LOANS AND LEASES

Loans and leases as of December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, were as follows, in thousands:



	December 31, 2012			December 31, 2011
Loans and leases receivable held to maturity:
Commercial	$	712,143		$	645,666
Commercial real estate	1,289,184			1,163,784
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	328,311			262,975
Residential real estate	249,689			194,436
Consumer	245,678			220,099
Gross loans receivable held to maturity	2,825,005			2,486,960
Net direct financing leases held to maturity	165			450
Gross loans and leases receivable held to maturity	2,825,170			2,487,410
Unearned discount	(676		)	(2,463		)
Deferred loan fees	(2,945		)	(3,663		)
Total net loans and leases receivable held to maturity	2,821,549			2,481,284
Loans covered under loss share agreements:
Commercial and commercial real estate	3,074			6,380
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	748			1,659
Residential real estate	2,645			4,158
Consumer	786			1,150
Total loans covered under loss share agreements	7,253			13,347
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(38,715		)	(36,808		)
Loans and leases receivable, net	$	2,790,087		$	2,457,823

Heartland has certain lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to provide for an acceptable level of credit risk. The board of directors reviews and approves these policies and procedures on a regular basis. A reporting system supplements the review process by providing management and the board with frequent reports related to loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and nonperforming loans and potential problem loans. Diversification in the loan portfolio is also a means of managing risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions.

The commercial and commercial real estate loan portfolio includes a wide range of business loans, including lines of credit for working capital and operational purposes and term loans for the acquisition of equipment and real estate. Although most loans are made on a secured basis, loans may be made on an unsecured basis where warranted by the overall financial condition of the borrower. Terms of commercial business loans generally range from one to five years. Commercial loans and leases are primarily made based on the identified cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The collateral for most of these loans and leases is based upon a discount from its market value. The primary repayment risks of commercial loans and leases are that the cash flow of the borrowers may be unpredictable, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Heartland seeks to minimize these risks in a variety of ways. The underwriting analysis includes credit verification, analysis of global cash flows, appraisals and a review of the financial condition of the borrower. Personal guarantees are frequently required as a tertiary form of repayment. In addition, when underwriting loans for commercial real estate, careful consideration is given to the property's operating history, future operating projections, current and projected occupancy, location and physical condition. Heartland also utilizes government guaranteed lending through the U.S. Small Business Administration and the USDA Rural Development Business and Industry Program to assist customers with longer-term funding and to reduce risk.

Agricultural loans, many of which are secured by crops, machinery and real estate, are provided to finance capital improvements and farm operations as well as acquisitions of livestock and machinery. Agricultural loans present unique credit risks relating to adverse weather conditions, loss of livestock due to disease or other factors, declines in market prices for agricultural products and the impact of government regulations. The ultimate repayment of agricultural loans is dependent upon the profitable operation or management of the agricultural entity. In underwriting agricultural loans, lending personnel work closely with their customers to review budgets and cash flow projections for the ensuing crop year. These budgets and cash flow projections are monitored closely during the year and reviewed with the customers at least annually. Lending personnel also work closely with governmental agencies, including the Farm Service Agency, to help agricultural customers obtain credit enhancement products such as loan guarantees or interest assistance.

Heartland originates first-lien, adjustable-rate and fixed-rate, one-to-four-family residential real estate loans for the construction, purchase or refinancing of a single family residential property. These loans are principally collateralized by owner-occupied properties and are amortized over 10 to 30 years. Heartland typically sells longer-term, low-rate, residential mortgage loans in the secondary market with servicing rights retained. This practice allows Heartland to better manage interest rate risk and liquidity risk. The Heartland bank subsidiaries participate in lending programs sponsored by U.S. government agencies such as Veterans Administration and Federal Home Administration when justified by market conditions.

Consumer lending includes motor vehicle, home improvement, home equity and small personal credit lines. Consumer loans typically have shorter terms, lower balances, higher yields and higher risks of default than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. Consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower's continuing financial stability, and are therefore more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances. Risk is reduced through underwriting criteria, which include credit verification, appraisals, a review of the borrower's financial condition, and personal cash flows. A security interest, with title insurance when necessary, is taken in the underlying real estate. Heartland's consumer finance subsidiary, Citizens Finance Co., typically lends to borrowers with past credit problems or limited credit histories, which comprise approximately 27% of Heartland's total consumer loan portfolio.

