UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended:  September 30, 2019

OR 

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                           to                           

Commission file number:  1-13429

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Delaware	94-3196943
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation	(I.R.S. Employer
or organization)	Identification No.)

5956 W. Las Positas Blvd., Pleasanton, CA 94588

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) 

(925) 560-9000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	SSD	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ý  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

  Yes ý  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Large accelerated filer	ý	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐  No ý

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of October 31, 2019: 44,327,218.

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1 - Financial Statements
		Page No.
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019, September 30, 2018, (unaudited) and December 31, 2018	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income (unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (unaudited) at September 30, 2018, 2019 and December 31, 2018	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		19
Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk		30
Item 4 - Controls and Procedures		31
Part II - Other Information
Item 1 - Legal Proceedings		31
Item 1A - Risk Factors		32
Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		32
Item 6 - Exhibits		32

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, unaudited)

	September 30,						December 31,
	2019			2018			2018
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	194,061		$	166,961		$	160,180
Trade accounts receivable, net	180,898			192,981			146,052
Inventories	242,730			279,503			276,088
Assets held-for-sale	—			9,251			—
Other current assets	17,565			12,220			17,209
Total current assets	635,254			660,916			599,529
Property, plant and equipment, net	250,950			257,679			254,597
Operating lease right-of-use assets	34,463			—			—
Goodwill	131,191			136,459			130,250
Equity investment	2,485			2,498			2,487
Intangible assets, net	21,816			25,457			24,402
Other noncurrent assets	10,149			11,604			10,398
Total assets	$	1,086,308		$	1,094,613		$	1,021,663
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
Trade accounts payable	$	40,861		$	42,734		$	34,361
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities	125,006			124,717			117,219
Total current liabilities	165,867			167,451			151,580
Operating lease liabilities	27,256			—			—
Deferred income tax and other long-term liabilities	16,238			13,743			14,569
Total liabilities	209,361			181,194			166,149
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, at par value	446			462			453
Additional paid-in capital	278,898			274,126			276,504
Retained Earnings	649,053			686,351			628,207
Treasury stock	(21,437		)	(24,491		)	(25,000		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(30,013		)	(23,029		)	(24,650		)
Total stockholders’ equity	876,947			913,419			855,514
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,086,308		$	1,094,613		$	1,021,663

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

4

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income

(In thousands except per-share amounts, unaudited)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net sales	$	309,932		$	284,178		$	874,029		$	836,964
Cost of sales	172,288			150,282			491,952			454,881
Gross profit	137,644			133,896			382,077			382,083
Operating expenses:
Research and development and other engineering	11,972			10,441			35,287			32,840
Selling	27,672			26,879			84,471			83,653
General and administrative	37,047			37,358			117,941			113,565
Total operating expenses	76,691			74,678			237,699			230,058
Net gain on disposal of assets	(14		)	(460		)	(265		)	(1,769		)
Income from operations	60,967			59,678			144,643			153,794
Interest income (expense), net and other	(1,778		)	1,156			(2,394		)	284
Income before taxes	59,189			60,834			142,249			154,078
Provision for income taxes	15,503			16,473			36,324			40,202
Net income	$	43,686		$	44,361		$	105,925		$	113,876
Other comprehensive income
Translation adjustment	5,797			(2,950		)	5,825			(10,533		)
Unamortized pension adjustments	(362		)	—			(462		)	—
Comprehensive net income	$	49,121		$	41,411		$	111,288		$	103,343
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.98		$	0.96		$	2.37		$	2.46
Diluted	$	0.97		$	0.95		$	2.35		$	2.43
Number of shares outstanding
Basic	44,477			46,192			44,673			46,375
Diluted	44,814			46,622			44,995			46,770
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.23		$	0.22		$	0.68		$	0.65

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

5

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

At September 30, 2018 and 2019, and December 31, 2018

(In thousands except per-share amounts, unaudited)

						Additional						Accumulated Other
	Common Stock					Paid-in			Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury
	Shares		Par Value			Capital			Earnings			Income (Loss)			Stock			Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	46,745		$	473		$	260,157		$	676,644		$	(12,496	)	$	(40,000	)	$	884,778
Net income	—		—			—			113,876			—			—			113,876
Translation adjustment, net of tax	—		—			—			—			(10,533		)	—			(10,533		)
Options exercised	23		—			695			—			—			—			695
Stock-based compensation	—		—			7,939			—			—			—			7,939
Adoption of ASC 606, net of tax	—		—						791			—			—			791
Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units	177		2			(5,130		)	—			—			—			(5,128		)
Repurchase of common stock	(985	)	—			10,000			—			—			(59,490		)	(49,490		)
Retirement of treasury stock	—		(13		)				(74,986		)	—			74,999			—
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.65 per share	—		—						(29,974		)	—			—			(29,974		)
Common stock issued at $57.41 per share for stock bonus	8		—			465			—			—			—			465
Balance, at September 30, 2018	45,968		462			274,126			686,351			(23,029		)	(24,491		)	913,419
Net income	—		—			—			12,757			—						12,757
Translation adjustment, net of tax	—		—			—			—			(2,378		)	—			(2,378		)
Pension adjustment, net of tax	—		—			—			—			376			—			376
Stock-based compensation	—		—			2,395			—			—			—			2,395
Adoption of new accounting standards	—		—			—			(381		)	381			—			—
Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units	—		—			(17		)	—			—			—			(17		)
Repurchase of common stock	(970	)	—			—			—			—			(61,050		)	(61,050		)
Retirement of common stock	—		(9		)	—			(60,532		)	—			60,541			—
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.22 per share	—		—			—			(9,988		)	—			—			(9,988		)
Balance, at December 31, 2018	44,998		453			276,504			628,207			(24,650		)	(25,000		)	855,514
Net income	—		—			—			105,925			—			—			105,925
Translation adjustment, net of tax	—		—			—			—			(5,825		)	—			(5,825		)
Pension adjustment, net of tax	—		—			—			—			462			—			462
Stock-based compensation	—		—			8,007			—			—			—			8,007
Shares issued from release of Restricted Stock Units	178		2			(5,905		)	—			—			—			(5,903		)
Repurchase of common stock	(854	)	—			—			—			—			(51,437		)	(51,437		)
Retirement of treasury stock	—		(9		)	—			(54,991		)	—			55,000			—
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.68 per share	—		—			—			(30,088		)	—			—			(30,088		)
Common stock issued at $54.31 per share for stock bonus	5		—			292			—			—			—			292
Balance at September 30, 2019	44,327		$	446		$	278,898		$	649,053		$	(30,013	)	$	(21,437	)	$	876,947

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

6

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands, unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	105,925		$	113,876
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Gain on sale of assets and other	(263		)	(1,716		)
Depreciation and amortization	29,044			29,049
Noncash lease expense	5,278			—
Deferred income taxes and other long-term liabilities	2,262			2,061
Noncash compensation related to stock plans	8,699			8,773
Provision of doubtful accounts	435			361
Foreign exchange gain on capital repatriation	—			(1,604		)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Trade accounts receivable	(36,385		)	(58,678		)
Inventories	31,163			(29,233		)
Trade accounts payable	8,130			14,254
Other current assets	(3,197		)	5,099
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities	3,452			26,356
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities	(5,308		)	(629		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	149,235			107,969
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures	(24,495		)	(24,714		)
Asset acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(3,529		)	—
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	2,498			3,539
Net cash used in investing activities	(25,526		)	(21,175		)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repurchase of common stock	(51,437		)	(49,490		)
Proceeds from line of credit	13,308			—
Repayments of line of credit and capital leases	(14,335		)	(702		)
Issuance of common stock for exercise of options	—			695
Dividends paid	(30,002		)	(29,738		)
Cash paid on behalf of employees for shares withheld	(5,905		)	(5,128		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(88,371		)	(84,363		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(1,457		)	(3,984		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	33,881			(1,553		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	160,180			168,514
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	194,061		$	166,961
Noncash activity during the period
Noncash capital expenditures	$	194		$	212
Dividends declared but not paid	10,162			10,134
Issuance of Company’s common stock for compensation	292			465

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

7

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.    Basis of Presentation

 Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). Investments in 50% or less owned entities are accounted for using either cost or the equity method. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Interim Reporting Period

The accompanying unaudited quarterly condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations for reporting on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. These interim statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 Form 10-K”).

The unaudited quarterly condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to state fairly the financial information set forth therein in accordance with GAAP. Certain prior period amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data provided herein were derived from audited financial statements included in the 2018 Form 10-K, but do not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The Company’s quarterly results fluctuate. As a result, the Company believes the results of operations for this interim period presented are not indicative of the results to be expected for any future periods.

