Form of Letter of Transmittal

Delivery of this Letter of Transmittal to an address other than as set forth above does not constitute a valid delivery. You must sign this Letter of Transmittal in the appropriate space provided therefor and complete the enclosed Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Form W-9. The instructions set forth in this Letter of Transmittal should be read carefully before this Letter of Transmittal is completed.

This Letter of Transmittal is to be used by stockholders of Orchid Cellmark Inc., either if Share certificates (as defined below) are to be forwarded herewith or, unless an Agent’s Message (as defined in Instruction 2) is utilized, if delivery of Shares is to be made by book-entry transfer to an account maintained by the Depositary at DTC (as defined in, and pursuant to the procedures set forth in, Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase). Stockholders whose Share certificates are not immediately available or who cannot deliver either the certificates for, or a Book-Entry Confirmation (as defined in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase) with respect to, their Shares, and all other documents required hereby to the Depositary before the Expiration Date (as defined in the Offer to Purchase) may tender their Shares in accordance with the guaranteed delivery procedures set forth in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase. See Instruction 2.

Delivery of documents to DTC does not constitute delivery to the Depositary.

SPECIAL PAYMENT INSTRUCTIONS

(See Instructions 1, 5, 6 and 7)

To be completed ONLY if the check for the purchase price of Shares tendered and accepted for payment is to be sent to and/or Share certificates not tendered or not accepted for payment is/are to be registered in the name of someone other than the undersigned.

Issue:

Check

Certificate(s) to:

Name

(Please Print)

Address

(Include Zip Code)

(Tax Identification or Social Security Number)

SPECIAL DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS

(See Instructions 1, 5, 6 and 7)

To be completed ONLY if the check for the purchase price of Shares tendered and accepted for payment and/or Share certificates not tendered or not accepted for payment is/are to be sent to someone other than the undersigned or to the undersigned at an address other than that above.

Deliver:

Check

Certificate(s) to:

Name

(Please Print)

Address

(Include Zip Code)

(Tax Identification or Social Security Number)

The undersigned hereby tenders to OCM Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Purchaser”) and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, a Delaware corporation (“LabCorp”), the above described shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), of Orchid Cellmark Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Orchid Cellmark”), including, to the extent outstanding, the associated preferred stock purchase rights, if any, (the “Rights”) issued under the Rights Agreement, dated July 27, 2001, as amended, between Orchid Cellmark and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as rights agent (such Rights, to the extent outstanding, together with the shares of the Common Stock, the “Shares”), at a price per Share of $2.80 without interest, subject to any tax withholding, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Offer to Purchase, dated April 19, 2011 (the “Offer to Purchase”), receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, and this Letter of Transmittal (which, together with any amendments or supplements thereto or hereto, collectively constitute the “Offer”), receipt of which is hereby acknowledged.

Upon the terms of the Offer, and effective upon acceptance for payment of the Shares tendered herewith in accordance with the terms of the Offer, the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers to, or upon the order of, Purchaser, all right, title and interest in and to the Shares tendered herewith and any and all cash dividends, distributions, rights, or other securities issued or issuable in respect of the Shares on or after April 5, 2011 (“Distributions”) and irrevocably constitutes and appoints American Stock Transfer & Trust Company (the “Depositary”), the true and lawful agent and attorney-in-fact and proxy of the undersigned with respect to such Shares and any Distributions, with full power of substitution (such power of attorney being deemed to be an irrevocable power coupled with an interest), to the full extent of the undersigned’s rights with respect to such Shares and any Distributions or of the undersigned’s rights with respect to such Shares and any Distributions (a) to deliver certificates for such Shares and any Distributions or transfer ownership of such Shares and any Distributions on the account books maintained by DTC together, in any such case, with all accompanying evidences of transfer and authenticity to, or upon the order of, Purchaser, (b) to present such Shares and any Distributions for transfer on Orchid Cellmark’s books and (c) to receive all benefits and otherwise exercise all rights of beneficial ownership of such Shares and any Distributions, all in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer.

The undersigned represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to tender, sell, assign and transfer the tendered Shares and any Distributions and, when the same are accepted for payment by Purchaser, Purchaser will acquire good title thereto, free and clear of all liens, restrictions, claims and encumbrances and the same will not be subject to any adverse claim or right. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned is the registered owner of the Shares or the Share certificate(s) have been endorsed to the undersigned in blank or the undersigned is a participant in DTC whose name appears on a security position listing participant as the owner of the Shares. The undersigned will, upon request, execute and deliver any additional documents deemed necessary or desirable by the Depositary or Purchaser to complete the sale, assignment and transfer of Shares and any Distributions tendered to Purchaser and accepted for payment. In addition, the undersigned shall promptly remit and transfer to the Depositary for the account of Purchaser any and all Distributions in respect of the Shares tendered hereby and accepted for payment, accompanied by appropriate documentation of transfer and, pending such remittance or appropriate assurance thereof, Purchaser shall be entitled to all rights and privileges as owner of any such Distributions and may withhold the entire purchase price or deduct from the purchase price the amount or value thereof, as determined by Purchaser in its sole discretion.

All authority conferred or agreed to be conferred in this Letter of Transmittal shall be binding upon the successors, assigns, heirs, executors, administrators and legal representatives of the undersigned and shall not be affected by, and shall survive, the death or incapacity of the undersigned. Except as stated in the Offer to Purchase, the tender of Shares hereby is irrevocable.