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Heartland’s policy is to discontinue the accrual of interest income on any loan or lease when, in the opinion of management, there is a reasonable doubt as to the timely collection of the interest and principal, normally when a loan or lease is 90 days past due. When interest accruals are deemed uncollectible, interest credited to income in the current year is reversed and interest accrued in prior years is charged to the allowance for loan and lease losses. Nonaccrual loans and leases are returned to an accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the financial position of the borrower indicates that there is no longer any reasonable doubt as to the timely payment of interest and principal.

Under Heartland’s credit practices, all nonaccrual and loans meeting the criteria of a troubled debt restructuring are defined as impaired loans. Loan impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except where more practical, at the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

The following table shows the balance in the allowance for loan and lease losses at December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, and the related loan balances, disaggregated on the basis of impairment methodology, in thousands. Loans evaluated under ASC 310-10-35 include loans on nonaccrual status and troubled debt restructurings, which are individually evaluated for impairment, and other impaired loans deemed to have similar risk characteristics. All other loans are collectively evaluated for impairment under ASC 450-20. Heartland has made no changes to the accounting for the allowance for loan and lease losses policy during 2012.



	Allowance For Loan and Lease Losses						Gross Loans and Leases Receivable Held to Maturity
	Ending Balance Under ASC 310-10-35		Ending Balance Under ASC 450-20		Total		Ending Balance Evaluated for Impairment Under ASC 310-10-35		Ending Balance Evaluated for Impairment Under ASC 450-20		Total
December 31, 2012
Commercial	$	1,350	$	10,038	$	11,388	$	9,031	$	703,112	$	712,143
Commercial real estate	1,112		13,361		14,473		45,583		1,243,601		1,289,184
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	109		2,029		2,138		16,128		312,183		328,311
Residential real estate	783		2,760		3,543		7,443		242,246		249,689
Consumer	1,270		5,903		7,173		5,391		240,287		245,678
Lease financing	—		—		—		—		165		165
Total	$	4,624	$	34,091	$	38,715	$	83,576	$	2,741,594	$	2,825,170
December 31, 2011
Commercial	$	1,990	$	8,557	$	10,547	$	9,293	$	636,373	$	645,666
Commercial real estate	1,929		12,692		14,621		66,467		1,097,317		1,163,784
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	—		1,763		1,763		14,385		248,590		262,975
Residential real estate	464		2,537		3,001		5,905		188,531		194,436
Consumer	1,097		5,777		6,874		4,391		215,708		220,099
Lease financing	—		2		2		—		450		450
Total	$	5,480	$	31,328	$	36,808	$	100,441	$	2,386,969	$	2,487,410

The following table presents nonaccrual loans, accruing loans past due 90 days or more and troubled debt restructured loans not covered under loss share agreements at December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, in thousands. There were no nonaccrual leases, accruing leases past due 90 days or more or restructured leases at December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011.



	December 31, 2012		December 31, 2011
Nonaccrual loans	$	38,675	$	48,587
Nonaccrual troubled debt restructured loans	4,481		8,848
Total nonaccrual loans	$	43,156	$	57,435
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more	—		—
Performing troubled debt restructured loans	$	21,121	$	25,704

Heartland had $25.6 million of troubled debt restructured loans at December 31, 2012, of which $4.5 million were classified as nonaccrual and $21.1 million were accruing according to the restructured terms. Heartland had $34.6 million of troubled debt restructured loans at December 31, 2011, of which $8.8 million were classified as nonaccrual and $25.7 million were accruing according to the restructured terms.

The following table provides information on troubled debt restructured loans that were modified during the years ended December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, in thousands:



	For the Years Ended
	December 31, 2012					December 31, 2011
	Number of Loans	Pre-Modification Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Pre-Modification Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Recorded Investment
Commercial	—	$	—	$	—	3	$	124	$	124
Commercial real estate	1	13		13		13	5,664		5,664
Total commercial and commercial real estate	1	13		13		16	5,788		5,788
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	2	256		256		7	2,994		2,994
Residential real estate	2	1,239		1,239		9	1,182		1,182
Consumer	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total	5	$	1,508	$	1,508	32	$	9,964	$	9,964

The pre-modification and post-modification recorded investment represents amounts as of the date of loan modification. Since the modifications on these loans have been only interest rate concessions and term extensions, not principal reductions, the pre-modification and post-modification recorded investment amounts are the same.

