10-Q 1 lh201710-qq2_new.htm 10-Q Document
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549
FORM 10-Q

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017
OR
[  ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to  ______

Commission file number   1-11353

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF
AMERICA HOLDINGS
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
13-3757370
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

358 South Main Street,
 
 
Burlington, North Carolina
 
27215
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code) 336-229-1127

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (paragraph 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [  ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer [X]
Accelerated filer [  ]
Non-accelerated filer [  ] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company [  ]
 
Emerging growth company [ ]
If emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X].
The number of shares outstanding of the issuer's common stock is 101.8 million shares, net of treasury stock as of July 28, 2017.



INDEX


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION



1

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions)
(unaudited)
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
299.9

 
$
433.6

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $256.1 and $235.6 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
1,379.3

 
1,328.7

Unbilled services
247.3

 
190.0

Supplies inventories
209.9

 
205.2

Prepaid expenses and other
379.3

 
321.2

Total current assets
2,515.7

 
2,478.7

Property, plant and equipment, net
1,717.9

 
1,718.6

Goodwill, net
6,641.4

 
6,424.4

Intangible assets, net
3,621.2

 
3,400.5

Joint venture partnerships and equity method investments
67.2

 
57.6

Deferred income tax assets
2.1

 
2.1

Other assets, net
337.0

 
165.1

Total assets
$
14,902.5

 
$
14,247.0

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 

 
 

Current liabilities:
 

 
 

Accounts payable
$
491.7

 
$
508.4

Accrued expenses and other
617.0

 
593.7

Unearned revenue
177.2

 
176.0

Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt
519.6

 
549.5

Total current liabilities
1,805.5

 
1,827.6

Long-term debt, less current portion
5,608.3

 
5,300.0

Deferred income taxes and other tax liabilities
1,193.7

 
1,206.4

Other liabilities
401.0

 
392.0

Total liabilities
9,008.5

 
8,726.0

Commitments and contingent liabilities


 


Noncontrolling interest
15.9

 
15.2

Shareholders’ equity:
 

 
 

Common stock, 102.0 and 102.7 shares outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
12.0

 
12.1

Additional paid-in capital
1,972.7

 
2,131.7

Retained earnings
5,336.6

 
4,955.8

Less common stock held in treasury
(1,058.9
)
 
(1,012.7
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
(384.3
)
 
(581.1
)
Total shareholders’ equity
5,878.1

 
5,505.8

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
14,902.5

 
$
14,247.0


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net revenue
$
2,498.4

 
$
2,382.0

 
$
4,906.5

 
$
4,677.2

Reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses
44.5

 
48.7

 
83.4

 
121.5

Total revenues
2,542.9

 
2,430.7

 
4,989.9

 
4,798.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cost of revenues
1,636.6

 
1,555.2

 
3,241.1

 
3,073.1

Reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses
44.5

 
48.7

 
83.4

 
121.5

Total cost of revenues
1,681.1

 
1,603.9

 
3,324.5

 
3,194.6

Gross profit
861.8

 
826.8

 
1,665.4

 
1,604.1

Selling, general and administrative expenses
435.3

 
409.4

 
854.7

 
823.7

Amortization of intangibles and other assets
51.4

 
45.3

 
99.0

 
89.6

Restructuring and other special charges
39.1

 
6.6

 
43.0

 
25.8

Operating income
336.0

 
365.5

 
668.7

 
665.0

Other income (expenses):
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Interest expense
(55.0
)
 
(53.5
)
 
(107.4
)
 
(108.0
)
Equity method income, net
4.5

 
1.9

 
6.8

 
3.3

Investment income
0.4

 
0.4

 
0.7

 
0.9

Other, net
(0.8
)
 
(2.4
)
 
(4.0
)
 
4.3

Earnings before income taxes
285.1

 
311.9

 
564.8

 
565.5

Provision for income taxes
96.2

 
107.5

 
183.4

 
196.7

Net earnings
188.9

 
204.4

 
381.4

 
368.8

Less: Net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(0.6
)
Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings
$
188.6

 
$
204.1

 
$
380.8

 
$
368.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share
$
1.84

 
$
2.00

 
$
3.71

 
$
3.61

Diluted earnings per common share
$
1.82

 
$
1.96

 
$
3.66

 
$
3.54


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

 
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS
(in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net earnings
$
188.9

 
$
204.4

 
$
381.4

 
$
368.8

Foreign currency translation adjustments
157.2

 
(95.9
)
 
216.5

 
(41.4
)
Net benefit plan adjustments
0.5

 
(2.2
)
 
1.1

 
1.2

Other comprehensive earnings before tax
157.7

 
(98.1
)
 
217.6

 
(40.2
)
Provision for income tax related to items of other comprehensive earnings
(14.9
)
 
(1.0
)
 
(20.8
)
 
(30.2
)
Other comprehensive earnings, net of tax
142.8

 
(99.1
)
 
196.8

 
(70.4
)
Comprehensive earnings
331.7

 
105.3

 
578.2

 
298.4

Less: Net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(0.6
)
Comprehensive earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings
$
331.4

 
$
105.0

 
$
577.6

 
$
297.8


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


4

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in millions)
(unaudited)

 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2015
$
12.0

 
$
1,974.5

 
$
4,223.7

 
$
(978.1
)
 
$
(287.0
)
 
$
4,945.1

Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings
—

 
—

 
368.2

 
—

 
—

 
368.2

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(70.4
)
 
(70.4
)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans
0.1

 
40.6

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
40.7

Surrender of restricted stock and performance share awards
—

 
—

 
—

 
(33.1
)
 
—

 
(33.1
)
Conversion of zero-coupon convertible debt
—

 
4.9

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4.9

Stock compensation
—

 
57.6

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
57.6

BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2016
$
12.1

 
$
2,077.6

 
$
4,591.9

 
$
(1,011.2
)
 
$
(357.4
)
 
$
5,313.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2016
$
12.1

 
$
2,131.7

 
$
4,955.8

 
$
(1,012.7
)
 
$
(581.1
)
 
$
5,505.8

Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings
—

 
—

 
380.8

 
—

 
—

 
380.8

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
196.8

 
196.8

Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans
0.1

 
31.3

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
31.4

Surrender of restricted stock and performance share awards
—

 
—

 
—

 
(46.2
)
 
—

 
(46.2
)
Conversion of zero-coupon convertible debt
—

 
12.8

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12.8

Stock compensation
—

 
52.7

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
52.7

Purchase of common stock
(0.2
)
 
(255.8
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(256.0
)
BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2017
$
12.0

 
$
1,972.7

 
$
5,336.6

 
$
(1,058.9
)
 
$
(384.3
)
 
$
5,878.1


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(unaudited)
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Net earnings
$
381.4

 
$
368.8

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
 

Depreciation and amortization
255.1

 
247.8

Stock compensation
52.7

 
57.6

Loss/(gain) on sale of assets
0.6

 
(7.9
)
Accreted interest on zero-coupon subordinated notes
0.2

 
0.9

Cumulative earnings less than distributions from equity method investments

(4.0
)
 
0.1

Asset impairment
15.1

 
—

Deferred income taxes
(4.6
)
 
15.0

Change in assets and liabilities (net of effects of acquisitions):
 

 
 

Increase in accounts receivable (net)
(35.4
)
 
(99.6
)
Increase in unbilled services
(56.6
)
 
(50.4
)
(Increase) decrease in inventories
(0.7
)
 
0.6

(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other
(20.0
)
 
3.4

Decrease in accounts payable
(29.0
)
 
(54.3
)
Increase in unearned revenue
1.1

 
32.7

Decrease in accrued expenses and other
(11.4
)
 
(37.6
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
544.5

 
477.1

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
 

 
 

Capital expenditures
(141.5
)
 
(138.4
)
Proceeds from sale of assets
1.0

 
21.3

Proceeds from sale of investment
—

 
12.7

Acquisition of licensing technology
(2.3
)
 
—

Investments in equity affiliates
(26.1
)
 
(9.9
)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired
(568.0
)
 
(144.1
)
Net cash used for investing activities
(736.9
)
 
(258.4
)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 

 
 

Proceeds from revolving credit facilities
749.7

 
—

Payments on revolving credit facilities
(440.7
)
 
—

Payments on senior notes
—

 
(325.0
)
Payments on zero-coupon subordinated notes
(31.2
)
 
(13.7
)
Noncontrolling interest distributions
(0.5
)
 
(1.6
)
Deferred payments on acquisitions
(1.5
)
 
(5.8
)
Payments on long-term lease obligations
(4.3
)
 
(3.0
)
Net proceeds from issuance of stock to employees
31.4

 
40.7

Purchase of common stock
(256.0
)
 
—

Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
46.9

 
(308.4
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
11.8

 
12.9

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(133.7
)
 
(76.8
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
433.6

 
716.4

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
299.9

 
$
639.6


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)



1.  
BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION
Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings together with its subsidiaries (the Company) is a leading global life sciences company that is deeply integrated in guiding patient care, providing comprehensive clinical laboratory and end-to-end drug development services. The Company’s mission is to improve health and improve lives by delivering world-class diagnostic solutions, bringing innovative medicines to patients faster and using technology to improve the delivery of care. The Company serves a broad range of customers, including managed care organizations (MCOs), biopharmaceutical companies, governmental agencies, physicians and other healthcare providers (e.g., physician assistants and nurse practitioners, generally referred to herein as physicians), hospitals and health systems, employers, patients and consumers, contract research organizations, food and nutritional companies and independent clinical laboratories. The Company believes that it generated more revenue from laboratory testing than any other company in the world in 2016.
The Company reports its business in two segments, LabCorp Diagnostics (LCD) and Covance Drug Development (CDD). For further financial information about these segments, see Note 14 (Business Segment Information). During the three months ended June 30, 2017, LCD and CDD contributed 72.0% and 28.0%, respectively, of net revenues to the Company. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, LCD and CDD contributed 71.7% and 28.3%, respectively, of net revenues to the Company.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries for which it exercises control. Long-term investments in affiliated companies in which the Company exercises significant influence, but which it does not control, are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in which the Company does not exercise significant influence (generally, when the Company has an investment of less than 20.0% and no representation on the investee's board of directors) are accounted for using the cost method. All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated. The Company does not have any variable interest entities or special purpose entities whose financial results are not included in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
The financial statements of the Company's operating foreign subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates as of the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average monthly exchange rates prevailing during the period. Resulting translation adjustments are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income.”
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of results of operations, cash flows and financial position have been made. Except as otherwise disclosed, all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles.
The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes are presented in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and do not contain certain information included in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Therefore, the interim statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued the converged standard on revenue recognition with the objective of providing a single, comprehensive model for all contracts with customers to improve comparability in the financial statements of companies reporting using International Financial Reporting Standards and U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The standard contains principles that an entity must apply to determine the measurement of revenue and timing of when it is recognized. The underlying principle is that an entity must recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. An entity can apply the revenue standard retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method) or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application in retained earnings. The standard will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018.
The Company plans to adopt the full retrospective method effective January 1, 2018, and is continuing to evaluate the expected impact of the standard. Currently, the Company has completed the initial adoption analysis for LCD and expects this standard to impact LCD margins due to the recording of LCD bad debt expense against net revenues (versus selling, general and administrative expense) as an implicit price concession. The Company has also completed the initial adoption analysis for each of the major revenue streams within CDD and expects this standard to also impact CDD reported revenue and margins due to the inclusion of reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses in net revenues and net cost of sales, as well as the recognition of fees paid to investigators