The undersigned hereby irrevocably appoints designees of Purchaser as such stockholder’s agents and attorneys-in-fact and proxies, each with full power of substitution, to the full extent of such stockholder’s rights with respect to the Shares tendered by such stockholder which have been accepted for payment by Purchaser and with respect to any Distributions. All such proxies will be considered coupled with an interest in the tendered Shares and Distributions. Such appointment will be effective when, and only to the extent that, Purchaser accepts for payment Shares tendered by such stockholder as provided herein. Upon the effectiveness of such appointment, all prior powers of attorney, proxies and consents given by such stockholder with respect to such Shares or associated Distributions will, without further action, be revoked and no subsequent powers of attorney, proxies, consents or revocations may be given by such stockholder (and, if given, will not be deemed effective). When the appointment of the proxy becomes effective, the designees of Purchaser will thereby be empowered to exercise all voting and other rights with respect to such Shares and associated Distributions, including, without limitation, in respect of any special meeting in connection with the Merger and, to the extent permitted by applicable law and Orchid Cellmark’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, any other annual, special or adjourned meeting of Orchid Cellmark’s stockholders, actions by written consent in lieu of any such meeting or otherwise, as they in their sole discretion deem proper. Purchaser reserves the right to require that, for Shares to be deemed validly tendered, immediately upon Purchaser’s acceptance for payment of such Shares, Purchaser must be able to exercise full voting, consent and other rights with respect to such Shares and associated Distributions, including voting at any meeting of stockholders.

Purchaser’s acceptance for payment of Shares validly tendered according to any of the procedures described in the Offer to Purchase and in the Instructions hereto will constitute a binding agreement between the undersigned and Purchaser upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer (and if the Offer is extended or amended, the terms and conditions of such extension or amendment). It is understood that the undersigned will not receive payment for the Shares unless and until the Shares are accepted for payment and until the Share certificate(s) owned by the undersigned are received by the Depositary at the address set forth above, together with such additional documents as the Depositary may require, or, in the case of Shares held in book-entry form, ownership of Shares is validly transferred on the account books maintained by DTC, and until the same are processed for payment by the Depositary. Without limiting the foregoing, if the price to be paid in the Offer is amended in accordance with the Merger Agreement (as defined in the Offer to Purchase), the price to be paid to the undersigned will be the amended price despite the fact that a different price is stated in this Letter of Transmittal. Under certain circumstances set forth in the Offer to Purchase, Purchaser may not be required to accept for payment any of the Shares tendered hereby. All questions as to the validity, form, eligibility (including time of receipt) and acceptance of any tender of Shares, including questions as to the proper completion or execution of this Letter of Transmittal, Notice of Guaranteed Delivery or other required documents and as to the proper form for transfer of any Share certificate(s), shall be resolved by Purchaser, in its sole discretion, whose determination shall be final and binding.

Purchaser reserves the right to assign to LabCorp and/or one or more wholly owned subsidiaries of LabCorp any of its rights under the Merger Agreement, including the right to purchase Shares tendered in the Offer, but any such transfer or assignment will not relieve LabCorp or Purchaser of its obligations under the Offer and will in no way prejudice the undersigned’s rights to receive payment for Shares validly tendered and accepted for payment in the Offer.

Unless otherwise indicated herein under “Special Payment Instructions,” please issue the check for the purchase price and/or return any Share certificates not tendered or accepted for payment in the name(s) of the registered holder(s) appearing under “Description of Shares Tendered.” Similarly, unless otherwise indicated under “Special Delivery Instructions,” please mail the check for the purchase price and/or return any Share certificates not tendered or accepted for payment (and any accompanying documents, as appropriate) to the address(es) of the registered holder(s) appearing under “Description of Shares Tendered.” In the event that both the “Special Delivery Instructions” and the “Special Payment Instructions” are completed, please issue the check for the purchase price and/or return any Share certificates not tendered or accepted for payment (and any accompanying documents, as appropriate) in the name(s) of, and deliver such check and/or return such certificates (and any accompanying documents, as appropriate) to, the person(s) so indicated. Please credit any Shares tendered herewith by book-entry transfer that are not accepted for payment by crediting the account at DTC designated above. Purchaser has no obligation under the “Special Payment Instructions” to transfer any Shares from the name of the registered holder thereof if Purchaser does not accept for payment any of the Shares so tendered.

Must be signed by registered holder(s) exactly as name(s) appear(s) on certificate(s) for the Shares or on a security position listing or by person(s) authorized to become registered holder(s) by certificates and documents transmitted herewith. If signature is by a trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, attorney-in-fact, officer of a corporation or other person acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, please provide the following and see Instruction 5.

1. Guarantee of Signatures. No signature guarantee is required on this Letter of Transmittal if (a) this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered holder(s) (which term, for purposes of this Instruction, includes any participant in DTC’s system whose name appears on a security position listing as the owner of the Shares) of Shares tendered herewith and such registered holder has not completed either the box entitled “Special Delivery Instructions” or the box entitled “Special Payment Instructions” on this Letter of Transmittal or (b) the Shares tendered herewith are tendered for the account of a financial institution (including most commercial banks, savings and loan associations and brokerage houses) that is a participant in the Security Transfer Agent Medallion Program, or other “eligible guarantor institution,” as such term is defined in Rule 17Ad-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (such institution, an “Eligible Institution”). In all other cases, all signatures on this Letter of Transmittal must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution. See Instruction 5. If a Share certificate is registered in the name of a person other than the signer of this Letter of Transmittal, or if payment is to be made, or a Share certificate not tendered or not accepted for payment is to be returned, to a person other than the registered holder of the certificates surrendered, then the tendered Share certificate must be endorsed or accompanied by appropriate stock powers, in either case signed exactly as the name or names of the registered holders or owners appear on the Share certificate, with the signature(s) on the certificates or stock powers guaranteed by an Eligible Institution. See Instruction 5.

