	$	1,059
Dividends declared but not paid	11,804		11,518

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

8

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.    Basis of Presentation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). Investments in 50% or less owned entities are accounted for using either the cost or the equity method. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Certain amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the prior year have been reclassified to conform to the fiscal 2024 presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on the Company's Total Assets, Total Stockholders' Equity, Net sales or Net income in its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management believes that these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation under GAAP.

Interim Reporting Period

The accompanying unaudited quarterly Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP pursuant to the rules and regulations for reporting interim financial information and instructions on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and footnotes required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These interim statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”).

The unaudited quarterly Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to state fairly the financial information set forth therein in accordance with GAAP. The year-end Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet data provided herein were derived from audited consolidated financial statements included in the 2023 Form 10-K, but do not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The Company’s quarterly results fluctuate. As a result, the results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future periods.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company classifies investments that are highly liquid and have maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase as cash equivalents.

Current Estimated Credit Loss - Allowance for doubtful accounts

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable for estimated future expected credit losses resulting from customers' failure to make payments on its accounts receivable. The Company determines the estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable by considering several factors, including (1) specific information on the financial condition and the current creditworthiness of customers, (2) credit rating, (3) payment history and historical experience, (4) aging of the accounts receivable, and (5) reasonable and supportable forecasts about collectability. The Company also reserves 100% of the amounts deemed uncollectible due to a customer's deteriorating financial condition or bankruptcy. Every quarter, the Company evaluates the customer group using the accounts receivable aging report and its best judgment when considering changes in customers' credit ratings, level of delinquency, customers' historical payments and loss experience, current market and economic conditions, and expectations of future market and economic conditions.

9

The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable for the six months ended June 30, 2024 are outlined in the table below:

	December 31, 2023		Expense (Deductions), net	Write-Offs1	June 30, 2024
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	3,882	(1,008)	709	$	2,165

1Amount is net of recoveries and the effect of foreign currency fluctuations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between unrelated market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that unrelated market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured and classified under a three-tier fair valuation hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs available in the market: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; and Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The carrying amounts of trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair values of interest rate and foreign currency contracts are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of the Company’s contingent consideration related to acquisitions is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy, as these amounts are based on unobservable inputs such as management estimates and entity-specific assumptions and are evaluated on an ongoing basis.

The following tables summarize the financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value for the Company as of June 30, 2024 and 2023:

	2024						2023
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash equivalents (1)	$	71,919	$	—	$	—	$	248,063	$	—	$	—
Term loan due 2027 (2)	—		399,375		—		$	—	421,875		—
Revolver due 2027 (2)	—		75,038		—		—		150,038		—
Derivative instruments - assets (3)	—		33,464		—		—		37,864		—
Derivative instruments - liabilities (3)	—		15,886		—		—		18,609		—
Contingent considerations	—		—		6,511		—		—		6,500

(1) The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, representing money market funds traded in an active market with relatively short maturities, are reported on the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 as a component of "Cash and cash equivalents".

(2) The carrying amounts of our term loan and revolver approximate fair value as of June 30, 2024 based upon their terms and conditions in comparison to debt instruments with similar terms and conditions available on the same date.

(3) Derivatives for interest rate, foreign exchange and forward swap contracts are discussed in Note 7.

Derivative Instruments

The Company uses derivative instruments as a risk management tool to mitigate the potential impact of certain market risks. Foreign currency and interest rate risk are the primary market risks the Company manages through the use of derivative instruments, which are accounted for as cash flow hedges or net investment hedges under the accounting standards and carried at fair value as other current or noncurrent assets or as other current or other long-term liabilities. Assets and liabilities with the legal right of offset are not offset in the consolidated balance sheets. Net deferred gains and losses related to changes in fair value of cash flow hedges are included in accumulated other comprehensive income/loss (“OCI”), a component of stockholders' equity, and are reclassified into the line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income in which the hedged items are recorded in the same period the hedged item affects earnings. The effective portion of gains and losses attributable to net investment hedges is recorded net of tax to OCI to offset the change in the carrying value of the net investment being hedged. Recognition in earnings of amounts previously recorded to OCI are limited to circumstances such as complete or substantially complete liquidation of the net investment in the hedged foreign operation. Changes in fair value of any derivatives that are determined to be ineffective are immediately reclassified from OCI into earnings.

10

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions

Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The acquisition method requires identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the business acquired be recognized and measured at fair value on the acquisition date, which is the date that the acquirer obtains control of the acquired business. The amount by which the fair value of consideration transferred as the purchase price exceeds the net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill.

Acquisitions that do not meet the definition of a business under the ASC 805 are accounted for as an acquisition of assets, whereby all of the cost of the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including certain transactions costs, are allocated on a relative fair value basis. Accordingly, goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition.

Revenue Recognition

Generally, the Company recognizes revenue under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC 606) Revenue From Contracts With Customers. Revenue from a contract with a customer exists when the goods are shipped, services are rendered, and the related invoice is generated. The Company has identified each product or service specified in the invoice to be distinct and the duration of the contract to not extend beyond the promised goods or services already transferred. The transaction price of each performance obligation is specified in the invoice that is based on its relative stated standalone selling price. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a product to a customer at a point in time.

Our shipping terms provide the primary indicator of the transfer of control. The Company’s general shipping terms are Incoterm C.P.T. (F.O.B. shipping point), where the title, and risk and rewards of ownership transfer at the point when the products are no longer on the Company’s premises. Other Incoterms are allowed as exceptions depending on the product or service being sold and the nature of the sale. The Company recognizes revenue based on the consideration specified in the invoice with a customer, excluding any sales incentives, discounts, and amounts collected on behalf of third parties (i.e., governmental tax authorities). Based on historical experience with the customer, the customer’s purchasing pattern, and its significant experience selling products, the Company concluded that a significant reversal in the cumulative amount of revenue recognized would not occur when the uncertainty (if any) is resolved (that is, when the total amount of purchases is known). Refer to Note 2 for additional information.

The Company presents taxes collected and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis in the consolidated statements of operations. Additionally, all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected from a customer (e.g., sales, use, value added, and some excise taxes) are excluded from revenue.

Leases

The Company has operating leases for certain facilities, equipment, autos and data centers. As an accounting policy for short-term leases, the Company elected to not recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and liability if, at the commencement date, the lease (1) has a term of 12 months or less and (2) does not include renewal and purchase options that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. Monthly payments on short-term leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the full lease term.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense related to the estimated fair value of restricted stock awards on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting term of three or four years. Stock-based compensation related to performance share grants are measured based on grant date fair value and expensed on a graded basis over the service period of the awards, which is generally a performance period of three years. The performance conditions are based on the Company's achievement of revenue growth and return on invested capital over the performance period, and are evaluated for the probability of vesting at the end of each reporting period with changes in expected results cumulatively recognized as an adjustment to expense. The assumptions used to calculate the fair value of restricted stock grants are evaluated and revised, as necessary, to reflect market conditions and the Company’s experience.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are calculated using an asset and liability approach. The provision for income taxes includes federal, state and foreign taxes currently payable, and deferred taxes due to temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases

11

of assets and liabilities. In addition, future tax benefits are recognized to the extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not. This method gives consideration to the future tax consequences of the deferred income tax items and immediately recognizes changes in income tax laws in the year of enactment.

The Company uses an estimated annual tax rate to measure the tax benefit or tax expense recognized in each interim period.

Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per common share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Potentially dilutive shares are included in the diluted per-share calculations using the treasury stock method for all periods when the effect of their inclusion is dilutive.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07 requiring enhanced segment disclosures. ASU 2023-07 requires disclosure of significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) included within segment operating profit or loss. Additionally, ASU 2023-07 requires a description of how the CODM utilizes segment operating profit or loss to assess segment performance. The requirements of ASU 2023-07 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company's annual reporting requirements will be effective for fiscal 2024 and interim reporting requirements will be effective beginning with the first quarter of fiscal 2025. Early adoption is permitted and retrospective application is required for all periods presented. The Company is in the process of analyzing the impact of ASU 2023-07 on its related Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 requiring enhanced income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires disclosure of specific categories and disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation table. ASU 2023-09 also requires disclosure of disaggregated information related to income taxes paid, income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit, and income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations. The requirements of ASU 2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and the amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company is in the process of analyzing the impact of ASU 2023-09 on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company does not believe any other new accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB that have not become effective will have a material impact on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2.    Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregated revenue

The Company disaggregates net sales into the following major product groups as described in its segment information included in these interim financial statements under Note 13.

Wood Construction Products Revenue. Wood construction products represented approximately 84.8% and 85.7% of total net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Concrete Construction Products Revenue. Concrete construction products represented approximately 14.6% and 14.0% of total net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Customer acceptance criteria. Generally, there are no customer acceptance criteria included in the Company's standard sales agreement with customers. When an arrangement with the customer does not meet the criteria to be accounted for as a revenue contract under the standard, the Company recognizes revenue in the amount of nonrefundable consideration received when the Company has transferred control of the goods or services and has stopped transferring (and has no obligation to transfer) additional goods or services. The Company offers certain customers discounts for paying invoices ahead of the due date, which are generally 30 to 60 days after the issue date.

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Other revenue. Service sales, representing after-market repair and maintenance, engineering activities and software license sales and services were approximately 0.6% of total net sales and recognized as the services are completed or by transferring control over a product to a customer at a point in time. Services may be sold separately or in bundled packages. The typical contract length for services is generally less than one year. For bundled packages, the Company accounts for individual services separately when they are distinct within the context of the contract. A distinct service is separately identifiable from other items in the bundled package if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The consideration (including any discounts) is allocated between separate services in a bundle based on their stand-alone selling prices. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells the services.

Reconciliation of contract balances

Contract assets are the right to receive consideration in exchange for goods or services that the Company has transferred to a customer when that right is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Contract liabilities are recorded for any services billed to customers and not yet recognizable if the contract period has commenced or for the amount collected from customers in advance of the contract period commencing. As of June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no material contract assets or contract liabilities from contracts with customers.

3.    Net Income per Share

The following shows a reconciliation of basic net earnings per share ("EPS") to diluted EPS:

 

	Three Months Ended    June 30,				Six Months Ended    June 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net income available to common stockholders	$	97,831	$	107,211	$	173,258	$	195,164
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding	42,251		42,669		42,319		42,640
Dilutive effect of potential common stock equivalents	167		144		215		217
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	42,418		42,813		42,534		42,857
Net earnings per common share:
Basic	$	2.32	$	2.51	$	4.09	$	4.58
Diluted	$	2.31	$	2.50	$	4.07	$	4.55

4.    Stock-Based Compensation

The Company currently maintains the Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) as its only equity incentive plan. Under the 2011 Plan, no more than 16.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock in aggregate may be issued, including shares already issued pursuant to prior awards granted under the 2011 Plan. Shares of the Company's common stock underlying awards to be issued pursuant to the 2011 Plan are registered under the Securities Act of 1933. Under the 2011 Plan, the Company may grant restricted stock and restricted stock units. The Company currently intends to award only performance-based stock units ("PSUs") and/or time-based restricted stock units ("RSUs").

The Company allocates stock-based compensation expense amongst cost of sales, research and development and other engineering expense, selling expense, or general and administrative expense based on the job functions performed by the employees to whom the stock-based compensation is awarded. Stock-based compensation capitalized in inventory was immaterial for all periods presented. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to its equity plans for employees of $5.1 million and $6.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $10.4 million and $11.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company granted an aggregate of 160,808 RSUs and PSUs to the Company's employees, including officers at an estimated weighted-average fair value of $177.59 per share based on the closing price (adjusted for certain market factors primarily the present value of dividends) of the Company's common stock on the grant date. The RSUs and PSUs granted to the Company's employees may be time-based, performance-based, or time and performance-based. Certain of the PSUs are granted to officers and key employees, where the number of performance-based awards to be issued is based on the achievement of certain Company performance criteria established in the award agreement over a cumulative three year period. These awards cliff vest after three years. In addition, these same officers and key employees also receive time-based RSUs, which vest pursuant to a three-year graded vesting schedule. Time based RSUs are granted to the Company's employees excluding officers and certain key employees, vest ratably over the four year vesting-term of the award.

The Company’s seven non-employee directors are entitled to receive an aggregate of approximately $0.9 million in equity compensation annually under the Company's non-employee director compensation program. The number of shares ultimately granted are based on the average closing share price for the Company's common stock over the 60 day period prior to approval of the award in the second quarter of each year. In May 2024, the Company granted 4,692 shares of the Company's common stock to the non-employee directors, based on the average closing price of $173.89 per share and recognized $0.8 million of expense.

As of June 30, 2024, the Company's aggregate unamortized stock compensation expense was approximately $35.1 million which is expected to be recognized in expense over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.

5.    Trade Accounts Receivable, net

Trade accounts receivable consisted of the following:

	As of June 30,				As of December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2023
Trade accounts receivable	$	384,655	$	397,212	$	292,360
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(2,165)		(3,611)		(3,882)
Allowance for sales discounts and returns	(4,906)		(5,684)		(4,503)
	$	377,584	$	387,917	$	283,975

6.    Inventories

The components of inventories are as follows:

	As of June 30,				As of December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2023
Raw materials	$	145,844	$	164,019	$	167,177
In-process products	56,466		53,883		57,432
Finished products	331,315		305,659		326,966
	$	533,625	$	523,561	$	551,575

7.    Derivative Instruments

The Company enters into derivative instrument agreements, including forward foreign currency exchange contracts, interest rate swaps, and cross currency swaps to manage risk in connection with changes in foreign currency and interest rates. The Company hedges committed exposures and does not engage in speculative transactions. The Company only enters into derivative instrument agreements with counterparties who have highly rated credit.

As of June 30, 2024, the aggregate notional amount of the Company's outstanding interest rate contracts, cross currency swap contracts, and EUR forward contract were $399.4 million, $418.7 million and $321.7 million, respectively.

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Changes in fair value of any forward contracts that are determined to be ineffective are immediately reclassified from OCI into earnings. There were no amounts recognized due to ineffectiveness during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023.

The effects of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income for the six months ended June 30, were as follows:

				2024						2023
(in thousands)				Cost of sales		Interest income (expense), net and other finance costs		Other & foreign exchange loss, net		Cost of sales		Interest income (expense), net and other finance costs		Other & foreign exchange loss, net
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded				$	604,456	$	2,443	$	381	$	591,669	$	(1,274)	$	(42)
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging
	Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships
		Interest contracts:
			Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI to earnings	—		6,236		—		—		7,107		—
		Cross currency swap contract
			Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI to earnings	—		2,535		14,484		—		2,605		(5,244)
		Forward contract
			Amount of gain reclassified from OCI to earnings	(188)		—		—		80		—		—

The effects of derivative instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Earnings	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Earnings
(in thousands)	2024		2023			2024		2023
Interest rate contracts	$	2,367	$	10,589	Interest expense	$	3,089	$	3,911
Cross currency contracts	5,358		(5,739)		Interest expense	1,295		1,266
Forward contracts	—		(413)		FX gain (loss)	4,344		(3,429)
					Cost of goods sold	—		80
Total	$	7,725	$	4,437		$	8,728	$	1,828

The effects of derivative instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

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Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Earnings	Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI into Earnings
(in thousands)	2024		2023			2024		2023
Interest rate contracts	$	9,173	$	6,546	Interest expense	$	6,235	$	7,107
Cross currency contracts	16,333		(8,019)		Interest expense	2,535		2,605
Forward contracts	—		(448)		FX gain (loss)	14,484		(5,244)
					Cost of goods sold	(188)		80
Total	$	25,506	$	(1,921)		$	23,066	$	4,548

For the three months ending June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 gains on the net investment hedge of $5.2 million and $4.1 million were included in OCI, respectively. For the three months ending June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, excluded gains of $1.3 million and $1.3 million were reclassified from OCI to interest expense, respectively.