7
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


in net revenues and net costs of sales. In addition, the Company expects the timing of revenue recognition in the clinical business to accelerate, as revenue from study-related change orders and fixed price gains is recognized as the performance obligation is satisfied over the service period (versus the Company's current practice of lump-sum recognition resulting from a signed change order or when studies are near completion). The Company is currently performing a detailed contract review which must be completed before it can quantify the expected impact of the standard. The Company also anticipates enhanced financial statement disclosures surrounding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.
In January 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. A financial instrument is defined as cash, evidence of ownership interest in a company or other entity, or a contract that both: (i) imposes on one entity a contractual obligation either to deliver cash or another financial instrument to a second entity or to exchange other financial instruments on potentially unfavorable terms with the second entity, and (ii) conveys to that second entity a contractual right either to receive cash or another financial instrument from the first entity or to exchange other financial instruments on potentially favorable terms with the first entity. The standard will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for based on guidance similar to current guidance for operating leases. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. The standard is effective on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company has selected its leasing software solution and is evaluating the impact that this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about expected credit losses and other commitments to extend credit held by the reporting entity. The standard replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with one that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The update is effective on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This update is effective on January 1, 2018, and will require adoption on a retrospective basis. The Company expects the adoption of this standard to reclassify interest paid on its zero-coupon subordinated notes from a financing activity to an operating activity and potentially to impact the classification of deferred acquisition payments depending upon timing and amount of final payout.
In January 2017, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. This update is effective on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. This adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that eliminates Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. The update is effective for public business entities for the first interim and annual reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company has adopted this standard effective January 1, 2017, and will utilize this approach for any interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed in 2017.
In March 2017, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that requires employers that present a measure of operating income in their statement of income to include only the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit cost in operating expenses with other employee compensation costs. The other components of net benefit cost, including amortization of prior service cost/credit, and settlement and curtailment effects are to be included in non-operating expenses. This

8
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


update is effective on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued a new accounting standard that amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements and provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. This update is effective on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted and should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.
Reclassifications
The Company changed its financial statement classification for certain gross receipts taxes in 2016, removing these taxes from its provision for income taxes and moving this expense into selling, general and administrative expenses. Certain gross receipts taxes of $1.4 and $3.8 were reclassified in the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively.
In March 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard intended to simplify aspects of share-based payment accounting.  The standard changes how companies account for certain aspects of share-based payment awards to employees, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as the classification of related matters in the statement of cash flows. The Company early adopted this standard in the quarter ended September 30, 2016. As a result of the adoption, a tax benefit of $5.9 and $9.8 was recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. Weighted average diluted shares for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 increased by 0.2 and 0.2 due to the adoption of this standard.
2.
BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company acquired various laboratories and related assets for approximately $568.0 in cash (net of cash acquired). The purchase consideration for these acquisitions has been allocated to the estimated fair market value of the net assets acquired, including approximately $229.1 in identifiable intangible assets (primarily customer relationships and non-compete agreements) and a residual amount of goodwill of approximately $141.3. These acquisitions were made primarily to extend the Company's geographic reach in important market areas and/or enhance the Company's scientific differentiation and esoteric testing capabilities.
On May 4, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Pathology Associates Medical Laboratories (PAML), one of the nation’s premier medical reference laboratories and a healthcare solutions company. With the acquisition of PAML, the Company assumes PAML’s ownership interests in five joint ventures. The Company's acquisition of PAML represents the first step in completing the transaction. During 2017 and into 2018, the Company will acquire the ownership interests in four of the joint ventures and will continue to evaluate future options for their interests in the remaining joint venture. The purchase consideration for the transaction has been preliminarily allocated to the estimated fair market value of the net assets acquired. The amounts paid in advance for the ownership interest in the four joint ventures are included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The total purchase consideration for the transaction, inclusive of the amounts for the future acquisition of the ownership interests in the four joint ventures, is classified as cash paid for acquisition of a business on the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
While the purchase price allocations for PAML and one of the Company's 2016 fourth quarter acquisitions are substantially complete, they are still preliminary and subject to change. The areas of the purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized relate primarily to intangible assets, goodwill, investment in joint ventures and the impact of finalizing deferred taxes. Accordingly, adjustments may be made as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the valuation date. The Company expects these purchase price allocations to be finalized within a year from each acquisition date. Any adjustments will be recorded in the period in which they are identified.
3.  
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings including the impact of dilutive adjustments by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive shares, as if they had been issued at the earlier of the date of issuance or the beginning of the period presented. Potentially dilutive common shares result primarily from the Company’s outstanding stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance share awards, and shares issuable upon conversion of zero-coupon subordinated notes.

9
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


The following represents a reconciliation of basic earnings per share to diluted earnings per share:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
Earnings
 
Shares
 
Per
Share
Amount
 
Earnings
 
Shares
 
Per
Share
Amount
 
Earnings
 
Shares
 
Per
Share
Amount
 
Earnings
 
Shares
 
Per
Share
Amount
Basic earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net earnings
$
188.6

 
102.4

 
$
1.84

 
$
204.1

 
102.2

 
$
2.00

 
$
380.8

 
102.5

 
$
3.71

 
$
368.2

 
101.9

 
$
3.61

Dilutive effect of employee stock options and awards
—

 
1.2

 
 

 
—

 
1.3

 
 

 
—

 
1.4

 
 

 
—

 
1.4

 
 

Effect of convertible debt
—

 
0.1

 
 

 
—

 
0.6

 
 

 
—

 
0.1

 
 

 
—

 
0.6

 
 

Diluted earnings per share:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Net earnings including impact of dilutive adjustments
$
188.6

 
103.7

 
$
1.82

 
$
204.1

 
104.1

 
$
1.96

 
$
380.8

 
104.0

 
$
3.66

 
$
368.2

 
103.9

 
$
3.54

The following table summarizes the potential common shares not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their impact would have been antidilutive:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Stock options
0.1

 
—

 
0.1

 
—

4.  
RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER SPECIAL CHARGES
During the first six months of 2017, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $43.0; $8.9 within LCD and $34.1 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $22.5 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $5.9 in costs associated with facility closures and general integration initiatives. The charges were offset by the reversal of previously established reserves of $0.4 in unused severance reserves and $0.1 in unused facility-related costs. Also included in the net restructuring and other special charges is an impairment loss of $15.1 related to the termination of a software development project.
The Company incurred legal and other costs of $6.6 relating to recent acquisition activity. The Company also recorded $4.9 in consulting expenses relating to fees incurred as part of its integration and compensation analysis, along with $0.9 in short-term equity retention arrangements relating to the Covance Inc. acquisition (Acquisition). In addition, the Company incurred $5.5 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative (all recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses).
During the first six months of 2016, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $25.8; $2.8 within LCD and $23.0 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $9.0 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $21.6 in costs associated with facility closures. A substantial portion of these costs relate to the planned closure of duplicative data center operations. The Company reversed previously established reserves of $2.6 in unused severance reserves primarily as the result of selling one of CDD's minimum volume contract facilities to a third party and $2.2 for costs related to unused facilities.
The Company incurred additional legal and other costs of $2.7 relating to the wind-down of its minimum volume contract operations. The Company also recorded $5.7 in consulting expenses relating to fees incurred as part of its integration and compensation analysis, along with $1.7 in short-term equity retention arrangements relating to the Acquisition and $4.5 of accelerated equity compensation relating to the announced retirement of a Company executive. In addition, the Company incurred $3.4 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative (all recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses). In conjunction with certain international legal entity tax structuring, the Company recorded a one-time tax liability of $1.1.
The following represents the Company’s restructuring reserve activities for the period indicated:

10
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


 
LCD
 
CDD
 
 
 
Severance and Other
Employee Costs
Lease and Other
Facility Costs
 
Severance and Other
Employee Costs
Lease and Other
Facility Costs
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2016
$
7.5

$
14.1

 
$
28.2

$
32.5

 
$
82.3

Restructuring charges
6.7

2.6

 
15.8

18.4

 
43.5

Reduction of prior restructuring accruals
(0.3
)
(0.1
)
 
(0.1
)
—

 
(0.5
)
Cash payments and other adjustments
(10.5
)
(2.7
)
 
(22.6
)
(19.6
)
 
(55.4
)
Balance as of June 30, 2017
$
3.4

$
13.9

 
$
21.3

$
31.3

 
$
69.9

Current
 

 

 
 
 
 
$
37.8

Non-current
 

 

 
 
 
 
32.1

 
 

 

 
 
 
 
$
69.9

Certain restructuring reserves for lease and other facility costs, totaling $9.8 as of December 31, 2016, have been reclassified from the LCD segment to the CDD segment.
5.  
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2016 are as follows:
 
LCD
 
CDD
 
Total
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31, 2016
Balance as of January 1
$
3,644.8

 
$
3,137.7

 
$
2,779.6

 
$
3,064.4

 
$
6,424.4

 
$
6,202.1

Goodwill acquired during the period
139.5

 
398.3

 
1.8

 
—

 
141.3

 
398.3

Adjustments to goodwill
(5.2
)
 
108.8

 
80.9

 
(284.8
)
 
75.7

 
(176.0
)
Balance at end of period
$
3,779.1

 
$
3,644.8

 
$
2,862.3

 
$
2,779.6

 
$
6,641.4

 
$
6,424.4

 The components of identifiable intangible assets are as follows:
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Customer relationships
$
3,538.7

 
$
(930.7
)
 
$
2,608.0

 
$
3,275.3

 
$
(855.2
)
 
$
2,420.1

Patents, licenses and technology
403.9

 
(175.4
)
 
228.5

 
395.3

 
(163.3
)
 
232.0

Non-compete agreements
82.8

 
(45.2
)
 
37.6

 
53.0

 
(42.1
)
 
10.9

Trade names
413.5

 
(155.6
)
 
257.9

 
406.3

 
(141.6
)
 
264.7

Land use right
10.0

 
(2.0
)
 
8.0

 
10.0

 
(1.4
)
 
8.6

Canadian licenses
481.2

 
—

 
481.2

 
464.2

 
—

 
464.2

 
$
4,930.1

 
$
(1,308.9
)
 
$
3,621.2

 
$
4,604.1

 
$
(1,203.6
)
 
$
3,400.5

Amortization of intangible assets for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $51.4 and $45.3, respectively, and $99.0 and $89.6 for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. Amortization expense for the net carrying amount of intangible assets is estimated to be $92.3 for the remainder of fiscal 2017, $188.9 in fiscal 2018, $181.3 in fiscal 2019, $174.0 in fiscal 2020, $170.8 in fiscal 2021 and $2,228.7 thereafter.
Based upon performance in the first half of 2017, the Company will continue to monitor the financial performance of, and assumptions for, two of the CDD reporting units for which an income approach for goodwill impairment was performed in 2016. A future impairment charge for goodwill or intangible assets could have a material effect on the Company's operating income as presented in its Consolidated Statement of Operations.
6.  
DEBT
Short-term borrowings and the current portion of long-term debt at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:

11
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31, 2016
Zero-coupon convertible subordinated notes
$
11.4

 
$
42.4

2.20% senior notes due 2017
500.0

 
500.0

Debt issuance costs
(0.9
)
 
(1.3
)
Current portion of capital leases
7.7

 
8.4

Current portion of note payable
1.4

 
—

Total short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt
$
519.6

 
$
549.5

Long-term debt at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31, 2016
2.50% senior notes due 2018
$
400.0

 
$
400.0

4.625% senior notes due 2020
612.0

 
614.6

2.625% senior notes due 2020
500.0

 
500.0

3.75% senior notes due 2022
500.0

 
500.0

3.20% senior notes due 2022
500.0

 
500.0

4.00% senior notes due 2023
300.0

 
300.0

3.60% senior notes due 2025
1,000.0

 
1,000.0

4.70% senior notes due 2045
900.0

 
900.0

Revolving credit facility
309.0

 
—

Term loan
565.0

 
565.0

Debt issuance costs
(39.4
)
 