2. Requirements of Tender. This Letter of Transmittal is to be completed by stockholders either if certificates are to be forwarded herewith or, unless an Agent’s Message is utilized, if delivery of Shares is to be made according to the procedures for book-entry transfer set forth in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase. A manually executed facsimile of this document may be used in lieu of the original. Share certificate(s) representing all physically tendered Shares, or confirmation of any book-entry transfer into the Depositary’s account at DTC of Shares tendered by book-entry transfer, as well as this Letter of Transmittal properly completed and duly executed with any required signature guarantees, unless an Agent’s Message in the case of a book-entry transfer is utilized, and any other documents required by this Letter of Transmittal, must be received by the Depositary at one of its addresses set forth herein prior to the Expiration Date (as defined in the Offer to Purchase). Please do not send your Share certificate(s) directly to Purchaser, LabCorp, the Dealer Manager, the Information Agent or DTC.

Stockholders whose Share certificates are not immediately available or who cannot deliver their certificates and all other required documents to the Depositary or complete the procedures for book-entry transfer before the Expiration Date may tender their Shares by properly completing and duly executing the Notice of Guaranteed Delivery according to the guaranteed delivery procedures set forth in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase. Under such procedures, (a) such tender must be made by or through an Eligible Institution, (b) a properly completed and duly executed Notice of Guaranteed Delivery, substantially in the form provided by Purchaser, must be received by the Depositary before the Expiration Date and (c) either (i) the Share certificates together with a properly completed and duly executed Letter of Transmittal, with any required signature guarantees, and any other documents required by this Letter of Transmittal must be received by the Depositary within three trading days after the date of execution of the Notice of Guaranteed Delivery or (ii) in the case of a book-entry transfer effected according to the book-entry transfer procedures described in the Offer to Purchase, either a properly completed and duly executed Letter of Transmittal, and any required signature guarantees, or an Agent’s Message, and any other documents required by this Letter of Transmittal, must be received by the Depositary, such Shares must be delivered according to the book-entry transfer procedures and a Book-Entry Confirmation must be received by the Depositary, in each case within three trading days after the date of execution of such Notice of Guaranteed Delivery. A “trading day” is any day on which Shares are listed for quotation on the NASDAQ Global Market.

The term “Agent’s Message” means a message, transmitted through electronic means by DTC in accordance with the normal procedures of DTC and the Depositary to, and received by, the Depositary and forming a part of a Book-Entry Confirmation, which states that DTC has received an express acknowledgment from the participant tendering the Shares that are the subject of a Book-Entry Confirmation that such participant has received and agrees to be bound by the terms of the Letter of Transmittal and that Purchaser may enforce such agreement against the participant. The term “Agent’s Message” also includes any hard copy printout evidencing such message generated by a computer terminal maintained at the Depositary’s office. For Shares to be validly tendered during any subsequent offering period, the tendering stockholder must comply with the foregoing procedures, except that the required documents and certificates must be received before the expiration of the subsequent offering period. Delivery of documents to DTC in accordance with its procedures does not constitute delivery to the Depositary.

The method of delivery of Shares, this Letter of Transmittal and all other required documents, including delivery through DTC, is at the election and risk of the tendering stockholder. Delivery of documents to DTC in accordance with DTC’s procedures does not constitute delivery to the Depositary. Shares will be deemed delivered only when actually received by the Depositary. If delivery is by mail, registered mail, with return receipt requested, properly insured, is recommended. In all cases, sufficient time should be allowed to ensure timely delivery.

No alternative, conditional or contingent tenders will be accepted, and no fractional Shares will be purchased. All tendering stockholders, by executing this Letter of Transmittal, waive any right to receive any notice of the acceptance of their Shares for payment.

3. Inadequate Space. If the space provided herein is inadequate, the certificate numbers and/or the number of Shares should be listed on a separate signed schedule attached hereto.

4. Partial Tenders (Only Applicable to Holders of Share Certificates). If fewer than all the Shares evidenced by any certificate submitted are to be tendered, fill in the number of Shares that are to be tendered in the box entitled “Number of Shares Tendered.” In any such case, new certificate(s) for the remainder of the Shares that were evidenced by the old certificate(s) will be sent to the registered holder, unless otherwise provided in the appropriate box on this Letter of Transmittal, promptly after the acceptance for payment of, and payment for, the Shares tendered herewith. All Shares represented by certificates delivered to the Depositary will be deemed to have been tendered unless otherwise indicated.

5. Signatures on Letter of Transmittal, Stock Powers and Endorsements. If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered holder(s) of the Shares tendered hereby, the signature(s) must correspond with the name(s) as written on the face of the certificate(s) without any change.

If any of the Shares tendered hereby are owned of record by two or more joint owners, all such owners must sign this Letter of Transmittal.

If any tendered Shares are registered in different names on several certificates, it will be necessary to complete, sign and submit as many separate letters of transmittal, as there are different registrations of certificates.