The Company changed its presentation of its Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income to display non-operating activities, including foreign exchange gain (loss), and certain other income or expenses as a separate line item below income from operations. Foreign exchange gain (loss), and other was previously included in general and administrative expenses and in income from operations. The change did not affect income before taxes and net income as previously presented for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Revenue Recognition

Generally, the Company's revenue contract with a customer exists when the goods are shipped, services are rendered; and its related invoice is generated. The duration of the contract does not extend beyond the promised goods or services already transferred. The transaction price of each distinct promised product or service specified in the invoice is based on its relative stated standalone selling price. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product to a customer at a point in time. The Company’s shipping terms provide the primary indicator of the transfer of control. The Company's general shipping terms are F.O.B. shipping point, where title and risk and rewards of ownership transfer at the point when the products leave the Company's warehouse. The Company recognizes revenue based on the consideration specified in the invoice with a customer, excluding any sales incentives, discounts, and amounts collected on behalf of third parties (i.e., governmental tax authorities). Based on historical experience with the customer, the customer's purchasing pattern and its significant experience selling products, the Company concluded that a significant reversal in the cumulative amount of revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty (if any) is resolved (that is, when the total amount of purchases is known). Refer to Note 2 for additional information.

Net Income Per Common Share

The Company calculates net income per common share based on the weighted-average number of the Company's common stock outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive securities are included in the diluted per-share calculations using the treasury stock method for all periods when the effect is dilutive.

8

Accounting for Leases

The Company has operating and finance leases for certain facilities, equipment, autos and data centers. As an accounting policy for short-term leases, the Company elected to not recognize the right-of-use asset and liability, if, at the commencement date, the lease (1) has a term of 12 months or less and (2) does not include renewal and purchase options that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. Monthly payments on short-term leases are recognized on the straight-line basis over the full lease term.

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes stock-based expense related to restricted stock unit awards on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally a vesting term of four years. Stock-based expense related to performance share grants are measured based on the grant date fair value and expensed on a graded basis over the service periods of the awards, which is generally a performance period of three years. The assumptions used to calculate the fair value of options or restricted stock units are evaluated and revised, as necessary, to reflect market conditions and the Company's experience.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured and classified under a three-tier fair valuation hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs available in the market: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; and Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

As of September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s investments included in cash equivalents consisted of only money market funds, which are the Company’s primary financial instruments and carried at cost, approximating fair value, based on Level 1 inputs. The balance of the Company’s primary financial instruments as of September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $0.1 million and $7.6 million, respectively. The carrying amounts of trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration related to acquisitions is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy as it is based on unobserved inputs such as management estimates and entity-specific assumptions and is evaluated on an ongoing basis.

Income Taxes

The Company uses an estimated annual tax rate to measure the tax benefit or tax expense recognized in each interim period.

Acquisitions

Under the business combinations topic ASC 805, the Company accounts for acquisitions as business combinations and ascribes acquisition-date fair values to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities. Provisional fair value measurements are made at the time of the acquisition. Adjustments to those measurements may be made in subsequent periods, up to one year from the acquisition date, as information necessary to complete the analysis is obtained. The fair value of intangible assets are generally based on Level 3 inputs.

Accounting Standards - To Be Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13 amendments provide guidance on accounting for current expected credit losses on financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income, including loans held for investment, held-to-maturity debt securities, trade and other receivables, net investment in leases and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. The required measurement methodology is based on expected loss model that includes historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 eliminates the probable incurred loss recognition in current GAAP. ASU 2016-13 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

9

Accounting Standards - Recently Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). The core requirement of ASU 2016-02 is to recognize assets and liabilities that arise from leases, including those leases classified as operating leases. The amendments require a lessee to recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset ("ROU") representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term in the statement of financial position. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 using the optional transition method. The Company elected and applied a few practical transition expedients including, not reassessing whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; not reassessing the lease classification for any expired or existing leases and not reassessing initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company has operating and finance leases for certain facilities, equipment, autos and data centers. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 resulted in the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities of approximately $34.3 million and $35.1 million, respectively on January 1, 2019. The adoption had no material impact on the condensed consolidated statement of operations or cash flows. See Note 10.

All other issued and effective accounting standards during the third quarter of 2019 were determined to be not relevant or material to the Company.

2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregated revenue

The Company disaggregates net sales into the following major product groups as described in the footnote for segment information included in these interim financial statements under Note 13.

Wood Construction Products Revenue. Wood construction products represented 84% and 85% of total net sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Concrete Construction Products Revenue. Concrete construction products represented 16% and 15% of total net sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Customer acceptance criteria. Generally, there are no customer acceptance criteria included in the Company's standard sales agreement with customers. When an arrangement with the customer does not meet the criteria to be accounted for as a revenue contract under the standard, the Company recognizes revenue in the amount of nonrefundable consideration received when the Company has transferred control of the goods or services and has stopped transferring (and has no obligation to transfer) additional goods or services. The Company offers certain customers discounts for paying invoices ahead of the due date, which are generally between 30 to 60 days after the issue date.

Other revenue. Service sales, representing after-market repair and maintenance, engineering activities and software license sales and services were less than 1.0% of net sales and recognized as the services are completed or the software products and services are delivered. Services may be sold separately or in bundled packages. The typical contract length for a service is generally less than one year. For bundled packages, the Company accounts for individual services separately when they are distinct. A distinct service is separately identifiable from other items in the bundled package if a customer can benefit from the service on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The consideration (including any discounts) is allocated between separate services in a bundle based on their stand-alone selling prices. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells the services.

Reconciliation of contract balances

Contract assets are the rights to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the Company has transferred to a customer when that right is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Contract liabilities are recorded for any services billed to customers and not yet recognizable if the contract period has commenced or for the amount collected from customers in advance of the contract period commencing. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had no contract assets or contract liabilities from contracts with customers.

3.    Net Income Per Share

10

The following table reconciles basic net income per share of the Company's common stock to diluted net income per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net income available to common stockholders	$	43,686	$	44,361	$	105,925	$	113,876
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding	44,477		46,192		44,673		46,375
Dilutive effect of potential common stock equivalents — restricted stock units	337		430		322		395
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	44,814		46,622		44,995		46,770
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.98	$	0.96	$	2.37	$	2.46
Diluted	$	0.97	$	0.95	$	2.35	$	2.43

4.    Stockholders' Equity

Share Repurchases

During the third quarter of 2019, the Company repurchased 348,901 shares of the Company's common stock in the open market at an average price of $61.44 per share, for a total of $21.4 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 854,349 shares of the Company's common stock in the open market at an average price of $60.21 per share, for a total of $51.4 million. As of September 30, 2019, approximately $48.6 million remains available for repurchase under the previously announced $100.0 million share repurchase authorization (which expires at the end of 2019).

5.    Stock-Based Compensation

The Company allocates stock-based compensation expense related to equity plans for employees and non-employee directors among the cost of sales, research and development and other engineering expense, selling expense, or general and administrative expense based on the job functions performed by the employees to whom the stock-based compensation is awarded. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to its equity plans for employees of $2.1 million and $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $8.7 million and $8.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Stock-based compensation cost capitalized in inventory was not material for all periods presented.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company granted 208,321 restricted stock units ("RSUs") to the Company's employees, including officers, and seven non-employee directors at an estimated weighted average fair value of $57.73 per share based on the closing price (adjusted for the present value of dividends) of the Company's common stock on the grant date. The RSUs granted to the Company's employees may be time-based, performance-based or time- and performance-based. Certain of the performance-based RSUs are granted to officers and key employees, where the number of performance-based awards to be issued is based on the achievement of certain Company performance criteria established in the RSU agreement over a cumulative three year period. These awards cliff vest after three years. In addition, these same officers and key employees also receive time-based RSUs, which vest pursuant to a three-year graded vesting schedule. Time- and performance based RSUs that are granted to the Company's employees excluding officers and certain key employees, vest ratably over the four year life of the award, and require the underlying shares of the Company's common stock to be subject to a performance-based adjustment during the first year of the award.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company's aggregate unamortized stock compensation expense was approximately $13.2 million, which is entirely attributable to unvested RSUs and is expected to be recognized in expense over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.