The following table provides information on troubled debt restructured loans for which there was a payment default during the years ended December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, in thousands, that had been modified during the 12-month period prior to the default:



	With Payment Defaults During the Following Periods
	For the Years Ended
	December 31, 2012			December 31, 2011
	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment
Commercial	—	$	—	—	$	—
Commercial real estate	—	—		—	—
Total commercial and commercial real estate	—	—		—	—
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	—	—		—	—
Residential real estate	2	59		3	287
Consumer	—	—		—	—
Total	2	$	59	3	$	287

Heartland's internal rating system is a series of grades reflecting management's risk assessment, based on its analysis of the borrower's financial condition. The "pass" category consists of all loans that are not in the "nonpass" category, categorized into a range of loan grades that reflect increasing, though still acceptable, risk. Movement of risk through the various grade levels in the pass category is monitored for early identification of credit deterioration. The "nonpass" category consists of special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss loans. The "special mention" rating is attached to loans where the borrower exhibits negative financial trends due to borrower specific or systemic conditions that, if left uncorrected, threaten its capacity to meet its debt obligations. The borrower is believed to have sufficient financial flexibility to react to and resolve its negative financial situation. These credits are closely monitored for improvement or deterioration. The "substandard" rating is assigned to loans that are inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the borrower and may be further at risk due to deterioration in the value of collateral pledged. Well-defined weaknesses jeopardize liquidation of the debt. These loans are still considered collectible, however, a distinct possibility exists that Heartland will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. Substandard loans may exhibit some or all of the following weaknesses: deteriorating trends, lack of earnings, inadequate debt service capacity, excessive debt and/or lack of liquidity. The "doubtful" rating is assigned to loans where identified weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. These borrowers are usually in default, lack liquidity and capital, as well as resources necessary to remain an operating entity. Specific pending events, such as capital injections, liquidations or perfection of liens on additional collateral, may strengthen the credit, thus deferring classification of the loan as loss until exact status can be determined. The "loss" rating is assigned to loans considered uncollectible. As of December 31, 2012, Heartland had no loans classified as doubtful or loss. Loans are placed on "nonaccrual" when management does not expect to collect payments of principal and interest in full or when principal or interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more, unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection.

The following table presents loans and leases not covered by loss share agreements by credit quality indicator at December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, in thousands:



	Pass		Nonpass		Total
December 31, 2012
Commercial	$	660,953	$	51,190	$	712,143
Commercial real estate	1,134,784		154,400		1,289,184
Total commercial and commercial real estate	1,795,737		205,590		2,001,327
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	286,264		42,047		328,311
Residential real estate	227,925		21,764		249,689
Consumer	235,232		10,446		245,678
Lease financing	165		—		165
Total gross loans and leases receivable held to maturity	$	2,545,323	$	279,847	$	2,825,170

December 31, 2011
Commercial	$	596,759	$	48,907	$	645,666
Commercial real estate	988,906		174,878		1,163,784
Total commercial and commercial real estate	1,585,665		223,785		1,809,450
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	223,247		39,728		262,975
Residential real estate	177,128		17,308		194,436
Consumer	211,073		9,026		220,099
Lease financing	450		—		450
Total gross loans and leases receivable held to maturity	$	2,197,563	$	289,847	$	2,487,410

The nonpass category in the table above is comprised of approximately 50% special mention and 50% substandard as of December 31, 2012. The percent of nonpass loans on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2012, was 15%. As of December 31, 2011, the nonpass category in the table above was comprised of approximately 43% special mention and 57% substandard. The percent of nonpass loans on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2011, was 20%. Changes in credit risk are monitored on a continuous basis and changes in risk ratings are made when identified. All impaired loans are reviewed at least annually.

The following table sets forth information regarding Heartland's accruing and nonaccrual loans and leases not covered by loss share agreements at December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, in thousands:



	Accruing Loans and Leases
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Nonaccrual		Total Loans and Leases
December 31, 2012
Commercial	$	1,143	$	525	$	—	$	1,668	$	708,294	$	2,181	$	712,143
Commercial real estate	1,631		494		—		2,125		1,259,112		27,947		1,289,184
Total commercial and commercial real estate	2,774		1,019		—		3,793		1,967,406		30,128		2,001,327
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	687		—		—		687		324,545		3,079		328,311
Residential real estate	1,278		234		—		1,512		241,860		6,317		249,689
Consumer	2,434		803		—		3,237		238,809		3,632		245,678
Lease financing	—		—		—		—		165		—		165
Total gross loans and leases receivable held to maturity	$	7,173	$	2,056	$	—	$	9,229	$	2,772,785	$	43,156	$	2,825,170