If this Letter of Transmittal or any certificates or stock powers are signed by trustees, executors, administrators, guardians, attorneys-in-fact, officers of corporations or others acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, such persons should so indicate when signing, and proper evidence satisfactory to Purchaser of their authority so to act must be submitted.

If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered owner(s) of the Shares listed and transmitted hereby, no endorsements of certificates or separate stock powers are required unless payment is to be made to or Share certificates not tendered or accepted for payment are to be issued to a person other than the registered owner(s). Signatures on such certificates or stock powers must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution.

If the Share certificates are registered in the name of a person other than the signer of this Letter of Transmittal, or if payment is to be made or Share certificates not tendered or not accepted for payment are to be returned to a person other than the registered holder of the certificates surrendered, the tendered certificates must be endorsed or accompanied by appropriate stock powers, in either case signed exactly as the name(s) of the registered holder(s) or owner(s) appear(s) on the certificates, with the signature(s) on the certificate(s) or stock power(s) guaranteed as aforesaid. See Instruction 1.

6. Stock Transfer Taxes. Purchaser will pay or cause to be paid any stock transfer taxes with respect to the transfer and sale of Shares to it, or its order, in the Offer. If, however, payment of the purchase price is to be made to, or (in circumstances permitted hereby) if certificate(s) for Shares not tendered or accepted for payment are to be registered in the name of, any person(s) other than the registered owner(s), or if tendered certificate(s) for Shares are registered in the name of any person(s) other than the person(s) signing this Letter of Transmittal, the amount of any stock transfer taxes (whether imposed on the registered owner(s) or such other person(s)) payable on account of the transfer will be deducted from the price to be paid in the Offer unless satisfactory evidence of the payment of such taxes or exemption therefrom is submitted.

Except as provided in this Instruction 6, it will not be necessary for transfer tax stamps to be affixed to the certificates listed in this Letter of Transmittal.

7. Special Payment and Delivery Instructions. If a check is to be issued in the name of, and/or Share certificates not accepted for payment are to be registered or returned to, a person other than the signer of this Letter of Transmittal or if a check is to be sent and/or such certificates are to be returned to a person other than the signer of this Letter of Transmittal or to an address other than that shown above, the appropriate boxes on this Letter of Transmittal should be completed.

8. Waiver of Conditions. Purchaser reserves the absolute right in its reasonable discretion to waive any of the specified conditions of the Offer, other than the Minimum Condition (as defined in the Offer to Purchase), in the case of any Shares tendered.

9. IRS Form W-9. Under federal income tax law, each stockholder who is a U.S. holder is required (a) to provide Purchaser with a correct taxpayer identification number (“TIN”), generally the holder’s social security or federal employer identification number, and with certain other information, on the enclosed IRS Form W-9, and to certify that the holder (or other payee) is not subject to backup withholding or (b) to otherwise establish a basis for exemption from backup withholding. Failure to provide the information on the IRS Form W-9 may subject the holder (or other payee) to a $50 penalty imposed by the IRS and 28% federal income tax backup withholding on any payment made to such holder (or other payee). If a nonexempt holder has not been issued a TIN, the holder should consult the enclosed instructions to the IRS Form W-9. In the event that such holder fails to provide a TIN to Purchaser by the time of payment, Purchaser must backup withhold 28% of the payments made to such holder. Please see the attached instructions for IRS Form W-9 for more information. Foreign holders do not submit IRS Form W-9, but instead, as described below, can submit the applicable Form W-8 to establish their exempt status as foreign holders.

10. Backup Withholding. To comply with Treasury Department Circular 230, holders are hereby notified that: (A) any discussion of tax matters set forth in this Letter of Transmittal is

not intended or written by us to be used, and cannot be used by any taxpayer, for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; (B) such discussion is written to support the promotion or marketing of the transactions or matters addressed herein; and (C) a taxpayer should seek advice based on the taxpayer’s particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor.

A U.S. person (as defined in the enclosed instructions to the IRS Form W-9) who receives a cash payment in exchange for Shares tendered pursuant to the Offer may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding at the rate of 28%, unless such U.S. person (i) is an exempt recipient and, when required, establishes this exemption or (ii) in the case of backup withholding, provides the U.S. person’s correct taxpayer identification number (which, in the case of an individual, is his or her social security number), certifies that the U.S. person is not currently subject to backup withholding and otherwise complies with requirements of the backup withholding rules. A U.S. person can satisfy these requirements by completing and submitting the enclosed IRS Form W-9 to Purchaser. A U.S. person who does not provide the U.S. person’s correct taxpayer identification number may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Backup withholding is not an additional tax; any amount so withheld may be credited against the U.S. person’s U.S. federal income tax liability. If backup withholding results in an overpayment of U.S. federal income taxes, a refund may be obtained from the IRS, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Non-U.S. persons should not complete IRS Form W-9, but instead should complete and submit a Form W-8BEN, Form W-8ECI, or Form W-8IMY, as appropriate, to establish their exempt status as non-U.S. persons. These forms may be obtained from the IRS at its website: www.irs.gov. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the need to complete an applicable Form W-8 and any other forms or attachments that may be required.

11. Requests for Assistance or Additional Copies. Questions and requests for assistance may be directed to Morrow & Co., LLC, the Information Agent, or to Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, the Dealer Manager, at their respective addresses listed on the back cover page of this Letter of Transmittal. Additional copies of the Offer to Purchase and this Letter of Transmittal, (including IRS Form W-9) may be obtained from the Information Agent. You may also contact your broker, dealer, trust company or other nominee for assistance.