For the six months ending June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 gains on the net investment hedge of $9.9 million and $4.4 million were included in OCI, respectively. For the six months ending June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, excluded gains of $2.5 million were reclassified from OCI to interest expense for both periods.

As of June 30, 2024, the aggregate fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet were comprised of an asset of $33.5 million, of which $16.0 million is included in other current assets, and the balance of $17.4 million as other non-current assets, and of a non-current liability of $15.9 million included as deferred income tax and other long-term liabilities.

8.    Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

	As of June 30,				As of December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2023
Land	$	61,305	$	51,558	$	62,587
Buildings and site improvements	244,450		235,209		246,021
Leasehold improvements	9,712		7,131		7,782
Machinery and equipment	537,935		486,354		516,017
	853,402		780,252		832,407
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(497,400)		(451,134)		(474,974)
	356,002		329,118		357,433
Capital projects in progress	103,295		46,122		61,179
Total	$	459,297	$	375,240	$	418,612

9.    Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net

Goodwill consisted of the following: 

	As of June 30,				As of December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2023
North America	$	109,949	$	103,630	$	101,558
Europe	386,768		390,172		399,693
Asia/Pacific	1,273		1,263		1,299
Total	$	497,990	$	495,065	$	502,550

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Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following:

	As of June 30, 2024
	Gross				Net
	Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
(in thousands)	Amount		Amortization		Amount
North America	$	72,438	$	(35,390)	$	37,048
Europe	374,748		(62,990)		311,758
Asia/Pacific	4,157		(467)		3,690
Total	$	451,343	$	(98,847)	$	352,496

	As of June 30, 2023
	Gross				Net
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Carrying Amount
North America	$	63,269	$	(31,765)	$	31,504
Europe	377,866		(43,748)		334,118
Asia/Pacific	4,224		(197)		4,027
Total	$	445,359	$	(75,710)	$	369,649

	As of December 31, 2023
	Gross				Net
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Carrying Amount
North America	$	64,190	$	(33,740)	$	30,450
Europe	384,432		(53,493)		330,939
Asia/Pacific	4,240		(290)		3,950
Total	$	452,862	$	(87,523)	$	365,339

Intangible assets consist of definite-lived and indefinite-lived assets. Definite-lived intangible assets include customer relationships, patents, unpatented technology, and non-compete agreements. Amortization of definite-lived intangible assets was $5.7 million and $6.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was $11.3 million and $11.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period for all amortizable intangibles on a combined basis is 10.2 years.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets totaled $91.6 million, $92.8 million, and $94.2 million as of June 30, 2024, and 2023 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

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At June 30, 2024, the estimated future amortization of definite-lived intangible assets was as follows: 

(in thousands)
Remaining six months of 2024	$	21,294
2025	23,321
2026	22,678
2027	22,603
2028	22,335
2029	21,738
Thereafter	126,924
	$	260,893

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2024, were as follows: 

			Intangible
(in thousands)	Goodwill		Assets
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	502,550	$	365,339
Acquisition1	8,484		8,249
Amortization	—		(11,323)
Foreign exchange	(13,044)		(9,769)
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	497,990	$	352,496

1 During the quarter ended June 30, 2024, the Company completed an acquisition of a business that resulted in $8.5 million increase in goodwill and $8.2 million increase in intangible assets, respectively. These amounts may change after the valuation is finalized.

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10.    Leases

The Company has operating leases for certain facilities, equipment and automobiles. The existing operating leases expire at various dates through 2039, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to five years. The Company measured the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments are discounted using the Company's incremental borrowing rate. The Company measured the ROU assets at the amount at which the lease liability is recognized plus initial direct costs incurred or prepayment amounts. The ROU assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The following table provides a summary of leases included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024 and 2023 and December 31, 2023, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income, and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Line Item	June 30,				December 31,
(in thousands)		2024		2023		2023
Operating leases
Assets
Operating leases	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	84,305	$	63,358	$	68,792
Liabilities
Operating - current	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	16,673	$	12,809	$	14,954
Operating - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities	69,223		51,560		55,324
Total operating lease liabilities		$	85,896	$	64,369	$	70,278

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income Line Item	Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)		2024		2023
Operating lease cost	General administrative expenses and      cost of sales	$	4,801	$	4,192

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Other Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	4,708	$	3,932
Operating right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease      liabilities	23,240		8,423

The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of June 30, 2024:

(in thousands)	Operating Leases
Remaining six months of 2024	$	10,332
2025	19,459
2026	16,257
2027	13,013
2028	11,760
2029	9,666
Thereafter	20,951
Total lease payments	101,438
Less: Present value discount	(15,542)
Total lease liabilities	$	85,896

The following table summarizes the Company's lease terms and discount rates as of June 30, 2024 and 2023:

Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):	2024		2023
Operating leases	6.8		5.9
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases	5.1	%	4.7	%

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11.    Debt

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had $474.4 million, excluding deferred financing costs, outstanding under its Amended and Restated Credit Facility. The Company had outstanding balances of $571.9 million and $485.7 million under the Amended and Restated Credit Facility as of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities for the remaining term loan facility as of June 30, 2024:

(in thousands)	5-Year Term Loan
Remaining six months of 2024	$	11,250
2025	22,500
2026	22,500
2027	343,125
Total loan outstanding	$	399,375

The $75.0 million outstanding under the revolving credit facility is due on March 31, 2027.

The Company was in compliance with its financial covenants under the Amended and Restated Credit Facility as of June 30, 2024.

Certain of the Company's domestic subsidiaries are guarantors for a credit agreement between certain of its foreign subsidiaries and institutional lenders that is in addition to the Amended and Restated Credit Facility. As of June 30, 2024, all of the Company's credit facilities provide a total of $381.2 million in available borrowing capacity and an irrevocable standby letter of credit in support of various insurance deductibles.

12.    Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental

The Company’s policy with regard to environmental liabilities is to accrue for future environmental assessments and remediation costs when information becomes available that indicates that it is probable that the Company is liable for any related claims and assessments and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable. The Company does not believe that any such matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

Litigation and Potential Claims

From time to time, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings and other matters arising in the normal course of business. Corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, cracking, material hardness, wood pressure-treating chemicals, misinstallations, misuse, design and assembly flaws, manufacturing defects, labeling defects, product formula defects, inaccurate chemical mixes, adulteration, environmental conditions, or other factors can contribute to failure of fasteners, connectors, anchors, adhesives, specialty chemicals, such as fiber reinforced polymers, and tool products. In addition, inaccuracies may occur in product information, descriptions and instructions found in catalogs, packaging, data sheets, and the Company’s website.

The resolution of any claim or litigation is subject to inherent uncertainty and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

13.    Segment Information

The Company is organized into three reporting segments defined by the regions where the Company’s products are manufactured, marketed and distributed to the Company's customers. The three regional segments are the North America segment (comprised primarily of the Company’s operations in the U.S. and Canada), the Europe segment, and the Asia/Pacific segment (comprised of the Company’s operations in Asia, the South Pacific, and the Middle East). These segments are similar

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in several ways, including the types of materials used, the production processes, the distribution channels and the product applications.