(43.0
)
Capital leases
54.1

 
56.2

Note payable
7.6

 
7.2

Total long-term debt
$
5,608.3

 
$
5,300.0

Senior Notes
On September 30, 2016, the Company announced the successful completion of the consent solicitations for the 5.00% convertible senior notes due 2017 and 2018, totaling $130.0, assumed as part of the 2016 acquisition of Sequenom. On October 20, 2016, the Company retired $129.9 of these outstanding notes, and paid an additional $5.6 relating to the early retirement of the subsidiary indebtedness (recorded as interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations).
During the third quarter of 2013, the Company entered into two fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements for its 4.625% senior notes due 2020 with an aggregate notional amount of $600.0 and variable interest rates based on one-month LIBOR plus 2.298% to hedge against changes in the fair value of a portion of the Company's long-term debt. These derivative financial instruments are accounted for as fair value hedges of the senior notes due 2020. These interest rate swaps are included in other long-term assets and added to the value of the senior notes, with an aggregate fair value of $12.0 at June 30, 2017 and $14.6 at December 31, 2016.
Zero-Coupon Subordinated Notes
On March 13, 2017, the Company announced that for the period from March 12, 2017 to September 11, 2017, the zero-coupon subordinated notes will accrue contingent cash interest at a rate of no less than 0.125% of the average market price of a zero-coupon subordinated note for the five trading days ended March 8, 2017, in addition to the continued accrual of the original issue discount.
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company settled notices to convert $20.5 aggregate principal amount at maturity of its zero-coupon subordinated notes with a conversion value of $63.1. The total cash used for these settlements was $31.2 and the Company also issued 0.2 shares of common stock. As a result of these conversions, the Company also reversed deferred tax liabilities of $12.8.
On July 3, 2017, the Company announced that its zero-coupon subordinated notes may be converted into cash and common stock at the conversion rate of 13.4108 per $1,000.0 principal amount at maturity of the notes, subject to the terms of the zero-coupon subordinated notes and the Indenture, dated as of October 24, 2006 between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee and the conversion agent. In order to exercise the option to convert all or a portion of the zero-coupon subordinated notes, holders are required to validly surrender their zero-coupon subordinated notes at any time during the calendar quarter

12
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


beginning July 1, 2017 through the close of business on the last business day of the calendar quarter, which is 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on Friday, September 29, 2017. If notices of conversion are received, the Company plans to settle the cash portion of the conversion obligation with cash on hand and/or borrowings under the revolving credit facility.
Credit Facilities
As part of its financing of the Acquisition, the Company entered into a $1,000.0 term loan in December 2014. The term loan credit facility will mature five years after the closing date of the Acquisition and may be prepaid without penalty. The term loan balance at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $565.0.
On December 19, 2014, the Company entered into an amendment and restatement of its existing senior revolving credit facility, which was originally entered into on December 21, 2011. The senior revolving credit facility consists of a five-year revolving facility in the principal amount of up to $1,000.0, with the option of increasing the facility by up to an additional $250.0, subject to the agreement of one or more new or existing lenders to provide such additional amounts and certain other customary conditions. The revolving credit facility also provides for a subfacility of up to $100.0 for swing line borrowings and a subfacility of up to $125.0 for issuances of letters of credit. The revolving credit facility is permitted to be used for general corporate purposes, including working capital, capital expenditures, funding of share repurchases and certain other payments, and acquisitions and other investments. The outstanding balance on the Company's revolving credit facility was $309.0 and $0.0 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Under the term loan facility and the revolving credit facility, the Company is subject to negative covenants limiting subsidiary indebtedness and certain other covenants typical for investment grade-rated borrowers, and the Company is required to maintain certain leverage ratios that decline over time. The Company was in compliance with all covenants in the term loan facility and the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2017. As of June 30, 2017, the ratio of total debt to consolidated trailing 12 month EBITDA was 3.2 to 1.0.
The term loan credit facility accrues interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.125% to 2.00%, or a base rate determined according to a prime rate or federal funds rate plus a margin ranging from 0.125% to 1.00%. Advances under the revolving credit facility will accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.60%, or a base rate determined according to a prime rate or federal funds rate plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.60%. Fees are payable on outstanding letters of credit under the revolving credit facility at a per annum rate equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR loans, and the Company is required to pay a facility fee on the aggregate commitments under the revolving credit facility, at a per annum rate ranging from 0.125% to 0.40%. The interest margin applicable to the credit facilities, and the facility fee and letter of credit fees payable under the revolving credit facility, are based on the Company’s senior credit ratings as determined by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s.
As of June 30, 2017, the effective interest rate on the revolving credit facility was 2.29% and the effective interest rate on the term loan was 2.48%.
7. PREFERRED STOCK AND COMMON SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
The Company is authorized to issue up to 265.0 shares of common stock, par value $0.10 per share. The Company’s treasury shares are recorded at aggregate cost. The Company is authorized to issue up to 30.0 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.10 per share. There were no preferred shares outstanding as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
The changes in common shares issued and held in treasury are summarized below:
 
Issued
 
Held in Treasury
 
Outstanding
Common shares at December 31, 2016
125.6

 
(22.9
)
 
102.7

Common stock issued under employee stock plans
1.2

 
—

 
1.2

Common stock issued upon conversion of zero-coupon subordinated notes
0.2

 
—

 
0.2

Surrender of restricted stock and performance share awards
—

 
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
Retirement of common stock
(1.8
)
 
—

 
(1.8
)
Common shares at June 30, 2017
125.2

 
(23.2
)
 
102.0

 Share Repurchase Program
At the end of 2016, the Company had outstanding authorization from the Board of Directors to purchase up to $739.5 of Company common stock. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company purchased 1.9 shares of its common stock at a total cost of $256.0 (inclusive of 0.1 shares of common stock at a cost of $6.0 representing committed purchases as of December 31, 2016

13
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


that settled in early 2017). As of June 30, 2017, the Company had outstanding authorization from the Board of Directors to purchase up to $489.5 of Company common stock. The repurchase authorization has no expiration.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Earnings
     The components of accumulated other comprehensive earnings are as follows:
 
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustments
 
Net
Benefit
Plan
Adjustments
 
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Earnings (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
(470.7
)
 
$
(110.4
)
 
 
$
(581.1
)
  Other comprehensive earnings before reclassifications
216.5

 
2.1

 
 
218.6

  Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive earnings to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations (a)
—

 
(1.0
)
 
 
(1.0
)
  Tax effect of adjustments
(20.0
)
 
(0.8
)
 
 
(20.8
)
Balance at June 30, 2017
$
(274.2
)
 
$
(110.1
)
 
 
$
(384.3
)
(a) The amortization of prior service cost is included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. See Note 10 (Pension and Post-retirement Plans) below for additional information regarding the Company's net periodic benefit cost.
In the first quarter of 2016, the Company finalized measurement period adjustments relating to the Acquisition and incorrectly recorded them retrospectively to the interim periods in 2015. The final measurement period adjustments consisted of foreign cumulative translation adjustments related to the final allocation of goodwill and intangibles to the applicable international geographies which were completed in the first quarter of 2016. In order to record these adjustments in the correct accounting period, the Company has reduced the foreign currency translation adjustment by $80.4 in its first quarter 2016 Statement of Comprehensive Income, in accordance with Accounting Standards Update 2015-16 Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. The Company concluded that the correction of this error was not material individually or in the aggregate to the prior period noted.
8.
INCOME TAXES
The Company does not recognize a tax benefit unless the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that the benefit will be sustained on audit by the taxing authority based solely on the technical merits of the associated tax position. If the recognition threshold is met, the Company recognizes a tax benefit measured at the largest amount of the tax benefit that the Company believes is greater than 50% likely to be realized.
The gross unrecognized income tax benefits were $16.7 and $18.4 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. It is anticipated that the amount of the unrecognized income tax benefits will change within the next 12 months; however, these changes are not expected to have a significant impact on the results of operations, cash flows or the financial position of the Company.
As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $16.7 and $18.4, respectively, are the approximate amounts of gross unrecognized income tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits in income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions totaled $8.1 and $9.9 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
The valuation allowance provided as a reserve against certain deferred tax assets is $32.1 and $31.3 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
The Company has substantially concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters for years through 2012. Substantially all material state and local and foreign income tax matters have been concluded through 2011 and 2004, respectively.
The Internal Revenue Service concluded the examination of the Company's 2014 federal consolidated income tax return in 2016, which did not include Covance Inc. Covance Inc.'s 2013 federal consolidated income tax return is currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service. The Canada Revenue Agency is currently examining the Company's Canadian subsidiaries' 2013 and 2014 tax returns. The Company has various state and foreign income tax examinations ongoing throughout the year. The Company believes adequate provisions have been recorded related to all open tax years.


14
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


9.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company is involved from time to time in various claims and legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions, and other litigation (including those described in more detail below), arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these actions involve claims that are substantial in amount. These matters include, but are not limited to, intellectual property disputes; commercial and contract disputes; professional liability; employee-related matters; and inquiries, including subpoenas and other civil investigative demands, from governmental agencies and Medicare or Medicaid payers and MCOs reviewing billing practices or requesting comment on allegations of billing irregularities that are brought to their attention through billing audits or third parties. The Company receives civil investigative demands or other inquiries from various governmental bodies in the ordinary course of its business. Such inquiries can relate to the Company or other parties, including physicians and other healthcare providers. The Company works cooperatively to respond to appropriate requests for information.
The Company also is named from time to time in suits brought under the qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act and comparable state laws. These suits typically allege that the Company has made false statements and/or certifications in connection with claims for payment from U.S. federal or state healthcare programs. The suits may remain under seal (hence, unknown to the Company) for some time while the government decides whether to intervene on behalf of the qui tam plaintiff. Such claims are an inevitable part of doing business in the healthcare field today.
The Company believes that it is in compliance in all material respects with all statutes, regulations and other requirements applicable to its commercial laboratory operations and drug development support services. The healthcare diagnostics and drug development industries are, however, subject to extensive regulation, and the courts have not interpreted many of the applicable statutes and regulations. There can be no assurance, therefore, that the applicable statutes and regulations will not be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory or judicial authority in a manner that would adversely affect the Company. Potential sanctions for violation of these statutes and regulations include significant fines; the loss of various licenses, certificates and authorizations; and/or exclusion from participation in government programs.
Many of the current claims and legal actions against the Company are in preliminary stages, and many of these cases seek an indeterminate amount of damages. The Company records an aggregate legal reserve, which is determined using calculations based on historical loss rates and assessment of trends experienced in settlements and defense costs. In accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 450 “Contingencies,” the Company establishes reserves for judicial, regulatory, and arbitration matters outside the aggregate legal reserve if and when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable and would exceed the aggregate legal reserve. When loss contingencies are not both probable and estimable, the Company does not establish separate reserves.
The Company is unable to estimate a range of reasonably probable loss for the proceedings described in more detail below in which damages either have not been specified or, in the Company's judgment, are unsupported and/or exaggerated and (i) the proceedings are in early stages; (ii) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions; (iii) there are significant factual issues to be resolved; and/or (iv) there are novel legal issues to be presented. For these proceedings, however, the Company does not believe, based on currently available information, that the outcomes will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, though the outcomes could be material to the Company's operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.
As previously reported, the Company reached a settlement in the previously disclosed lawsuit, California ex rel. Hunter Laboratories, LLC et al. v. Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, et al. (Hunter Labs Settlement Agreement), to avoid the uncertainty and costs associated with prolonged litigation. Pursuant to the executed Hunter Labs Settlement Agreement, the Company recorded a litigation settlement expense of $34.5 in the second quarter of 2011 (net of a previously recorded reserve of $15.0) and paid the settlement amount of $49.5 in the third quarter of 2011. The Company also agreed to certain reporting obligations regarding its pricing for a limited time period and, at the option of the Company in lieu of such reporting obligations, to provide Medi-Cal with a discount from Medi-Cal's otherwise applicable maximum reimbursement rate from November 1, 2011, through October 31, 2012. In 2011, the California legislature enacted Assembly Bill No. 97, which imposed a 10.0% Medi-Cal payment cut on most providers of healthcare services, including clinical laboratories. In 2012, the California legislature enacted Assembly Bill No. 1494, which directed the Department of Healthcare Services (DHCS) to establish new reimbursement rates for Medi-Cal commercial laboratory services based on payments made to California clinical laboratories for similar services by other third-party payers, and provided that until the new rates are set through this process, Medi-Cal payments for commercial laboratory services would be reduced (in addition to a 10.0% payment reduction imposed by Assembly Bill No. 97 in 2011) by “up to 10 percent” for tests with dates of service on or after July 1, 2012, with a cap on payments set at 80.0% of the lowest maximum allowance established under the Medicare program. Under the terms of the Hunter Labs Settlement Agreement, the enactment of this California legislation terminated the Company's reporting obligations (or obligation to provide a discount in lieu of reporting) under that agreement. In April 2015, CMS approved a 10.0% payment reduction under Assembly Bill No. 1494. The new rate methodology established