6.    Trade Accounts Receivable, Net

Trade accounts receivable at the dates indicated consisted of the following: 

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	At September 30,						At December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2018
Trade accounts receivable	$	186,219		$	197,378		$	149,886
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(1,434		)	(1,312		)	(1,364		)
Allowance for sales discounts and returns	(3,887		)	(3,085		)	(2,470		)
	$	180,898		$	192,981		$	146,052

7.    Inventories

Inventories at the dates indicated consisted of the following: 

	At September 30,				At December 31,
(in thousands)	2019		2018		2018
Raw materials	$	91,088	$	114,075	$	98,058
In-process products	24,554		28,251		24,645
Finished products	127,088		137,177		153,385
	$	242,730	$	279,503	$	276,088

8.    Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant and equipment, net, at the dates indicated consisted of the following: 

	At September 30,						At December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2018
Land	$	29,132		$	30,173		$	30,034
Buildings and site improvements	197,075			203,323			198,809
Leasehold improvements	4,909			4,694			4,826
Machinery, equipment, and software	345,861			323,091			330,076
	576,977			561,281			563,745
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(339,920		)	(316,768		)	(318,388		)
	237,057			244,513			245,357
Capital projects in progress	13,893			13,166			9,240
	$	250,950		$	257,679		$	254,597

9.    Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

Goodwill at the dates indicated was as follows: 

	At September 30,				At December 31,
(in thousands)	2019		2018		2018
North America	$	96,192	$	95,677	$	96,435
Europe	33,710		39,404		32,471
Asia/Pacific	1,289		1,378		1,344
Total	$	131,191	$	136,459	$	130,250

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Intangible assets, net, at the dates indicated were as follows: 

	At September 30, 2019
	Gross					Net
	Carrying		Accumulated			Carrying
(in thousands)	Amount		Amortization			Amount
North America	$	31,305	$	(18,461	)	$	12,844
Europe	23,351		(14,379		)	8,972
Total	$	54,656	$	(32,840	)	$	21,816

	At September 30, 2018
	Gross					Net
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Carrying Amount
North America	$	30,715	$	(15,993	)	$	14,722
Europe	23,935		(13,200		)	10,735
Total	$	54,650	$	(29,193	)	$	25,457

	At December 31, 2018
	Gross					Net
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Carrying Amount
North America	$	30,825	$	(16,002	)	$	14,823
Europe	22,353		(12,774		)	9,579
Total	$	53,178	$	(28,776	)	$	24,402

Intangible assets consist of definite-lived and indefinite-lived assets. Definite-lived intangible assets include customer relationships, patents, unpatented technology, and non-compete agreements. Amortization expense of definite-lived intangible assets was $1.4 million for each of the three-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and was $4.1 million and $4.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period for all amortizable intangibles on a combined basis is 5.2 years.

The only indefinite-lived intangible asset, consisting of a trade name, totaled $0.6 million at September 30, 2019.

At September 30, 2019, the estimated future amortization of definite-lived intangible assets was as follows: 

(in thousands)
Remaining three months of 2019	$	1,371
2020	5,460
2021	4,981
2022	3,118
2023	2,314
2024	1,349
Thereafter	2,607
	$	21,200

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The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, were as follows: 

				Intangible
(in thousands)	Goodwill			Assets
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	130,250		$	24,402
Acquisitions	1,815			1,213
Reclassifications	(370		)	481
Amortization	—			(4,065		)
Foreign exchange	(504		)	(215		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	131,191		$	21,816

10.     Leases

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02 using the optional transition method. The Company has operating leases for certain facilities, equipment and autos. The existing operating leases expire at various dates through 2023, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years. The Company measured the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments are discounted using the Company's incremental borrowing rate. The Company measured the ROU assets at the amount at which the lease liability is recognized plus initial direct costs incurred or prepayment amounts. The ROU assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The following table provides a summary of leases included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of earnings, and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as of September 30, 2019:

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Line Item	At September 30, 2019
(in thousands)
Operating leases
Assets
Operating leases	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	34,463
Liabilities
Operating - current	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,037
Operating - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities	27,256
Total operating lease liabilities		$	34,293
Finance leases
Assets
Property and equipment, gross	Property, plant and equipment, net	$	3,569
Accumulated amortization	Property, plant and equipment, net	(2,578		)
Property and equipment, net	Property, plant and equipment, net	$	991
Liabilities
Other current liabilities	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	1,116
Other long-term liabilities	Deferred income tax and other long-term liabilities	764
Total finance lease liabilities		$	1,880

The components of lease expense were as follows:

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	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations Line Item	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)		2019		2019
Operating lease cost	General administrative expenses and cost of sales	$	2,379	$	6,784
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	General administrative expenses	$	218	$	654
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense, net	16		54
Total finance lease		$	234	$	708

Other information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	2,324	$	6,604
Finance cash flows for finance leases	290		870
Operating right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations during the current period	1,616		3,704

The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2019:

(in thousands)	Operating Leases			Finance Leases
Remaining three months of 2019	$	2,355		$	290
2020	8,928			1,160
2021	7,441			484
2022	5,307			—
2023	3,590			—
Thereafter	13,551			—
Total lease payments	41,172			1,934
Less: Present value discount	(6,879		)	(54		)
Total lease liabilities	$	34,293		$	1,880

The following table summarizes the Company's lease terms and discount rates as of September 30, 2019:

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Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating leases	6.72
Finance leases	1.68
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases	5.37	%
Finance leases	3.23	%

11.    Debt

Credit Facilities

The Company has revolving lines of credit with various banks in the United States and Europe. Total available credit at September 30, 2019, was $303.2 million including revolving credit lines and an irrevocable standby letter of credit in support of various insurance deductibles. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had an outstanding balance of $0.5 million under these credit lines, and no amounts outstanding as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company was in compliance with its financial covenants at September 30, 2019.

12.    Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

From time to time, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings and other matters arising in the normal course of business, including those arising from or related to contractual matters, commercial disputes, intellectual property, personal injury, environmental matters, product performance or warranties, product liability, insurance coverage and personnel, labor and employment disputes.

Litigation can be expensive and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are often uncertain and difficult to predict, and the Company's view of these matters may change in the future as the litigation and events related thereto unfold. The Company expenses legal fees as incurred. The Company records a provision for contingent losses when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. An unfavorable outcome to any legal matter, if material, could have an adverse effect on the Company's operations or its financial position, liquidity or results of operations. Insurance coverages are maintained and estimated costs are recorded for such claims and lawsuits, including costs to settle claims and lawsuits, based on experience involving similar matters and specific facts known. The Company believes that its defenses and assertions in pending legal proceedings have merit and does not believe that any of these pending matters, after consideration of applicable reserves and rights to indemnification, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position. However, substantial unanticipated verdicts, fines and rulings do sometimes occur. As a result, the Company could from time to time incur judgments, enter into settlements or revise its expectations regarding the outcome of certain matters, and such developments could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations in the period in which the amounts are accrued and/or its cash flows in the period in which the amounts are paid.

The Company previously recorded a charge to administrative expense of approximately $2.9 million, net of tax for a certain pending legal proceeding during the period ended December 31, 2018. The Company has recorded an additional charge of approximately $100,000 in the period ended September 30, 2019, resulting in the total charge recorded for such matter being approximately $3.0 million, net of tax.

Gentry Homes, Ltd. v. Simpson Strong-Tie Company, Inc., et al., Case No. 17-cv-00566, was filed in federal district court in Hawaii against Simpson Strong-Tie Company, Inc. and Simpson Manufacturing, Inc. on November 20, 2017.  The Gentry case is a product of a previous state court class action, Nishimura v. Gentry Homes, Ltd., et al. which is now closed.  The Nishimura case concerned alleged corrosion of the Company’s galvanized strap-tie holdowns and mudsill anchor products used in a residential project in Honolulu, Hawaii, Ewa by Gentry.  In the Nishimura case, the plaintiff homeowners and the developer, Gentry, arbitrated their dispute and agreed on a settlement in the amount of $90 million, with $54 million going to repair costs and $36 million going to attorney's fees.  In the Gentry case, Gentry alleges breach of warranty and negligent misrepresentation related to the Company’s strap-tie holdowns and mudsill anchor products. Gentry is demanding general, special, and consequential damages from the Company in an amount to be proven at trial.  Gentry also seeks pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, attorneys’ fees and costs, and other relief. 

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Stephen Kaneshiro, et al. v. Stanford Carr Development, LLC et al./Stanford Carr Development, LLC, et al. v. Simpson Strong-Tie Company, Inc., Civil No. 18-1-1472-09 VLC, is a putative class action lawsuit filed in the Hawaii First Circuit.  The Company was added as a third-party defendant on December 28, 2018.  The homeowner plaintiffs allege that all homes built by Stanford Carr Development and its subsidiaries (collectively "Stanford Carr") in the State of Hawaii have strap-tie holdowns and mudsill anchors that are suffering premature corrosion. Stanford Carr has asserted indemnity and contribution claims against the Company. 

Potential Third-Party Claims

Charles Vitale, et al. v. D.R. Horton, Inc. and D.R. Horton-Schuler Homes, LLC, Civil No. 15-1-1347-07, a putative class action lawsuit, was filed in the Hawaii First Circuit on July 13, 2015, in which homeowner plaintiffs allege that all homes built by D.R Horton/D.R. Horton-Schuler Homes (collectively "Horton Homes") in the State of Hawaii have strap-tie holdowns that are suffering premature corrosion. The court has denied a motion for statewide class certification.  The Company is not currently a party to the Vitale lawsuit. If claims are asserted against the Company in the Vitale case, it will vigorously defend any such claims, whether brought by the plaintiff homeowners, or third party claims by Horton Homes. Based on facts currently known to the Company and subject to future events and circumstances, the Company believes that all or part of any claims that any party might seek to allege against it related to the Vitale case may be covered by its insurance policies.