The Administrative & All Other line item primarily includes expenses such as self-insured workers compensation claims for employees, stock-based compensation for certain members of management, interest expense, foreign exchange gains or losses and income tax expense, as well as revenues and expenses related to real estate activities.

The following table illustrates certain measurements used by management to assess the performance of the segments described above as of or the following periods:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net Sales
North America	$	463,022	$	465,467	$	869,771	$	871,797
Europe	129,877		127,817		249,814		252,031
Asia/Pacific	4,079		4,296		7,972		8,182
Total	$	596,978	$	597,580	$	1,127,557	$	1,132,010
Sales to Other Segments*
North America	$	858	$	1,524	$	1,698	$	2,692
Europe	1,411		1,459		2,662		3,072
Asia/Pacific	10,717		7,956		17,569		13,858
Total	$	12,986	$	10,939	$	21,929	$	19,622
Income (Loss) from Operations
North America	$	132,055	$	143,430	$	230,960	$	257,823
Europe	12,145		13,974		20,402		27,444
Asia/Pacific	(302)		379		(877)		241
Administrative and all other	(11,712)		(12,762)		(22,204)		(22,125)
Total	$	132,186	$	145,021	$	228,281	$	263,383

*    Sales to other segments are eliminated upon consolidation.

					As of
	As of June 30,				December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2023
Total Assets
North America	$	1,905,699	$	1,570,275	$	1,745,341
Europe	723,791		702,740		716,396
Asia/Pacific	43,594		35,604		38,719
Administrative and all other	100,277		410,730		204,268
Total	$	2,773,361	$	2,719,349	$	2,704,724

Cash collected by the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries is routinely transferred into the Company’s cash management accounts and, therefore is in the total assets of “Administrative and all other.” Cash and cash equivalent balances in the “Administrative and all other” segment were $249.2 million, $326.5 million and $368.6 million, as of June 30, 2024 and 2023, and December 31, 2023, respectively. Also included in the total assets of "Administrative and all other" are intercompany borrowings due from the Europe segment. Included in the total assets of each segment are net intercompany borrowings due to and from the other segments.

The Company’s wood construction products include connectors, truss plates, fastening systems, fasteners and pre-fabricated shearwalls and are used for connecting and strengthening wood-based construction primarily in the residential and commercial construction market. Its concrete construction products include adhesives, specialty chemicals, mechanical anchors, carbide drill bits, powder actuated tools and reinforcing fiber materials and are used for restoration, protection or strengthening concrete, masonry and steel construction in residential, industrial, commercial and infrastructure construction. The following

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table illustrates the distribution of the Company’s net sales by product group as additional information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Wood construction products	$	507,082	$	515,378	$	956,593	$	970,137
Concrete construction products	86,447		81,319		165,178		157,990
Other	3,449		883		5,786		3,883
Total	$	596,978	$	597,580	$	1,127,557	$	1,132,010

14.    Subsequent Events

Dividend Declared

On July 26, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors (the "Board") declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.28 per share, estimated to be $11.8 million in total. The dividend will be payable on October 24, 2024, to the Company's stockholders of record on October 3, 2024.

Acquisition of Monet

On August 1, 2024, the Company completed its acquisition of all of the operating assets and assumed liabilities of Monet DeSauw Inc. and certain properties of Callaway Properties, LLC (together with its subsidiaries “Monet”) for a total purchase consideration of approximately $59.0 million before normal working capital adjustments (the “Acquisition”).

Monet is a private manufacturing company specializing in the production of large-scale saws and material handling equipment for the truss industry in the United States. Monet’s manufacturing largely entails assembly of parts and components with limited fabrication. The acquisition will expand the Company’s product and service offering to component manufacturers. The acquisition will be accounted for as a business combination, with the goodwill being non-deductible for tax purposes.

The allocation of the purchase price to the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed is subject to a formal valuation process, which has not yet been completed. The major classes of assets acquired include trade receivables, inventories, customer deposits, and intangibles.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Each of the terms the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms used herein refer collectively to Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc., unless otherwise stated. The Company regularly uses its website to post information regarding its business and governance. The Company encourages investors to use http://www.simpsonmfg.com as a source of information about the Company. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report or other material we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), except as explicitly noted or as required by law.

The following discussion and analysis provides information which management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in this report.

“Strong-Tie” and our other trademarks appearing in this report are our property. This report contains additional trade names and trademarks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply an endorsement or sponsorship of us by such companies, or any relationship with any of these companies.

CAUTIONARY NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q we make statements concerning our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, strategies, and future events or performance. Such statements are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “target,” “continue,” “predict,” “project,” “change,” “result,” “future,” “will,” “could,” “can,” “may,” “likely,” “potentially,” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are all statements other than those of historical fact and include, but are not limited to, statements about future financial and operating results, our plans, objectives, business outlook, priorities, expectations for sales and market growth, earnings and performance, stockholder value, capital expenditures, cash flows, the housing market, the home improvement industry, demand for services, share repurchases, our ongoing integration of FIXCO Invest S.A.S (“ETANCO”), our strategic initiatives, including the impact of these initiatives on our strategic and operational plans and financial results, and any statement of an assumption underlying any of the foregoing.

Forward-looking statements are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and other factors that are difficult to predict and could cause our actual results to vary in material respects from what we have expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by our forward-looking statements include, the effects of inflation and labor and supply shortages on our operations the operations of our customers, suppliers and business partners, and our ongoing integration of ETANCO and those factors discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors and Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Additional risks include: the cyclicality and impact of general economic conditions; changing conditions in global markets including the impact of sanctions and tariffs, quotas and other trade actions and import restrictions; the impact of pandemics, epidemics or other public health emergencies; volatile supply and demand conditions affecting prices and volumes in the markets for both our products and raw materials we purchase; the impact of foreign currency fluctuations; potential limitations on our ability to access capital resources and borrowings under our existing credit facilities; restrictions on our business and financial covenants under our credit agreement; reliance on employees subject to collective bargaining agreements; and or our ability to pay dividends and to repurchase shares of our common stock and the amounts and timing of repurchases, if any.

We caution that you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and in our other reports filed with the SEC that advise of the risks and factors that may affect our business.

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Overview

We design, manufacture and sell building construction products that are of high quality and performance, easy to use and cost-effective for customers. We operate in three business segments determined by geographic region: North America, Europe and Asia/Pacific. Within the North America segment, our sales efforts are aligned to customer market teams dedicated to serving the following markets:

•Residential;

•Commercial;

•Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEM");

•National Retail; and

•Component Manufacturers

Our organic growth opportunities are focused on expanding our product lines with our current customers while also identifying new market share gain opportunities within our core product and market competencies.

In order to grow in these markets, we aspire to be among the leaders in engineered load-rated construction building products and systems and digital product offerings. We also aspire to leverage our engineering expertise, deep-rooted relationships with top builders, engineers, contractors, code officials and distributors, along with our ongoing commitment to testing, research and innovation. Importantly, we currently have existing products, testing results, distribution and manufacturing capabilities to support our Company ambitions. This will ultimately be a function of expanding our sales and/or marketing functions to promote our products to different end users and distribution channels, expanding our customer base, and introducing new products in the future.

Our commitment to continuous improvement has fostered our core Company ambitions, which we continue to pursue including:

•Strengthen our values-based culture;

•Be the partner of choice;

•Be an innovative leader in the markets we operate;

•Above market growth relative to the United States housing starts (exceeding our historical average volume performance in North America of approximately 250 basis points above the housing starts market);

•An operating income margin within the top quartile of our proxy peers; and

•Long-term, return to the top quartile of our proxy peers for return on invested capital.