15
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


new rates that were effective July 1, 2015, but these new rates were not entered into the state computer system until February 2016. The 2016 rates have been implemented. Recoupments associated with these changes are anticipated, but have not begun. Taken together, these changes are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated revenues or results of operations.
As previously reported, the Company responded to an October 2007 subpoena from the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Office of Inspector General's regional office in New York. On August 17, 2011, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York unsealed a False Claims Act lawsuit, United States of America ex rel. NPT Associates v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, which alleges that the Company offered UnitedHealthcare kickbacks in the form of discounts in return for Medicare business. The Plaintiff's Third Amended Complaint further alleges that the Company's billing practices violated the False Claims Acts of fourteen states and the District of Columbia. The lawsuit seeks actual and treble damages and civil penalties for each alleged false claim, as well as recovery of costs, attorney's fees, and legal expenses. Neither the U.S. government nor any state government has intervened in the lawsuit. The Company's Motion to Dismiss was granted in October 2014 and Plaintiff was granted the right to replead. On January 11, 2016, Plaintiff filed a motion requesting leave to file an amended complaint under seal and to vacate the briefing schedule for the Company's motion to dismiss, while the government reviews the amended complaint. The Court granted the motion and vacated the briefing dates. Plaintiff then filed an amended complaint under seal. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
In addition, the Company has received various other subpoenas since 2007 related to Medicaid billing. In October 2009, the Company received a subpoena from the State of Michigan Department of Attorney General seeking documents related to its billing to Michigan Medicaid. In June 2010, the Company received a subpoena from the State of Florida Office of the Attorney General requesting documents related to its billing to Florida Medicaid. In October 2013, the Company received a civil investigative demand from the State of Texas Office of the Attorney General requesting documents related to its billing to Texas Medicaid. The Company is cooperating with these requests.
On November 4, 2013, the State of Florida through the Office of the Attorney General filed an Intervention Complaint in a False Claims Act lawsuit, State of Florida ex rel. Hunter Laboratories, LLC and Chris Riedel v. Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, et al., in the Circuit Court for the Second Judicial Circuit for Leon County. The lawsuit, originally filed by a competitor laboratory, alleges that the Company overcharged Florida’s Medicaid program. The lawsuit seeks actual and treble damages and civil penalties for each alleged false claim, as well as recovery of costs, attorney’s fees, and legal expenses. The Company's Motion to Dismiss was denied in February 2015. In December 2016, the Court granted the Company's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. In April 2017, the Company filed a Motion for Summary Judgment. On June 19, 2017, the parties filed a Notice of Settlement in Principle, and the settlement is currently being finalized. Should the settlement not be finalized, the Company will vigorously defend the remaining claims in the lawsuit.
On May 2, 2013, the Company was served with a False Claims Act lawsuit, State of Georgia ex rel. Hunter Laboratories, LLC and Chris Riedel v. Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, et al., filed in the State Court of Fulton County, Georgia. The lawsuit, filed by a competitor laboratory, alleges that the Company overcharged Georgia's Medicaid program. The State of Georgia filed a Notice of Declination on August 13, 2012, before the Company was served with the Complaint. The case was removed to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. The lawsuit seeks actual and treble damages and civil penalties for each alleged false claim, as well as recovery of costs, attorney's fees, and legal expenses. On March 14, 2014, the Company's Motion to Dismiss was granted. The Plaintiffs repled their complaint, and the Company filed a Motion to Dismiss the First Amended Complaint. In May 2015, the Court dismissed the Plaintiffs' anti-kickback claim and remanded the remaining state law claims to the State Court of Fulton County. In July 2015, the Company filed a Motion to Dismiss these remaining claims. The Plaintiffs filed an opposition to the Company's Motion to Dismiss in August 2015. Also, the State of Georgia filed a brief as amicus curiae. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On June 7, 2012, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Yvonne Jansky v. Laboratory Corporation of America, et al., filed in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of San Francisco. The lawsuit alleged that the defendants committed unlawful and unfair business practices, and violated various other state laws by changing screening codes to diagnostic codes on laboratory test orders, thereby resulting in customers being responsible for co-payments and other debts. The lawsuit sought injunctive relief, actual and punitive damages, as well as recovery of attorney's fees, and legal expenses. In June 2015, Plaintiff's Motion for Class Certification was denied. The Plaintiff appealed the denial of Class Certification, and the Court of Appeal affirmed the denial of the Motion for Class Certification on January 20, 2017. On July 26, 2017, the parties reached a settlement of the Plaintiff's individual claim, and the lawsuit was dismissed on July 26, 2017.
On August 24, 2012, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Sandusky Wellness Center, LLC, et al. v. MEDTOX Scientific, Inc., et al., filed in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota. The lawsuit alleges that on or about February 21, 2012, the defendants violated the U.S. Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) by sending unsolicited facsimiles to Plaintiff and more than 39 other recipients without the recipients' prior express invitation or permission. The lawsuit

16
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


seeks the greater of actual damages or the sum of $0.0005 for each violation, subject to trebling under the TCPA, and injunctive relief. In September of 2014, Plaintiff’s Motion for Class Certification was denied. In January of 2015, the Company’s Motion for Summary Judgment on the remaining individual claim was granted. Plaintiff filed a notice of appeal. On May 3, 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit issued its decision and order reversing the District Court’s denial of class certification. The Eighth Circuit remanded the matter for further proceedings. On December 7, 2016, the District Court granted the Plaintiff’s renewed Motion for Class Certification. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On August 31, 2015, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Patty Davis v. Laboratory Corporation of America, et al., filed in the Circuit Court of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit for Hillsborough County, Florida. The complaint alleges that the Company violated the Florida Consumer Collection Practices Act by billing patients who were collecting benefits under the Workers’ Compensation Statutes. The lawsuit seeks injunctive relief and actual and statutory damages, as well as recovery of attorney's fees and legal expenses. In April 2017, the Circuit Court granted the Company’s Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings. The Plaintiff has appealed the Circuit Court’s ruling to the Florida Second District Court of Appeal. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
In December 2014, the Company received a Civil Investigative Demand issued pursuant to the U.S. False Claims Act from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for South Carolina, which requests information regarding remuneration and services provided by the Company to physicians who also received draw and processing/handling fees from competitor laboratories Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc. and Singulex, Inc. The Company is cooperating with the request.
Prior to the Company’s acquisition of Sequenom, between August 15, 2016, and August 24, 2016, six putative class-action lawsuits were filed on behalf of purported Sequenom stockholders (captioned Malkoff v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02054- JAH-BLM, Gupta v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02084-JAH-KSC, Fruchter v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02101- WQH-KSC, Asiatrade Development Ltd. v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02113-AJB-JMA, Nunes v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02128-AJB-MDD, and Cusumano v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02134-LAB-JMA) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California challenging the acquisition transaction. The complaints asserted claims against Sequenom and members of its Board of Directors (the Individual Defendants). The Nunes action also named the Company and Savoy Acquisition Corp. (Savoy), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, as defendants. The complaints alleged that the defendants violated Sections 14(e), 14(d)(4) and 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by failing to disclose certain allegedly material information. In addition, the complaints in the Malkoff action, Asiatrade action, and Cusumano action alleged that the Individual Defendants breached their fiduciary duties to Sequenom shareholders. The actions sought, among other things, injunctive relief enjoining the merger. On August 30, 2016, the parties entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in each of the above-referenced actions. In connection with the settlement, Sequenom agreed to make certain additional disclosures to its stockholders. In September 6, 2016, the Court entered an order consolidating for all pre-trial purposes the six individual actions described above under the caption In re Sequenom, Inc. Shareholder Litig., Lead Case No. 16-cv-02054-JAH-BLM, and designating the complaint from the Malkoff action as the operative complaint for the consolidated action. On November 11, 2016, two competing motions were filed by two separate stockholders (James Reilly and Shikha Gupta) seeking appointment as lead plaintiff under the terms of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. On June 7, 2017, the Court entered an order declaring Mr. Reilly as the lead plaintiff and approving Mr. Reilly’s selection of lead counsel. The parties agree that the prior MOU has been terminated. The Court has set a schedule for the filing of a consolidated Amended Complaint and briefing for the Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On August 3, 2016, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Daniel L. Bloomquist v. Covance Inc., et al., filed in the Superior Court of California, County of San Diego. The complaint alleges that Covance Inc. violated the California Labor Code and California Business & Professions Code by failing to provide overtime wages, failing to provide meal and rest periods, failing to pay for all hours worked, failing to pay for all wages owed upon termination, and failing to provide accurate itemized wage statements to Clinical Research Associates and Senior Clinical Research Associates employed by Covance Inc. in California. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages, civil penalties, injunctive relief, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. On October 13, 2016, the case was removed to the United States District Court for the Southern District of California. On May 3, 2017, the United States District Court for the Southern District of California remanded the case back to the Superior Court. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On February 7, 2017, Sequenom received a subpoena from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) relating to an SEC investigation into the trading activity of Sequenom shares in connection with the Company’s July 2016 announcement regarding the Sequenom merger. On March 7, 2017, the Company received a similar subpoena. The Company is cooperating with these requests.
On March 10, 2017, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Victoria Bouffard, et al. v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina. The complaint

17
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


alleges that the Company’s patient list prices unlawfully exceed the rates negotiated for the same services with private and public health insurers in violation of various state consumer protection laws. The lawsuit also alleges breach of implied contract or quasi-contract, unjust enrichment, and fraud. The lawsuit seeks statutory, exemplary, and punitive damages, injunctive relief, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. In May 2017, the Company filed a Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs’ Complaint and Strike Class Allegation; this motion is currently pending. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On May 24, 2017, a putative class action lawsuit, Maria T. Gonzalez, et al. v. Examination Management Services, Inc. and Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, was filed against the Company in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California. The complaint alleges that the Company misclassified phlebotomists as independent contractors through an arrangement with the co-Defendant temporary staffing agency. The complaint further alleges that the Company violated the California Labor Code and California Business and Professions Code by failing to pay minimum wage, failing to pay for all hours worked, failing to pay for all wages owed upon termination, and failing to provide accurate itemized wage statements. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages, civil penalties, injunctive relief, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.
Under the Company's present insurance programs, coverage is obtained for catastrophic exposure as well as those risks required to be insured by law or contract. The Company is responsible for the uninsured portion of losses related primarily to general, professional and vehicle liability, certain medical costs and workers' compensation. The self-insured retentions are on a per-occurrence basis without any aggregate annual limit. Provisions for losses expected under these programs are recorded based upon the Company's estimates of the aggregated liability of claims incurred. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had provided letters of credit aggregating approximately $66.0, primarily in connection with certain insurance programs. The Company’s availability under its revolving credit facility is reduced by the amount of these letters of credit.
10.
PENSION AND POST-RETIREMENT PLANS
The Company’s defined contribution retirement plan (401K Plan) covers substantially all pre-Acquisition employees. All employees eligible for the 401K Plan receive a minimum 3% non-elective contribution concurrent with each payroll period. The 401K Plan also permits discretionary contributions by the Company of up to 1% and up to 3% of pay for eligible employees based on years of service with the Company. The cost of this plan was $14.1 and $13.8 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and was $28.7 and $27.2 during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As a result of the Acquisition, the Company also incurred expense of $13.6 and $12.8 for the Covance 401K plan during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $28.6 and $26.5 during six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. All of the Covance U.S. employees are eligible to participate in the discretionary Covance 401K plan, which features a maximum 4.5% Company match, based upon a percentage of the employee’s contributions.
The Company also maintains a frozen defined benefit retirement plan (Company Plan), which as of December 31, 2009 covered substantially all employees. The benefits to be paid under the Company Plan are based on years of credited service through December 31, 2009 and ongoing interest credits. Effective January 1, 2010, the Company Plan was closed to new participants. The Company’s policy is to fund the Company Plan with at least the minimum amount required by applicable regulations.
The Company maintains a second, unfunded, non-contributory, non-qualified defined benefit retirement plan (PEP), which as of December 31, 2009 covered substantially all of its senior management group. The PEP supplements the Company Plan and was closed to new participants effective January 1, 2010.     
The effect on operations for the Company Plan and the PEP is summarized as follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Service cost for administrative expenses
$
1.4