13.    Segment Information

The Company is organized into three reportable segments, which are defined by the regions where the Company’s products are manufactured, marketed and distributed to the Company’s customers. The three regional segments are the North America segment, comprising primarily the United States and Canada; the Europe segment, comprising continental Europe and the United Kingdom; and the Asia/Pacific segment, comprising the Company’s operations in China, Hong Kong, the South Pacific and the Middle East. The Company's China and Hong Kong operations are manufacturing and administrative support locations, respectively. These three reportable segments are similar in several ways, including the types of materials used in production, production processes, distribution channels and product applications. The Company’s measure of profit or loss for its reportable segments is income (loss) from operations.

The following tables illustrate certain measurements used by management to assess the performance of its reportable segments as of or for the following periods: 

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net Sales
North America	$	265,505		$	239,898		$	746,009		$	705,932
Europe	42,219			42,020			121,647			124,096
Asia/Pacific	2,208			2,260			6,373			6,936
Total	$	309,932		$	284,178		$	874,029		$	836,964
Sales to Other Segments*
North America	$	520		$	683		$	1,327		$	1,889
Europe	479			140			1,568			740
Asia/Pacific	7,600			7,586			21,272			20,907
Total	$	8,599		$	8,409		$	24,167		$	23,536
Income (Loss) from Operations**
North America	$	56,844		$	56,280		$	139,489		$	152,724
Europe	5,386			3,953			9,645			6,053
Asia/Pacific	(481		)	(86		)	(837		)	(1,749		)
Administrative and all other	(782		)	(469		)	(3,654		)	(3,234		)
Total	$	60,967		$	59,678		$	144,643		$	153,794

*    Sales to other segments are eliminated in consolidation.

**     Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, income from inter-segment sales, previously included in income from operations for segment reporting, is now presented below income from operations. Income from inter-segment sales is eliminated in consolidation but was an expense in the North America and Europe segment and income in the Asia/Pacific segment.

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							At
	At September 30,						December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2018
Total Assets
North America	$	1,246,617		$	1,080,910		$	1,119,012
Europe	169,183			208,888			157,437
Asia/Pacific	28,009			28,448			25,644
Administrative and all other	(357,501		)	(223,633		)	(280,430		)
Total	$	1,086,308		$	1,094,613		$	1,021,663

Cash collected by the Company’s United States subsidiaries is routinely transferred into the Company’s cash management accounts and, therefore, has been included in the total assets of “Administrative and all other.” Cash and cash equivalent balances in the “Administrative and all other” segment were $135.9 million, $87.5 million, and $113.6 million, as of September 30, 2019 and 2018, and December 31, 2018, respectively. Total "Administrative and all other" assets are net of inter-segment due to and from accounts eliminated in consolidation.

While the Company manages its business by geographic segment, the following table illustrates the distribution of the Company’s net sales by product group as additional information for the following periods:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Wood construction products	$	255,869	$	238,230	$	731,898	$	710,880
Concrete construction products	53,947		45,832		141,883		125,847
Other	116		116		248		237
Total	$	309,932	$	284,178	$	874,029	$	836,964

Wood construction products include connectors, truss plates, fastening systems, fasteners and pre-fabricated shearwalls, and are used for connecting and strengthening wood-based construction primarily in the residential construction market. Concrete construction products include adhesives, chemicals, mechanical anchors, carbide drill bits, powder actuated tools and fiber reinforcing materials, and are used for restoration, protection or strengthening concrete, masonry and steel construction in residential, industrial, commercial and infrastructure construction.

The Company’s largest customer, attributable mostly to the North America segment, accounted for 11.0% and 11.3% of net sales for three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and 10.5% of net sales, accounted for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

14.    Subsequent Events

On October 24, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.23 per share, estimated to be $10.2 million in total. The dividend will be payable on January 23, 2020, to the Company's stockholders of record on January 2, 2020.

In November 2019, the Company sold its selling and distribution facility in British Columbia, Canada for approximately $9.5 million in net proceeds after closing costs and sale price adjustments, which resulted in an estimated gain on disposal of fixed assets of $5.6 million. To provide a temporary transition until the Company relocates to the new leased facility, the Company is leasing back the sold facility from the buyer for approximately five months. The Company treated the leaseback transaction as a short-term lease and will recognize the rent expense on the straight-line basis over the lease term.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

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Each of the terms the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms used herein refer collectively to Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc., unless otherwise stated. The Company regularly uses its website to post information regarding its business and governance. The Company encourages investors to use http://www.simpsonmfg.com as a source of information about the Company.

“Strong-Tie” and our other trademarks appearing in this report are our property. This report contains additional trade names and trademarks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply an endorsement or sponsorship of us by such companies, or any relationship with any of these companies.

CAUTIONARY NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “target,” “continue,” “predict,” “project,” “change,” “result,” “future,” “will,” “could,” “can,” “may,” “likely,” “potentially,” or similar expressions that concern our strategy, plans, expectations or intentions. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about future financial and operating results, our plans, objectives, business outlook, priorities, expectations and intentions, expectations for sales growth, comparable sales, earnings and performance, stockholder value, capital expenditures, cash flows, the housing market, the home improvement industry, demand for services, share repurchases, our strategic initiatives, including the impact of these initiatives on our strategic and operational plans and financial results, and any statement of an assumption underlying any of the foregoing and other statements that are not historical facts. Although we believe that the expectations, opinions, projections and comments reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements involve risks and uncertainties and we can give no assurance that such statements will prove to be correct. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements.

Forward-looking statements are subject to inherent uncertainties, risk and other factors that are difficult to predict and could cause our actual results to vary in material respects from what we have expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those expressed in our forward looking statements include, among others, those discussed under the Item 1A. Risk Factors and Item7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the 2018 Form 10-K.

We caution that you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and in our other reports filed with the SEC that advise of the risks and factors that may affect our business.

Overview

We design, manufacture and sell building construction products that are of high quality and performance, easy to use and cost-effective for customers. We operate in three business segments determined by geographic region: North America, Europe and Asia/Pacific.

Our strategic plan for growth includes increasing our market share and profitability in Europe; growing our market share in the concrete space; and continuing to develop our software to support our core wood products offering while leveraging our strengths in engineering, sales and distribution, and our strong brand name. We believe these initiatives and objectives are crucial to not only offer a more complete solution to our customers and bolster our sales of core wood connector products, but also to mitigate the effect of the cyclicality of the U.S. housing market.

On October 30, 2017, we announced the 2020 Plan to provide additional transparency into the execution of our strategic plan and financial objectives. Under the 2020 Plan, we initially assumed (i) housing starts growing as a percentage in the mid-single digit, (ii) increasing our market share and profitability in Europe, and (iii) gaining market share in both our truss and concrete product offerings. At the time of the announcement, our 2020 Plan was centered on the following three key operational objectives.

• First, a continued focus on organic growth with a goal to achieve a net sales compounded annual growth rate of approximately 8% (from $860.7 million reported in fiscal 2016) through fiscal 2020.

• Second, rationalizing our cost structure to improve company-wide profitability by reducing total operating expenses as a percentage of net sales from 31.8% in fiscal 2016 to a range of 26.0% to 27.0% by fiscal 2020. We expect to achieve this initiative, aside from top-line growth, through cost reduction measures in Europe and our concrete product line, zero-based budgeting for certain expense categories, a SKU reduction program to right-size our product offering and a

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commitment to remaining headcount neutral (except in the production and sales departments to meet demands from sales growth). Offsetting these reductions will be the Company’s ongoing investment in its software initiatives as well as the expenses associated with our ongoing SAP implementation, which includes increasing headcount when necessary.

• Third, improving our working capital management and overall balance sheet discipline primarily through the reduction of inventory levels in connection with the implementation of Lean principles in many of our factories. This included improving our inventory turn rate from two-times a year for fiscal 2016 to four-times by the end of 2020. With these efforts, we believed we could achieve an additional 25% to 30% reduction of our raw materials and finished goods inventory through 2020 without impacting day-to-day production and shipping procedures.

Since 2016, organic net sales has grown at a compound annual growth rate of 10%. Based on current trends and conditions, we expect to achieve our 8% net sales goal.

We are continuing to work towards reducing our operating expenses to a range of 26% to 27% of net sales by the end of 2020. Operating expenses as a percentage of net sales were 24.7% and 26.3% for the quarters ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively, and 27.2% and 27.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively. In dollars, operating expenses increased $2.0 million from the quarter ended September 30, 2018 to the quarter ended September 30, 2019 (mostly due to increased personnel costs) and increased $7.6 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (mostly due to increased consulting fees and personnel costs). In late 2017 and throughout 2018, we engaged a leading management consultant to perform an independent in-depth analysis of our operations, which contributed towards a reduction of expenses in 2018 and could potentially result in initiatives that reduce expenses beyond the 2020 Plan as well as improvements to net working capital. We incurred additional success-based consulting expenses in 2018 and 2019 due to these initiatives. These fees concluded as of the end of September 30, 2019. We expect these related consulting fees incurred in 2018 and 2019 will have a one-year or less pay back.