12. Lost, Destroyed or Stolen Certificates. If any certificate representing Shares has been lost, destroyed or stolen, the stockholder should promptly notify the Depositary by checking the appropriate box on this Letter of Transmittal and indicating the number of Shares so lost, destroyed or stolen, or call the Transfer Agent for the Shares, American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, at (877) 248-6417. The Transfer Agent will then instruct the stockholder as to the steps that must be taken to replace the certificate. This Letter of Transmittal and related documents cannot be processed until the procedures for replacing lost or destroyed certificates have been followed.

Print or type

See

Specific Instructions

on page 2.

Name (as shown on your income tax return)

Business name/disregarded entity name, if different from above

Check appropriate box for federal tax

classification (required):

Individual/sole proprietor

C Corporation

S Corporation

Partnership

Trust/estate

¨ Limited liability company. Enter the tax classification (C = C corporation, S = S corporation, P = partnership) ^u

¨ Other (see instructions) ^u

^¨

Exempt payee

Address (number, street, and apt. or suite no.)

City, state, and ZIP code

Requester’s name and address (optional)

List account number(s) here (optional)

Certification instructions. You must cross out item 2 above if you have been notified by the IRS that you are currently subject to backup withholding because you have failed to report all interest and dividends on your tax return. For real estate transactions, item 2 does not apply. For mortgage interest paid, acquisition or abandonment of secured property, cancellation of debt, contributions to an individual retirement arrangement (IRA), and generally, payments other than interest and dividends, you are not required to sign the Certification, but you must provide your correct TIN. See the instructions on page 4.

General Instructions

Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.

Purpose of Form

A person who is required to file an information return with the IRS must obtain your correct taxpayer identification number (TIN) to report, for example, income paid to you, real estate transactions, mortgage interest you paid, acquisition or abandonment of secured property, cancellation of debt, or contributions you made to an IRA.

Use Form W-9 only if you are a U.S. person (including a resident alien), to provide your correct TIN to the person requesting it (the requester) and, when applicable, to:

1. Certify that the TIN you are giving is correct (or you are waiting for a number to be issued),

2. Certify that you are not subject to backup withholding, or

3. Claim exemption from backup withholding if you are a U.S. exempt payee. If applicable, you are also certifying that as a U.S. person, your allocable share of any partnership income from a U.S. trade or business is not subject to the withholding tax on foreign partners’ share of effectively connected income.

Note. If a requester gives you a form other than Form W-9 to request your TIN, you must use the requester’s form if it is substantially similar to this Form W-9.

Definition of a U.S. person. For federal tax purposes, you are considered a U.S. person if you are:

— An individual who is a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien,

— A partnership, corporation, company, or association created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States,

— An estate (other than a foreign estate), or

— A domestic trust (as defined in Regulations section 301.7701-7).

Special rules for partnerships. Partnerships that conduct a trade or business in the United States are generally required to pay a withholding tax on any foreign partners’ share of income from such business. Further, in certain cases where a Form W-9 has not been received, a partnership is required to presume that a partner is a foreign person, and pay the withholding tax. Therefore, if you are a U.S. person that is a partner in a partnership conducting a trade or business in the United States, provide Form W-9 to the partnership to establish your U.S. status and avoid withholding on your share of partnership income.

The person who gives Form W-9 to the partnership for purposes of establishing its U.S. status and avoiding withholding on its allocable share of net income from the partnership conducting a trade or business in the United States is in the following cases:

— The U.S. owner of a disregarded entity and not the entity,

— The U.S. grantor or other owner of a grantor trust and not the trust, and

— The U.S. trust (other than a grantor trust) and not the beneficiaries of the trust.

Foreign person. If you are a foreign person, do not use Form W-9. Instead, use the appropriate Form W-8 (see Publication 515, Withholding of Tax on Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Entities).

Nonresident alien who becomes a resident alien. Generally, only a nonresident alien individual may use the terms of a tax treaty to reduce or eliminate U.S. tax on certain types of income. However, most tax treaties contain a provision known as a “saving clause.” Exceptions specified in the saving clause may permit an exemption from tax to continue for certain types of income even after the payee has otherwise become a U.S. resident alien for tax purposes.

If you are a U.S. resident alien who is relying on an exception contained in the saving clause of a tax treaty to claim an exemption from U.S. tax on certain types of income, you must attach a statement to Form W-9 that specifies the following five items:

1. The treaty country. Generally, this must be the same treaty under which you claimed exemption from tax as a nonresident alien.

2. The treaty article addressing the income.

3. The article number (or location) in the tax treaty that contains the saving clause and its exceptions.

4. The type and amount of income that qualifies for the exemption from tax.

5. Sufficient facts to justify the exemption from tax under the terms of the treaty article.

Example. Article 20 of the U.S.-China income tax treaty allows an exemption from tax for scholarship income received by a Chinese student temporarily present in the United States. Under U.S. law, this student will become a resident alien for tax purposes if his or her stay in the United States exceeds 5 calendar years. However, paragraph 2 of the first Protocol to the U.S.-China treaty (dated April 30, 1984) allows the provisions of Article 20 to continue to apply even after the Chinese student becomes a resident alien of the United States. A Chinese student who qualifies for this exception (under paragraph 2 of the first protocol) and is relying on this exception to claim an exemption from tax on his or her scholarship or fellowship income would attach to Form W-9 a statement that includes the information described above to support that exemption.