December 31, 2011
Commercial	$	220	$	479	$	—	$	699	$	643,273	$	1,694	$	645,666
Commercial real estate	668		—		—		668		1,117,274		45,842		1,163,784
Total commercial and commercial real estate	888		479		—		1,367		1,760,547		47,536		1,809,450
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	32		—		—		32		262,409		534		262,975
Residential real estate	940		93		—		1,033		188,865		4,538		194,436
Consumer	2,176		555		—		2,731		212,541		4,827		220,099
Lease financing	—		—		—		—		450		—		450
Total gross loans and leases receivable held to maturity	$	4,036	$	1,127	$	—	$	5,163	$	2,424,812	$	57,435	$	2,487,410

The majority of Heartland's impaired loans are those that are nonaccrual, are past due 90 days or more and still accruing or have had their terms restructured in a troubled debt restructuring. The following tables present, for impaired loans not covered by loss share agreements and by category of loan, the unpaid balance that was contractually due at December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, the outstanding loan balance recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, any related allowance recorded for those loans as of December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, the average outstanding loan balance recorded on the consolidated balance sheets during the years ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, and the interest income recognized on the impaired loans during the year ended December 31, 2012, and year ended December 31, 2011, in thousands:



	Unpaid Contractual Balance		Loan Balance		Related Allowance Recorded		Year-to-Date Avg. Loan Balance		Year-to-Date Interest Income Recognized
December 31, 2012
Impaired loans with a related allowance:
Commercial	$	2,904	$	2,904	$	1,350	$	5,082	$	88
Commercial real estate	6,403		6,384		1,112		12,671		813
Total commercial and commercial real estate	9,307		9,288		2,462		17,753		901
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	1,493		1,493		109		379		83
Residential real estate	3,197		3,170		783		2,737		89
Consumer	3,876		3,836		1,270		3,781		204
Total loans held to maturity	$	17,873	$	17,787	$	4,624	$	24,650	$	1,277
Impaired loans without a related allowance:
Commercial	$	6,596	$	6,127	$	—	$	3,813	$	186
Commercial real estate	48,967		39,199		—		41,814		689
Total commercial and commercial real estate	55,563		45,326		—		45,627		875
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	14,654		14,635		—		13,728		539
Residential real estate	4,741		4,273		—		3,861		65
Consumer	1,708		1,555		—		1,630		18
Total loans held to maturity	$	76,666	$	65,789	$	—	$	64,846	$	1,497
Total impaired loans held to maturity:
Commercial	$	9,500	$	9,031	$	1,350	$	8,895	$	274
Commercial real estate	55,370		45,583		1,112		54,485		1,502
Total commercial and commercial real estate	64,870		54,614		2,462		63,380		1,776
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	16,147		16,128		109		14,107		622
Residential real estate	7,938		7,443		783		6,598		154
Consumer	5,584		5,391		1,270		5,411		222
Total impaired loans held to maturity	$	94,539	$	83,576	$	4,624	$	89,496	$	2,774



	Unpaid Contractual Balance		Loan Balance		Related Allowance Recorded		Year-to-Date Avg. Loan Balance		Year-to-Date Interest Income Recognized
December 31, 2011
Impaired loans with a related allowance:
Commercial	$	8,433	$	8,397	$	1,990	$	9,395	$	434
Commercial real estate	13,558		13,558		1,929		32,471		412
Total commercial and commercial real estate	21,991		21,955		3,919		41,866		846
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	—		—		—		2,722		—
Residential real estate	1,776		1,775		464		1,854		57
Consumer	2,764		2,764		1,097		2,688		32
Total loans held to maturity	$	26,531	$	26,494	$	5,480	$	49,130	$	935
Impaired loans without a related allowance:
Commercial	$	1,737	$	896	$	—	$	2,221	$	2
Commercial real estate	79,876		52,909		—		54,657		804
Total commercial and commercial real estate	81,613		53,805		—		56,878		806
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	14,428		14,385		—		14,302		557
Residential real estate	4,324		4,130		—		4,293		46
Consumer	2,226		1,627		—		1,470		5
Total loans held to maturity	$	102,591	$	73,947	$	—	$	76,943	$	1,414
Total impaired loans held to maturity:
Commercial	$	10,170	$	9,293	$	1,990	$	11,616	$	436
Commercial real estate	93,434		66,467		1,929		87,128		1,216
Total commercial and commercial real estate	103,604		75,760		3,919		98,744		1,652
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	14,428		14,385		—		17,024		557
Residential real estate	6,100		5,905		464		6,147		103
Consumer	4,990		4,391		1,097		4,158		37
Total impaired loans held to maturity	$	129,122	$	100,441	$	5,480	$	126,073	$	2,349