When we initiated our 2020 Plan in October 2017, it did not factor in macro events out of our control such as a volatile steel market as well as steel tariffs and other trade events. Given increases in raw material cost and resulting degradation on our gross profit margins from 48% in 2016, we recasted our 2020 target for improving our operating income margin to a range of 16% to 17% by the end of 2020. This is revised down from our prior 2020 target range of 21% to 22%, and in-line to slightly up compared to our operating margin of 16.4% in 2016. While the gross margin pressures have caused us to revise this goal, it’s important to note that rationalizing our cost structure has helped mitigate further downward pressure on our operating profit margins. We also recasted operating margins for Europe from a target of 10% by the end of 2020, which includes approximately 2% of net sales in costs associated with the SAP implementation, to a range of 6% to 7%, including the same 2% of SAP implementation costs. Higher material costs have also contributed to this revision yet it still reflects a 700-800 basis point improvement from 2016 and substantial progress in the segment.

Since 2016, we have reduced our inventory in North America, which is the bulk of our total inventory, by over 18% in pounds on hand, including an approximate 22% reduction in finished goods, while total dollars on hand increased marginally by a little over 1%.

We accomplished this reduction in inventory in pounds on hand even as three particular factors have transpired since October of 2017 when we released the 2020 Plan that have required us to build more inventory than expected:

• we pro-actively increased our anchor inventory in anticipation of potential tariffs on our mechanical anchor finished goods from China, as well as in anticipation of additional demand related to The Home Depot, Inc. ("Home Depot") rollout;

• we bought an additional allotment of steel in order to mitigate the potential impact of availability; and

• we have inventory levels to ensure we can meet our customer needs as we continue our SAP roll-out.

Since 2016, our weighted average cost per pound of total inventory on hand and raw materials on hand in North America, which we cannot control, increased. As a result, there has not been a marked improvement in our inventory turns based on dollars and we no longer believe we can achieve an inventory turn rate of four-times per year by the end of 2020. We continue to strive to effectively manage our inventory by what we can control as a way of improving our use of working capital.

Through execution on the 2020 Plan, we expected by the end of fiscal 2020 to achieve a return on invested capital ⁽¹⁾ target within the range of 17% to 18% from 10.5% in 2016. Given the pressure on gross margins, we updated our expectation for return on invested capital to be in a range of 15% to 16% by 2020. The Company's return on invested capital was 13.0% for the last four quarters ended September 30, 2019. Meeting the return on invested capital target is dependent on the Company's ability to return capital to our shareholders, usually in the form of cash dividends or share repurchases of the Company's common stock, which

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may or may not occur at the same levels as prior years. Nonetheless, we remain committed to returning 50% of our cash flows from operations through fiscal 2020.

We believe our ability to achieve industry-leading gross profit margins and operating income margins is due to the high level of value-added services that we provide to our customers. Aside from our strong brand recognition and trusted reputation, the Company is unique due to our extensive product testing capabilities and our state-of-the-art test lab; strong customer support and education for engineers, builders and contractors; a deep 40-plus year relationships with engineers that get our products specified on the blueprint and pulled through to the job site; product availability with delivery, typically, in 24 hours to 48 hours; and an active involvement with code officials to improve building codes and construction practices. Based on current information, we expect the competitive environment to be relatively stable with U.S. single-family housing starts to be flat or growing in the low single digits for the remainder of 2019 compared to 2018. For the purposes of re-defining our 2020 Plan objectives, during years 2017 to 2020 we assume U.S. single-family housing starts growing, as a percentage, in the low-single digits on average.

Prior to the 2020 Plan, acquisitions were part of a dual-fold approach to growth. Our strategy since has primarily focused on organic growth, supported by strategic capital investments in the business. As such, we have and will continue to focus less on acquisitions activities, especially in the concrete repair space. However, we will from time to time evaluate acquisition opportunities and if the right opportunity arises we are open to acquisitions in other areas of our business, such as in our core fastener space, which is an area where we believe it would be beneficial to gain additional production capacity to support our wood business or to enhance our wood and concrete product portfolio with additional value–added products, we may pursue the opportunities.

Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

Unlike lumber or other products that have a more direct correlation to housing starts, our products are used to a greater extent in areas that are subject to natural forces, such as seismic or wind events. Our products are generally used in a sequential process that follows the construction process. Residential and commercial construction begins with the foundation, followed by the wall and the roof systems, and then the installation of our products, which flow into a project or a house according to these schedules.

Our sales also tend to be seasonal, with operating results varying from quarter to quarter. With some exceptions, our sales and income have historically been lower in the first and fourth quarters than in the second and third quarters of a fiscal year, as our customers tend to purchase construction materials in the late spring and summer months for the construction season. Weather conditions, such as extended cold or wet weather, which affect and sometimes delay installation of some of our products, could negatively affect our results of operations. Political, economic events such as tariffs and the possibility of additional tariffs on imported raw materials or finished goods or such as labor disputes can also have an effect on our gross and operating profits as well as the amount of inventory on-hand.

ERP Integration

In July 2016, our Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a plan to replace our current in-house enterprise resource planning ("ERP") and externally sourced accounting platforms with a fully integrated ERP platform from SAP America, Inc. ("SAP") in multiple phases by location at all facilities plus our headquarters, with a focus on configuring, instead of customizing, the standard SAP modules.

We went live with our first wave of the SAP implementation project in February of 2018, and we implemented SAP at two additional locations in 2019. We are tracking toward rolling out SAP technology in our remaining U.S. branches by early 2020, and company-wide completion of the SAP roll-out during 2021. While we believe the SAP implementation will be beneficial to the Company over time, annual operating expenses have and are expected to continue to increase through 2024 as a result of the ERP project, primarily due to increases in training costs and the depreciation of previously capitalized costs. As of September 30, 2019, we have capitalized $19.2 million and expensed $22.4 million of the costs, including depreciation of capitalized costs associated with the ERP project.

Business Segment Information

Our North America segment has generated more revenues primarily from wood construction products compared to concrete construction products. During the nine months' period ended on September 30, 2019, economic conditions and wet weather resulted in lower than projected single-family housing starts, which decreased wood construction product sales volumes over the same time period. Wood construction product sales volume decreased compared to the first nine months of 2018, partly due to lower U.S. housing starts as a result, in part due to unusually wet conditions across the U.S with the first 6 months of 2019 being the wettest on record over the past 125 years according to the National Weather Service. Concrete construction product sales volume increased compared to the first nine months of 2018, which was also mostly due to increased sales volumes. Our wood

21

construction product net sales increased 9% for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to increased sales volumes. Our concrete construction product net sales increased 22% for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2018 also mostly due to increased sales volumes. Looking ahead to the fourth quarter, we are cautiously optimistic that demand will be steady until winter weathers slows or stops new construction. Operating expenses increased $3.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 compared to the quarter ended 2018 and increased $12.7 million for the first nine months of 2019 compared to the first nine months of 2018.

In late 2016, we collaborated with Home Depot to make our mechanical anchor line of products available in Home Depot stores.  We continue to rollout our mechanical anchor line of products at Home Depot stores and seek to add additional products.

Our Europe segment also generates more revenues from wood construction products than concrete construction products. For the first nine months of 2019, concrete construction product net sales increased compared to the first nine months of 2018. Europe net sales were also negatively affected by foreign currency translations resulting from Europe currencies weakening against the United States dollar. In local currency, Europe net sales increased primarily due to increases in average product prices. Wood construction product sales decreased for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2018. Concrete construction product sales are mostly project-based, and net sales increased 7% for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to timing of projects. Operating expenses decreased $1.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2018 and decreased $4.8 million for the first nine months of 2019 compared to the first nine months of 2018. See “Europe” below.

Our Asia/Pacific segment has generated revenues from both wood and concrete construction products. We believe that the Asia/Pacific segment is not significant to our overall performance.

(1 ) When referred to above, the Company’s return on invested capital (“ROIC”) for a fiscal period is calculated based on (i) the net income of the last four quarters as presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations prepared pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”), as divided by (ii) the average of the sum of the total stockholders’ equity and the total long-term liabilities at the beginning of and at the end of such period, as presented in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets prepared pursuant to GAAP for that applicable year. For the purposes of comparability in this calculation, total long-term liabilities excludes long-term operating lease liabilities, which were recognized as of September 30, 2019 as a result of the January 1, 2019 adoption of ASU 2016-02. As such, the Company’s ROIC, a ratio or statistical measure, is calculated using exclusively financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP.