If you are a nonresident alien or a foreign entity not subject to backup withholding, give the requester the appropriate completed Form W-8.

What is backup withholding? Persons making certain payments to you must under certain conditions withhold and pay to the IRS a percentage of such payments. This is called “backup withholding.” Payments that may be subject to backup withholding include interest, tax-exempt interest, dividends, broker and barter exchange transactions, rents, royalties, nonemployee pay, and certain payments from fishing boat operators. Real estate transactions are not subject to backup withholding.

You will not be subject to backup withholding on payments you receive if you give the requester your correct TIN, make the proper certifications, and report all your taxable interest and dividends on your tax return.

Payments you receive will be subject to backup withholding if:

1. You do not furnish your TIN to the requester,

2. You do not certify your TIN when required (see the Part II instructions on page 3 for details),

3. The IRS tells the requester that you furnished an incorrect TIN,

4. The IRS tells you that you are subject to backup withholding because you did not report all your interest and dividends on your tax return (for reportable interest and dividends only), or

5. You do not certify to the requester that you are not subject to backup withholding under 4 above (for reportable interest and dividend accounts opened after 1983 only).

Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding. See the instructions below and the separate Instructions for the Requester of Form W-9.

Also see Special rules for partnerships on page 1.

Updating Your Information

You must provide updated information to any person to whom you claimed to be an exempt payee if you are no longer an exempt payee and anticipate receiving reportable payments in the future from this person. For example, you may need to provide updated information if you are a C corporation that elects to be an S corporation, or if you no longer are tax exempt. In addition, you must furnish a new Form W-9 if the name or TIN changes for the account, for example, if the grantor of a grantor trust dies.

Penalties

Failure to furnish TIN. If you fail to furnish your correct TIN to a requester, you are subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.

Civil penalty for false information with respect to withholding. If you make a false statement with no reasonable basis that results in no backup withholding, you are subject to a $500 penalty.

Criminal penalty for falsifying information. Willfully falsifying certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or imprisonment.

Misuse of TINs. If the requester discloses or uses TINs in violation of federal law, the requester may be subject to civil and criminal penalties.

Specific Instructions

Name

If you are an individual, you must generally enter the name shown on your income tax return. However, if you have changed your last name, for instance, due to marriage without informing the Social Security Administration of the name change, enter your first name, the last name shown on your social security card, and your new last name.

If the account is in joint names, list first, and then circle, the name of the person or entity whose number you entered in Part I of the form.

Sole proprietor. Enter your individual name as shown on your income tax return on the “Name” line. You may enter your business, trade, or “doing business as (DBA)” name on the “Business name/disregarded entity name” line.

Partnership, C Corporation, or S Corporation. Enter the entity’s name on the “Name” line and any business, trade, or “doing business as (DBA) name” on the “Business name/disregarded entity name” line.

Disregarded entity. Enter the owner’s name on the “Name” line. The name of the entity entered on the “Name” line should never be a disregarded entity. The name on the “Name” line must be the name shown on the income tax return on which the income will be reported. For example, if a foreign LLC that is treated as a disregarded entity for U.S. federal tax purposes has a domestic owner, the domestic owner’s name is required to be provided on the “Name” line. If the direct owner of the entity is also a disregarded entity, enter the first owner that is not disregarded for federal tax purposes. Enter the disregarded entity’s name on the “Business name/disregarded entity name” line. If the owner of the disregarded entity is a foreign person, you must complete an appropriate Form W-8.

Note. Check the appropriate box for the federal tax classification of the person whose name is entered on the “Name” line (Individual/sole proprietor, Partnership, C Corporation, S Corporation, Trust/estate).

Limited Liability Company (LLC). If the person identified on the “Name” line is an LLC, check the “Limited liability company” box only and enter the appropriate code for the tax classification in the space provided. If you are an LLC that is treated as a partnership for federal tax purposes, enter “P” for partnership. If you are an LLC that has filed a Form 8832 or a Form 2553 to be taxed as a corporation, enter “C” for C corporation or “S” for S corporation. If you are an LLC that is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner under Regulation section 301.7701-3 (except for employment and excise tax), do not check the LLC box unless the owner of the LLC (required to be identified on the “Name” line) is another LLC that is not disregarded for federal

tax purposes. If the LLC is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner, enter the appropriate tax classification of the owner identified on the “Name” line.

Other entities. Enter your business name as shown on required federal tax documents on the “Name” line. This name should match the name shown on the charter or other legal document creating the entity. You may enter any business, trade, or DBA name on the “Business name/ disregarded entity name” line.

Exempt Payee

If you are exempt from backup withholding, enter your name as described above and check the appropriate box for your status, then check the “Exempt payee” box in the line following the “Business name/disregarded entity name,” sign and date the form.

Generally, individuals (including sole proprietors) are not exempt from backup withholding. Corporations are exempt from backup withholding for certain payments, such as interest and dividends.

Note. If you are exempt from backup withholding, you should still complete this form to avoid possible erroneous backup withholding.