 
$
1.2

 
$
2.8

 
$
2.4

Interest cost on benefit obligation
3.5

 
3.9

 
7.2

 
7.8

Expected return on plan assets
(4.1
)
 
(4.2
)
 
(8.2
)
 
(8.4
)
Net amortization and deferral
2.7

 
2.8

 
5.5

 
5.6

Defined benefit plan costs
$
3.5

 
$
3.7

 
$
7.3

 
$
7.4

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company contributed $3.2 and $5.6, respectively, to the Company Plan.
As a result of the Acquisition, the Company also has a frozen non-qualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP). The SERP, which is not funded, is intended to provide retirement benefits for certain executive officers of the Company who were

18
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


formerly employees of Covance. Benefit amounts are based upon years of service and compensation of the participating employees. The components of the net periodic pension cost for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016 are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Interest cost
$
0.1

 
$
0.2

 
$
0.1

 
$
0.4

Settlement gain
(0.1
)
 
—

 
(0.2
)
 
—

Net periodic pension cost
$
—

 
$
0.2

 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
0.4

The Company has assumed the obligations under a subsidiary’s post-retirement medical plan. Coverage under this plan is restricted to a limited number of existing employees of the subsidiary. The Company funds the plan through monthly contributions to a Health Reimbursement Arrangement, which can be used by eligible participants to purchase health care insurance through insurance exchanges. Effective January 1, 2017, Health Reimbursement Arrangement contributions for Medicare eligible participants ceased. The effect on operations of the post-retirement medical plan is shown in the following table:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Interest cost on benefit obligation
0.1

 
0.1

 
0.2

 
0.2

Net amortization and deferral
(1.7
)
 
(4.2
)
 
(3.4
)
 
(8.0
)
Post-retirement medical plan benefits
$
(1.6
)
 
$
(4.1
)
 
$
(3.2
)
 
$
(7.8
)
Also as a result of the Acquisition, the Company sponsors a post-employment retiree health and welfare plan for the benefit of eligible employees at certain U.S. subsidiaries who retire after satisfying service and age requirements. Effective January 1, 2017, this Plan ceased directly providing medical, prescription drug and dental coverage options previously available to eligible participants. Instead, the Company will fund the plan through monthly contributions to a Health Reimbursement Arrangement, which can be used by non-Medicare eligible participants to purchase health care insurance through insurance exchanges. The net periodic post-retirement benefit cost for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $0.5 and $0.4, respectively, and was $1.0 and $0.8 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
As a result of the Acquisition, the Company sponsors two defined benefit pension plans for the benefit of its employees at two United Kingdom subsidiaries and one defined benefit pension plan for the benefit of its employees at a German subsidiary, all of which are legacy plans of previously acquired companies. Benefit amounts for all three plans are based upon years of service and compensation. The German plan is unfunded while the United Kingdom pension plans are funded. The Company’s funding policy has been to contribute annually amounts at least equal to the local statutory funding requirements.
 
United Kingdom Plans
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Service cost for administrative expenses
$
0.9

 
$
0.8

 
$
1.8

 
$
1.6

Interest cost on benefit obligation
1.9

 
2.2

 
3.7

 
4.4

Expected return on plan assets
(2.9
)
 
(3.1
)
 
(5.6
)
 
(6.2
)
Net (gain) from prior periods
0.2

 
—

 
0.4

 
—

Defined benefit plan costs
$
0.1

 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
0.3

 
$
(0.2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assumptions used to determine defined benefit plan cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
2.7
%
 
3.8
%
 
2.7
%
 
3.8
%
Expected return on assets
4.7
%
 
5.6
%
 
4.7
%
 
5.6
%
Salary increases
3.8
%
 
3.6
%
 
3.8
%
 
3.6
%

19
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


 
German Plan
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Service cost for administrative expenses
$
0.3

 
$
0.2

 
$
0.5

 
$
0.5

Interest cost on benefit obligation
0.1

 
0.2

 
0.3

 
0.3

Net amortization and deferral
—

 
(0.1
)
 
—

 
(0.1
)
Defined benefit plan costs
$
0.4

 
$
0.3

 
$
0.8

 
$
0.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assumptions used to determine defined benefit plan cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
1.7
%
 
2.5
%
 
1.7
%
 
2.5
%
Expected return on assets
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Salary increases
2.0
%
 
2.0
%
 
2.0
%
 
2.0
%
11.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company’s population of financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows:
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements as of
 
Fair Value
as of
 
June 30, 2017
 
 
Using Fair Value Hierarchy
 
June 30, 2017
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Noncontrolling interest put
$
15.9

 
$
—

 
$
15.9

 
$
—

Interest rate swap
12.0

 
—

 
12.0

 
—

Cash surrender value of life insurance policies
58.8

 
—

 
58.8

 
—

Deferred compensation liability
59.6

 
—

 
59.6

 
—

Contingent consideration
16.0

 
—

 
—

 
16.0

 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements as of
 
Fair Value
as of
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Using Fair Value Hierarchy
 
December 31, 2016
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Noncontrolling interest put
$
15.2

 
$
—

 
$
15.2

 
$
—

Interest rate swap
14.6

 
—

 
14.6

 
—

Cash surrender value of life insurance policies
53.6

 
—

 
53.6

 
—

Deferred compensation liability
54.2

 
—

 
54.2

 
—

Contingent consideration
16.8

 
—

 
—

 
16.8

The Company has a noncontrolling interest put related to its Ontario subsidiary that has been classified as mezzanine equity in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The noncontrolling interest put is valued at its contractually determined value, which approximates fair value.
The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in a deferred compensation plan (DCP). A participant's deferrals are allocated by the participant to one or more of 16 measurement funds, which are indexed to externally managed funds. From time to time, to offset the cost of the growth in the participant's investment accounts, the Company purchases life insurance policies, with the Company named as beneficiary of the policies. Changes in the cash surrender value of these policies are based upon earnings and changes in the value of the underlying investments, which are typically invested in a manner similar to the participants' allocations. Changes in the fair value of the DCP obligation are derived using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units. The cash surrender value and the DCP obligations are classified within Level 2 because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data by correlation to the hypothetical investments.
The Company has contingent accrued earn-out business acquisition consideration liabilities which were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date and are remeasured quarterly based on the then assessed fair value and adjusted if necessary. The increases or decreases in the fair value of contingent consideration payable can result from changes in anticipated revenue levels and changes in assumed discount periods and rates. As the fair value measure is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market, they are categorized as Level 3.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, income taxes receivable, and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their respective fair values due to their short-term nature. The fair market value of the zero-

20
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


coupon subordinated notes, based on market pricing, was approximately $23.4 and $79.3 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The fair market value of all of the senior notes, based on market pricing, was approximately $5,357.9 and $5,254.5 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The Company's note and debt instruments are classified as Level 2 instruments, as the fair market values of these instruments are determined using other observable inputs.
12.
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company addresses its exposure to market risks, principally the market risk associated with changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, through a controlled program of risk management that includes, from time to time, the use of derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swap agreements (see Interest Rate Swap section below). Although the Company’s zero-coupon subordinated notes contain features that are considered to be embedded derivative instruments (see Embedded Derivatives Related to the Zero-Coupon Subordinated Notes section below), the Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. The Company does not believe that its exposure to market risk is material to the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Interest Rate Swap
The Company is party to two fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements for its 4.625% senior notes due 2020 with an aggregate notional amount of $600.0 and variable interest rates based on one-month LIBOR plus 2.298% to hedge against changes in the fair value of a portion of the Company's long term debt. These derivative financial instruments are accounted for as fair value hedges of the senior notes due 2020. These interest rate swaps are included in other long term assets and added to the value of the senior notes, with an aggregate fair value of $12.0 and $14.6 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. As the specific terms and notional amounts of the derivative financial instruments match those of the fixed-rate debt being hedged, the derivative instruments are assumed to be perfectly effective hedges and accordingly, there is no impact to the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
Embedded Derivatives Related to the Zero-Coupon Subordinated Notes
The Company’s zero-coupon subordinated notes contain the following two features that are considered to be embedded derivative instruments under authoritative guidance in connection with accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities:
1)
The Company will pay contingent cash interest on the zero-coupon subordinated notes after September 11, 2006, if the average market price of the notes equals 120% or more of the sum of the issue price, accrued original issue discount and contingent additional principal, if any, for a specified measurement period.
2)
Holders may surrender zero-coupon subordinated notes for conversion during any period in which the rating assigned to the zero-coupon subordinated notes by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services is BB- or lower.
The Company believes these embedded derivatives had no fair value at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. These embedded derivatives also had no impact on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Other Derivative Instruments
The Company periodically enters into foreign currency forward contracts, which are recognized as assets or liabilities at their fair value. These contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting and the changes in fair value are recorded directly to earnings. The contracts are short-term in nature and the fair value of these contracts is based on market prices for comparable contracts. The fair value of these contracts is not significant as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
13.
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Supplemental schedule of cash flow information:
 
 
 
Cash paid during period for:
 
 
 
Interest
$
102.2

 
$
103.6

Income taxes, net of refunds
127.9

 
161.6

Disclosure of non-cash financing and investing activities:
 

 
 

Surrender of restricted stock awards and performance awards
$
46.2

 
$
33.1

Conversion of zero-coupon convertible debt
12.8

 
4.9

Assets acquired under capital leases
0.9

 
9.5

Increase in accrued property, plant and equipment
2.8

 
1.7


21
LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)


14.
BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
The following table is a summary of segment information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. The management approach has been used to present the following segment information. This approach is based upon the way the management of the Company organizes its business unit operations for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Financial information is reported on the basis that it is used internally by the chief operating decision maker (CODM) for evaluating segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources to segments. The Company’s chief executive officer has been identified as the CODM.
Segment asset information is not presented because it is not used by the CODM at the segment level. Operating earnings of each segment represents net revenues less directly identifiable expenses to arrive at operating income for the segment. General management and administrative corporate expenses are included in general corporate expenses below. The table below represents information about the Company’s reporting segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net revenues:
LCD
$
1,799.1

 
$
1,659.7

 
$
3,517.0

 
$
3,250.3

CDD
699.7

 
722.4

 
1,390.0

 
1,427.1

Intercompany eliminations
(0.4
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(0.2
)
Net revenues
2,498.4

 
2,382.0

 
4,906.5

 
4,677.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating earnings:
LCD
334.5

—

329.6

 
644.0

 
604.3

CDD
35.8

 
74.7

 
91.9

 
138.4

Unallocated corporate expenses
(34.3
)
 
(38.8
)
 
(67.2
)
 
(77.7
)
Total operating income
336.0

 
365.5

 
668.7

 
665.0

Other income (expense), net
(50.9
)
 
(53.6
)
 
(103.9
)
 
(99.5
)
Earnings before income taxes
285.1

 
311.9

 
564.8

 
565.5

Provision for income taxes
96.2

 
107.5

 
183.4

 
196.7

Net earnings
188.9

 
204.4

 
381.4

 
368.8

Less income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(0.6
)
Net income attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings
$
188.6

 
$
204.1

 
$
380.8

 
$
368.2

15.
SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On July 31, 2017, the Company announced that it will acquire Chiltern, a specialty contract research organization, pursuant to a definitive agreement with Chiltern’s shareholders in an all-cash transaction valued at approximately $1,200.0. The Company expects to fund the acquisition through a combination of bank financing and bonds. The transaction is subject to regulatory and customary closing conditions, and is expected to close in the fourth quarter, 2017. Once the transaction is complete, Chiltern will become part of the Company's CDD segment.

