Business Outlook

Based on current business trends and conditions, our outlook for fiscal 2019 is as follows:

• 2019 full-year gross margin is estimated to be in the range of approximately 43.5% to 44.0%.

• 2019 full-year operating expenses, as a percentage of net sales, is estimated to be between approximately 27.5% and 28.5%.

• 2019 full-year effective tax rate will be between approximately 25.5% to 26.5% including both federal and state income tax rates.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019, Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018

Unless otherwise stated, the below results, when providing comparisons (which are generally indicated by words such as “increased,” “decreased,” “unchanged” or “compared to”), compare the results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2019, against the results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Unless otherwise stated, the results announced below, when referencing “both quarters,” refer to the three months ended September 30, 2018 and the three months ended September 30, 2019.

The Company changed its presentation of its consolidated statement of operations to display non–operating activities, including foreign exchange gain (loss), and certain other income or expenses as a separate item below income from operations. Foreign exchange gain (loss), and other income or expenses were previously included in general and administrative expenses, and in income from operations, respectively. Income before tax and net income for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 presented below were not affected by the change in presentation.

Third Quarter 2019 Consolidated Financial Highlights

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The following table illustrates the differences in our operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2019, from the three months ended September 30, 2018, and the increases or decreases for each category by segment:

	Three Months Ended															Three Months Ended
				Increase (Decrease) in Operating Segment
	September 30,			North						Asia/			Admin &			September 30,
(in thousands)	2018			America			Europe			Pacific			All Other			2019
Net sales	$	284,178		$	25,607		$	199		$	(52	)	$	—		$	309,932
Cost of sales	150,282			21,602			19			386			(1		)	172,288
Gross profit	133,896			4,005			180			(438		)	1			137,644
Research and development and other engineering expense	10,441			1,593			(36		)	(26		)	—			11,972
Selling expense	26,879			1,418			(438		)	(187		)	—			27,672
General and administrative expense	37,358			(28		)	(768		)	173			312			37,047
	74,678			2,983			(1,242		)	(40		)	312			76,691
Gain on sale of assets	(460		)	459			(11		)	(2		)	—			(14		)
Income from operations	59,678			563			1,433			(396		)	(311		)	60,967
Interest expense, net and other	1,156			(1,962		)	(438		)	(486		)	(48		)	(1,778		)
Income before income taxes	60,834			(1,399		)	995			(882		)	(359		)	59,189
Provision for income taxes	16,473			(1,348		)	88			(137		)	427			15,503
Net income	$	44,361		$	(51	)	$	907		$	(745	)	$	(786	)	$	43,686

Net sales increased 9.1% to $309.9 million from $284.2 million. Net sales to home centers, dealer distributors, lumber dealers and contract distributors increased primarily due to increases in sales volumes and higher average product prices. Wood construction product net sales, including sales of connectors, truss plates, fastening systems, fasteners and shearwalls, represented 83% and 84% of the Company's total net sales in the third quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Concrete construction product net sales, including sales of adhesives, chemicals, mechanical anchors, powder actuated tools and reinforcing fiber materials, represented 17% and 16% of the Company's total net sales in the third quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Gross profit increased 2.8% to $137.6 million from $133.9 million. Gross profit margins decreased to 44.4% from 47.1%, primarily due to increases in material, factory and overhead expense (on lower production) and labor costs each as a percentage of net sales. Gross profit margins, including some inter-segment expenses, which were eliminated in consolidation, and excluding other expenses that are allocated according to product group, decreased to 44.4% from 47.3% for wood construction products and decreased to 41.6% from 43.4% for concrete construction products, respectively.

Research and development and engineering expense increased 14.7% to $12.0 million from $10.4 million, primarily due to an increase of $1.9 million in personnel costs, which was mostly due to reclassifying employees from general and administrative to research and development and engineering.

Selling expense increased 3.0% to $27.7 million from $26.9 million, primarily due to an increase of $1.8 million in personnel costs, partly offset by decreases of $0.6 million in cash profit sharing and sales commissions and $0.6 million in professional fees.

General and administrative expense decreased 0.8% to $37.0 million from $37.4 million, primarily due to reclassifying employees from general and administrative to research and development and engineering, as well as decreases of $0.9 million in cash profit sharing expense and $0.6 million in consulting and professional fees. Included in general and administrative expense are SAP implementation and support costs of $3.6 million, which increased $1.6 million from the prior quarter.

Our effective income tax rate decreased to 26.2% from 27.1%.

Consolidated net income was $43.7 million compared to $44.4 million. Diluted net income per common share was $0.97 compared to $0.95.

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Net sales

The following table represents net sales by segment for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

	North						Asia/
(in thousands)	America			Europe			Pacific			Total
Three months ended
September 30, 2018	$	239,898		$	42,020		$	2,260		$	284,178
September 30, 2019	265,505			42,219			2,208			309,932
Increase (decrease)	$	25,607		$	199		$	(52	)	$	25,754
Percentage Increase (decrease)	10.7		%	0.5		%	(2.3		)%	9.1		%

The following table represents segment net sales as percentages of total net sales for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

	North America		Europe		Asia/ Pacific		Total
Percentage of total 2018 net sales	84	%	15	%	1	%	100	%
Percentage of total 2019 net sales	86	%	14	%	—	%	100	%

Gross profit

The following table represents gross profit by segment for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

	North						Asia/			Admin &
(in thousands)	America			Europe			Pacific			All Other		Total
Three months ended
September 30, 2018	$	116,969		$	16,034		$	893		$	—	$	133,896
September 30, 2019	120,974			16,214			455			1		137,644
Increase (decrease)	$	4,005		$	180		$	(438	)	$	1	$	3,748
Percentage Increase (decrease)	3.4		%	1.1		%	*			*		2.8		%

* The statistic is not meaningful or material.

The following table represents gross profit as a percentage of sales by segment for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

	North America		Europe		Asia/ Pacific		Admin & All Other	Total
2018 gross profit percentage	48.8	%	38.2	%	39.5	%	*	47.1	%
2019 gross profit percentage	45.6	%	38.4	%	20.6	%	*	44.4	%

* The statistic is not meaningful or material.

North America

• Net sales increased 10.7%, primarily due to increases in sales volumes and higher average sales prices. Canada's net sales were negatively affected by foreign currency translation.

• Gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased to 45.6% from 48.8% primarily due to increases in material costs, factory and overhead costs (on lower production) and labor costs, each as a percentage of net sales.

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• Research and development and engineering expense increased $1.6 million, primarily due to an increase of $1.8 million in personnel costs, which was mostly due to moving certain employees, whose primary responsibilities changed during 2019, from general and administrative to research and development and engineering.

• Selling expense increased $1.4 million, primarily due to increases of $1.8 million in personnel costs, $0.5 million in advertising and promotional expenses, partly offset by decreases of $0.6 million in professional fees.

• General and administrative expense decreased slightly, which was mostly due to moving certain employees, whose primary responsibilities changed during 2019, from general and administrative to research and development and engineering. Included in general and administrative expense are SAP related costs of $2.9 million, which increased $1.2 million from the prior quarter.

• Income from operations increased slightly by $0.4 million, primarily due to increased gross profit, partly offset by increased operating expenses.

Europe

• Net sales increased 0.5%, despite approximately $2.3 million of negative foreign currency translations resulting from European currencies weakening against the United States dollar. In local currency, Europe net sales increased primarily due to increases in both volume and average product price.

• Gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased to 38.4% from 38.2%. Europe gross profit was also negatively affected by foreign currency translation.

• Selling expense decreased $0.4 million, primarily due to decreases of $0.3 million in cash profit sharing and sales commissions.

• General and administrative expense decreased $0.8 million, primarily due to decreases of $0.3 million in severance expense, $0.2 million in personnel costs and $0.2 million in cash profit sharing expense. Included in general and administrative expense are SAP related costs of $0.7 million, which increased $0.4 million from the prior quarter.

• Income from operations increased $1.4 million, primarily due to lower operating expenses.