The following payees are exempt from backup withholding:

1. An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), any IRA, or a custodial account under section 403(b)(7) if the account satisfies the requirements of section 401(f)(2),

2. The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities,

3. A state, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or any of their political subdivisions or instrumentalities,

4. A foreign government or any of its political subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities, or

5. An international organization or any of its agencies or instrumentalities.

Other payees that may be exempt from backup withholding include:

6. A corporation,

7. A foreign central bank of issue,

8. A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the United States, the District of Columbia, or a possession of the United States,

9. A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission,

10. A real estate investment trust,

11. An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment Company Act of 1940,

12. A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a),

13. A financial institution,

14. A middleman known in the investment community as a nominee or custodian, or

15. A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section 4947.

The chart below shows types of payments that may be exempt from backup withholding. The chart applies to the exempt payees listed above, 1 through 15.


IF the payment is for . . .		THEN the payment is exempt for . . .
Interest and dividend payments		All exempt payees except for 9
Broker transactions		Exempt payees 1 through 5 and 7 through 13. Also, C corporations.
Barter exchange transactions and patronage dividends		Exempt payees 1 through 5
Payments over $600 required to be reported and direct sales over $5,000 ¹		Generally, exempt payees 1 through 7 ²

¹	See Form 1099-MISC, Miscellaneous Income, and its instructions.

²	However, the following payments made to a corporation and reportable on Form 1099-MISC are not exempt from backup withholding: medical and health care payments, attorneys’ fees, gross proceeds paid to an attorney, and payments for services paid by a federal executive agency.

Part I. Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN)

Enter your TIN in the appropriate box. If you are a resident alien and you do not have and are not eligible to get an SSN, your TIN is your IRS individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN). Enter it in the social security number box. If you do not have an ITIN, see How to get a TIN below.

If you are a sole proprietor and you have an EIN, you may enter either your SSN or EIN. However, the IRS prefers that you use your SSN.

If you are a single-member LLC that is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner (see Limited liability company (LLC) on page 2), enter the owner’s SSN (or EIN, if the owner has one). Do not enter the disregarded entity’s EIN. If the LLC is classified as a corporation or partnership, enter the entity’s EIN.

Note. See the chart on page 4 for further clarification of name and TIN combinations.

How to get a TIN. If you do not have a TIN, apply for one immediately. To apply for an SSN, get Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Card, from your local Social Security Administration office or get this form online at www.ssa.gov. You may also get this form by calling 1-800-772-1213. Use Form W-7, Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, to apply for an ITIN, or Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, to apply for an EIN. You can apply for an EIN online by accessing the IRS website at www.irs.gov/businesses and clicking on Employer Identification Number (EIN) under Starting a Business. You can get Forms W-7 and SS-4 from the IRS by visiting IRS.gov or by calling 1-800-TAX-FORM (1-800-829-3676).

If you are asked to complete Form W-9 but do not have a TIN, write “Applied For” in the space for the TIN, sign and date the form, and give it to the requester. For interest and dividend payments, and certain payments made with respect to readily tradable instruments, generally you will have 60 days to get a TIN and give it to the requester before you are subject to backup withholding on payments. The 60-day rule does not apply to other types of payments. You will be subject to backup withholding on all such payments until you provide your TIN to the requester.

Note. Entering “Applied For” means that you have already applied for a TIN or that you intend to apply for one soon.

Caution: A disregarded domestic entity that has a foreign owner must use the appropriate Form W-8.

Part II. Certification

To establish to the withholding agent that you are a U.S. person, or resident alien, sign Form W-9. You may be requested to sign by the withholding agent even if item 1, below, and items 4 and 5 on page 4 indicate otherwise.

For a joint account, only the person whose TIN is shown in Part I should sign (when required). In the case of a disregarded entity, the person identified on the “Name” line must sign. Exempt payees, see Exempt Payee on page 3.

Signature requirements. Complete the certification as indicated in items 1 through 3, below, and items 4 and 5 on page 4.

1. Interest, dividend, and barter exchange accounts opened before 1984 and broker accounts considered active during 1983. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification.

2. Interest, dividend, broker, and barter exchange accounts opened after 1983 and broker accounts considered inactive during 1983. You must sign the certification or backup withholding will apply. If you are subject to backup withholding and you are merely providing your correct TIN to the requester, you must cross out item 2 in the certification before signing the form.

3. Real estate transactions. You must sign the certification. You may cross out item 2 of the certification.

4. Other payments. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification unless you have been notified that you have previously given an incorrect TIN. “Other payments” include payments made in the course of the requester’s trade or business for rents, royalties, goods (other than bills for merchandise), medical and health care services (including payments to corporations), payments to a nonemployee for services, payments to certain fishing boat crew members and fishermen, and gross proceeds paid to attorneys (including payments to corporations).

5. Mortgage interest paid by you, acquisition or abandonment of secured property, cancellation of debt, qualified tuition program payments (under section 529), IRA, Coverdell ESA, Archer MSA or HSA contributions or distributions, and pension distributions. You must give your correct TIN, but you do not have to sign the certification.