On July 2, 2009, Heartland acquired all deposits of The Elizabeth State Bank in Elizabeth, Illinois through its subsidiary Galena State Bank & Trust Co. based in Galena, Illinois, in a whole bank loss sharing transaction facilitated by the FDIC. As of July 2, 2009, The Elizabeth State Bank had loans of $42.7 million. The estimated fair value of the loans acquired was $37.8 million.

The acquired loans and other real estate owned are covered by two loss share agreements between the FDIC and Galena State Bank & Trust Co., which affords Galena State Bank & Trust Co. significant loss protection. Under the loss share agreements, the FDIC covers 80% of the covered loan and other real estate owned losses (referred to as covered assets) up to $10 million and 95% of losses in excess of that amount. The term for loss sharing on non-residential real estate losses is five years with respect to losses and eight years with respect to recoveries, while the term for loss sharing on residential real estate loans is ten years with respect to losses and recoveries. The reimbursable losses from the FDIC are based on the book value of the relevant loan as determined by the FDIC at the date of the transaction. New loans made after the acquisition are not covered by the loss share agreements.

The Elizabeth State Bank acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations.” Purchased loans acquired in a business combination, which include loans purchased in The Elizabeth State Bank acquisition, are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date, but the purchaser cannot carry over the related allowance for loan and lease losses. Purchased loans are accounted for under ASC 310-30, “Loans and Debt Securities with Deteriorated Credit Quality,” when the loans have evidence of credit deterioration since origination and it is probable at the date of the acquisition that Heartland will not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments. Evidence of credit quality deterioration at the purchase date included statistics such as past due and nonaccrual status. Generally, acquired loans that meet Heartland’s definition for nonaccrual status fall within the scope of ASC 310-30. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the nonaccretable difference which is included in the carrying value of the loans. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan and lease losses. Subsequent increases in cash flows result in a reversal of the provision for loan and lease losses to the extent of prior charges, or a reclassification of the difference from nonaccretable to accretable with a positive impact on future interest income. Further, any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of such cash flows.

The carrying amount of the loans covered by these loss share agreements at December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, consisted of purchased impaired and nonimpaired loans as summarized in the following table, in thousands:



	December 31, 2012						December 31, 2011
	Impaired Purchased Loans		Non Impaired Purchased Loans		Total Covered Loans		Impaired Purchased Loans		Non Impaired Purchased Loans		Total Covered Loans
Commercial and commercial real estate	$	598	$	2,476	$	3,074	$	2,553	$	3,827	$	6,380
Agricultural and agricultural real estate	—		748		748		—		1,659		1,659
Residential real estate	—		2,645		2,645		—		4,158		4,158
Consumer loans	89		697		786		503		647		1,150
Total Covered Loans	$	687	$	6,566	$	7,253	$	3,056	$	10,291	$	13,347

On the acquisition date, the preliminary estimate of the contractually required payments receivable for all loans with evidence of credit deterioration since origination acquired in the acquisition was $13.8 million and the estimated fair value of the loans was $9.0 million. At December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, a majority of these loans were valued based upon the liquidation value of the underlying collateral, because the expected cash flows are primarily based on the liquidation of underlying collateral and the timing and amount of the cash flows could not be reasonably estimated. There was no allowance for loan and lease losses related to these ASC 310-30 loans at December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011.

On the acquisition date, the preliminary estimate of the contractually required payments receivable for all nonimpaired loans acquired in the acquisition was $28.9 million and the estimated fair value of the loans was $28.7 million.

Loans are made in the normal course of business to directors, officers and principal holders of equity securities of Heartland. The terms of these loans, including interest rates and collateral, are similar to those prevailing for comparable transactions and do not involve more than a normal risk of collectibility. Changes in such loans during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, were as follows, in thousands:



	2012			2011
Balance at beginning of year	$	68,749		$	75,565
Advances	41,989			15,606
Repayments	(13,127		)	(22,422		)
Balance at end of year	$	97,611		$	68,749