Asia/Pacific

• For information about the Company's Asia/Pacific segment, please refer to the tables above setting forth changes in our operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019, Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Unless otherwise stated, the results announced below, when providing comparisons (which are generally indicated by words such as “increased,” “decreased,” “unchanged” or “compared to”), compare the results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, against the results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Unless otherwise stated, the results announced below refer to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Year-to-Date (9-month) 2019 Consolidated Financial Highlights

The following table illustrates the differences in our operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, from the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and the increases or decreases for each category by segment:

25

	Nine Months Ended			Increase (Decrease) in Operating Segment												Nine Months Ended
	September 30,			North						Asia/			Admin &			September 30,
(in thousands)	2018			America			Europe			Pacific			All Other			2019
Net sales	836,964			$	40,077		$	(2,449	)	$	(563	)	$	—		$	874,029
Cost of sales	454,881			39,323			(1,267		)	(1,064		)	79			491,952
Gross profit	382,083			754			(1,182		)	501			(79		)	382,077
Research and development and other engineering expense	32,840			2,876			(143		)	(286		)	—			35,287
Selling expense	83,653			2,694			(1,573		)	(303		)	—			84,471
General and administrative expense	113,565			7,157			(3,285		)	162			342			117,941
	230,058			12,727			(5,001		)	(427		)	342			237,699
Gain on sale of assets	(1,769		)	1,263			226			15			—			(265		)
Income from operations	153,794			(13,236		)	3,593			913			(421		)	144,643
Interest expense, net and other	284			(1,765		)	131			(1,465		)	421			(2,394		)
Income before income taxes	154,078			(15,001		)	3,724			(552		)	—			142,249
Provision for income taxes	40,202			(5,508		)	1			356			1,273			36,324
Net income	$	113,876		$	(9,493	)	$	3,723		$	(908	)	$	(1,273	)	$	105,925

Net sales increased 4.4% to $874.0 million from $837.0 million. Net sales to home centers, dealer distributors and lumber dealers increased, primarily due to increases in average product prices and concrete construction product sales volumes. Net sales to contractor distributors decreased. Wood construction product net sales, including sales of connectors, truss plates, fastening systems, fasteners and shearwalls, represented 84% and 85% of the Company's total net sales in both the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Concrete construction product net sales, including sales of adhesives, chemicals, mechanical anchors, powder actuated tools and reinforcing fiber materials, represented 16% and 15% of the Company's total net sales in both the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Gross profit was flat at $382.1 million for both the first nine months of 2019 and 2018. Gross profit margins decreased to 43.7% from 45.7%, primarily due to increases in material and labor costs as a percentage of net sales, all as a percentage of net sales. The gross profit margins, including some inter-segment expenses, which were eliminated in consolidation, and excluding other expenses that are allocated according to product group, decreased to 43% from 46% for wood construction products and increased to 42% from 39% for concrete construction products.

Research and development and engineering expense increased 7.5% to $35.3 million from $32.8 million primarily due to an increase of $3.7 million in personnel costs, which was mostly due to moving certain employees, whose primary responsibilities changed during 2019, from general and administrative to research and development and engineering, partly offset by decreases of $0.5 million in supply expense, $0.4 million in cash profit sharing expense and $0.2 million in professional and legal fees.

Selling expense increased 1.0% to $84.5 million from $83.7 million, primarily due to increases of $3.1 million in personnel costs and $0.6 million in professional fees, partly offset by decreases of $2.1 million in cash profit sharing, sales commissions and agent commissions expense, $0.5 million in advertising and promotional expense and $0.2 million in stock-based compensation expense.

General and administrative expense increased 3.9% to $117.9 million from $113.6 million, primarily due to increases of $4.9 million in consulting and legal fees, $1.1 million in computer software and hardware costs, $1.0 million in personnel expense, $0.5 million in facility expense and $0.4 million in stock-based compensation, partly offset by decreases of $1.9 million in cash profit sharing expense and $1.9 million in severance expense. Included in general and administrative expense are costs associated with the SAP implementation and support of $9.4 million, an increase of $2.1 million over the first nine-months of 2018.

Gain on sale of assets - In 2016, an eminent domain claim was exercised on land owned by the Company with an offer for the taking of land. The Company challenged the offer, which resulted in the Company receiving an additional $1.0 million in the first quarter of 2018 for the taking of the land, which occurred in 2016.

Our effective income tax rate decreased to 25.5% from 26.1%.

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Consolidated net income was $105.9 million compared to $113.9 million. Diluted net income per common share was $2.35 compared to $2.43.

Net sales

The following table represents net sales by segment for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively:

	North						Asia/
(in thousands)	America			Europe			Pacific			Total
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2018	$	705,932		$	124,096		$	6,936		$	836,964
September 30, 2019	746,009			121,647			6,373			874,029
Increase (decrease)	$	40,077		$	(2,449	)	$	(563	)	$	37,065
Percentage increase (decrease)	5.7		%	(2.0		)%	(8.1		)%	4.4		%

The following table represents segment net sales as percentages of total net sales for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively:

	North America		Europe		Asia/ Pacific		Total
Percentage of total 2018 net sales	84	%	15	%	1	%	100	%
Percentage of total 2019 net sales	85	%	14	%	1	%	100	%

Gross profit

The following table represents gross profit by segment for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively:

	North						Asia/		Admin &
(in thousands)	America			Europe			Pacific		All Other			Total
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2018	$	335,497		$	45,082		$	1,423	$	81		$	382,083
September 30, 2019	336,251			43,900			1,924		2			382,077
Increase (decrease)	$	754		$	(1,182	)	$	501	$	(79	)	$	(6	)
Percentage increase (decrease)	0.2		%	(2.6		)%	*		*			—		%

* The statistic is not meaningful or material.

The following table represents gross profit as a percentage of sales by segment for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively:

(in thousand)	North America		Europe		Asia/ Pacific		Admin & All Other	Total
2018 gross profit percentage	47.5	%	36.3	%	20.5	%	*	45.7	%
2019 gross profit percentage	45.1	%	36.1	%	30.2	%	*	43.7	%

* The statistic is not meaningful or material.

North America

• Net sales increased 5.7%, primarily due to increased average product prices, partly offset by lower sales volumes. Canada's net sales were negatively affected by approximately $1.2 million due to foreign currency translation. In local currency, Canada net sales increased primarily due to increases in average product prices.

.

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• Gross profit margin decreased to 45.1% from 47.5%, primarily due to increases in material costs, labor costs and factory and overhead costs (on lower production), each as a percentage of net sales.

• Research and development and engineering expense increased $2.9 million, primarily due to an increase of $3.3 million in personnel costs, which was mostly due to reclassifying employees from general and administrative to research and development and engineering.

• Selling expense increased $2.7 million, primarily due to increases of $3.6 million in personnel costs and $0.6 million in professional fees, partly offset by decreases of $1.5 million in cash profit sharing, sales commissions and agent commissions expense, $0.3 million in advertising and promotional expense and $0.2 million in stock-based compensation expense.

• General and administrative expense increased $7.2 million, primarily due to increases of $5.1 million in consulting and legal fees, $1.2 million in personnel costs, $1.0 million in computer software and hardware costs, $0.7 million in facility expense, partly offset by decreases of $0.9 million in cash profit sharing expense. Included in general and administrative expense are costs associated with the SAP implementation of $7.4 million, an increase of $1.5 million over the first nine-months of 2018. These expenses were primarily professional fees.

• Gain on sale of assets - In 2016, an eminent domain claim was exercised on land owned by the Company with an offer for the taking of the land. The Company challenged the offer, which resulted in the Company receiving an additional $1.0 million in the first quarter of 2018 for the taking of the land.

• Income from operations decreased $13.2 million, mostly due to increased operating expenses.

Europe

• Net sales decreased 2.0%, primarily due to approximately $8.2 million of negative foreign currency translations resulting from some Europe currencies weakening against the United States dollar. In local currency, Europe net sales increased primarily due to increases in both average product prices and volume.

• Gross profit margins decreased to 36.1% from 36.3%, primarily due to an increase in material costs as a percentage of net sales, partly offset by lower shipping and warehouse costs. Europe gross profit was negatively affected by foreign currency translation.

• Selling expense decreased $1.6 million, primarily due to decreases of $0.7 million in advertising and promotional expense, $0.6 million in agent commission expense, and $0.2 million in personnel costs.

• General and administrative expense decreased $3.3 million, primarily due to decreases of $2.0 million in severance costs and $1.0 million in personnel costs. Included in general and administrative expense are costs associated with the SAP implementation of $1.9 million for the first nine-months of 2019, and an increase of $0.4 million over the first nine-months of 2018. These expenses were primarily professional fees.

• Income from operations increased $3.6 million, primarily due to lower operating expenses.

Asia/Pacific

• For information about the Company's Asia/Pacific segment, please refer to the tables above setting forth changes in our operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Effect of New Accounting Standards

See "Note 1 Basis of Presentation — Recently Adopted Accounting Standards” and “Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted” to the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity and Sources of Capital

28

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from operations and our $300.0 million credit facility that expires on July 23, 2021. As of September 30, 2019, there were no amounts outstanding under this facility.

Our principal uses of liquidity include the costs and expenses associated with our operations, continuing our capital allocation strategy, which includes growing our business by internal improvements, repurchasing our common stock, paying cash dividends, and meeting other liquidity requirements for the next twelve months.

As of September 30, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents consisted of deposits and money market funds held with established national financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents of $55.8 million are held in the local currencies of our foreign operations and could be subject to additional taxation if repatriated to the United States. The Company is maintaining a permanent reinvestment assertion on its foreign earnings relative to remaining cash held outside the United States.