What Name and Number To Give the Requester
		For this type of account:	Give name and SSN of:
	1.	Individual	The individual
	2.	Two or more individuals (joint account)	The actual owner of the account or, if combined funds, the first individual on the account ¹
	3.	Custodian account of a minor (Uniform Gift to Minors Act)	The minor ²
	4.	a. The usual revocable savings trust (grantor is also trustee)	The grantor-trustee ¹
		b. So-called trust account that is not a legal or valid trust under state law	The actual owner ¹
	5.	Sole proprietorship or disregarded entity owned by an individual	The owner ³
	6.	Grantor trust filing under Optional Form 1099 Filing Method 1 (see Regulation section 1.671-4(b)(2)(i)(A))	The grantor*
		For this type of account:	Give name and EIN of:
	7.	Disregarded entity not owned by an individual	The owner
	8.	A valid trust, estate, or pension trust	Legal entity ⁴
	9.	Corporation or LLC electing corporate status on Form 8832 or Form 2553	The corporation
	10.	Association, club, religious, charitable, educational, or other tax-exempt organization	The organization
	11.	Partnership or multi-member LLC	The partnership
	12.	A broker or registered nominee	The broker or nominee
	13.	Account with the Department of Agriculture in the name of a public entity (such as a state or local government, school district, or prison) that receives agricultural program payments	The public entity
	14.	Grantor trust filing under the Form1041 Filing Method or the Optional Form 1099 Filing Method 2 (see Regulation section 1.671-4(b)(2)(i)(B))	The trust

¹	List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish. If only one person on a joint account has an SSN, that person’s number must be furnished.

²	Circle the minor’s name and furnish the minor’s SSN.

³	You must show your individual name and you may also enter your business or “DBA” name on the “Business name/disregarded entity” name line. You may use either your SSN or EIN (if you have one), but the IRS encourages you to use your SSN.

⁴	List first and circle the name of the trust, estate, or pension trust. (Do not furnish the TIN of the personal representative or trustee unless the legal entity itself is not designated in the account title.) Also see Special rules for partnerships on page 1.

*Note.

Grantor also must provide a Form W-9 to trustee of trust.

Note. If no name is circled when more than one name is listed, the number will be considered to be that of the first name listed.

Secure Your Tax Records from Identity Theft

Identity theft occurs when someone uses your personal information such as your name, social security number (SSN), or other identifying information, without your permission, to commit fraud or other crimes. An identity thief may use your SSN to get a job or may file a tax return using your SSN to receive a refund.

To reduce your risk:

— Protect your SSN,

— Ensure your employer is protecting your SSN, and

— Be careful when choosing a tax preparer.

If your tax records are affected by identity theft and you receive a notice from the IRS, respond right away to the name and phone number printed on the IRS notice or letter.

If your tax records are not currently affected by identity theft but you think you are at risk due to a lost or stolen purse or wallet, questionable credit card activity or credit report, contact the IRS Identity Theft Hotline at 1-800-908-4490 or submit Form 14039.

For more information, see Publication 4535, Identity Theft Prevention and Victim Assistance.

Victims of identity theft who are experiencing economic harm or a system problem, or are seeking help in resolving tax problems that have not been resolved through normal channels, may be eligible for Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) assistance. You can reach TAS by calling the TAS toll-free case intake line at 1-877-777-4778 or TTY/TDD 1-800-829-4059.

Protect yourself from suspicious emails or phishing schemes. Phishing is the creation and use of email and websites designed to mimic legitimate business emails and websites. The most common act is sending an email to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering private information that will be used for identity theft.

The IRS does not initiate contacts with taxpayers via emails. Also, the IRS does not request personal detailed information through email or ask taxpayers for the PIN numbers, passwords, or similar secret access information for their credit card, bank, or other financial accounts.

If you receive an unsolicited email claiming to be from the IRS, forward this message to phishing@irs.gov. You may also report misuse of the IRS name, logo, or other IRS property to the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration at 1-800-366-4484. You can forward suspicious emails to the Federal Trade Commission at: spam@uce.gov or contact them at www.ftc.gov/idtheft or 1-877-IDTHEFT (1-877-438-4338).

Visit IRS.gov to learn more about identity theft and how to reduce your risk.

Section 6109 of the Internal Revenue Code requires you to provide your correct TIN to persons (including federal agencies) who are required to file information returns with the IRS to report interest, dividends, or certain other income paid to you; mortgage interest you paid; the acquisition or abandonment of secured property; the cancellation of debt; or contributions you made to an IRA, Archer MSA, or HSA. The person collecting this form uses the information on the form to file information returns with the IRS, reporting the above information. Routine uses of this information include giving it to the Department of Justice for civil and criminal litigation and to cities, states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. possessions for use in administering their laws. The information also may be disclosed to other countries under a treaty, to federal and state agencies to enforce civil and criminal laws, or to federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies to combat terrorism. You must provide your TIN whether or not you are required to file a tax return. Under section 3406, payers must generally withhold a percentage of taxable interest, dividend, and certain other payments to a payee who does not give a TIN to the payer. Certain penalties may also apply for providing false or fraudulent information.

Questions and requests for assistance may be directed to the Information Agent or the Dealer Manager at the location and telephone numbers set forth below. Additional copies of the Offer to Purchase, Letter of Transmittal and other tender offer materials may be directed to the Information Agent at the location and telephone numbers set forth below.


DESCRIPTION OF SHARES TENDERED
Names(s) and Address(es) of Registered Holder(s) (Please fill in, if blank, exactly as name(s) appear(s) on Share Certficate(s))	Shares Tendered (Attach additional signed list if necessary)
	Certificate Number(s)*	Total Number of Shares Represented by Certificate(s)*	Number of Shares Tendered**










	* Need not be completed if transfer is made by book-entry transfer. ** Unless otherwise indicated, it will be assumed that all Shares described above are being tendered. See Instruction 4.


Part II		Certification


Sign Here		Signature of U.S. person ^u		Date ^u


		Cat. No. 10231X		Form W-9 (Rev. 1-2011)