We have made progress towards our key growth initiatives since they were first announced in 2021. A few recent examples include:

•The integration of ETANCO which has resulted in additional scale for our legacy European operations, as well as the opportunity to realize synergies in those operations;

•Continued growing North America sales volumes above United States housing starts growth;

•Acquisitions of a software company and a manufacturer of equipment used by component manufacturers to expand our offering of solutions to our component manufacturer customers and potentially accelerate growth in the market;

•Formed a new relationship agreement with a large independent co-op serving more than 12,000 retail hardware stores, home centers, and pro lumber dealers, which led to significant conversions of our connectors, fasteners and anchor products;

•Recaptured a number of lumber dealers in North America with the opportunity to expand the products lines;

•Rolled out 33 new products, globally, during the first two quarters of 2024;

•Expansion of our Outdoor Accents® decorative hardware, fasteners and anchors product lines, which contributed to our growth in the do-it-yourself ("DIY") or construction contractor segments of our national retail market;

•Converted component manufacturers to using our truss software and purchasing our truss plate and connector solution sets, including a major component manufacture; and

•Completed our path-to-market shift away from two-step distribution in North America, enabling us to sell our complete product line and drive additional market share gains.

We believe this progress is the result of our high service levels, increasingly diverse portfolio of products and software as well as our commitment to innovation and developing complete solutions for the markets we serve. As we continue to make progress on our key growth initiatives, we believe we can continue to achieve above market growth in the North America relative to

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United States housing starts for fiscal 2024 and beyond. These examples further emulate our Founder, Barclay Simpson’s, nine principles of doing business, and more specifically the focus and obsession on customers and users.

We now include consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure. The Company defines adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before income taxes, adjusted to exclude depreciation and amortization, integration, acquisition and restructuring costs, goodwill impairment, gain on bargain purchase, net loss or gain on disposal of assets, interest income or expense, and foreign exchange and other expense (income). We use Adjusted EBITDA to provide additional insight into the Company’s operating performance in light of the significant levels of growth investment we are continuing to make in our operations and the effect accelerated depreciation and acquisition and integration costs will have on our operating results. This will also provide a better approximation of our cash flows compared to operating income.

Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

The Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations depends in large part on the level of United States housing starts and residential construction activity. Overall housing starts decreased during the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023, with a significant decrease in multi-family housing starts, which are more sensitive to interest rate increases and inflation. Housing starts have decreased from the current quarter to the prior year quarter six out of the last eight quarters. Lower housing starts in the United States could result in lower demand, which would affect the Company's sales and possibly operating profit.

Unlike lumber or other products that have a more direct correlation to United States housing starts, our products are used to a greater extent in areas that are subject to natural forces, such as seismic or wind events. Our products are generally used in a sequential progression that follows the construction process. Residential and commercial construction begins with the foundation, followed by the wall and the roof systems, and then the installation of our products, which flow into a project or a house according to these schedules.

In prior years, our sales were heavily seasonal with operating results varying from quarter to quarter depending on weather conditions that could delay construction starts. Our sales and income have historically been lower in the first and fourth quarters than in the second and third quarters of a fiscal year. Increasing interest rates, rising energy costs, volatility in the steel market and stressed product transportation systems, as well as political events like elections, can also have an effect on our gross and operating profits as well. Due to efforts in diversifying our global footprint with the acquisition of ETANCO and changing our path to market in the United States, sales from our product line, customer base and customer purchases are becoming less seasonal. Changes in raw material cost could impact the amount of inventory on-hand, and negatively affect our gross profit and operating margins depending on the timing of raw material purchases or how much sales prices can be increased to offset any increases in raw material costs.

Our operations also expose us to risks associated with pandemics, epidemics or other public health crises.

Business Segment Information

Historically, our North America segment has generated more revenues from wood construction products compared to concrete construction products. North America net sales decreased slightly for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. Our wood construction product net sales decreased 1.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to June 30, 2023. Our concrete construction product sales increased 5.6% over the same periods. We believe the United States 2024 housing starts market will be flat to down relative to fiscal year 2023 housing starts. For the year-to-date period, housing starts have decreased in 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, while the Company's North America sales volumes have increased by approximately 4% over that same period. With the investments we have made and continue to make, we believe we will be able to continue to grow above the US housing starts market, one of our company ambitions.

Operating income decreased $26.9 million on lower gross profits as well as increased personnel costs, professional fees, and travel expenses. Fiscal 2024 operating margins have and will include anticipated acquisition and integration related costs. We currently anticipate North America 2024 results to be impacted by economic headwinds but also believe in the long term potential given the on-going housing shortage.

During 2024, work continued on our Columbus, Ohio facility expansion as well as the building of the replacement of our Gallatin, Tennessee facility. We expect the expansion and replacement of these facilities will improve our overall service, production efficiencies and safety in the workplace, as well as reduce our reliance on certain outsourced finished goods and component products and continue to ensure we have ample capacity to meet our customer needs. These investments reinforce our core business model differentiators to remain the partner of choice as we continue to produce products locally and ensure superior levels of customer service.

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Europe net sales decreased 0.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023, Wood construction product sales decreased 1.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to June 30, 2023 and concrete construction product sales, which are mostly project based, increased 2.1% over the same periods. Gross profit decreased $4.7 million primarily due to increased factory overhead, warehouse and freight costs, as a percentage of net sales. Operating income decreased $7.0 million on lower gross profits and higher operating expenses, partly offset by lower integration expenses. Fiscal 2024 operating margins will include anticipated acquisition and integration related costs estimated to range between $4.0 million to $5.0 million. We currently anticipate Europe 2024 results to be impacted by economic headwinds but also believe in the long term potential given Europe's on-going housing shortage (with an increasing use of wood construction) and new environmental regulations for which we have products and solutions.

Our Asia/Pacific segment has generated revenues from both wood and concrete construction products. We believe that the Asia/Pacific segment is not significant to our overall performance.

Business Outlook

The Company updated its financial outlook for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2024 based on two quarters of actual results, and its latest expectations regarding demand trends, raw material costs and operating expenses as of follow:

◦Operating margin is estimated to be in the range of 20.0% to 21.0%, including approximately $85.0 million in depreciation and amortization expense.

◦The effective tax rate is estimated to be in the range of 24.5% to 25.5%, including both federal and state income tax rates as well as international income tax rates, and assuming no tax law changes are enacted.

◦Capital expenditures are estimated to range between $180.0 and $190.0 million, which includes $90.0 to $100.0 million for the Columbus, Ohio facility expansion and the new Gallatin, Tennessee fastener facility construction with the remaining spend carrying over into 2025.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024, Compared with the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023

Unless otherwise stated, the below results, when providing comparisons (which are generally indicated by words such as “increased,” “decreased,” “unchanged” or “compared to”), compare the results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2024, against the results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Unless otherwise stated, the results announced below, when referencing “both quarters,” refer to the three months ended June 30, 2023 and the three months ended June 30, 2024.