22

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
The Company has made in this report, and from time to time may otherwise make in its public filings, press releases and discussions by Company management, forward-looking statements concerning the Company’s operations, performance and financial condition, as well as its strategic objectives. Some of these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “believes”, “expects”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “seeks”, “approximately”, “intends”, “plans”, “estimates”, or “anticipates” or the negative of those words or other comparable terminology. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties and the Company claims the protection afforded by the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results could differ materially from those currently anticipated due to a number of factors in addition to those discussed elsewhere herein and in the Company’s other public filings, press releases and discussions with Company management, including:
1.
changes in government and third-party payer regulations or coverage policies or other future reforms in the healthcare system (or in the interpretation of current regulations), new insurance or payment systems, including state, regional or private insurance cooperatives (e.g., health insurance exchanges), affecting governmental and third-party coverage or reimbursement for commercial laboratory testing;
2.
significant monetary damages, fines, penalties, assessments, refunds, repayments, unanticipated compliance expenditures and/or exclusion or disbarment from or ineligibility to participate in government programs, among other adverse consequences, arising from enforcement of anti-fraud and abuse laws, and other laws applicable to the Company in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
3.
significant fines, penalties, costs, unanticipated compliance expenditures and/or damage to the Company’s reputation arising from the failure to comply with national, state or local privacy and security laws and regulations, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation and similar laws and regulations in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
4.
loss or suspension of a license or imposition of a fine or penalties under, or future changes in, or interpretations of applicable national, state, or local licensing laws or regulations regarding the operation of clinical laboratories and the delivery of clinical laboratory test results, including, but not limited to, the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1967 and the U.S. Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 and similar laws and regulations in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
5.
penalties or loss of license arising from the failure to comply with applicable national, state or local occupational and workplace safety laws and regulations, including the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements and the U.S. Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act and similar laws and regulations in other jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
6.
fines, unanticipated compliance expenditures, suspension of manufacturing, enforcement actions, injunctions, or criminal prosecution arising from failure to maintain compliance with current good manufacturing practice regulations and similar requirements of various regulatory agencies in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
7.
sanctions or other remedies, including fines, unanticipated compliance expenditures, enforcement actions, injunctions or criminal prosecution arising from failure to comply with the Animal Welfare Act or similar national, state and local laws and regulations in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
8.
changes in testing guidelines or recommendations by government agencies, medical specialty societies and other authoritative bodies affecting the utilization of laboratory tests;
9.
changes in national, state or local government regulations or policies affecting the approval, availability of, and the selling and marketing of diagnostic tests, drug development, or the conduct of drug development studies and trials, including regulations and policies of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the U.K., the China Food and Drug Administration, the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency in Japan, the European Medicines Agency and similar regulations and policies of agencies in other jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;
10.
changes in government regulations or reimbursement pertaining to the biopharmaceutical industry, changes in reimbursement of biopharmaceutical products or reduced spending on research and development by biopharmaceutical customers;

23

11.
liabilities that result from the failure to comply with corporate governance requirements;
12.
increased competition, including price competition, potential reduction in rates in response to price transparency and consumerism, competitive bidding and/or changes or reductions to fee schedules and competition from companies that do not comply with existing laws or regulations or otherwise disregard compliance standards in the industry;
13.
changes in payer mix or payment structure, including insurance carrier participation in health insurance exchanges, an increase in capitated reimbursement mechanisms, the impact of a shift to consumer-driven health plans or plans carrying an increased level of member cost-sharing and adverse changes in payer reimbursement or payer coverage policies (implemented directly or through a third-party utilization management organization) related to specific diagnostic tests, categories of testing or testing methodologies;
14.
failure to retain or attract managed care organization (MCO) business as a result of changes in business models, including new risk-based or network approaches, out-sourced Laboratory Network Management or Utilization Management companies, or other changes in strategy or business models by MCOs;
15.
failure to obtain and retain new customers, an unfavorable change in the mix of testing services ordered, or a reduction in tests ordered, specimens submitted or services requested by existing customers;
16.
difficulty in maintaining relationships with customers or retaining key employees as a result of uncertainty surrounding the integration of acquisitions and the resulting negative effects on the business of the Company;
17.
consolidation and convergence of MCOs, biopharmaceutical companies, health systems, large physician organizations and other customers potentially causing material shifts in insourcing, utilization, pricing and reimbursements, including full and partial risk-based models;
18.
failure to effectively develop and deploy new systems, system modifications or enhancements required in response to evolving market and business needs;
19.
customers choosing to insource services that are or could be purchased from the Company;
20.
failure to identify, successfully close and effectively integrate and/or manage acquisitions of new businesses;
21.
inability to achieve the expected benefits and synergies of newly-acquired businesses, and impact on the Company's cash position, levels of indebtedness and stock price;
22.
termination, loss, delay, reduction in scope or increased costs of contracts, including large contracts and multiple contracts;
23.
liability arising from errors or omissions in the performance of contract research services or other contractual arrangements;
24.
failure to successfully obtain, maintain and enforce intellectual property rights and defend against challenges to the Company’s intellectual property rights;
25.
changes or disruption in services or supplies provided by third parties, including transportation;
26.
damage or disruption to the Company's facilities;
27.
damage to the Company's reputation, loss of business or other harm from acts of animal rights extremists or potential harm and/or liability arising from animal research activities or the provision of animal research products;        
28.
adverse results in litigation matters;
29.
inability to attract and retain experienced and qualified personnel;
30.
failure to develop or acquire licenses for new or improved technologies, such as point-of-care testing, mobile health technologies and digital pathology, or potential use of new technologies by customers and/or consumers to perform their own tests;
31.
substantial costs arising from the inability to commercialize newly licensed tests or technologies or to obtain appropriate coverage or reimbursement for such tests;
32.
inability to obtain and maintain adequate patent and other proprietary rights for protection of the Company's products and services and successfully enforce the Company's proprietary rights;
33.
scope, validity and enforceability of patents and other proprietary rights held by third parties that may impact the Company's ability to develop, perform, or market the Company's products or services or operate its business;
34.
business interruption or other impact on the business due to adverse weather, fires and/or other natural disasters, acts of war, terrorism or other criminal acts, and/or widespread outbreak of influenza or other pandemic illness;
35.
discontinuation or recalls of existing testing products;

24

36.
a failure in the Company's information technology systems, including with respect to testing turnaround time and billing processes, or the failure to maintain the security of business information or systems or to protect against cyber security attacks such as denial of service attacks, malware, ransomware and computer viruses, or delays or failures in the development and implementation of the Company’s automation platforms, any of which could result in a negative effect on the Company’s performance of services, a loss of business or increased costs, damages to the Company’s reputation, significant litigation exposure, an inability to meet required financial reporting deadlines, or the failure to meet future regulatory or customer information technology, data security and connectivity requirements;
37.
business interruption, increased costs, and other adverse effects on the Company's operations due to the unionization of employees, union strikes, work stoppages, general labor unrest or failure to comply with labor or employment laws;
38.
failure to maintain the Company's days sales outstanding and/or bad debt expense levels including a negative impact on the Company's reimbursement, cash collections and profitability arising from unfavorable changes in third-party payer policies, payment delays introduced by third party utilization management organizations and continued market shift to plan designs with higher patient out-of-pocket costs;
39.
impact on the Company's revenue, cash collections and the availability of credit for general liquidity or other financing needs arising from a significant deterioration in the economy or financial markets or in the Company's credit ratings by S&P and/or Moody's;     
40.
failure to maintain the expected capital structure for the Company, including failure to maintain the Company's investment grade rating;
41.
changes in reimbursement by foreign governments and foreign currency fluctuations;
42.
inability to obtain certain billing information from physicians, resulting in increased costs and complexity, a temporary disruption in receipts and ongoing reductions in reimbursements and net revenues;
43.
expenses and risks associated with international operations, including, but not limited to, compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, other global anti-corruption laws and regulations, trade sanction laws and regulations, and economic, political, legal and other operational risks associated with foreign jurisdictions;
44.
failure to achieve expected efficiencies and savings in connection with the Company's business process improvement initiatives;
45.
changes in tax laws and regulations or changes in their interpretation; and
46.
global economic conditions and government and regulatory changes, including, but not limited to the United Kingdom's announced intention to exit from the European Union.
GENERAL (dollars in millions, except per share data)

During the first six months of 2017, LCD experienced strong revenue growth, driven by acquisitions as well as organic growth, which was tempered by the decline in CDD revenue primarily relating to the cancellation by sponsors of two large studies in late 2016 and an unfavorable currency impact. The company defines organic growth as the increase in revenue excluding revenue from acquisitions for the first twelve months after the close of each acquisition.
On April 25, 2017, the Company announced that it was expanding its LaunchPad initiative to include its CDD segment. The application of this initiative to CDD will consist of two phases implemented over three years. The first phase is intended to better align CDD's resources with its near-term outlook, and, in connection with the implementation of the first phase, on April 24, 2017, the Company committed to carry out a reduction in workforce in 2017.The first phase is currently underway and is expected to generate pre-tax savings of approximately $20.0 in 2017 and approximately $45.0 on an annualized basis thereafter, with pre-tax charges of $30.0 primarily related to severance costs, expected to be approximately $14.0 and related facility closure costs, expected to be approximately $16.0 in 2017. The second phase will focus on long-term structural changes designed to create a more efficient business model for CDD. Additional details on the second phase will be provided later this year.
Based upon performance in the first half of 2017, the Company will continue to monitor the financial performance of, and assumptions for, two of the CDD reporting units for which an income approach for goodwill impairment was performed in 2016. A future impairment charge for goodwill or intangible assets could have a material effect on the Company's operating income as presented in its Consolidated Statement of Operations.
On July 31, 2017, the Company announced that it will acquire Chiltern, a specialty contract research organization, pursuant to a definitive agreement with Chiltern’s shareholders in an all-cash transaction valued at approximately $1,200.0. The Company expects to fund the acquisition through a combination of bank financing and bonds. The transaction is subject to regulatory and

25

customary closing conditions, and is expected to close in the fourth quarter, 2017. Once the transaction is complete, Chiltern will become part of the Company's CDD segment.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (dollars in millions)

Three months ended June 30, 2017 compared with three months ended June 30, 2016
Net Revenue
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Net revenue
 
 
 
 
 
LCD
$
1,799.1

 
$
1,659.7

 
8.4
 %
CDD
699.7

 
722.4

 
(3.1
)%
Intercompany eliminations
(0.4
)
 
(0.1
)
 
N/A

Total
$
2,498.4

 
$
2,382.0

 
4.9
 %
The increase in net revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2017 as compared with the corresponding period in 2016 was due to strong growth in LCD, partially offset by the decline in CDD revenue primarily relating to the cancellation by sponsors of two large studies in late 2016 and an unfavorable currency impact. In addition, revenue growth was negatively impacted by the year-over-year comparison to Leap Year and the timing of the Easter holiday.
LCD net revenue for the second quarter was $1,799.1, an increase of 8.4% over revenue of $1,659.7 in the second quarter of 2016. The increase in net revenue was the result of organic volume growth, measured by requisitions, price, mix and acquisitions, partially offset by currency. The 8.4% increase in net revenues was comprised of 5.2% of acquisition growth, 3.5% of organic net revenue growth and an unfavorable currency impact of 0.3%. The increase in organic net revenue was driven by growth in volume, measured by requisitions, of 1.9%. Volume was negatively impacted by approximately 1.5% due to the year-over-year comparison to Leap Year and the timing of the Easter holiday. Price and mix accounted for an additional 1.6% of the growth, excluding the impact of currency.
CDD net revenue for the first quarter was $699.7, a decrease of 3.1% over revenue of $722.4 in the second quarter of 2016. The decrease in net revenue was primarily due to the impact of the previously discussed cancellation by sponsors of two large studies in late 2016. The net revenue was also unfavorably impacted by 1.4% of currency.
Net Cost of Revenues
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Net cost of revenues
$
1,636.6

 
$
1,555.2

 
5.2
%
Cost of revenues as a % of net revenue
65.5
%
 
65.3
%
 
 

Net cost of revenues increased 5.2% during the three months ended June 30, 2017 as compared with the corresponding period in 2016. Net cost of revenues as a percentage of net revenue increased from 65.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2016 to 65.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 primarily due to the addition of clinical research associate positions within the CDD segment during the past year. The net cost of revenues was also impacted by a decrease of 0.2% due to currency fluctuations.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses
$
435.3

 
$
409.4

 
6.3
%
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of net revenue
17.4
%
 
17.2
%
 
 

Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenue increased to 17.4% during the three months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to 17.2% during the corresponding period in 2016.
During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company incurred legal and other costs of $5.7 relating to recent acquisition activity. The Company also recorded $2.3 in consulting expenses relating to fees incurred as part of its integration and compensation analysis. In addition, the Company incurred $2.8 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative (all recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses). 
During the three months ended June 30, 2016, the Company incurred legal and other costs of $1.1 relating to the wind down of its minimum volume service contract operations. The Company also recorded $4.0 in consulting expenses relating to fees

26

incurred as part of its integration and compensation analysis, along with $0.5 in short-term equity retention arrangements relating to the Covance Inc. acquisition (Acquisition) and $0.4 of accelerated equity compensation relating to the announced retirement of a Company executive (all recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses). In addition, the Company incurred $1.9 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative.
Excluding these charges, selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 17.0% and 16.9% during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenue, excluding these charges, is primarily due to higher personnel costs offset partially by the impact of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative. Bad debt expense for LCD was 4.3% of net revenue for that segment during the three months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to 4.4% during the corresponding period in 2016. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was partially offset by a net decrease of 0.1% due to currency fluctuations.
Amortization of Intangibles and Other Assets
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
LCD
$
29.8

 
$
23.2

 
28.4
 %
CDD
21.6

 
22.1

 
(2.3
)%
Total amortization of intangibles and other assets
$
51.4

 
$
45.3

 
13.5
 %
The increase in amortization of intangibles and other assets primarily reflects the impact of acquisitions occurring after June 30, 2016.
Restructuring and Other Special Charges
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Restructuring and other special charges
$
39.1

 
$
6.6

 
492.4
%
During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $39.1; $7.4 within LCD and $31.7 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $19.9 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $4.2 in costs associated with facility closures and general integration initiatives. The Company reversed $0.1 in unused facility-related costs. Also, included in the net restructuring and other special charges is an impairment loss of $15.1 related to the termination of a software development project.
During the three months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $6.6; ($0.6) within LCD and $7.2 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $4.5 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $4.6 in costs associated with facility closures. A substantial portion of these costs relate to the planned closure of duplicative data center operations. The Company reversed previously established reserves of $2.2 in unused facility-related costs and $0.3 in unused severance reserves primarily as the result of selling one of CDD's minimum volume service contract facilities to a third party.
Interest Expense
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Interest expense
$
(55.0
)
 
(53.5
)
 
2.8
%
The increase in interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2017 as compared with the corresponding period in 2016 is primarily due to the larger average outstanding balance on the revolving credit facilities for the three months ended June 30, 2017, with higher interest rates, partially offset by a lower average balance on the term loan and repayment of the 3.125% senior notes in May 2016.
Equity Method Income
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Equity method income
$
4.5

 
$
1.9

 
136.8
%
 
Equity method income represents the Company's ownership share in joint venture partnerships along with equity investments in other companies in the health care industry. All of these partnerships and investments reside within LCD. The increase in income

27

for the three months ended June 30, 2017 as compared with the corresponding period in 2016 was primarily due to the addition of several joint ventures related to the May 2017 acquisition of Pathology Associates Medical Laboratories (PAML).
Other, net
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Other, net
$
(0.8
)
 
$
(2.4
)
 
(66.7
)%
 
The change in other, net for the three months ended June 30, 2017, is primarily due to a decrease in foreign currency transaction losses. Foreign currency transaction losses were $0.3 and $1.5, respectively for the 2017 and 2016 periods presented.
Income Tax Expense
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Income tax expense
$
96.2

 
$
107.5

 
(10.5
)%
Income tax expense as a % of earnings before income taxes
33.7
%
 
34.5
%
 
 

The Company's 2017 and 2016 tax rate was favorably impacted by foreign earnings taxed at lower rates than the U.S. statutory tax rate. The rate for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was lower than the corresponding period in 2016 due to a more favorable mix of taxable income in foreign jurisdictions. The Company considers all of the foreign earnings to be permanently reinvested overseas.
Operating Results by Segment
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
LCD
$
334.5

 
$
329.6

 
1.5
 %
LCD operating margin
13.4
%
 
13.8
%
 
(0.4
)%
CDD
35.8

 
74.7

 
(52.1
)%
CDD operating margin
1.4
%
 
3.1
%
 
(1.7
)%
General corporate expenses
(34.3
)
 
(38.8
)
 
(11.6
)%
Total
$
336.0

 
$
365.5

 
(8.1
)%
LCD operating earnings were $334.5 for the three months ended June 30, 2017, an increase of 1.5% over operating earnings of $329.6 in the corresponding period of 2016 and a decline of 0.4% in operating margin year-over-year. The decline in operating margin was due to the unfavorable impact from the year-over-year comparison to Leap Year and the timing of the Easter holiday offset by savings from its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative. LaunchPad remains on track to deliver net savings of $150.0 through the three-year period ending in 2017.
CDD operating earnings were $35.8 for the three months ended June 30, 2017, a decrease of 52.1% over operating earnings of $74.7 in the corresponding period of 2016 and a decrease in operating margin of 1.7% year-over-year. The decline was primarily due to higher personnel costs as well as higher restructuring and other special charges related to the expansion of the LaunchPad business process improvement initiative and the termination of a software development project, partially offset by cost synergies. The Company remains on track to deliver cost synergies of $100.0 related to the integration of the Acquisition through the three-year period ending in 2017.
General corporate expenses are comprised primarily of administrative services such as executive management, human resources, legal, finance, corporate affairs, and information technology. Corporate expenses were $34.3 for the three months ended June 30, 2017, a decrease of 11.6% over corporate expenses of $38.8 in the corresponding period of 2016. The decrease in corporate expenses in 2017 is primarily due to a reduction in certain incentive compensation.
Six months ended June 30, 2017 compared with six months ended June 30, 2016
Net Revenue
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Net revenue
 
 
 
 
 
LCD
$
3,517.0

 
$
3,250.3

 
8.2
 %
CDD
1,390.0

 
1,427.1

 
(2.6
)%
Intercompany eliminations
(0.5
)
 
(0.2
)
 
N/A

Total
$
4,906.5

 
$
4,677.2

 
4.9
 %

28

The increase in net revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared with the corresponding period in 2016 was due to strong LCD revenue growth, driven by acquisitions as well as organic growth, tempered by the decline in CDD revenue primarily relating to the cancellation by sponsors of two large studies in late 2016 and an unfavorable currency impact.
LCD net revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $3,157.0, an increase of 8.2% over revenue of $3,250.3 in the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase in net revenue was the result of organic volume growth, measured by requisitions, price, mix and acquisitions, and partially offset by currency. The 8.2% increase in net revenues was comprised of 4.5% of acquisition growth, 1.9% of organic net revenue growth and an unfavorable currency impact of 0.1%. The increase in organic net revenue was driven by growth in volume, measured by requisitions, of 1.9%. Price and mix accounted for an additional 2.0% of the growth, excluding the impact of currency.
CDD net revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $1,390.0, a decrease of 2.6% from revenue of $1,427.1 in the six months ended June 30, 2016. The decrease in net revenue was primarily due to the cancellation by sponsors of two large studies in late 2016. Net revenue was also unfavorably impacted by 1.4% of foreign currency translation.
Net Cost of Revenues
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Net cost of revenues
$
3,241.1

 
$
3,073.1

 
5.5
%
Cost of revenues as a % of net revenue
66.1
%
 
65.7
%
 
 

Net cost of revenues increased 5.5% during the six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared with the corresponding period in 2016. Net cost of revenues as a percentage of net revenue increased from 65.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2016 to 66.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2017 primarily due to the addition of clinical research associate positions within the CDD segment during the past year. The net cost of revenues was also impacted by a decrease of 0.5% due to currency fluctuations.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses
$
854.7

 
$
823.8

 
3.8
%
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of net revenue
17.4
%
 
17.6
%
 
 

Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenue decreased to 17.4% during the six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to 17.6% during the corresponding period in 2016.
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company incurred legal and other costs of $6.6 relating to recent acquisition activity. The Company also recorded $4.9 in consulting expenses relating to fees incurred as part of its integration and compensation analysis, along with $0.9 in short-term equity retention arrangements relating to the Acquisition. In addition, the Company incurred $5.5 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative (all recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses).
During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company incurred legal and other costs of $2.7 relating to the wind down of its minimum volume service contract operations. The Company also recorded $5.7 in consulting expenses relating to fees incurred as part of its integration and compensation analysis, along with $1.7 in short-term equity retention arrangements relating to the Acquisition and $4.5 of accelerated equity compensation relating to the announced retirement of a Company executive (all recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses). In addition, the Company incurred $3.4 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative (all recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses).
Excluding these charges, selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 17.1% and 17.2% during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to the impact of the Company's LaunchPad business process improvement initiative. Selling, general and administrative expenses also experienced a net decrease of 0.3% due to currency fluctuations on a consolidated basis. Bad debt expense for LCD was 4.4% of net revenue for that segment during the six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to 4.6% during the corresponding period in 2016.




29

Amortization of Intangibles and Other Assets
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
LCD
$
56.0

 
$
47.0

 
19.1
%
CDD
43.0

 
42.6

 
0.9
%
Total amortization of intangibles and other assets
$
99.0

 
$
89.6

 
10.5
%
The increase in amortization of intangibles and other assets primarily reflects the impact of acquisitions occurring after June30, 2016.
Restructuring and Other Special Charges
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Restructuring and other special charges
$
43.0

 
$
25.8

 
66.7
%
During the first six months of 2017, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $43.0; $8.9 within LCD and $34.1within CDD. The charges were comprised of $22.5 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $5.9 in costs associated with facility closures. The Company reversed previously established reserves of $0.1 in unused facility-related costs and $0.4 in unused severance reserves. Also included in the net restructuring and other special charges is an impairment loss of $15.1 related to the termination of a software development project.
During the first six months of 2016, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $25.8; $2.8 within LCD and $23.0 within CDD. The charges were comprised of $9.0 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $21.6 in costs associated with facility closures. A substantial portion of these costs relate to the planned closure of duplicative data center operations and other facilities. The Company reversed previously established reserves of $2.2 in unused facility-related costs and $2.6 in unused severance reserves primarily as the result of selling one of CDD's minimum volume service contract facilities to a third party. In conjunction with certain international legal entity tax structuring, the Company also recorded a one-time tax liability of $1.1.
Interest Expense
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Interest expense
$
(107.4
)
 
$
(108.0
)
 
(0.6
)%
The decrease in interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared with corresponding period in 2016 is primarily due to repayment of the 3.125% senior notes in May 2016 and a lower average balance on the term loan for the period offset by higher interest rates and a higher average outstanding balance on the revolving credit facilities.

Equity Method Income, net
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Equity method income, net
$
6.8

 
$
3.3

 
106.1
%
 
Equity method income represents the Company's ownership share in joint venture partnerships along with equity investments in other companies in the health care industry. All of these partnerships and investments reside within LCD. The increase in income for the six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared with the corresponding period in 2016 was primarily due to the increased profitability in one of the joint ventures and the addition of several joint ventures related to the May 2017 acquisition of PAML.
Other, net
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Other, net
$
(4.0
)
 
$
4.3

 
(193.0
)%
 
The change in other, net for the six months ended June 30, 2017 is primarily due to a net gain on the sale of investment securities from the Company's venture fund in 2016 offset by net decrease in realized foreign currency translation losses.