The following table presents selected financial information as of September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, respectively:

	At September 30,		At December 31,		At September 30,
(in thousands)	2019		2018		2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	194,061	$	160,180	$	166,961
Property, plant and equipment, net	250,950		254,597		257,679
Goodwill, intangible assets and equity investment	155,492		157,139		164,414
Working capital	469,387		447,949		493,465

The following table provides cash flow indicators for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	149,235		$	107,969
Investing activities	(25,526		)	(21,175		)
Financing activities	(88,371		)	(84,363		)

Cash flows from operating activities result primarily from our earnings, and are also affected by changes in operating assets and liabilities which consist primarily of working capital balances. As a building construction materials manufacturer, our operating cash flows are subject to seasonality and are cyclically associated with the volume and timing of construction project starts. For example, trade accounts receivable is generally at its lowest at the end of the fourth quarter and increases during the first, second and third quarters.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, operating activities provided $149.2 million in cash and cash equivalents, as a result of $105.9 million from net income and $45.5 million from non-cash adjustments to net income, which included depreciation and amortization expense and stock-based compensation expense. The increase is partly offset by a decrease of $2.1 million in the net change in operating assets and liabilities, including an increase of $36.4 million in trade accounts receivable, partly offset by a decrease of $31.2 million in inventory. Cash used in investing activities of $25.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 consisted primarily of $24.5 million for property, plant and equipment expenditures. Cash used in financing activities of $88.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 consisted primarily of $51.4 million used for share repurchases and $30.0 million used to pay cash dividends.

Capital Allocation Strategy

We have a strong cash position and remain committed to seeking growth opportunities in lines of building products where we can leverage our expertise in engineering, testing, manufacturing and distribution to invest in and grow our business. Those opportunities include internal improvements or acquisitions that fit within our strategic growth plan. Additionally, we have financial flexibility and are committed to providing returns to our stockholders. Below are highlights of our execution on our capital allocation strategy, first announced in August 2015 and updated in August 2016.

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• Our asset acquisitions, net of cash acquired and proceeds from sales of business, in 2017, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $18.5 million, $2.0 million and $3.5 million, respectively.

• Our capital spending in 2017, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $58.0 million, $29.3 million and $24.5 million, respectively, which was primarily used for real estate improvements, machinery and equipment purchases and software in development. Based on current information and subject to future events and circumstances, we estimate that our full-year 2019 capital spending will be approximately $30 million to $35 million, including $7 to $10 million on maintenance-type capital expenditures, assuming all such projects will be completed by the end of 2019. Based on current information and subject to future events and circumstances, we estimate that our full-year 2019 depreciation and amortization expense will be approximately $39 million to $41 million, of which approximately $33 million to $35 million is related to depreciation.

• On April 26, 2019, the Board raised the quarterly cash dividend by 4.5% to $0.23 per share. On October 24, 2019, the Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.23 per share, estimated to be $10.2 million in total. The dividend will be payable on January 23, 2020, to the Company's stockholders of record on January 2, 2020.

• During 2019, the Company purchased 854,349 shares of the Company's common stock on the open market at an average price of $60.21 per share, for a total of $51.4 million. In total, as illustrated in the table below, the Company has repurchased over six-and-a-half million shares of the Company's common stock, which represents approximately 13.3% of our shares of common stock outstanding at the beginning of 2015. Including dividends, we have returned cash of $501.6 million, which represents 77.7% of our total cash flow from operations during the same period. We expect to continue to repurchase shares as the opportunities present themselves

• .

(in thousands)	Number of Shares Repurchased	Cash Paid for Share Repurchases		Cash paid for Dividends		Total
January 1 - September 30, 2019	854	$	51,437	$	30,002	$	81,439
January 1 - December 31, 2018	1,955	110,540		39,891		150,431
January 1 - December 31, 2017	1,138	70,000		36,981		106,981
January 1 - December 31, 2016	1,244	53,502		32,711		86,213
January 1 - December 31, 2015	1,339	47,144		29,352		76,496
Total	6,530	$	332,623	$	168,937	$	501,560

• As of September 30, 2019, approximately $48.6 million remained available under the $100.0 million repurchase authorization, which expires December 31, 2019.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2019.

Inflation and Raw Materials

We believe that the effect of inflation has not been material in recent years, as general inflation rates have remained relatively low. Our main raw material is steel. As such, increases in steel prices may adversely affect our gross profit margin if we cannot recover the higher costs through price increases.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course

of our business.

Foreign Exchange Risk

The Company has foreign exchange rate risk in its international operations, and through purchases from foreign vendors. Changes in the values of currencies of foreign countries affect our financial position, income statement and cash flows when translated into U.S. dollars. The Company does not currently hedge this risk. The Company estimates that if the exchange rate were to change

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by 10% in any one country where the Company has operations, the change in net income would not be material to the Company’s operations taken as a whole.

Foreign currency translation adjustments on the Company's underlying assets and liabilities resulted in an accumulated other comprehensive profit of $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, due to the strengthening of the United States dollar in relation to almost all currencies.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company has no variable interest-rate debt outstanding.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of September 30, 2019, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the chief executive officer (“CEO”) and the chief financial officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed reasonably to assure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed reasonably to assure that this information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, does not, however, expect that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures or the Company’s internal control over financial reporting will prevent all fraud and material errors. Internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. In addition, the design of a control system must reflect the facts that there are resource constraints and that the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. The inherent limitations in internal control over financial reporting include the realities that judgments can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls also can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of controls. The design of any system of internal control is also based in part on assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential events and conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in circumstances, or the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. In 2016, we began the process of implementing a fully integrated ERP platform from SAP America, Inc. (“SAP”), as part of a multi-year plan to integrate and upgrade our systems and processes. The first phase of this implementation became operational, at most of our North America sales, production, warehousing and administrative locations on February 5, 2018, and on April 1, 2019. We believe the necessary steps have been taken to monitor and maintain appropriate internal control over financial reporting during this period of change and will continue to evaluate the operating effectiveness of related key controls during subsequent periods.

As the phased implementation of this system continues, we are experiencing certain changes to our processes and procedures which, in turn, result in changes to our internal control over financial reporting. While we expect SAP to strengthen our internal financial controls by automating certain manual processes and standardizing business processes and reporting across our organization, management will continue to evaluate and monitor our internal controls as each of the affected areas evolves. For a discussion of risks related to the implementation of new systems, see Item 1A - "Risk Factors - Other Risks - We rely on complex software systems and hosted applications to operate our business, and our business may be disrupted if we are unable to successfully/efficiently update these systems or convert to new systems." in the 2018 Form 10-K.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management's evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the three months ended September 30, 2019 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

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From time to time, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings and other matters arising in the normal course of business. Corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, cracking, material hardness, wood pressure-treating chemicals, misinstallations, misuse, design and assembly flaws, manufacturing defects, labeling defects, product formula defects, inaccurate chemical mixes, adulteration, environmental conditions, or other factors can contribute to failure of fasteners, connectors, anchors, adhesives, specialty chemicals, such as fiber reinforced polymers, and tool products. In addition, inaccuracies may occur in product information, descriptions and instructions found in catalogs, packaging, data sheets, and the Company’s website.

The Company currently is not a party to any legal proceedings, which the Company expects individually or in the aggregate to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Nonetheless, the resolution of any claim or litigation is subject to inherent uncertainty and we could in the future, incur judgments, enter into settlements of claims or revise our expectations regarding the outcome of the various legal proceedings and other matters we are currently involved in, which could materially impact our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. See “Note 12 — Commitments and Contingencies” to the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for certain potential third-party claims.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We are affected by risks specific to us, as well as risks that generally affect businesses operating in global markets. In addition to the information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in the 2018 Form 10-K (available at www.simpsonmfg.com/docs/10K-2018.pdf or www.sec.gov). The risks discussed in the 2018 Form 10-K and information provided elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known or we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The table below presents the monthly repurchases of shares of our common stock in the third quarter of 2019.

	(a)	(b)		(c)	(d)
Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs [1]	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased under the Plans or Programs [1]
July 1 - July 31, 2019	78,000	$	60.48	78,000	$65.3 million
August 1 - August 31, 2019	270,901	$	61.79	270,901	$48.6 million
September 1 - September 30, 2019	—	—		—	$48.6 million
Total	348,901

^[1] Pursuant to the Board’s $100.0 million repurchase authorization that was publicly announced on February 4, 2019, which authorization is scheduled to expire on December 31, 2019.

Item 6. Exhibits.

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	EXHIBIT INDEX
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., as amended, are incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 9, 2018
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., as amended, are incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of its Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 28, 2017.
31.1	Chief Executive Officer's Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications is filed herewith.
31.2	Chief Financial Officer's Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications is filed herewith.
32	Section 1350 Certifications are furnished herewith.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Schema Linkbase Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.
		(Registrant)
DATE:	November 6, 2019	By /s/Brian J. Magstadt
		Brian J. Magstadt
		Chief Financial Officer
		(principal accounting and financial officer)

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