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Second Quarter 2024 Consolidated Financial Highlights

The following table shows the change in the Company's results of operations from the three months ended June 30, 2023 to the three months ended June 30, 2024, and the increases or decreases for each category by segment:

	Three Months Ended										Three Months Ended
			Increase (Decrease) in Operating Segment
	June 30,		North				Asia/		Admin &		June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		America		Europe		Pacific		All Other		2024
Net sales	$	597,580	$	(2,445)	$	2,060	$	(217)	$	—	$	596,978
Cost of sales	310,114		4,219		3,930		117		51		318,431
Gross profit	287,466		(6,664)		(1,870)		(334)		(51)		278,547
Research and development and other engineering expense	21,538		738		506		(74)		—		22,708
Selling expense	50,438		4,528		847		105		—		55,918
General and administrative expense	68,767		(417)		(230)		326		(2,063)		66,383
Total operating expenses	140,743		4,849		1,123		357		(2,063)		145,009
Acquisition and integration related costs	1,859		—		(1,232)		—		963		1,590
Net gain on disposal of assets	(157)		(138)		68		(10)		(1)		(238)
Income from operations	145,021		(11,375)		(1,829)		(681)		1,050		132,186
Interest income (expense), net and other	(705)		180		124		9		2,484		2,092
Other & foreign exchange gain (loss), net	357		(1,055)		(1,689)		(262)		1,061		(1,588)
Income before income taxes	144,673		(12,250)		(3,394)		(934)		4,595		132,690
Provision for income taxes	37,462		(1,168)		(241)		(167)		(1,027)		34,859
Net income	$	107,211	$	(11,082)	$	(3,153)	$	(767)	$	5,622	$	97,831

Net sales decreased 0.1% to $597.0 million from $597.6 million. Wood construction product sales, including sales of connectors, truss plates, fastening systems, fasteners and shearwalls, represented 84.9% and 86.2% of the Company's total sales in the second quarters of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Concrete construction product sales, including sales of adhesives, chemicals, mechanical anchors, powder actuated tools and reinforcing fiber materials, represented 14.5% and 13.6% of the Company's total sales in the second quarters of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Gross profit decreased 3.1% to $278.5 million from $287.5 million primarily due to higher factory overhead, warehouse and freight costs partially offset by lower raw material costs. As a result, consolidated gross margins were 46.7% compared to 48.1% last year. From a product perspective, gross margin decreased to 46.5% from 48.4% for wood construction products and increased to 47.5% from 45.9% for concrete construction products, respectively.

Research and development and engineering expense increased 5.4% to $22.7 million from $21.5 million, primarily due to an increase of $2.1 million and $1.0 million in professional fees and personnel costs, respectively, partially offset by a decrease of $1.5 million in software licensing and IT costs, net of amount capitalized and $0.7 million of variable compensation.

Selling expense increased 10.9% to $55.9 million from $50.4 million, primarily due to increases of $4.2 million in personnel costs, $0.9 million in advertising costs, $0.7 million in travel related costs and $0.5 million in software licensing and IT costs net of amount capitalized, offset by a decrease of $1.5 million of variable compensation.

General and administrative expense decreased 3.5% to $66.4 million from $68.8 million, primarily due to a decrease of $3.4 million of variable compensation, partially offset by an increase of $1.7 million in personnel costs.

Our effective income tax rate increased to 26.3% from 25.9%.

Consolidated net income was $97.8 million compared to $107.2 million. Diluted earnings per share was $2.31 compared to $2.50.

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Adjusted EBITDA1 of $152.6 million decreased 7.8% compared to $165.6 million, primarily due to lower gross profits on lower net sales.

Net sales

The following table shows net sales by segment for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

	North						Asia/
(in thousands)	America			Europe			Pacific			Total
Three months ended
June 30, 2023	$	465,467		$	127,817		$	4,296		$	597,580
June 30, 2024	463,022			129,877			4,079			596,978
Increase (decrease)	$	(2,445)		$	2,060		$	(217)		$	(602)
Percentage increase (decrease)	(0.5)		%	1.6		%	(5.1)		%	(0.1)		%

The following table shows segment net sales as percentages of total net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

	North America		Europe		Asia/ Pacific		Total
Percentage of total 2023 net sales	78	%	21	%	1	%	100	%
Percentage of total 2024 net sales	77	%	22	%	1	%	100	%

Gross profit

The following table shows gross profit (loss) by segment for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

	North				Asia/	Admin &
(in thousands)	America		Europe		Pacific	All Other	Total
Three months ended
June 30, 2023	$238,245		$47,819		$1,820	$(418)	$287,466
June 30, 2024	231,581		45,949		1,486	(469)	278,547
Decrease	$(6,664)		$(1,870)		$(334)	$(51)	$(8,919)
Percentage (decrease)	(2.8)	%	(3.9)	%	*	*	(3.1)	%

* The statistic is not meaningful or material.

The following table shows gross margin by segment for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

	North America		Europe		Asia/ Pacific		Admin & All Other	Total
2023 gross margin percentage	51.2	%	37.4	%	42.4	%	*	48.1	%
2024 gross margin percentage	50.0	%	35.4	%	36.4	%	*	46.7	%

* The statistic is not meaningful or material.

North America

•Net sales decreased 0.5%, primarily due to decreased sales volumes.

•Gross margin decreased to 50.0% from 51.2%, primarily due to higher labor, factory overhead, warehouse and freight costs, partially offset by lower material costs, as a percentage of net sales.

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•Research, development and engineering expense increased 3.8%, primarily due to an increase of $2.1 million in professional fees, partially offset by a decrease of $1.6 million in software licensing and IT costs, net of amount capitalized.

•Selling expense increased 12.2%, primarily due to increases of $4.2 million in personnel costs, $0.6 million in advertising and trade shows, and $0.6 million in travel expense, partially offset by the decrease of $1.7 million in variable compensation.

•General and administrative expense decreased 1.1%, primarily due to decreases in $1.1 million of variable compensation, $0.6 million in professional fees, partially offset by increases of $1.0 million in personnel costs and $0.5 million of travel related expenses.

•Income from operations decreased by $11.4 million due to the factors discussed above.

Europe

•Net sales increased 1.6%, primarily due to higher sales volumes, partially offset by price decreases in some regions as well as the negative effect of $0.7 million in foreign currency translation.

•Gross margin decreased to 35.4% from 37.4%, primarily due to increased labor and factory & tooling costs as well as warehouse and freight costs, partially offset by lower material costs, as a percentage of net sales.

•Income from operations decreased by $1.9 million from $14.0 million to $12.1 million due to lower gross margins and high personnel costs, partially offset by lower integration related expenses.

Asia/Pacific

•For information about the Company's Asia/Pacific segment, please refer to the tables above setting forth changes in our operating results for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

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Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024, Compared with the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023

Unless otherwise stated, the results announced below, when providing comparisons (which are generally indicated by words such as “increased,” “decreased,” “unchanged” or “compared to”), compare the results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024, against the results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Unless otherwise stated, the results announced below, when referencing “both periods,” refer to the six months ended June 30, 2023 and the six months ended June 30, 2024

Year-to-Date (6-month) 2024 Consolidated Financial Highlights

The following table illustrates the differences in our operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2024, from the six months ended June 30, 2023, and the increases or decreases for each category by segment:

	Six Months Ended		Increase (Decrease) in Operating Segment								Six Months Ended
	June 30,		North				Asia/		Admin &		June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		America		Europe		Pacific		All Other		2024
Net sales	$	1,132,010	$	(2,026)	$	(2,217)	$	(210)	$	—	$	1,127,557
Cost of sales	591,669		9,624		2,445		372		346		604,456
Gross profit	540,341		(11,650)		(4,662)		(582)		(346)		523,101
Research and development and other engineering expense	42,284		1,594		638		110		—		44,626
Selling expense	99,106		10,540		529		242		—		110,417
General and administrative expense	132,474		3,296		1,843		194		(1,230)		136,577
Total operating expenses	273,864		15,430		3,010		546		(1,230)		291,620
Acquisition and integration related costs	3,301		—		(627)		—		962		3,636
Net gain on disposal of assets	(207)		(217)		(2)		(10)		—		(436)
Income from operations	263,383		(26,863)		(7,043)		(1,118)		(78)		228,281
Interest income (expense), net and other	(1,274)		381		299		(306)		3,343		2,443
Other & foreign exchange gain (loss), net	(42)		(4,293)		1,391		290		3,035		381
Income (Loss) before income taxes	262,067		(30,775)		(5,353)		(1,134)		6,300		231,105
Provision for income taxes	66,903		(5,642)		(525)		(240)		(2,649)		57,847
Net income	$	195,164	$	(25,133)	$	(4,828)	$	(894)	$	8,949	$	173,258

Net sales decreased 0.4% to $1,127.6 million from $1,132.0 million driven by lower sales volumes in North America. Wood construction product sales represented 84.8% and 85.7% of the Company's total sales in the first six months of 2024 and 2023. Concrete construction product sales represented 14.6% and 14.0% of the Company's total sales in the first six months of 2024 and 2023.