30

Income Tax Expense
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Income tax expense
$
183.4

 
$
196.7

 
(6.8
)%
Income tax expense as a % of earnings before tax
32.5
%
 
34.8
%
 
 

The Company's 2017 tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 3017 is lower than the 2016 tax rate primarily due to a greater benefit recognized for stock-based compensation and a more favorable mix of taxable income in foreign jurisdictions in 2017. In 2017 and 2016, the rate was favorably impacted by foreign earnings taxed at lower rates than the U.S. statutory tax rate. The Company considers all of the foreign earnings to be permanently reinvested overseas.
Operating Results by Segment
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
LCD
$
644.0

 
$
604.3

 
6.6
 %
LCD operating margin
13.1
%
 
12.9
%
 
0.2
 %
CDD
91.9

 
138.4

 
(33.6
)%
CDD operating margin
1.9
%
 
3.0
%
 
(1.1
)%
General corporate expenses
(67.2
)
 
(77.7
)
 
(13.5
)%
Total
$
668.7

 
$
665.0

 
0.6
 %
LCD operating earnings were $644.0 for the six months ended June 30, 2017, an increase of 6.6% over operating earnings of $604.3 in the corresponding period of 2016 and an increase of 0.2% in operating margin year-over-year. The increase in operating margin was primarily due to strong revenue growth of 8.2% and savings from its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative offset by the unfavorable impact from the year-over-year comparison to Leap Year. The Company's LaunchPad business process improvement initiative remains on track to deliver net savings of $150.0 through the three-year period ending in 2017.
CDD operating earnings were $91.9 for the six months ended June 30, 2017, a decrease of 33.6% over operating earnings of $138.4 in the corresponding period of 2016 and a decrease of 1.1% in operating margin year-over-year. The decline in operating margin was primarily due to the decline in CDD revenue primarily relating to the cancellation by sponsors of two large studies in late 2016. In addition, the segment experienced higher personnel costs and increased restructuring and other special charges related to the expansion of the LaunchPad business process improvement initiative and the termination of a software development project. Theses costs were partially offset by cost synergies. The Company remains on track to deliver cost synergies of $100.0 related to the integration of the Acquisition through the three-year period ending in 2017.
General corporate expenses are comprised primarily of administrative services such as executive management, human resources, legal, finance, corporate affairs, and information technology. Corporate expenses were $67.2 for the six months ended June 30, 2017, a decrease of 13.5% over corporate expenses of $77.7 in the corresponding period of 2016. The decrease in corporate expenses in 2017 is primarily due to a reduction in acquisition related costs and certain incentive compensation.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES (dollars and shares in millions)

The Company's ability to generate cash and financial condition typically have provided ready access to capital markets. The Company's principal source of liquidity is operating cash flow, supplemented by proceeds from debt offerings. The Company's senior unsecured revolving credit facility is further discussed in Note 6 (Debt) to the Company's Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
During the first six months of 2017 and 2016, respectively, the Company's cash flows were as follows:
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
544.5

 
$
477.1

 
Net cash used for investing activities
(736.9
)
 
(258.4
)
 
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
46.9

 
(308.4
)
 
Effect of exchange rate on changes in cash and cash equivalents
11.8

 
12.9

 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
$
(133.7
)
 
$
(76.8
)
 




31

Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2017 and 2016 totaled $299.9 and $639.6, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid instruments, such as time deposits, commercial paper, and other money market investments, substantially all of which have original maturities of three months or less.
Operating Activities 
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company's operations provided $544.5 of cash as compared to $477.1 during the same period in 2016. The $67.4 increase in cash provided from operations in 2017 as compared with the corresponding 2016 period is primarily due to higher net earnings and improved working capital management.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $736.9 as compared to $258.4 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The $478.5 increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to cash paid for acquisitions and equity investments in the first half of 2017. Capital expenditures were $141.5 and $138.4 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company expects capital expenditures in 2017 to be approximately 3.0% of net revenues primarily in connection with projects to support growth in the Company's core businesses, including projects related to its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative. The Company intends to continue to pursue acquisitions to fund growth and make important investments in its business, including in information technology, to improve efficiency and enable the execution of the Company's strategic vision. Such expenditures are expected to be funded by cash flow from operations, as well as borrowings under the Company's revolving credit facility or any successor facility, as needed.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $46.9 compared to net cash used for financing activities of $308.4 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The change in the cash provided by (used for) financing activities for six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to 2016, was primarily a result of an increase in net debt proceeds of $616.5 offset by common stock repurchases of $256.0.
Under the Company's term loan credit facility and the revolving credit facility, the Company is subject to negative covenants limiting subsidiary indebtedness and certain other covenants typical for investment grade-rated borrowers and the Company is required to maintain certain leverage ratios that decline over time. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the term loan credit facility and the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2017. As of June 30, 2017, the ratio of total debt to consolidated trailing 12 month EBITDA was 3.2 to 1.0.
As of June 30, 2017, the effective interest rate on the revolving credit facility was 2.29% and the effective interest rate on the term loan was 2.48%.
On September 30, 2016, the Company announced the successful completion of the consent solicitations for the 5.00% convertible senior notes due 2017 and 2018, acquired as part of the 2016 acquisition of Sequenom, Inc. On October 20, 2016, the Company retired $129.9 of these outstanding notes, and paid an additional $5.6 relating to the early retirement of the subsidiary indebtedness.
As of June 30, 2017, the Company provided letters of credit aggregating $66.0, primarily in connection with certain insurance programs. Letters of credit provided by the Company are issued under the Company's revolving credit facility and are renewed annually.
At the end of 2016, the Company had outstanding authorization from the Board of Directors to purchase up to $739.5 of Company common stock. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company purchased 1.9 shares of its common stock at a total cost of $256.0 (inclusive of 0.1 shares of common stock at a cost of $6.0 representing committed purchases as of December 31, 2016 that settled in early 2017). As of June 30, 2017, the Company had outstanding authorization from the Board of Directors to purchase up to $489.5 of Company common stock. The repurchase authorization has no expiration.
The Company had a $24.8 and $28.3 reserve for unrecognized income tax benefits, including interest and penalties, as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Substantially all of these tax reserves are classified in other long-term liabilities in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Zero-coupon Subordinated Notes and Senior Notes due 2017
On March 13, 2017, the Company announced that for the period of March 12, 2017 to September 11, 2017, the zero-coupon subordinated notes will accrue contingent cash interest at a rate of no less than 0.125% of the average market price of a zero-coupon subordinated note for the five trading days ended March 8, 2017, in addition to the continued accrual of the original issue discount.

32

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company settled notices to convert $20.5 aggregate principal amount at maturity of its zero-coupon subordinated notes with a conversion value of $63.1. The total cash used for these settlements was $31.2 and the Company also issued 0.2 shares of common stock. As a result of these conversions, the Company also reversed deferred tax liabilities of $12.8.
On July 3, 2017, the Company also announced that its zero-coupon subordinated notes may be converted into cash and common stock at the conversion rate of 13.4108 per $1,000 principal amount at maturity of the notes, subject to the terms of the zero-coupon subordinated notes and the Indenture, dated as of October 24, 2006 between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee and conversion agent. In order to exercise the option to convert all or a portion of the zero-coupon subordinated notes, holders are required to validly surrender their zero-coupon subordinated notes at any time during the calendar quarter beginning July 1, 2017, through the close of business on the last business day of the calendar quarter, which is 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on Friday, September 29, 2017. If notices of conversion are received, the Company plans to settle the cash portion of the conversion obligation with cash on hand and/or borrowings under the new revolving credit facility.

On August 23, 2012, the Company issued $500.0 of senior notes which mature on August 23, 2017. The senior notes due 2017 are included in current liabilities in the current portion of long-term debt. The Company expects to pay these senior notes at maturity using available facilities or by accessing the debt capital markets.
Credit Ratings
The Company’s investment grade debt ratings from Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s contribute to its ability to access capital markets.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and other relevant market rate or price changes. In the ordinary course of business, the Company is exposed to various market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange and interest rates, and the Company regularly evaluates the exposure to such changes. The Company addresses its exposure to market risks, principally the market risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, through a controlled program of risk management that includes, from time to time, the use of derivative financial instruments such as foreign currency forward contracts and interest rate swap agreements. Although, as set forth below, the Company’s zero-coupon subordinated notes contain features that are considered to be embedded derivative instruments, the Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
Approximately 10.1% of the Company's net revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and approximately 10.4% of those for the six months ended June 30, 2016 were denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Company's financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars and, accordingly, fluctuations in exchange rates will affect the translation of revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies into U.S. dollars for purposes of reporting the Company's consolidated financial results. In the first six months of 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016, the most significant currency exchange rate exposures were to the Canadian dollar, Swiss Franc, Euro and British Pound. Excluding the impacts from any outstanding or future hedging transactions, a hypothetical change of 10% in average exchange rates used to translate all foreign currencies to U.S. dollars would have impacted income before income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2017 by approximately $2.2. Gross accumulated currency translation adjustments recorded as a separate component of shareholders’ equity were $216.5 and $(41.4) at June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company does not have significant operations in countries in which the economy is considered to be highly-inflationary.
The Company earns revenue from service contracts over a period of several months and, in some cases, over a period of several years. Accordingly, exchange rate fluctuations during this period may affect the Company's profitability with respect to such contracts. The Company is also subject to foreign currency transaction risk for fluctuations in exchange rates during the period of time between the consummation and cash settlement of transactions. The Company limits its foreign currency transaction risk through exchange rate fluctuation provisions stated in some of its contracts with customers, or it may hedge transaction risk with foreign currency forward contracts. At June 30, 2017, the Company had 16 open foreign exchange forward contracts relating to service contracts with various amounts maturing monthly through July 2017 with a notional value totaling approximately $249.4. At December 31, 2016, the Company had 5 open foreign exchange forward contracts relating to service contracts with various amounts maturing monthly through January 2017 with a notional value totaling approximately $167.9.
Interest Rates
Some of the Company's debt is subject to interest at variable rates. As a result, fluctuations in interest rates affect the business. The Company attempts to manage interest rate risk and overall borrowing costs through an appropriate mix of fixed and variable rate debt including by the utilization of derivative financial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps.

33

Borrowings under the Company's term loan credit facility and revolving credit facility are subject to variable interest rates, unless fixed through interest rate swaps or other agreements. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had $565.0 of unhedged variable rate debt from the term loan credit facility and $309.0 outstanding on its revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had no outstanding balance on its revolving credit facility and $565.0 on its term loan facility.
The Company is party to two fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements for the 4.625% senior notes due 2020 with an aggregate notional amount of $600.0 and variable interest rates based on one-month LIBOR plus 2.298% to hedge against changes in the fair value of a portion of the Company's long term debt.
The Company’s zero-coupon subordinated notes contain the following two features that are considered to be embedded derivative instruments under authoritative guidance in connection with accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities:
1)
The Company will pay contingent cash interest on the zero-coupon subordinated notes after September 11, 2006, if the average market price of the notes equals 120% or more of the sum of the issue price, accrued original issue discount and contingent additional principal, if any, for a specified measurement period.
2)
Holders may surrender zero-coupon subordinated notes for conversion during any period in which the rating assigned to the zero-coupon subordinated notes by S&P’s Ratings Services is BB- or lower.
Each quarter-point increase or decrease in the variable rate would result in the Company's interest expense changing by approximately $1.4 per year for the Company's unhedged variable rate debt.
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company carried out, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based upon this evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2017.
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.


34

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Note 9 (Commitments and Contingencies) to the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, above, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the risk factors that appear in Part I - Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds (Dollars in millions)

The following table sets forth information with respect to purchases of shares of the Company’s common stock based on settled trades made during the three months ended June 30, 2017, by or on behalf of the Company:
 
Total Number of Shares Repurchased
 
Average Price Paid Per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program
 
Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Repurchased Under the Program
April 1 - April 30
0.5

 
143.16

 
0.5

 
532.8

May 1 - May 31
0.3

 
140.87

 
0.3

 
489.5

June 1 - June 30
—

 
—

 
—

 
489.5

 
0.8

 
142.31

 
0.8

 
 
The Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of specified amounts of the Company's common stock since 2007, including the authorization to repurchase up to $1,000.0 of the Company’s common stock announced by the Company on October 18, 2013. At the end of the second quarter 2017, $489.5 of repurchase authorization remained under the Company's share repurchase program. The repurchase authorization has no expiration date.

Item 6. Exhibits
(a)
Exhibits
 
 
12.1*
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges
31.1*
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)
31.2*
Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)
32*
Written Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350)
101.INS*
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
*
 
filed herewith






35

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS
Registrant

 
By:
/s/ DAVID P. KING
 
 
David P. King
 
 
Chairman of the Board, President
 
 
and Chief Executive Officer

 
By:
/s/ GLENN A. EISENBERG
 
 
Glenn A. Eisenberg
 
 
Executive Vice President and
 
 
Chief Financial Officer

August 2, 2017


36