Gross profit decreased 3.2% to $523.1 million from $540.3 million. Gross margins decreased to 46.4% from 47.7%. The decrease is due to higher warehouse and freight costs for the Company overall. Gross margins decreased to 46.3% from 47.8% for wood construction products and increased to 47.1% from 46.5% for concrete construction products.

Research and development and engineering expense increased 5.5% to $44.6 million from $42.3 million primarily due to an increase of $2.3 million in personnel costs, $2.3 million in professional fees, $0.7 million in depreciation and amortization expense, partially offset by a decrease of $2.0 million in computer and software, net of amount capitalized and $1.1 million of variable compensation.

Selling expense increased to $110.4 million from $99.1 million, primarily due to increases of $8.7 million in personnel costs, $2.2 million in advertising costs, $1.6 million in travel related costs, and $1.1 million in computer and software cost net of amount capitalized, partially offset by a decrease of $2.6 million of variable compensation and $0.9 million of professional fees.

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General and administrative expense increased to $136.6 million from $132.5 million, primarily due to increases of $5.3 million in personnel costs, $1.6 million in professional costs, and $0.7 million in travel related costs, partially offset by a decrease of $4.8 million of variable compensation.

Our effective income tax rate decreased to 25.0% from 25.5%.

Consolidated net income was $173.3 million compared to $195.2 million. Diluted earnings per share was $4.07 compared to $4.55.

Adjusted EBITDA1 of $269.9 million decreased 10.8% compared to $302.6 million primarily due to lower gross profits on lower net sales.

Net sales

The following table represents net sales by segment for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2024:

	North						Asia/
(in thousands)	America			Europe			Pacific			Total
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2023	$	871,797		$	252,031		$	8,182		$	1,132,010
June 30, 2024	869,771			249,814			7,972			1,127,557
Decrease	$	(2,026)		$	(2,217)		$	(210)		$	(4,453)
Percentage decrease	(0.2)		%	(0.9)		%	(2.6)		%	(0.4)		%

The following table represents segment sales as percentages of total net sales for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2024, respectively:

	North America		Europe		Asia/ Pacific		Total
Percentage of total 2023 net sales	77	%	22	%	1	%	100	%
Percentage of total 2024 net sales	77	%	22	%	1	%	100	%

Gross profit

The following table represents gross profit (loss) by segment for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2024:

	North						Asia/		Admin &
(in thousands)	America			Europe			Pacific		All Other		Total
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2023	$	443,767		$	94,423		$	2,744	$	(593)	$	540,341
June 30, 2024	432,117			89,761			2,162		(939)		523,101
Decrease	$	(11,650)		$	(4,662)		$	(582)	$	(346)	$	(17,240)
Percentage decrease	(2.6)		%	(4.9)		%	*		*		(3.2)		%

* The statistic is not meaningful or material

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The following table represents gross margin by segment for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2024:

	North America		Europe		Asia/ Pacific		Admin & All Other	Total
2023 gross margin percentage	50.9	%	37.5	%	33.5	%	*	47.7	%
2024 gross margin percentage	49.7	%	35.9	%	27.1	%	*	46.4	%

* The statistic is not meaningful or material.

North America

•Net sales decreased 0.2%, primarily due to decreased sales volumes and slightly higher incentives, including an increase in estimated rebates to home builders.

•Gross margin decreased to 49.7% from 50.9%, due to higher factory and tooling as well as warehouse and freight costs as a percentage of net sales, offset by lower raw material costs as a percentage of net sales.

•Research and development and engineering expense increased 4.1%, primarily due to an increase of $2.2 million in professional costs, partially offset by a decrease of $1.1 million of variable compensation.

•Selling expense increased 14.7%, primarily due to increases of $9.1 million in personnel costs, $1.6 million in advertising and trade shows expenses, $1.4 million in travel related expenses, $1.1 million in computer and software expense net of amounts capitalized, partially offset by a decrease of $2.7 million in variable compensation.

•General and administrative expense increased 4.4%, primarily due to increases of $3.1 million in personnel costs, $1.5 million in computer and software expenses, net of amounts capitalized, and $0.6 million in travel related expenses, partially offset by a decrease of $1.8 million in variable compensation.

•Income from operations decreased $26.9 million, due to higher operating expenses.

Europe

•Net sales decreased 0.9%, primarily due to lower sales volumes and some regional price decreases, partially offset by the positive effect of $1.6 million in foreign currency translation.

•Gross margin decreased to 35.9% from 37.5% while gross profit decreased $4.7 million.

•Income from operations decreased $7.0 million, primarily due to lower gross profit.

Asia/Pacific

•For information about the Company's Asia/Pacific segment, please refer to the tables above setting forth changes in our operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Effect of New Accounting Standards

See "Note 1 Basis of Presentation — Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted ” to the accompanying unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have historically met our capital needs through a combination of cash flows from operating activities and, when necessary, borrowings under our credit facilities. Our principal uses of capital include the costs and expenses associated with our operations, including financing working capital requirements and continuing our capital allocation strategy, which includes

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supporting capital expenditures, paying cash dividends, repurchasing the Company's common stock, and financing other investment opportunities from time to time.

On March 30, 2022, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a 5-year revolving credit facility of $450.0 million, which includes a letter of credit sub-facility up to $50.0 million and for a 5-year term loan facility of $450.0 million. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had borrowings of $75.0 million under the revolving credit facility and $399.4 million under the term loan facility, and has $375.0 million available to borrow under the revolving credit facility.

As of June 30, 2024, our cash and cash equivalents consisted of deposits and money market funds held with established national financial institutions including $101.6 million that are held in the local currencies of our foreign operations and could be subject to additional taxation if repatriated to the U.S. The Company is maintaining a permanent reinvestment assertion on its foreign earnings relative to remaining cash held outside the United States.

On August 1, 2024, the Company completed its acquisition of all of the operating assets and assumed liabilities of Monet DeSauw Inc. and certain properties of Callaway Properties, LLC for a total purchase consideration of approximately $59.0 million before normal working capital adjustments.

The following table shows selected financial information as of June 30, 2024, December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively:

	As of June 30,		As of December 31,		As of June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	354,851	$	429,822	$	407,982
Property, plant and equipment, net	459,297		418,612		375,240
Equity investment, goodwill and intangible assets	866,238		883,079		879,386
Working capital excluding cash and cash equivalents	615,900		521,362		567,874

The following table presents the significant categories of cash flows was used or provided during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	119,086	$	197,240
Investing activities	(95,686)		(48,049)
Financing activities	(93,113)		(40,996)

Cash flows from operating activities result primarily from our earnings before non-cash items such as depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation, and are also affected by changes in operating assets and liabilities which consist primarily of working capital balances. Our revenues are derived from manufacturing and sales of building construction materials. Our operating cash flows are impacted by prevailing macro-economic conditions and subject to seasonality, which is cyclically associated with the volume and timing of construction project starts. For example, as a result of seasonality our trade accounts receivable are generally lowest at the end of the fourth quarter and increases during the first, second and third quarters as construction activity ramps in markets we serve.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, operating activities provided $119.1 million in cash, as a result of $173.3 million from net income plus $47.2 million non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation. This amount was partly offset by $101.3 million used for the net change in operating assets and liabilities. The net change in operating assets and liabilities included increases of $95.7 million in trade accounts receivable, $19.3 million in other current assets, partly offset by a decrease of $11.7 million in inventory.

Cash used in investing activities of $95.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily used for facility expansion projects, the acquisition of Calculated Structured Designs, Inc. (CSD), and machinery and equipment purchases. Due

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to updated forecasts on the timing of the spend and subject to future events and circumstances, capital expenditures are estimated to range between $180.0 million and $190.0 million for 2024 including the expected spend of $100.0 million on our previously announced Columbus, Ohio facility expansion and the construction of a new Gallatin, Tennessee facility, with the remaining spend estimated to range between $55.0 million and $60.0 million carrying over to 2025. The remaining capital expenditures will be primarily focused on purchases of new equipment to support increased productivity and efficiencies, enhancements to our existing facilities to expand our manufacturing footprint in-line with increasing customer needs, as well as investments for adjacencies and key growth initiatives.

Cash used in financing activities of $93.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 consisted primarily of $50.0 million is stock repurchases, $22.9 million used to pay dividends to our stockholders and $13.9 million used for debt repayment.

On July 26, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.28 per share payable on October 24, 2024, to the Company's stockholders of record on October 3, 2024.

Since the beginning of 2021 through June 30, 2024, we have returned $356.4 million to stockholders, which represents 43.3% of our free cash flow from operations during the same period, and over the same period the Company has repurchased over 1.6 million shares of the Company's common stock, which represents approximately 3.9% of the outstanding shares of the Company's common stock at the start of 2021.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

(In thousands) (Unaudited)

A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, is set forth below.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net Income	$	97,831	$	107,211	$	173,258	$	195,164
Provision for income taxes	34,859		37,462		57,847		66,903
Interest (income) expense, net and other financing costs	(2,092)		705		(2,443)		1,274
Depreciation and amortization	19,370		18,680		38,559		36,045
Other*	2,603		1,492		2,629		3,196
Adjusted EBITDA	$	152,571	$	165,550	$	269,850	$	302,582

*Other: Includes acquisition integration and restructuring related expenses, other & foreign exchange loss net, and net loss or gain on disposal of assets.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of June 30, 2024.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business.

Foreign Exchange Risk

We have foreign exchange rate risk in our international operations, and through purchases from foreign vendors. Changes in the values of currencies of foreign countries affect our financial position, income statement and cash flows when translated into U.S. Dollars. We estimate that if the exchange rate were to change by 10% in any one country where we have our operations, the change in net income would not be material to our operations taken as a whole.

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We may manage our exposure to transactional exposures by entering into foreign currency forward contracts for forecasted transactions and projected cash flows for foreign currencies in future periods. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, we entered into financial contracts at various times to hedge the risk of fluctuations associated with the Euro and the Chinese Yuan during 2023.

Interest Rate Risk

Our primary exposure to interest rate risk results from outstanding borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which bears interest at variable rates. As of June 30, 2024, the outstanding debt under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement subject to interest rate fluctuations was $474.4 million. The variable interest rates on the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement fluctuate and expose us to short-term changes in market interest rates as our interest obligation on this instrument is based on prevailing market interest rates. Interest rates fluctuate as a result of many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors that are beyond our control.

We have an interest rate swap agreement converting the variable interest rate on the balances outstanding under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to fixed interest rates. The objective of the interest rate swap agreement is to eliminate the variability of the interest payment cash flows associated with the variable interest rate outstanding under the borrowings. We designated the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. Refer to Note 7, "Derivatives and Hedging Instruments", for further information on our interest rate swap contracts in effect as of June 30, 2024.

Commodity Price Risk

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk related to our purchase of steel, a significant raw material upon which our manufacturing depends. Steel cost started to stabilize by the end of 2023 and continue to be stable through the first six months of 2024. While steel is typically available from numerous suppliers, the price of steel is a commodity subject to fluctuations that apply across broad spectrums of the steel market. We do not use any derivative or hedging instruments to manage steel price risk. If the price of steel increases, our variable costs would also increase. While historically we have successfully mitigated these increased costs through the implementation of price increases, in the future we may not be able to successfully mitigate these costs, which could cause our operating margins to decline.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of June 30, 2024, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the chief executive officer the (“CEO”) and the chief financial officer (the “CFO”), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15-d-15(e) under the Exchange Act of 1934. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed reasonably to assure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed reasonably to assure that this information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, does not, however, expect that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures or the Company’s internal control over financial reporting will prevent all fraud and material errors. Internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. In addition, the design of a control system must reflect the facts that there are resource constraints and that the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. The inherent limitations in internal control over financial reporting include the realities that judgments can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls also can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of controls. The design of any system of internal control is also based in part on assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be only reasonable, not absolute assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential events and conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in circumstances, or the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management's evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the three months ended June 30, 2024, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings and other matters arising in the normal course of business. Corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, cracking, material hardness, wood pressure-treating chemicals, misinstallations, misuse, design and assembly flaws, manufacturing defects, labeling defects, product formula defects, inaccurate chemical mixes, adulteration, environmental conditions, or other factors can contribute to failure of fasteners, connectors, anchors, adhesives, specialty chemicals, such as fiber reinforced polymers, and tool products. In addition, inaccuracies may occur in product information, descriptions and instructions found in catalogs, packaging, data sheets, and the Company’s website.

The Company currently is not a party to any legal proceedings which the Company expects individually or in the aggregate to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Nonetheless, the resolution of any claim or litigation is subject to inherent uncertainty and we could in the future incur judgments, enter into settlements of claims or revise our expectations regarding the outcome of the various legal proceedings and other matters we are currently involved in, which could materially impact our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Refer to Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recent developments related to certain of the legal proceedings in which we are involved.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes to our risk factors reported or new risk factors identified since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The table below shows the monthly repurchases of shares of the Company's common stock in the second quarter of 2024.

	(a)	(b)		(c)	(d)
Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased [1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs [2]	Approximate Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs [2] (in thousands)
April 1 - April 30, 2024	185,023	$	176.35	185,000	$	67,376
May 1 - May 31, 2024	98,273	176.81		98,273	$	50,000
June 1 - June 30, 2024	—	—		—	$	50,000
Total	283,296

[1] Total number of shares purchased includes shares withheld for settlement of payroll taxes from stock-based compensation awards vested and for retirement eligible employees who retired during the second quarter of 2024.

[2] On October 19, 2023, the Board authorized the Company to repurchase up to $100.0 million of the Company's common stock, effective January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

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Item 5. Other Information.

None of the Company's directors or officers adopted, modified, or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the Company's fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

 

	EXHIBIT INDEX
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., as amended (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 9, 2018).
3.2	Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 6, 2024).
3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., as amended (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2023).
10.1	Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. Severance Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 6, 2024).
31.1	Chief Executive Officer's Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications is filed herewith.
31.2	Chief Financial Officer's Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications is filed herewith.
32	Section 1350 Certifications are furnished herewith.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Schema Linkbase Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.
		(Registrant)
DATE:	August 6, 2024	By /s/Brian J. Magstadt
		Brian J. Magstadt
		Chief Financial Officer
		(principal accounting and financial officer)

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